Reveal the secrets about the reindeer roach mushroom

Benefit and harm.

During the cooking process, the main useful components of the mushroom are not destroyed. The flesh of the mushroom is watery, does not have a pronounced aroma, but at the same time it is a source of a special type of proteins that are very well and fully absorbed by the body.

In addition to proteins, the mushroom contains fatty acids, the lack of which in the body can have serious negative consequences for the nervous system, immunity and skin. The use of these mushrooms is recommended in the presence of diabetes mellitus, a vegetarian diet and for everyone who wants to normalize their weight.

The mushroom also contains beneficial minerals necessary for blood formation and daily rebalancing of the body. Contraindications include the following diseases and conditions: pregnancy, breastfeeding, age up to 12 years, gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, individual intolerance

There is one more important rule - the mushroom will be safe only after soaking, and if you refuse this event, harmful substances may remain in it, which accumulate in the pulp during the growth period.

The mushroom mushroom, although not the best, is still worthy of being included in the menu. Subject to the rules of collection and preparation, it will serve as a useful addition to the diet!

The noble and scaly rogue

It is considered inedible. You can find it in the forests between July and October. The noble rogue has a white cap. Sometimes it may turn a little yellow or gray. Its edges are even, looking down. The stem is light, some specimens may have a brown coating.

You can meet him from mid-October in the south of Russia, from late summer to October.

The main external features are:

• a gray or brown cap, which, as the mushroom matures, becomes with upward curved edges;
• polished light leg;
• the plates are not located close to each other, gray shade.

A scaly-like plyuch is considered a double, but it is smaller in size, and its scales are more pronounced.

The edibility and hallucinogenic properties of willow spit

After preliminary boiling, these mushrooms are considered suitable for food, since during prolonged boiling, the psychoactive substance psilocybin, which is contained in these mushrooms, is destroyed.

The willow spit contains 0.011-0.05% psilocin, 0.21-0.35% psilocybin, and also contains traces of beocystin. Mushrooms that contain psilocybin, when eaten raw, produce psilocybin syndrome, a hallucinogenic condition.

A person hears new sounds, colorful, colored pictures, visions appear in front of him, fits of laughter or, on the contrary, panic may occur. The effect of mushrooms can begin within 20 minutes after their consumption and last for several hours.

Other mushrooms of this genus

The reindeer roach, also called the reindeer mushroom, is one of the most famous representatives of the genus. The caps of the fruiting bodies are of medium and fairly large sizes - from 4 to 10 centimeters in diameter, but sometimes they can reach up to 20 centimeters. The color of the cap is grayish or grayish-brown, and may be black-brown.

Deer mushrooms are widespread all over the world, that is, they are cosmopolitan, they grow on coniferous and deciduous wood. It is an edible member of the family.

The noble wicker, which is also called the domestic spit, also has rather large fruiting bodies - the diameter of the cap can reach 15 centimeters. The color of the cap is from whitish to ocher. These mushrooms grow in Eurasia and North America in deciduous and mixed forests. They can be found on oak, beech and poplar wood.

Spits noble are listed in the Red Data Books of some regions, for example, Arkhangelsk and Yaroslavl.These mushrooms are considered inedible.

The white pike is small - the diameter of the cap varies from 3 to 5 centimeters. The cap is whitish, with age it becomes gray-brown or bluish, its surface is covered with dark-brown or pink-brown fibers.

Most often, white spines grow on beech wood. They are distributed from Western Europe to Siberia, and also grow in North Africa. This mushroom is little known, as it is relatively rare. White rods are edible.

The umber rogue, it is also shady rook, has an average size - the diameter of the cap reaches 10 centimeters. The color of the cap is dark brown or umber. The surface is covered with radial wrinkles and a characteristic tomentose pubescence. These mushrooms are common in Eurasia and North America. They grow on the wood of deciduous trees.

They are relatively rare, but in some places they are quite common. These are conditionally edible mushrooms with bitter flesh. After boiling, the bitterness disappears.

In appearance and distribution area, willow roach differs well from other representatives of the genus.

The lion-yellow pike is characterized by a bright color - the hat is golden yellow or egg yellow. The diameter of the cap reaches 8 centimeters. The lion-yellow singsongs grow in Eurasia and North Africa, meeting mainly in beech and oak forests. These are quite rare mushrooms, but in some regions they can be numerous. Spit lion-yellow is considered edible.

The dwarf rogue has a small size, which is clear from the name. The diameter of the cap reaches 5 centimeters. The color of the cap is from chestnut brown to brown with an olive tint. The cap is covered with a soot-powdery bloom. In the forests of North America and Eurasia, this species is common. Dwarf spits are not edible or have no high nutritional value.

Application in medicine

The considered type of mushroom, like some other representatives of the Pluteev family, is not used in folk medicine, and is also not a raw material for medicines.

Did you know? In summer, in the tundra, mushrooms often grow taller than trees. This is because trees that live in the harsh northern climate are about 20-25 cm tall and slope towards the ground so that mushrooms can rise above them.

Despite this, due to its composition, the white stick can perform the function of daily balancing of the body, improving immunity. Mushroom soups made from it can become a good health remedy during colds.

Description

Willow wicker (Pluteus salicinus), also called willow, belongs to the Plutey family, the Plyutey genus. It also has other names: Agaricus salicinus, as well as Rhodosporus salicinus and Pluteus petasatus. By the way, behind the last name, by mistake, another species may be hidden - a noble rogue.

This rogue is a conditionally edible (according to some sources hallucinogenic) lamellar mushroom. Outwardly, it resembles a hybrid of russula and toadstool.

• the cap in young fruiting bodies is convex, conical-bell-shaped; in adult mushrooms, it is flat-convex or flat-spread. In the middle, you can often see a wide, low tubercle with thin scales. The average diameter is from 2 to 7 cm, but mushrooms up to 8-9 cm in size come across. The hat is thick-fleshed, thinning towards the edge. Gigrofanny, that is, under the influence of moisture, it is capable of swelling. The skin is shiny, fibrous in a circle, with wrinkles. The color varies from grayish-green, gray-bluish to brownish-gray, darker towards the center. Blue or brownish pink may sometimes be present;
• the leg is even, rarely curved, cylindrical, slightly thickened below, fibrous. Length from 3 to 6 cm and diameter from 0.3 to 1 cm. Some individuals have legs up to 12 cm high. Shiny, white or slightly bluish in young mushrooms and olive gray in mature ones. Also, older mushrooms may have gray-green or bluish spots on the surface of the stem. The same spots can appear with pressure;
• the pulp is watery, fragile, grayish or white. When pressed and cut slightly green. The flesh of the leg is loose. Has anise or rare aroma. Sourish taste;
• the plates are thin and frequent, loose, rather small, white, pinkish or cream-colored;
• spores ovoid or in the form of a wide ellipse, smooth, brownish-pink or pinkish.

Definitioner

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Pileipellis

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Pileipellis (Pileipellis)

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Ixokutis

Cutis, consisting of hyphae immersed in mucus. The surface of the cap is oily, slippery or slimy.

Lat. Ixocutis.

See Cutis, Gifa.

Cutis

The type of cap skin, consists of creeping non-gelatinized hyphae located parallel to the surface. The surface of the cap looks smooth.

Lat. Cutis.

See Gifa.

Useful properties of deer spit

When it comes to human health, it is worth thinking not only about external factors that can negatively affect it. In most cases, it is proper nutrition that is able to solve many problems in case of poor health in the patient. The reindeer roach is interesting in that it copes with the following pathologies:

• Thrombosis treatment ... This mushroom is able to break down fibrinogen, reducing its performance to the norm established by doctors. In case of inactivity, there may be a threat of failure of the hemostasis system and the formation of fertile soil for the formation of blood clots.
• Diet use ... The low calorie content of the mushroom will allow you to keep your weight normal in the absence of a feeling of hunger in humans.
• Oncological diseases ... With this severe pathology, extracts from the deer's spit, which contain a large amount of complex polysaccharides and sulfur, help.

In some cases, mushrooms that do not attract the consumer with their visual qualities should not be excluded from your menu. Doctors consider the extract from this product to be one of the main ingredients in the fight against cancer.

Types of mushroom plyutei

Deer roach (Pluteus cervinus)

Also known as deer mushroom. Medium to large size, with a cap diameter of 4-10 cm, sometimes up to 20 cm.The surface is smooth, silky, fibrous, cracks in mature mushrooms, becomes dry or slightly mucous, gray or grayish brown, sometimes the color changes from fawn to dark brown and black. The length of the leg reaches 15 cm, the shape is cylindrical, curved, swollen at the base, the structure is dense, solid, the color is white or whitish-gray.

Deer roach is a cosmopolitan mushroom that is found all over the world, growing on the wood of deciduous and coniferous trees.

Edible mushroom.

White corkscrew (Pluteus pellitus)

The cap is 3-5 cm in diameter, finely fleshy, with a tubercle in the center, the edge is torn, lobed. The surface is smooth, whitish in color, gradually acquires a grayish, grayish-brown or bluish color in the center, covered with pink or brown fibers. The length of the leg is up to 6 cm, its surface is shiny, fibrous.

Distributed in Eurasia from Western Europe to Western Siberia, and in northern Africa, a rare species. Grows on beech wood.

Little known edible mushroom.

Pluteus lion-yellow (Pluteus leoninus)

The cap is up to 8 cm in diameter, the shape is bell-shaped or flat-convex, there is a tubercle in the center, the edge is serrated. The surface is bare along the edge, velvety in the center, finely scaly, bright yellow, dark in the center. The leg is up to 7 cm long, about 1 cm in diameter, smooth, white with a yellow base.

The species is widespread in Eurasia, in northern Africa, where it grows in oak and beech forests, and is rare.

Edible mushroom.

Umber roast (Pluteus umbrosus)

The mushroom is medium in size, with a cap diameter of up to 10 cm. The cap is tomentose, wrinkled, whitish or dark brown, the edge is serrated, fibrous. Leg up to 10 cm in length, whitish or brownish, longitudinally fibrous, scaly.

The species grows in Eurasia and North America, on the wood of deciduous trees, a rare species.

Conditionally edible mushroom, as its pulp is bitter, but during boiling the bitterness disappears.

Poisonous and inedible species of mushroom plyuch

Plutey noble (Pluteus petasatus)

The cap reaches 15 cm in diameter. Its color is light, from whitish to ocher, the surface is silky, shiny, dry, rarely slimy, in the center it is covered with small brownish scales.

The species is found in Eurasia from Western Europe to the Far East, as well as in North America, but it is a rare species and is included in the Red Data Books of the Yaroslavl and Arkhangelsk regions of Russia. Grows in deciduous and mixed forests on beech, oak, poplar wood.

Inedible mushroom.

Scaly corkscrew (Pluteus ephebeus)

The mushroom is medium in size, the diameter of the cap is about 9 cm, the leg is 10 cm long. The surface of the cap is fibrous, grayish-brown, covered with scales in the center, cracking. The stem is whitish, shiny, smooth, with grooves.

Rare view. Grows on the wood of deciduous trees, distributed in Eurasia and North Africa.

Inedible mushroom.

Dwarf clown (Pluteus nanus)

The hat does not exceed 5 cm in diameter, the surface is velvety, wrinkled, brownish or chestnut-brown in color with a green tint, covered with a coating. Leg up to 5 cm long, light, with a yellowish or brown tint, smooth, shiny, fibrous.

The species is common in deciduous forests of Eurasia and North America.

Inedible mushroom.

Willow roach (Pluteus salicinus)

The diameter of the cap is up to 7 cm, the structure is thick-fleshed, the shape is from bell-shaped to flat-spread, with a tubercle. The edge is finely fleshy. The surface is shiny, wrinkled, covered with scales in the center, grayish or ash-gray with a bluish or pinkish-brown tint, darker in the center. Leg up to 12 cm long, shiny, bluish or grayish-olive.

Grows on wood of willow, alder, poplar, oak, beech. Found in Eurasia, North Africa and North America, a rare species.

Hallucinogenic mushroom.

In addition, there are genera of mushrooms with fruiting bodies similar to spits. One of them is entoloma, for which poisonous species are known. These mushrooms are distinguished by the fact that their plates are either narrowly adherent or creeping down, but they are never free, like that of a spit.

In the Rhodocybe fungi of the entolomaceae family, the plates are adherent and descending, the cap is with a depression in the center, and their spores are ornamented.

The clitopils have a depression on the cap, the plates are descending, the spores are striped.

Description of the dwarf spit

The cap diameter of this small mushroom is 2-5 centimeters. The hat of the dwarf spit is thin fleshy. Its shape is semicircular or conical, but with age it opens up to a prostrate with a clearly visible tubercle in the center.

The surface of the cap is fine-fibred, velvety, with radial wrinkles in the center. The color of the cap is from chestnut brown to brown with an olive tint, darker in the center. The cap is covered with a soot-powdery bloom. The edges of the cap are so thin that they show through.

The flesh is whitish in color; at a break, its color does not change. The pulp has a pleasant taste and a weak mushroom smell. Spores are broadly ellipsoid or almost spherical, smooth. The plates are often located, wide, free. The color of the plates is whitish-pink, pink or brownish-pink, and the edges remain white.

The length of the leg does not exceed 3-5 centimeters, with a thickness of 0.2-0.4 centimeters. Its shape is cylindrical. The leg is located in the center. Its lower part expands noticeably. The surface of the leg is grayish, slightly yellowish or whitish, with age it becomes brownish. The stem is longitudinally fibrous, shiny. There are no remnants of the bedspread on the leg.

Places of growth of dwarf spit

Dwarf spits are saprotrophic fungi, they settle on the remains of wood and stumps, giving preference to deciduous tree species. They can be found in mixed forests as well as in parks.

Dwarf spits bear fruit from July to October. They are widespread in Europe and Asia, and are also known in North America. Dwarf spits are often found; for many regions, these mushrooms are a common species.

Other mushrooms of this genus

The umber roaster is distinguished by a very fleshy and thick cap. Its diameter can be up to 10 centimeters. At first, the shape of the cap is semicircular, but over time it becomes prostrate. There is a small tubercle in its central part. The color of the cap varies from whitish to dark brown. The hat is covered with a mesh or felt pattern. The edges of the cap are hazel-gray with a scalloped fringe of hairs. In the center of the cap is a cylindrical leg, which becomes thicker at the bottom. The leg is quite dense, solid inside. The color of the leg is brown or off-white.

Umber spits are found from July to September. The peak of fruiting occurs at the end of August, when these mushrooms are found in large quantities.

They grow in broadleaf and mixed forests. They prefer rotting stumps and wood. They grow singly or in small groups. This mushroom is conditionally edible.Among fellow rogues, the umber is the largest and most respectable.

Deer mushroom or deer mushroom is an edible representative of the genus. The hats are initially convex in shape, and then become flat with a tubercle in the central part. The diameter of the cap is 5-15 centimeters. The color of the cap is light brown or dark brown. The leg of the deer's spit is long, fleshy, thin, its structure is flaky-fibrous.

These mushrooms appear in early May and bear fruit until autumn. They grow in dead wood, on stumps and in the soil. Deer mushroom is not only edible, but also delicious.

False doubles

Most of them belong to rather safe and low-toxic mushrooms. The most similar species and the level of their edibility are shown in the table.

Primary processing

Many mushrooms, including mushrooms, are recommended to be thoroughly washed. To do this, the fruit bodies are briefly placed in cold water, preferably with salt (it will help get rid of small insects and parasites). After that, it is advisable to clean off the top coarse layer of the leg. In older specimens, it is recommended to remove the darkened plates located under the cap.

The mushroom does not require soaking for a long time, moreover, some people find it attractive to eat it raw.

However, such experiments should be handled with caution, as roasting can lead to problems with the digestive tract (or aggravate them). Do not forget about the possibility of latent allergic reactions.

It is contraindicated for nursing mothers and children under 12 years of age.

Composition, taste assessment and recipes

Reindeer roach mushroom is edible, but it is ranked only in the fourth nutritional value category.

In other words, it must be used with extreme caution and pretreated.

Taste and aroma qualities are rather modest. You can find both positive and negative reviews. The mushroom is disliked for the tastelessness and wateriness of the pulp. Also, many note the presence of a not very pleasant radish smell, which does not disappear even after prolonged processing.

Nevertheless, some substances beneficial to the body have been found in the spit, such as:

1. Vitamins. Some researchers report the presence of B, C, and D groups in fruits, and in large quantities. Pluteus cervinus can compete with beef liver in terms of its vitamin content.
2. Lecithin. Natural fighter against cholesterol and a remedy for the overall health of the body.
3. Enzymes. Substances related to dietary supplements. Although their value has not yet been scientifically proven.

It works well for the following dishes:

1. Beef stroganoff. Dried mushrooms crushed into crumbs are used. Meat breaded in flour is fried with sour cream and onions, adding mushroom powder to this mixture.
2. Soup. Stewed vegetables and chopped spits are used as a base. The mixture is fried and then added to the broth.
3. Marinated mushrooms. To prepare the dish, the fruits are peeled and the top layer of the cap is removed from them. Next, they must be boiled in salted water with spices. After that, the product is placed in a sterile container, tamped and poured with vinegar and broth remaining after cooking.

White clue: photo and description

See what the rogue looks like in the photo:

In the photo, White Plyutey

More recently, research by biologists has shown that some subspecies have a small dose of the glucinogenic component. Therefore, the use of such mushrooms for cooking is highly questionable.

There are several subspecies:

• deer;
• White;
• scaly;
• noble;
• willow.

The mushroom can be used for food. Another name is lashes of kuchkovaty. You can meet him in Europe, Japan, China, Primorye and Siberia. Some specimens have been found in the states of the northern part of the African continent.

Main external characteristics:

1. The lower part is up to 12 cm long, its thickness is within 1-2 cm. It is filled with pulp with fibers, white. The leg is smooth and firm. Volvo and ring are undetectable.
2. The upper part is up to 12 cm in diameter, fragile, finely fleshy. On a young mushroom, the cap resembles a half of a sphere, then it opens up, a low blunt tubercle forms. It is fibrous, silky, white, sometimes with scales closer to the center.
3. The plates are high, loose, white or slightly pinkish. But this shade appears in old mushrooms. The young have white plates.
4. The pulp is white, soft. On the cut, it does not change color, without a pronounced odor. Near the cap, its color becomes close to yellow.

The mushroom itself does not have a distinct smell or taste.

Grows in gardens, forest plantations and vegetable gardens. Appears from May to November. On wood residues, on the lawn in places where there was mulching with sawdust, it often grows in mulched beds.

There are no poisonous mushrooms similar to rods without a ring and without a Volvo. But some mushroom pickers talk about similarities with a subspecies from the same Pluteyev family - orange-powerful.

It requires boiling for 15 minutes, which makes the mushroom suitable for further use. White stick can be used in second courses and for pickling.

It is not used in medical practice.