Webcap camphor

Classification and representatives

Main article: Taxa of the genus Spiderweb

On the basis of macroscopic, microscopic and chemical characters, the genus is divided into 4-7 taxa, which were previously considered as subgenera or sections; in new systems, subgenera are divided into a large number of sections.

In 1821 E. Fries divided the genus into 6 subgenera: Myxacium, Phlegmacium, Inoloma (= Cortinarius sensu stricto), Dermocybe, Telamonia and Hydrocybe... Moser in 1955, taking the Fries system as a basis, identified 5 independent genera, but he (together with Singer) in 1962 again lowered their rank to subgenera, with changes in their composition.This classification is also adopted in new systems, but the assignment of species to subgenera can vary considerably among different authors.

Cortinarius - one of the largest genera of the Agarikov order. Different authors indicate a different number of species in the genus, usually up to 700, but according to the most complete edition - "Dictionary of mushrooms", the number of species exceeds 2000.

Subgenera (according to Nezdoyminy (1996), corresponds to the Moser - Singer system (1962)):

• Phlegmacium (Fr.) Fr.
• Sericeocybe P.D. Orton
• Myxacium (Fr.) Loud.
• Telamonia (Fr.) Loud.
• Leprocybe Mos.
• Cortinarius
• Dermocybe (Fr.) Sacc.

Some species:

What can be confused with the purple rowing

At first glance, it seems that the bright purple or lilac color of the mushroom makes it completely unique in appearance. But this is not so, there are many rows with a purple leg and false doubles, and the mushroom can easily be confused with both edible and toxic doubles.

Blue-legged, or lepistal-legged

This conditionally edible mushroom is similar to cyanosis in its external structure; it has a fleshy, slightly convex cap with a lamellar lower surface and a purple leg. However, there are important differences - the mushroom cap is much lighter and closer to white. In addition, a false purple row, or bluefoot, grows in warm subtropical regions, mainly in fields and meadows, and it can be found already from mid-spring.

Violet Lepista

Another conditionally edible lamellar mushroom grows in temperate climates and is found mainly in forests. The cap of the violet lepista is convex, its edges are uneven.However, the color of the mushroom is not purple, but rather pinkish brown or whitish. In addition, the flesh of this species of Lepista gives off a distinct violet scent at the break.

Lilac varnish

The fungus is classified as conditionally edible and grows in temperate climates from early summer to mid-autumn. The lacquer is similar to a purple ryadovka in its shade, at a young age it is bright purple, as it grows it turns pale and fades. Also, the mushroom has a flattened fleshy cap with a slight bulge in the center, and the underside of the cap is covered with thin plates.

However, a photo of a purple false row allows you to distinguish it from a real mushroom. The difference is primarily in size - varnish usually reaches no more than 5 cm in diameter and belongs to miniature mushrooms.

Purple spider web

This conditionally edible mushroom from the Webinnikov family of the same name grows in coniferous and deciduous forest plantations in a temperate climate. It looks like a young purple ryadovka in the shape of a hat, but usually has a darker color - deep purple or brownish, the same color and a plate on the underside of its cap.

The purple flesh of the cobweb gives off a nutty aroma, not a fruity one. The leg of the mushroom noticeably thickens in the lower part, and you can also notice traces of a coverlet on it, similar to a light cobweb.

Important! The purple spider web is a fungus listed in the Red Book, so you can rarely find it in the forests.

White and purple spider web

This mushroom from the Webinnikov family belongs to the category of inedible, it cannot be eaten. The convex or bell-shaped cap of the mushroom reaches 8 cm in diameter, and the webcap can rise 8 cm above the ground on the leg.

You can distinguish an inedible mushroom from a purple ryadovka not only by its shade, but also by its pulp - in the cobweb it is soft, quickly turning brown in the cut, and at the same time it emits a noticeable smell of mold.

Goat webcap

One more inedible mushroom has a convex hemispherical cap up to 6-12 cm in diameter and with a thick short stalk with a thickening near the ground. The goat webcap has a bluish-purple tint of the leg and cap, its flesh is grayish-purple. The peak of fruiting occurs at the end of summer, and the mushroom can be found in conifers and mixed plantings of the middle lane until the beginning of October.

You can distinguish a poisonous purple ryadovka mushroom from a real edible one both in color and shape, and in smell. The inedible mushroom emits an unpleasant aroma of acetylene and does not at all make you want to taste the pulp.

Pure mycene

The hemispherical cap of a miniature inedible mushroom can reach 4 cm in diameter, and the mycenae can rise by 9 cm above the ground.It vaguely resembles a row, but much thinner and smaller in size, the color of the mycena is more grayish than lilac, sometimes pale brown. Its pulp is also gray or pale gray, watery and with a distinct unpleasant odor. When the mycene breaks, it secretes a very large amount of milky juice.

Pure mycene differs from the purple ryadovka not only in external features. It is difficult to confuse the species due to the different growing dates - the rowing refers to autumn mushrooms, while the inedible mycene is found in temperate climates from early spring to the end of June.

What does a poisonous spiderweb mushroom look like (with photo)

The name spiderweb means a genus of mushrooms of the family of the same name. Among mushroom pickers, the popular name pribolotnik is quite common, which reflects the peculiarities of the growth of the fungus. The mushroom got its main name due to the fact that at the junction of the leg and the cap it has a kind of cobweb, which practically disappears as it grows.

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Interestingly, in appearance, different types of spider webs differ quite strongly, and novice mushroom pickers can take them for completely different families.There are fruit bodies of both classical shape and mushrooms with spherical and conical caps. The surface can be either dry or slimy, with a smooth or scaly texture. The color of the hats is also quite varied: yellow, orange, brown-red, burgundy and even white-violet.

Cobwebs grow alone, but more often in families from 10 to 30 pieces. They should be looked for in the lowlands, and they are collected mainly at the end of summer and until the onset of the first autumn frosts (late October in the European part of the country and the second half of September in Siberia).

Cobweb lazy Cobweb lazy

Goat webcap Common webcap

Lazy webcap (Cortinarius bolaris)

Lazy webcap in the photo

The mushroom is inedible. Caps up to 3-8 cm, at first hemispherical, then convex and finally open, clay-yellow, densely covered with large red or red-orange scales. In young mushrooms, the scales are glued to the surface of the cap; the yellow color of the surface is visible only as small gaps between the red scales.

In mature mushrooms, the scales diverge along the surface of the cap and lag behind it at the edge. The plates are clay-yellow, then brown, turn red when damaged. Leg 5-7 cm long, 5-15 mm thick, cylindrical, reddish-fibrous, often scaly, like a cap. The pulp is whitish with a brownish tinge. Spore powder yellow-green.

Grows in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests on acidic soil.

Fruiting from August to September.

Goat webcap (Cortinarius traganus)

The goat webcap grows very abundantly in deciduous and coniferous forests

Goat webcap in the photo

The mushroom is inedible. Massive caps 3–12 cm, at first, spherical and lilac, then hemispherical and, finally, open ocher, with a fringed edge. The plates are buffy-yellow with a violet tinge, later brownish-ocher. The leg is lilac or yellow, with scales, 5-10 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, with an extension at the bottom. The pulp of young mushrooms is white-blue, then ocher with an unpleasant "goat" smell of acetylene.

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The goat spider web has no poisonous counterparts.

Common webcap (Cortinarius triviah)

Common webcap in the photo

The edibility of the mushroom is questionable. Caps up to 5-8 cm, at first hemispherical, then convex or open, mucous yellow-rusty-brown, dry straw-yellow Plates are white-gray with a violet tinge, later rusty brown. Leg yellow or bluish, 8-12 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, covered with mucus in the upper part, with dark belts in the lower part. The pulp is light, whitish-buffy, in old mushrooms with a weak unpleasant odor.

It looks like an inedible slimy spider web (Cortinarius mucosus) with a white leg.

Definitioner

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Pileipellis

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Cutis

The type of cap skin, consists of creeping non-gelatinized hyphae located parallel to the surface. The surface of the cap looks smooth.

Lat. Cutis.

See Gifa.

Blood red webcap, Cortinarus sanguineus

Cap: Relatively small (3-5 cm in diameter), bell-shaped in youth, gradually opens, while maintaining a central bulge; As the mushroom ages, the edges of the cap often crack, especially in dry weather. The color is very noticeable, dark red, practically does not change with age. The surface of the cap is leathery, silky or finely scaly, leathery, which is typical of the subgenus (or genus) Dermocybe. The flesh of the cap is dark red, with an invigorating scent of radish or horseradish.

Plates: Adherent toothed, frequent, narrow, with noticeable "streaks" on the periphery, cap color or somewhat darker if the cap has suddenly faded. In young mushrooms, they are covered with a scanty spiderweb veil of the same blood-red color, which, however, quickly disappears.

Spore powder: Rusty brown.

Leg: 3-10 cm in height (especially if it grows in mosses) and up to 0.5 cm in thickness, cylindrical, relatively flat, solid. Depending on the growing conditions, it can be noticeably curved. The color is close to the cap, but in the lower part, near the ground, it can be much lighter. The remains of the cortina in adult specimens, as a rule, are not visible.

Distribution: Cortinarus sanguineus occurs relatively infrequently in coniferous forests, forming mycorrhiza, apparently with pine, in September-October. Preferring wet areas, it often settles in mosses, only barely looking out of them.

Similar species: Cortinarius semisanguineus, called in Russian "blood-reddish webcap", is slightly similar to the bloody webcap. That is, he is similar, as a close relative is similar - the similarity is obvious, but it is impossible to confuse. Unless the plates are of the same color. Another of the subgenus Dermocybe is conceptually very close to Cortinarius uliginosus, a marsh spider web, but you cannot confuse it either - it is not red, but entirely rusty-red. So we can say with full responsibility that the blood-red spider web is a mushroom that is completely recognizable.

Edible: Edible mushrooms are said to be non-existent in the genus Dermocybe. And Cortinarus sanguineus is poisonous at all, although it is unclear how serious it is.

Author's notes: Mushrooms, formerly classified in the genus Dermocybe, are the most recognizable among modern spiderwebs. Upon learning that this genus had been abolished and enrolled in the genus Cortinarius, I was very offended by the mycologists. How is it possible - to take a group of mushrooms, which has a natural and obvious order to all, and pour it into this mess of cobwebs? As soon as the hand went up?

But even now the genus Dermocybe is a "kingdom within a kingdom," and the blood-red webcap is, without a doubt, the king of this kingdom. Or even better - the first among equals.After all, if you take all the relatives, it immediately catches your eye - they are created on the same platform, like modern golf-class cars. It's just that the blood-red webcap was the first.

Description of the mushroom

Pribolotnik purple or lilac cobweb - these are the names that can be heard among amateurs and scientists. Latin names and synonyms: Cortinarius violaceus, Agaricus violaceus and Gomphos violaceus. The mushroom belongs to the Spiderweb genus of the Spiderweb family.

The cap grows on average up to 10 cm in diameter, the largest specimens are 15 cm. Convex, cushion-shaped as it grows, it becomes prostrate in old ones. With age, the edge also becomes wavy. The surface is purple, felt with scales.

The hymenophore (bottom of the cap) consists of plates, pronged to the stem. They are sparsely located, rather wide, purple. Spores are brownish, slightly rusty.

The flesh in the section does not change, has a purple or bluish color, often grayish. There is no smell, sometimes there is a nutty flavor.

The leg can reach 12 cm in height, and its thickness is no more than 2 cm. The top is covered with scales, expands downward in the form of a tuber. The color is purple, brownish, fibrous pulp.

The mushroom is listed in the Red Book of Russia. It is found in the European part and the Far East, in Siberia, Tomsk and Chelyabinsk regions, Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is considered a rare species, not fully understood.

A bit of history

The first to describe the purple spiderweb mushroom was the British explorer Samuel Frederick Gray. He was engaged not only in the study of botany, but also in pharmacology and chemistry.

Poisoning symptoms, first aid

The main toxic substance in its composition is orellanin. This compound affects the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal system and the kidneys. The danger of this poison lies in its delayed action. From the moment the fruiting body is eaten until the first symptoms appear, it takes from 12 to 14 days.

The symptoms of poisoning are as follows:

• intense thirst;
• abdominal pain;
• a feeling of dryness and burning in the mouth;
• vomit.

Orellanin intoxication can last from several days to six months. In this case, you should immediately consult a doctor. If this is not done in time, the likelihood of death is high.

In a medical institution, various measures should be taken to remove the toxin from the body, up to artificial dialysis. But even they cannot guarantee successful treatment, since orellanins practically do not dissolve and are not excreted from the body. In some cases, death can occur even after several months of treatment.

Attention! In fact, this means that there is no such treatment. Therefore, the best way to avoid such poisoning is to prevent the collection and consumption of these mushrooms.

Webcap camphor: photo and description

The camphor webcap (Cortinarius camphoratus) is a lamellar mushroom from the Spiderweb family and the Spiderweb genus. First described in 1774 by Jacob Schaeffer, a German botanist, and named amethyst champignon. Its other names:

• champignon pale purple, from 1783, A. Batsh;
• camphor champignon, since 1821;
• goat's webcap, since 1874;
• amethyst cobweb, L. Kele.

What does a camphor webcap look like?

A feature of this type of fruiting bodies is a cap that is even, as if carved along a compass. The mushroom grows to a medium-sized size.

Group in a pine forest

Description of the hat

The hat is spherical or umbrella-shaped. In young specimens, it is more rounded, with bent edges pulled together by a veil.In adulthood, it straightens, becoming almost straight, with a gentle elevation in the center. The surface is dry, velvety, covered with longitudinal soft fibers. Diameter from 2.5-4 to 8-12 cm.

The color is uneven, with spots and longitudinal stripes, which changes markedly with age. The center is darker, the edges are lighter. The young camphor spider web has a delicate amethyst, light purple color with pale grayish veins. As it matures, it changes to a lavender, almost white, retaining a darker, brownish-purple spot in the middle of the cap.

The pulp is dense, fleshy, colored with alternating white-lilac layers or lavender. Over-olds have a reddish-buffy tint. The plates of the hymenophore are frequent, of different sizes, toothed-accreted, in the early stages of growth, covered with a spider's white-gray veil. In young specimens, they have a pale lilac color, which changes to brown-sandy or ocher. The spore powder is brown.

On the edges of the cap and on the leg, reddish-buffy cobweb-like remains of the bedspread are noticeable

Leg description

The camphor webcap has a dense, fleshy, cylindrical leg, slightly widening towards the root, straight or slightly curved. The surface is smooth, velvety-felt, there are longitudinal scales. The color is uneven, lighter than the cap, white-purple or lilac. Covered with a white downy bloom. The length of the leg is from 3-6 cm to 8-15 cm, the diameter is from 1 to 3 cm.

Where and how it grows

The camphor webcap is common throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Habitat - Europe (British Isles, France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Poland, Belgium) and North America. It is also found in Russia, in the northern taiga regions, in Tatarstan, Tver and Tomsk regions, in the Urals and in Karelia.

The camphor webcap grows in spruce forests and next to fir, in coniferous and mixed forests. Usually the colony is represented by a small group of 3-6 specimens freely scattered over the territory. More numerous formations can be seen occasionally. The mycelium bears fruit from late August to October, remaining in one place for several years.

Doubles and their differences

The camphor webcap can be confused with other purple-colored Cortinarius species.

The webcap is white and purple. Conditionally edible mushroom of poor quality. The pulp has an unpleasant musty odor. Its color is lighter, and it is inferior in size to camphor.

The characteristic feature is a club-shaped stem

Goat or goat's webcap. Poisonous. It has a pronounced tuberous stem.

This species is also called smelly because of the indescribable aroma.

The webcap is silvery. Inedible. It is distinguished by a light-colored, almost white, with a bluish tint, a cap.

Inhabits deciduous and mixed forests from August to October

The webcap is blue. Inedible. Differs in a bluer shade of color.

This species prefers to settle next to a birch

Conclusion

The camphor webcap is a toxic lamellar fungus with an unpleasant smelling pulp. It lives everywhere in the Northern Hemisphere, in coniferous and mixed forests, forming mycorrhiza with spruce and fir. It grows from September to October. Has inedible counterparts from the blue Webcaps. You cannot eat it.