Non-covering grape varieties for the Urals and Siberia

The benefits and harms of mushrooms

Nameko mushrooms are used not only for culinary but also for medicinal purposes. This is due to the fact that mushrooms contain a large amount of vitamins, saturated fatty acids, carbohydrates and anticoagulants. The nutritional value of this product is 22 kcal per 100 g.

The popularity of Nameko is explained by the beneficial properties of these mushrooms:

• anti-inflammatory effect;
• strengthening the immune system;
• stabilization of hemoglobin synthesis;
• accelerated elimination of toxic substances from the body;
• stabilization of thyroid function;
• improvement of the circulatory system;
• thinning blood;
• antioxidant activity;
• prevention of the development of thrombophlebitis and varicose veins.

The mushrooms contain a large amount of vitamins, saturated fatty acids, carbohydrates and anticoagulants.

These fruiting bodies have the ability to lower blood sugar levels, and a large amount of B and D vitamins allows the body to quickly recover from viral pathologies. Therefore, these well-known and very useful mushrooms are often recommended to be included in your diet not only by nutritionists, but also by medical specialists.

There is also harm from Nameko mushrooms if you use the product without taking into account contraindications. Among them:

• dyskinesia of the biliary tract;
• severe pathologies of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract;
• pancreatitis;
• age under 5 years old;
• bearing a fetus;
• hypersensitivity to product ingredients.

To avoid complications, it is recommended to consult with your doctor before using Chinese mushrooms.

It is contraindicated for pregnant women to eat Chinese honey mushrooms.

Where grow

Most often, gray mushrooms are found in the Northern Hemisphere, in regions with a temperate climate. They grow in forests with conifers, but sometimes they can also be seen in mixed woodlands. Among deciduous trees, poppy pseudo-froth rarely grows.

In most cases, these fungal bodies are found on tree stumps, rotting tree trunks and roots in lowlands and hills. Mushroom pickers collect them from early summer to late autumn, but the peak of ripening of fruit bodies occurs in September-October. False heaps prefer to settle in large clusters, single fruiting bodies rarely grow.

Some varieties of fungi form a symbiosis (mycorrhiza) with plants, and the gray-lamellar type pseudo-weavers act as symbiotes. Their myceliums go deeper into the root system of plants and provide constant nutrition to the fungal bodies.

For plants, this union is also useful, since the roots of false hoofs deliver minerals from the soil to their rhizomes. As a result, the pines grow tall and powerful. However, if gray mushrooms grow on unhealthy trees, then the latter die.

Sulfur-lamellar mushrooms reproduce through spores

Mokruha is spotty, pink and sticky

Mokruha spotted is a high-yielding edible lamellar mushroom that grows in small groups from the second half of July to early October. It is most often found in coniferous, especially spruce and mixed forests, where it selects areas of soil overgrown with a thick layer of moss, and rare thickets of shrubs.

The cap of the mushroom is initially convex, but in the process of growth it flattens a little, and its edges are bent down. The diameter of the cap is about 5 cm. The surface is smooth, moist, wrapped in a thin but dense mucous blanket. It is painted gray with a lilac-yellow tint, on which black spots are clearly visible. Spore-bearing plates are wide, thick, dark gray in color. The leg is rounded, straight, about 7 cm high and no more than 1 cm in diameter. Its surface is smooth, slimy, grayish at the cap, yellow at the base, completely covered with dark spots.The peduncle has a characteristic mucous ring in the center. The pulp is thick, soft, fleshy, odorless, first white and then brownish. On contact with air, it becomes pinkish.

Mokruha pink is a rare edible lamellar mushroom that grows singly and in small groups from early August to early October. Favorite habitats are coniferous forests, especially young pine plantations, and moist areas of soil.

The cap of this type of mokruha is convex, but over time it flattens, and its edges are bent upwards and from even become wavy. The diameter of the cap is 5 cm. Its surface is smooth, slimy, sticky after rain, painted pinkish-gray. In hot dry summers it fade to almost white. Spore-bearing plates are wide, descending, at first white, and then lilac or reddish gray. In young mushrooms, the underside of the cap is covered with a cobweb blanket. As the fungus grows, the veil breaks, and as a result, only a mucous ring on the leg remains of it. The stem is rounded, thinner at the base, about 4 cm high and about 1 cm in diameter. Its surface is smooth, moist, white or pink, but in any case brown at the base. The pulp is thick, fleshy, soft, odorless.

Mokruha pink belongs to the fourth category of mushrooms.

It can be used for food freshly picked and for harvesting pickled, salted for the winter, including with other mushrooms. After boiling the mokruha pink turns black.

Mokruha sticky has a cap 4-10 cm in diameter. The cap is initially convex, then prostrate, slightly depressed in the center, from gray-brown to chocolate-brown, sometimes with a violet tinge, smooth, slimy, along the edge with remnants of a mucous private veil, with an easily removable skin. The leg is 5-10 × 1-2 cm, cylindrical, slimy, with a slimy, rapidly disappearing ring, whitish, lemon-yellow in the lower part, later gray or brownish. The pulp is white, sometimes slightly pinkish, yellowish at the base of the leg, with a non-pungent taste and no special smell. The plates are descending, arched, thick, sparse, whitish at first, then gray-brown or purple-brown. The spore powder is dark brown. Spores 18-23 × 5-6 µm, fusiform, smooth, dark purple-brown.

Growth. It grows on soil, often in moss in coniferous (pine and spruce) forests, often in small groups.

Fruiting. July to October.

Usage. Little known edible mushroom. It looks unappetizing, as it is covered with mucous skin. This skin is peeled off before eating. Young fruiting bodies are suitable for all types of culinary processing, especially for pickling.

Differences. It has no resemblance to poisonous mushrooms.

The photo shows different types of moss, with the description of which you have read on this page:

Edible mushroom: Purple loam (photo)

Edible mushroom: Mokruha pink (photo)

Edible mushroom: Spruce bark (photo)

Similar species

The gray-lamellar pseudo-foam can often be mistaken for other fungi of the genus Gifoloma:

• Sulfur-yellow pseudo-foam (Hypholoma fasciculare) - refers to poisonous mushrooms,
• Galerina marginata - deadly poisonous,
• The brick-red false frog (Hypholoma sublateritium), nicknamed for its color, is not considered poisonous, but it is not edible either;
• Summer honey fungus Kuehneromyces mutabilis.

The characteristic differences of this particular species are the light-colored pulp, the shade of the plates from fawn to smoky gray depends on the age of the mushroom, there is no bitterness and unpleasant odor. A sulfur-yellow honey fungus, for example, has green plates, a sulfur-yellow pulp and a sulfur-yellow cap. The gallerina has brownish plates, a spore powder of the color of rust. In summer honey fungus, the flesh is watery, yellow-brown in color. The brick-red honey fungus has a yellowish flesh, rather dense, it tastes bitter, the cap is red-brown.

More information on the topic:

Pseudo-lamellar or poppy (Latin Hypholoma capnoides) is an edible mushroom from the genus Hypholoma of the Strophariaceae family.

Cap of seroplate honeydew:

A diameter of 3-7 cm, from hemispherical in the youngest mushrooms to convex-outstretched at maturity, often with remnants of a private veil along the edges. The cap itself is hygrophane, its color strongly depends on humidity: in dry mushrooms it is dull yellow with a more saturated middle, in wet mushrooms it becomes brighter, light brown. As it dries, it begins to brighten symmetrically from the edges. The flesh of the cap is thin, whitish, with a faint odor of dampness.

Plates:

Frequent, adherent, white-yellowish in young fruit bodies, acquiring the characteristic color of poppy seeds as they grow older.

The peduncle of the gray-lamellar mushroom:

5-10 cm in height, 0.3 - 0.8 cm in thickness, cylindrical, often curved, with a rapidly disappearing ring, yellow in the upper part, rusty brown in the lower part.

Spreading:

The gray-lamellar honey agaric bears fruit from mid-August to the end of October on pine stumps, dead wood, less often on the litter around old trees, possibly on rotting roots. It grows like a "honey agaric", in large intergrowths, meeting, perhaps, not so often, but quite abundantly.

Similar species:

Several common species of the genus Hypholoma, as well as, in some cases, summer mushroom, Kuehneromyces mutabilis, are similar to the seroplate mushroom. Even without knowing the mushroom, it is only by formal signs that Hypholoma capnoides can be distinguished from the sulfur-yellow honey fungus (Hypholoma fasciculare): the one has green plates, and the gray-plastic one has poppy-gray. The rooted hypholoma (Hypholoma radicosum) mentioned in some sources, in my opinion, is completely different.

Edibility:

Has a reputation for being a good edible mushroom. In my opinion, it is very similar to the summer mushroom; old specimens take on a musty, raw taste.

Description of seroplate pseudo-foam

The cap of this type of mushroom has a diameter of 2-8 cm. Its color depends on the moisture and age of the mushroom body: in dry mushrooms it is light yellow with a rich center, in wet mushrooms it is light brown. There is a whitish film on the plates.

In adult mushrooms, the cap evens out, and its shade changes to orange-brown with dark blotches. At the same time, the film breaks down and hangs on the body in the form of whitish flakes. In wet weather, the surface of the cap becomes sticky.

Gray-lamellar pseudo-foam can have a straight or slightly curved stem, on which there are practically no rings. Its upper part is colored light yellow, and the lower part is brown.

The flesh of the mushroom cap is thin, white or light yellow, almost odorless. However, old mushroom bodies are distinguished by a pronounced odor of moisture. Spores are gray-blue in color.

In most cases, these mushroom bodies are found on tree stumps.

Other varieties

The following frost-resistant grapes are successfully grown in the Urals and the northern regions:

1. In memory of Dombkovskaya. A vigorous shrub with large clusters. It tolerates frost well and is immune to fungal diseases.

Homeland. A vigorous, highly productive variety. The bunches are loose, small. Fruits are dark blue, rounded. The pulp is fragrant, sweetish.

Victoria. Bunches - loose, massive, up to 700 g. Berries - elongated, large, red-crimson. The pulp is sweetish. Withstands cold down to -27 ° C, resistant to many major diseases.

Amethyst. The vine is able to regenerate in case of frost damage. The bunches are cylindrical. The berries are purple, with a sweet and sour taste and a slight nutmeg undertone. Not affected by fungal diseases.

Similar species

This type of mushroom can be confused with other members of the Gifoloma genus. Most similar species:

1. Brick red false froth. This mushroom got this name for its specific color. The fruit body is not poisonous, however, it is not customary to eat it.The peculiarity of the brick-red variety is that its plates are yellow in color. The flesh is dense and bitter in taste, so dishes made from brick-red mushroom are not particularly appetizing.
2. Sulfur-yellow false froth. Refers to poisonous mushrooms. It differs from other subspecies in a yellow cap and greenish plates. If it is eaten, then after 1-6 hours nausea, profuse sweating and fainting occur. It can grow both on stumps and rotten deadwood, and on the ground. At the same time, the mushroom equally often chooses both coniferous and deciduous tree species. In forests, it occurs from late spring to late autumn.
3. Bordered gallerina (Marginata Galerina). It is considered the most dangerous of all mushrooms that look like a gray-lamellar false mushroom. It is distinguished by a spore powder of a rusty shade and brownish plates. Contains amatoxins in its pulp, which are fatal in 90% of cases when poisoned. It is most often found in forests with conifers, on the roots and in the lower part of the trunks. Sometimes it grows surrounded by mosses and in the ground, which is saturated with rotting trees. The fruiting period of these mushrooms begins in July and lasts until the end of October and the beginning of November.
4. Summer honey agaric. It differs from seroplastic in lighter and more tender pulp. Its plates can be gray or fawn, depending on age. Grows in large clusters on damaged tree trunks or rotten trees. Most often inhabits deciduous trees. The active breeding season is from April to November. Suitable for making marinades or fresh consumption.

When collecting seroplate false mushrooms, you should exercise maximum vigilance, because eating poisonous mushrooms similar to it can lead to extremely undesirable health effects.

Ocher-orange hypholoma (Hypholoma capnoides)

• Other names for the mushroom:
• Seroplate honeydew
• False foil seroplate
• Poppy honey
• Poppy
• Gifoloma poppy

Synonyms:

The ocher-orange hypholoma (Latin Hypholoma capnoides) is an edible mushroom from the genus Hypholoma of the Strophariaceae family.

Cap of seroplate honeydew:
A diameter of 3-7 cm, from hemispherical in the youngest mushrooms to convex-outstretched at maturity, often with remnants of a private veil along the edges. The cap itself is hygrophane, its color strongly depends on humidity: in dry mushrooms it is dull yellow with a more saturated middle, in wet mushrooms it becomes brighter, light brown. As it dries, it begins to brighten symmetrically from the edges. The flesh of the cap is thin, whitish, with a faint odor of dampness.

Plates:
Frequent, adherent, white-yellowish in young fruit bodies, acquiring the characteristic color of poppy seeds as they grow older.

Spore powder:
Brown violet.

The peduncle of the gray-lamellar mushroom:
5-10 cm in height, 0.3 - 0.8 cm in thickness, cylindrical, often curved, with a rapidly disappearing ring, yellow in the upper part, rusty brown in the lower part.

Spreading:
The ocher-orange hyfoloma is a typical tree fungus. Its fruiting bodies grow in bunches on stumps and roots hidden in the ground. It grows only in coniferous forests, most often on pine and spruce, both in the lowlands and high in the mountains. It is especially abundant in mountain spruce forests. Gifoloma ocher-orange is distributed throughout the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. You can collect it from spring to autumn, and often in mild winters. It grows like a "honey agaric", in large intergrowths, meeting, perhaps, not so often, but quite abundantly.

Similar species:
Several common species of the genus Hypholoma are similar to Gifoloma ocher-orange at once, as well as, in some cases, summer honey agaric. It is, first of all, a poisonous pseudo-froth (hypholoma) sulfur-yellow with yellow-green plates, a cap with sulfur-yellow edges and a sulfur-yellow flesh. Next comes the pseudo-froth - brick-red hypholoma (H.sublateriiium) with yellow-brown plates and a brown-red cap, growing in bunches in summer and autumn in deciduous forests and outside the forest, especially on oak and beech stumps. Even without knowing the mushroom, it is only by formal signs that Hypholoma capnoides can be distinguished from the sulfur-yellow honey fungus (Hypholoma fasciculare): the one has green plates, and the gray-plastic one has poppy-gray. The rooted hypholoma (Hypholoma radicosum) mentioned in some sources, in my opinion, is completely different.

Edibility:
The ocher-orange hyfoloma has a reputation for being a good edible mushroom. In my opinion, it is very similar to the summer mushroom; old specimens take on a musty, raw taste.

Video about the Gifoloma mushroom ocher-orange:

Ocher Orange Hypholoma - A good edible mushroom has a blue-gray, poppy-seed-colored plate, a yellow-brown cap, a whitish flesh and a pleasant taste.

Gifoloma ocher-orange for me was and remains "the second summer season". When we were introduced, they told me so - here they say you are another summer honey agaric, which grows on pine stumps. I believed, which, however, I still do not regret. And what?..

Description of seroplate pseudo-foil

The diameter of the cap ranges from 2 to 8 centimeters. In young gray-lamellar false-backs, the caps are convex, dirty yellow or pale yellow in color, and the plates are covered with a white film.

As the mushroom matures, the cap becomes less convex, and its color changes to brown-orange with brown spots, while the film breaks and hangs in white flakes. In wet weather, the cap becomes sticky.

The plates are often spaced, narrow, fawn in color, with age they become smoky gray, and in older specimens they are gray-brown or purple-brown. The plates are adhered to the stem.

The leg is shaped like a cylinder. Its diameter is about 0.5 centimeters, and its height reaches 10 centimeters. The leg can be curved or straight, there is no ring on it. At the top of the leg, the color is light yellow, and at the bottom it turns brown.

The flesh of the cap is pale yellow, sometimes white, thin, not bitter, practically odorless, but old specimens have a pungent smell of dampness. Spores are bluish-gray in color.

Places of growth of seroplate

These mushrooms are found mostly in the temperate climates of the Northern Hemisphere. Most often they can be found in coniferous mountain forests, and in deciduous forests they are extremely rare.

Gray lamellar pseudoholes grow mainly on coniferous stumps, on roots and on decaying trees. You can meet these mushrooms from June to November, but the peak of mass ripening is observed from September to October. Gray-lamellar pseudo-weavers settle in large colonies, they grow alone very rarely.

Some types of fungi form mycorrhiza - a kind of symbiosis with plants. And gray-lamellar false pigs are symbiotes. Their myceliums envelop the roots of trees and penetrate inside, so the mushrooms feed. For the plants themselves, such an alliance is also useful, since with the help of mushroom roots they receive minerals from the soil. Pines grow strong and tall when they form beneficial alliances with mushrooms. And when false heaps settle on sick trees, they destroy them. That is, in fact, seroplamellar pseudo-weavers are orderlies. Because they destroy old trees in the forest.

Reproduction of gray-lamellar false hoofs

As with all fungi, reproduction in the seroplamellar pseudo-foil occurs with the help of spores. The shape of the spores is elongated, the surface is smooth, the color of the spore powder, like in many stropharia, is bluish-gray or dark purple.

The spores are attached to the plates. The number of disputes is enormous. They are carried by the wind in different directions. When the spores land on the ground, myceliums begin to form.

Edibility of seroplate pseudo-foam

Pseudo-lamellar is a pseudo-edible mushroom.In general, representatives of the stropharia family are classified as poisonous mushrooms, but certain species, nevertheless, can be eaten after proper processing.

The gray-lamellar pseudo-foam belongs to the 4th category in terms of taste. This mushroom is suitable for preparing a variety of dishes, but it is not added fresh to food, but boiled for 15 minutes. In addition, gray-lamellar false weavers can be salted, pickled and dried. The smell and taste of this mushroom are soft and pleasant.

It is recommended to eat young gray-lamellar false pigs, as older specimens develop an unpleasant odor. It is advisable to collect only hats, since the legs, like those of other mushrooms, are too hard.

In Western Europe, gray-lamellar pseudo-foil is a popular mushroom; mushroom pickers collect it with great pleasure.

Similar species

The gray-lamellar pseudo-foam can be mistakenly confused with other fungi of the genus Gifoloma:

• The brick-red pseudo-foam got its name from its characteristic color. This mushroom is not poisonous, but it is not eaten. Its distinctive feature is the yellowish plate. The flesh is quite dense, and the taste is bitter;
• The sulfur-yellow false foil is a poisonous member of the family; it can be distinguished by green plates and sulfur-yellow pulp and cap;
• Galerina bordered, similar to the seroplate pseudo-foil, in general, is very dangerous, as it is deadly poisonous. It is distinguished by brown plates and rusty spore powder.
• Summer honey fungus differs from gray lamellar false foam in light pulp. His plates range from fawn to gray at different ages. There is no unpleasant smell or bitterness.