Chased honeydew

Preparation and landing

Since Pissardi is an unpretentious variety, you do not need to make a lot of effort for planting it and for subsequent care - simple bases are enough, thanks to which high-quality growth and a rich, stable harvest will be ensured.

Place and dates

Pissardi is a very sun- and heat-loving plant. Plant trees on the south side of the garden, free from strong winds and drafts, and so that other trees do not block the plum. Be sure to measure the level of groundwater - the depth of their occurrence should not exceed 1.5 meters to the bottom of the hole, since Pissardi does not like excessive moisture. If this cannot be avoided, then use expanded clay drainage.

Plant trees before the buds swell in the spring, so this will allow the plant to take root in the soil before the onset of cold weather. But this does not mean at all that autumn is not suitable for planting. September is considered the best option, since the cuttings will similarly have time to adapt to environmental conditions.

Neighborhood of cultures

This variety is not able to grow too close to other plants, as it loves loneliness and space around it. Make sure that the tree is not surrounded by unfriendly neighbors. You can plant the following crops only at a distance of 5 meters:

• berry bushes;
• evergreen varieties of trees;
• apple trees.

Can't be planted next to:

• red-leaved raspberries;
• pear.

Selection and preparation of a seedling

The planting material of the variety is divided into self-rooted and grafted. When choosing between open and closed roots, opt for the first option, as they are more developed and can take root and grow better.

Despite the fact that even large-sized plants (seedlings 5 ​​and above years old) can be sold in nurseries, you should not rush to acquire such in the hope that this way you can get a harvest faster. A frequent occurrence is the chopped off roots of seedlings of this age, which indicates that they will take root for a couple of years, and during this time the younger seedlings will be able to catch up with them and overtake them in development.

When choosing a seedling, consider the following points:

Pay attention to the level of development of the root system. Plums 1-2 years old should have 3 to 5 main roots 25-30 cm long

The best choice of planting material is in the fall. If the seedling was purchased in early autumn, then plant it immediately, without delaying until spring, and if in late autumn, then dig them in.

Planting instructions

Planting a seedling does not require large investments or resources. You only need a standard set of tools and materials:

• pit shovel;
• baking powder;
• fertilizers;
• water;
• soft rope;
• a peg to tie the stalk.

The planting process takes place in this order:

1. Prepare a pit 50x70 cm in size (do this 2 weeks before planting), fill it with a fertile soil layer that has already been mixed with compost and leave it in this state for 2 weeks.

Install the landing stake. Place the seedling on the north side of the stake. Spread the roots and lay them in the hole so that the root collar is at a distance of 3-5 cm from the ground level, after which the roots can be covered with soil. Pack the ground. After finishing the planting process, tie the plum to a peg, mulch the soil and water well.

Pecitsa varia (Peziza varia) how it looks, where and how it grows, edible or not

Pecitsa changeable: photo and description

Pecitsa varia (Peziza varia) is an interesting lamellar mushroom that belongs to the genus and family of Pecitsia. Belongs to the class of discomycetes, marsupials and is a relative of stitches and morels. Previously, it was distinguished by mycologists as a separate species.Recent studies at the molecular level have proven that the species considered to be separate species can be attributed to one large genus.

What does a changeable petsitsa look like?

Fruit bodies are bowl-shaped, do not have the usual caps. Young petsitsa changeable takes the form of a spherical cognac glass slightly open on top. As it grows, the edges straighten, taking on a funnel-shaped, and then a saucer shape with a pronounced depression in the place of growth and sides curled inward.

The edges are uneven, wavy, slightly ragged, jagged. There are chaotically spaced folds. The surface is smooth, brilliantly moist, like a varnish. The color is even, without differences, the color of coffee with milk, slightly greenish or brown shades. It can be creamy and golden-red. The outer surface is dull, with tiny hairs or scales, light, white-gray or yellowish. It can grow up to 15 cm. Its usual size is 4-8 cm.

The leg is missing. Some specimens have a small pseudopod. Spore powder is pure white. The pulp is gray or brown in color, with five to seven distinct layers.

Where and how it grows

The changeable pecitsa loves rotten, semi-rotten wood, saturated forest soil or old fires. The mycelium begins to bear fruit in the spring, when the weather is rather warm and the snow melts, it even got the name of the snowdrop mushroom. They continue to grow until the October frosts, and in the southern regions up to persistent frosts.

It occurs quite often, in small closely planted groups, in forests, gardens and parks. Distributed in the Krasnodar Territory and throughout Russia. It can also be seen throughout Europe and North America.

Is the mushroom edible or not

There are no exact data on the toxicity or edibility of this type of mushroom. The fruit body has an unsightly appearance, a thin rubbery flesh that is tasteless and devoid of any odor. The culinary value tends to zero, which is why the mushroom is considered inedible.

Doubles and their differences

Pecitsa changeable is extremely similar to the fruit bodies of the varieties of its own family. Their differences are minimal and almost invisible to the naked eye. Fortunately, no poisonous counterparts were found in the fungus.

Pecica ampliata (widened). Inedible. Does not contain toxic substances. As it grows, it acquires a pie-shaped, diagonally elongated shape and, as if smoked, brown-black edges. The color of the outer side is brownish-sandy.

Pecitsa Arvernensis (Auverne). Non-toxic, inedible due to low nutritional value. Has a darker color of the surface and pulp, the edges are smoother. You can often see a rudimentary pseudopod. The pulp is brittle, without pronounced layers.

Pecitsa repanda (blossoming). It is classified as an inedible mushroom due to its thin, tasteless pulp. The edges of the bowl are not wrapped, more elongated, for which they received the nickname "donkey ears".

Pecica micropus (small-legged). Inedible due to low nutritional value. The pulp is brittle, slightly layered. Its main difference from the changeable petsitsa is a pronounced pseudopod and small size, 1.5-6 cm in diameter.

Pecica Badia (brown). Non-poisonous, inedible. Fruit bodies have a rich brown and dark chocolate color, grow up to 16-18 cm.

Pecitsa changeable also bears great similarity to the fruit bodies of the genus Tarzetta (barrel-shaped, bowl-shaped, and others). They are distinguished by a pronounced pseudopod, light coloration of the outer side and miniature size, from 10 to 30 mm. Inedible due to their small size and low nutritional value.

Conclusion

Pecitsa changeable grows in forests on fallen trees and old stumps. It is found in gardens, parks and fields, on semi-rotted sawdust, in dead woods. Feels great on soil rich in woody humus. Has an original bowl shape. Its entire inner surface is a spore-bearing layer, the outer is sterile.The fungus can be found throughout the Northern Hemisphere in small groups from May to October. It has no nutritional value due to its thin, tasteless pulp, there is no exact data on the toxins or poisons it contains.

Types of honey agarics

From a large number of edible species of honey agarics. 4 main ones can be distinguished, most often collected by mushroom pickers.

An edible mushroom that grows in large colonies, mainly on rotten and damaged wood in deciduous forests. The hat of this species is brown, after the rain it becomes transparent.

Honey mushrooms have caps with a diameter of 3-8 mm, the center is lighter than the edges. Honey mushroom up to 9 cm high, the leg is light with a ringlet, over time only a strip remains from it. Below the ringlet is a leg with scales.

The first mushrooms can be found from June and they bear fruit until the end of August.

These mushrooms are on high leg up to 10 cm, yellowish with white bloom, dense along its length, slightly widened downwards. Over time, the leg thickens.

The size of the cap is from 3 to 7 mm in diameter, light yellow in color, in wet weather it becomes yellowish brown. The edges of the cap are lighter than the center. Below are light, rare plates.

They begin to bear fruit from June to autumn frosts.

You can find mushrooms in meadows, fields, summer cottages, ravines and forest edges. Honey mushrooms grow in arched rows.

A popular type of honey agaric, it is large in size. Mushroom on a leg 8-10 cm long with a slight thickening at the very bottom. The leg thickness is up to 2 cm. You can see a pronounced ring under the cap itself.

Large hats, on average 3-10 cm (sometimes up to 15-17 cm). Light yellow plates, rare.

Young mushrooms are covered with scales on the surface. The color of the cap depends on the type of trees on which the mushrooms grow - from light to brown colors.

Honey mushrooms begin to bear fruit from the end of August and finish in October.

Honey mushrooms can be found on damaged and old deciduous trees, mainly poplars and willows.

The leg is 2-7 cm high, up to 1 cm thick, velvety brown.

There is no ring under the cap on the leg. The cap reaches a diameter of up to 10 cm, from yellow to brownish-orange color. The plates are white, rare. The pulp is white or yellowish.

Honey mushrooms can be found in thawed patches and even under the snow, from autumn to spring.

How to distinguish from false doubles?

Drying mushrooms have the greatest similarity with mushrooms of the genus Galerina, which are saprotrophs. Among them there are very dangerous ones, and therefore you should consider them in more detail, and also see them more closely in the photo.

This mushroom differs from other similar mushrooms by the absence of a ring on the stem, which makes it special and easily recognizable.

Difference from the Yellow Milk

Milk yellow

If a yellow milk mushroom and a shrinking mushroom have fallen into one basket, then their main difference will be in the presence of milky juice in the first. When cut, it produces a relatively large amount of it; in the air, the pulp becomes grayish-yellow. The lump grows quite large, the cap can be up to 25 cm in diameter, it is covered with mucus, its shape is funnel-shaped, there are concentric zones. The leg is covered with small yellowish dents. Spores are buffy. A yellow lump grows next to spruce and birch. Can be found in fir plantings.

Description of the mushroom

Shrinking mushroom, non-ringed or shrinking oak has the Latin name Armillaria tabescens, in addition, there are several more synonyms:

• Desarmillaria tabescens;
• Agaricus tabescens;
• Armillaria mellea;
• Clitocybe monadelpha;
• Collybia tabescens;
• Lentinus caespitosus;
• Pleurotus caespitosus;
• Monodelphus caespitosus;
• Pocillaria caespitosa.

It belongs to the genus of honey agarics of the physalacrium family. The cap grows up to 10 cm in diameter, convex in shape, then wide-convex and later flattened. A wide tubercle is located in the center, the surface is dry, the color is brown, slightly reddish. Covered with darker scales, which disappear as the fungus ages.

The hymenophore is lamellar. The lower part of the cap, adhering to the stem, may descend a little, has a white color, then acquires a pink tint. Spores are creamy.

The pulp is white, sometimes milky or yellowish, may be brown, has a strong odor, astringent taste, does not change color on the cut.

The leg is up to 12 cm high, and only 1.5 cm thick. In the lower part, it is narrowed, smooth, pinkish, whitish, less often brown in color, approaching the hat brightens. There is no ring, it is hollow inside.

The first mention of this mushroom is recorded in the book "Flora carniolica" by the Italian botanist Giovanni Scopoli. The description was made in 1772, the author of this mushroom referred to Agaricus tabescens. Later, in 1921, the mycologist Emel L. transferred it to the genus Armillaria.

Plant species: photo with description

There are more than 40 plant species in the wild, but only 10 of them are used as ornamental crops. The most popular and widespread varieties are the varieties of medicinal and basil-leaved saponaria.

The medicinal species includes plants up to 1 m in height with well-leafy numerous stems and long oval leaves about 10 cm long. Flowers reach 3 cm in diameter, collected in loose inflorescences of pink or cream color.

The most common varieties of medicinal saponaria:

Flore Pleno is a plant with lush double flowers of a soft cream shade;

The thickets of this plant look very decorative.

Variegata is distinguished by an interesting variegated leaf color, in which light green and dark green stripes alternate;

Variegata does not bloom as brightly as other varieties, but looks good in a flower bed due to interesting greenery

Betty Arnold is characterized by long stems with snow-white double inflorescences at the tops.

Planted in the center of a flower bed, this soapbox will be her decoration

A varietal group with large, bright and very dense inflorescences of a lilac, white or pinkish hue stands out separately:

Alba Plena;

Unlike medicinal varieties of saponaria, decorative ones have larger and more accurate inflorescences.

Rosea Plena;

Rosea Plena is a very effective, "noble" variety of saponaria

Pumila.

This type of soapwort is interesting for its unusual shape of flowers and purple-burgundy-pink overflow

Basil-leaved saponaria can be called an equally interesting and beautiful plant variety. This is a low (up to 20 cm) ground cover crop with soft stems creeping along the ground, at the very tips of which there are large inflorescences, and oblong bright green leaves.

Its popular varieties include:

• Luxury, characterized by bright pink flowers that grow directly on the shoots;
• Rubra Compact - its difference from the previous variety is only in a darker shade of pink;

The bright flowers of these plants will decorate any alpine slide.

Camilla - light pink;

The delicate shade of flowers of this species is very pleasing to the eye.

Snowy top - with white flowers, collected in loose inflorescences;

Due to the rich white color and neat lines of flowers, this type of saponaria looks very beautiful in a flower bed.

Moon dust is a very popular variety among the basil-leaved soapwort.

Ground cover soapwort is also used for vertical gardening

In addition to these two species, several more hybrids and varieties of saponaria have been bred, which have not become widespread. This is the Olivana saponaria - a short perennial hybrid with large dark pink flowers, growing in small bushes.

This type of soapwort will fit very well into rockeries

Soddy soapwort is also distinguished as a separate species - a ground cover plant with elongated dark leaves and thin stems up to 7 cm high, which at the very base can become woody. It is characterized by delicate light pink inflorescences.

Saponaria sod can also be used as a curb plant

Only the seeds of varieties of medicinal or basilicum saponaria are on the free market. The rest of the varieties are extremely rare and inaccessible to a wide range of amateur flower growers.

Doubles and their differences

Chased honey fungus, like any forest dweller, has edible and inedible counterparts. These include:

1. Summer honey agaric is an edible species that grows on stumps and rotten deciduous wood. It starts bearing fruit in large families from the beginning of summer to the first frost. The mushroom can be recognized by a small convex cap of light brown color and by a thin, long stem.
2. Forest-loving kollibia is an edible representative of the mushroom kingdom. Grows in small groups on decaying deciduous and coniferous wood. Fruiting from June to November. The fruit body has a whitish pulp, without a pronounced taste and smell.
3. Bordered gallerina is a very dangerous species that can be fatal. Prefers moist soil, dry coniferous and deciduous wood. This specimen can be distinguished by a yellow-brown cap and a brown leg, up to 5 cm long. The pulp is of the same color, fibrous with a characteristic mealy aroma. When eaten, after a few minutes, the following symptoms appear: uncontrollable vomiting, diarrhea, profuse urination, fever, convulsions. When the first signs appear, you must immediately contact a specialist.

Possible problems and solutions

A perennial is rarely affected by diseases and pests, but sometimes it can suffer from an attack by a garden scoop. This butterfly feeds on ripe seeds from fruit pods, and lays eggs directly on the stem of the plant. The greatest harm is caused by the caterpillars of the scoop, which gnaw off the bases of the shoots, leading to the death of the flower. You can get rid of the pest by manually collecting caterpillars and larvae, as well as Fufanon, Zolon, Dursban, Danadim preparations.

It is imperative to get rid of this pest, as it can easily "spread" to vegetable crops by cutting off young plants at the root.

Excessive soil moisture is fraught with the emergence of various fungal infections: leaf spot and root rot. If black or brown spots are found on the stems and leaves, the affected areas are cut off, and the remaining shoots are treated with Fundazole solution or 1% Bordeaux liquid. If the entire plant is affected, it will no longer be saved.

Other pests and diseases are not terrible for the soapwort, and it is not difficult to achieve its beautiful flowering in a flower bed.

Blooming soapstone carpet looks charming

Drying mushroom

Shrinking honey fungus (Armillaria tabescens) is a relatively rare fungus of the Fizalakriev family. This variety was described in 1772. Fruit bodies of this species are used for food and medicinal purposes. Due to the high content of biologically active substances, their use has a positive effect on the functioning of the digestive system and other body systems.

It is believed that the mushroom is extremely beneficial for people who suffer from diseases of the biliary tract and liver. In addition, the active components present in this fruiting body help to stabilize blood pressure and eliminate atherosclerotic plaques. These mushrooms also help with a number of other diseases.

Description

Drying mushrooms grow in large groups. The size of the cap of one mushroom can vary from 3 to 10 cm. The surface of the cap is beige. In young fruiting bodies, it has a slightly convex shape, but in the future it is slightly straightened. The edges are folded. Dark scales appear on the surface of the matured caps. On the caps of this variety, mucus does not form, even in rainy weather.

The pulp of these honey agarics is white and has a strong mushroom smell. The taste is tart. In honey agarics of this species, the hymenophore is lamellar. It has a white or pinkish tint, plates adhered to the stem. Ripe fruits emit a cream-colored spore powder. The spores are elliptical and have a smooth surface.

The leg is high. Its length ranges from 7.5 to 20 cm. The diameter is from 0.5 to 1.5 cm. The structure of the stem is fibrous. To the bottom, it narrows greatly. In the upper part, the leg is white, and yellowish at the bottom. There is no ring in this species of honey agaric. An incision reveals that the stem is hollow.

Fruiting season and distribution sites

Shrinking honey agaric most often bears fruit in groups on the trunks and branches of trees. Fruit bodies often appear on rotten stumps. It is noted that this type of mushroom prefers oak wood, although they can bear fruit on other species. Less often, the mycelium bears fruit on the ground. Under favorable conditions, fruits begin to appear at the end of July. In the future, they can be found until the end of October. In regions with a mild climate, these fruiting bodies continue to bear fruit until the end of November.

Most often, this species is found in North American, Far Eastern and European forests. For the beginning of fruiting, special weather conditions are required. Most often, these mushrooms appear if, after a long period of heat, a cold snap sets in and rains begin. If autumn is dry, fruiting bodies are hardly formed.

Similar types and differences from them

Shrinking honey fungus outwardly resembles a number of species that bear fruit at about the same time. It is necessary to distinguish these mushrooms from twins, since many of the similar species are conditionally edible and poisonous.

This mushroom looks like an autumn mushroom. The latter have brownish caps and grow on stumps and trees with influenza, but these species can be easily distinguished. The autumn mushroom has a ring on the leg. In addition, this variety is much more common than the described specimens.

Shrinking honey fungus can be easily confused with representatives of the genus Stropharia mushrooms (bordered gallery). These species are outwardly almost indistinguishable. They bear fruit at the same time. They can be found mainly under trees and on stumps.

The only significant difference is the color of the spore powder. In the gallery bordered, it is brown. It is imperative to be able to distinguish between these fruiting bodies, because many representatives of the genus Stropharia are poisonous.

In addition, young shriveled mushrooms outwardly resemble talkers belonging to the Ryadovkov family. However, these fruits do not have the characteristic scales on the caps. In addition, they have black mycelial strands.

It is often difficult to distinguish this species of honey agaric from other representatives of the Fizalakriev genus. However, these fruits do not have the rings on the legs, which are present in most species of autumn honey agarics.

Edibility

This mushroom is edible. However, these fruiting bodies should be collected only in ecologically clean areas, because they tend to accumulate harmful substances. Fruits of this type are highly valued by mushroom pickers for their good taste.

Best of all, the taste of these mushrooms is revealed when frying or stewing. In addition, dried mushrooms are suitable for making soups. Fruits of this type can also be harvested for the winter. They are good for drying. These mushrooms are used for pickling and pickling.

Chemical composition

Honey honey contains amino acids and three active substances: prim-1, prim-2 and prim-3, the mycelium contains polysaccharides. The composition of prim-1 is expressed by the general formula С12Н10О5. The chemical structure is 3-acetyl-5-hydroxyl-methyl-7-hydroxyl-coumarin, its molecular weight is 234 Da. In terms of chemical structure, prim-2 is a-hydroxyl-a-phenylmalonamide with a molecular weight of 1940 Da. For prim-3, only the molecular weight is known - 242 Da. Among the amino acids found in the composition of the fruiting bodies: aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine and arginine. The polysaccharide isolated from this fungus includes D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, L-xylose and L-fucose in a quantitative ratio of 0.86: 0.30: 3.91: 1.0: 8.5.

Medicinal and useful properties

The therapeutic effect of kashnik has been proven and studied for a long time. Its rich chemical composition allows it to be used for:

• headache and migraine;
• atherosclerosis;
• asthma, cough;
• disorders of the nervous system, including hiccups and attacks of suffocation;
• angina pectoris and coronary heart disease;
• skin diseases (ulcers, wounds, eczema, skin inflammation);
• gastritis and colitis;
• epilepsy;
• some inflammatory diseases of women and mild postpartum hemorrhage;
• disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

Useful properties of gray-green hiccups:

• astringents;
• diuretics;
• antibacterial;
• sedatives;
• diaphoretic;
• hypotensive.

In addition to seeds and herbs, the flowers of the plant are also used in folk medicine. They are used in therapy for:

• diarrhea of ​​various origins, including in young children;
• enterocolitis.

They also resort to gourd for excessive thinness and poor appetite in children, as well as for seizures and for general strengthening of the body in the form of baths.