Felt cherry (felt micro cherry)

Description

After the genus Micro-cherry was abolished, all of its species became Cherries overnight. Nowadays, the name Felt Micro cherry is a synonym. But this is how gardeners (amateurs and professionals) call this shrub or low tree.

Cherry felted has a superficial root system. The roots penetrate into the ground only 20-25 cm. The height of the trunks rarely reaches three meters, while the plant has a spreading crown. Young shoots are olive, pubescent; adults - rough, gray-brown color scheme.

Flowers and leaves bloom almost simultaneously. Leaf blades with short petioles are small, simple, corrugated. The front surface is shiny, the back is with tomentose pubescence. Leaves of deep green color with clearly visible veins are arranged alternately. They have a sharp tip and jagged edges.

The flower petals are pink when opened and turn white very quickly. There are so many small flowers that during the crescent, the plant looks like a solid snow-white cloud. The pleasant smell attracts bees and other pollen-carrying insects.

In the middle of summer, fruits appear - drupes of a round or oblong shape. The short stem gives the impression that the cherries are glued to the branches. The color of the thin rind (often slightly pubescent) ranges from pale pink to dark red. The pulp tastes sweet to sour. They are eaten fresh and canned. Fruits contain polysaccharides, iron, vitamins B, C, PP. They strengthen capillaries, normalize bowel function, and lower blood pressure.

Red Book view

Onnia tomentosa in the Red Data Book of the Magadan Region

Classification: Major Groups> Fungi, lichens and fungus-like organisms> Basidiomycota> Agaricomycetes> Hymenochaetales> Hymenochaetaceae> Onnia

Legal status

Descriptions

Description

Onnia tomentosa, Albu Parish, Estonia.

The cap is flat when young, with a blunt, rounded and yellowish-white margin, later with a slightly depressed center and contoured in a wave pattern towards the rim,
which has a rather sharp edge when old. It is covered in felt that is gray when young and rusty brown when old, up to 10 cm (3.9 in) in diameter. The stem is short and thick, dark brown to almost black. The flesh is hard and fibrous, and ocher brown under the cap surface.

Most commercially important conifers in Canada, including white spruce, are attacked by Inonotus tomentosus (Fr.) Teng also known as Onnia tomentosa (Whitney 1978). This fungus produces a white pocket rot commonly called Tomentosus root rot in both roots and butts of naturally seeded or planted conifers. White spruce and black spruce were found to be the 2 most susceptible species in an inoculation test in Saskatchewan (Whitney 1964), and high losses to root rot, in large part due to I. tomentosus, affected white spruce plantations at Grand-Mère QC (Lachance 1978). In white spruce plantations, mortality in groups of 2 or 3 trees usually occurs at about age 30–35 years (Whitney 1977), but younger trees can also be killed (Whitney 1993). Occasional trees as young as 10 years of age are infected (Whitney and Timmer 1983). Seventeen white spruce plantations 43–58 years old in Ontario incurred an average of 0.7% mortality annually over a 6-year study period (Whitney 1993). Average accumulated mortality of dominant and codominant trees was 10.3% for all plantations in that study. Tomentosus root rot was found in more than half the stumps after clearcutting in a plantation at Searchmont, Ontario, but decay and stain had not yet reached stump height (Whitney 1962).

Description of felt onnia

The fruit body of the tomentum onnia has the form of a cap with a central leg. The hat is flat or funnel-shaped. Its surface is slightly pubescent, almost not zoned. The color of the cap is yellow-brown. The edges of the cap are lobed, thinner and lighter. When the cap dries up, its edges are wrapped inward. The diameter of the cap reaches 10 centimeters, and its thickness is about 1 centimeter.

The leg is 1-4 centimeters long and 1.5 centimeters in diameter. The color of the leg is the same as the hat. There is a slight metallic tint at the top of the stem.

The thickness of the pulp does not exceed 2 millimeters. The lower layer of the fungus is fibrous and hard, while the upper layer is felt and softer. For 1 millimeter of the mushroom surface, there are 3-5 pores of a rounded shape, pale brown in color. The edges of the pores are sometimes covered with a white coating.

The tubular layer runs down to the leg. At first, the surface of the tubular layer is gray-yellow-brown, but with age it becomes darker - brown.

Spreading of unnia felted

Felt onnias are found in mixed spruce forests. These mushrooms settle at the base of the trunks and on the roots of trees, while they choose living trees. These are wood-destroying mushrooms. They damage spruce and pine trees.

In conifers, onnia felts cause the development of white rot. It is believed that these mushrooms are an indicator of the duration of the growth of forests.

This is a rare type of mushroom. They are in the Red Book of Norway, Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Latvia and Poland.

Measures for the protection of species

This type of mushroom is protected in the Pechora-Ilychsky nature reserve. To prevent the population from disappearing, it is necessary to preserve old forests. New locations should be identified and monitored regularly.

Similarity with other species

Onnia felt has an external resemblance to a two-year-old dry-house. But onnia can be distinguished by its thicker flesh, light grayish downward plates and a pale yellowish color on the lower part of the cap.

The diameter of the cap of a two-year-old dry house also reaches 10 centimeters, its shape is funnel-shaped or rounded. The surface is matt at first, then bare, sometimes with radial fine wrinkles. The color of the cap is ocher, yellow-brown with a gray-brown middle. Sometimes neighboring caps grow together. The length of the leg is 1-3 centimeters, its surface is dull, and the color is brownish or brown.

Biennial dryworms bear fruit from July to late autumn. They grow in mixed and coniferous forests. But they settle, unlike onnia, not on trees, but on the soil, giving preference to fires and sandstones. These mushrooms are found quite often, growing in groups.

Growing

Felt micro cherry should be allocated a lighted place in the area where water does not stagnate. The plant can adapt to life in the shade and on damp soil, but in this case, development will slow down, the quantity will decrease and the taste of the fruit will deteriorate. In addition, the risk of freezing and drying out of the roots increases.

Annual seedlings are recommended to be planted in spring. Purchased in the fall, it is better to dig in before the arrival of heat. Several plants should be planted, and pollinating relatives should be selected for self-infertile varieties.

Planting pits (with a depth and diameter of 0.5 meters) are located at a distance of two meters from each other. The soil is mixed with humus, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are added, if necessary, lime.

For better development of lateral roots, it is necessary to prune the root system (15–20 cm).The seedling is placed vertically without deepening the root collar. The soil is compacted, watered, mulched with peat.

Seed reproduction of Felt Micro-cherry is also possible. Large fruits are selected from the highest-yielding specimens. The seeds are mixed with wet sand, stored in a cool place until October. Sow in grooves 3–5 cm deep. In spring, thinning is carried out twice (in the phase of 2–3 and 5–6 true leaves). By the fall, the seedlings are ready for transplanting to a permanent place. If sowing is delayed until spring, the seeds require a 3-month stratification.

The plant tolerates a cold snap down to –40 ° C, and does not need shelter for the winter.

Success secrets

Felt micro-cherries are watered abundantly after planting. The rest of the time, watering should be moderate, the plant does not tolerate excess moisture.

A bush or tree is fed twice during the growing season. For the first time in spring after the end of flowering with complex mineral fertilizers. In the fall, phosphorus-potash is added.

After applying top dressing, you need to loosen the soil. This should be done very carefully so as not to damage the roots close to the soil surface.

Pruning is required to get a good harvest. Frozen and diseased branches are removed in early spring. At the same time, part of the branches in the center are removed to prevent thickening of the crown.

Red Book

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Onnia felt (Sverdlovsk region)

Onnia. tomentosa
(Fr.) P. Karst.
Family Hymenochetes
Hymenochaetaceae
 
Status. III. Rare view. It is included in the Red Data Books of the Komi Republic, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug of Yugra, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions. 

Spreading. Eurasia, North America. It is found in the Perm Territory, the Komi and Bashkortostan Republics, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Yugra, the Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions. In the Sverdlovsk region found in the reserves "Visimsky" and "Denezhkin Kamen", the national park "Pripyshminskie Bory", the natural park "Olenyi brooks", at the confluence of the river. Lozva and r. Auspiya near Mount Khoy-Ekva (territory subordinated to the city of Ivdel), at the foot of the Konzhakovsky Kamen and Bilimbai mountains; in Alapaevsky district (near the village of Turutino).

Biology. Wood-destroying mushroom. Optional saprotroph, causes white rot. Inhabits old-growth coniferous forests. It develops on soil-covered roots of pine, cedar and spruce, on buried wood. Annual fruiting bodies form in June August.

Limiting factors. Deforestation and reduction of the area of ​​primary coniferous forests.

Security measures. Protected in the reserves "Visimsky" and "Denezhkin Kamen", the national park "Pripyshminskie Bory", the natural park "Olenyi brooks". Monitoring the state of populations and searching for new locations of the species, preserving areas of old coniferous forests.

Sources of information: 1. Gilbertson, Ryvarden, 1986; 2. Ryvarden, Melo, 2014; 3. Bondartseva, Parmasto, 1986; 4. Stepanova, 1971; 5. Red Data Book of the Komi Republic, 2009; 6. Red Data Book of the Khanty-Mansiysk ..., 2013; 7. Red Data Book of the Tyumen Region, 2004; 8. Red Data Book of the Chelyabinsk Region, 2017; 9. Kotiranta et al., 2007; 10. Red Data Book of the Sverdlovsk Region, 2008. Compiled by. I.V. Stavishenko.

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08.11.2019 08:26:40

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References

1. Ryvarden, Leif; Gilbertson, Robert L. (1986). North american polypores... Oslo, Norway: Fungiflora. ISBN 0-945345-06-2.
2. Whitney, R.D. 1978. Polyporus tomentosus root and butt rot of trees in Canada. p. 283-297 in Dimitri, L. (Ed.), Proc. 5th Internat. IUFRO Conf. on Problems of root and butt rot in conifers, Aug. 1978, Kassell. Germany.
3. Whitney, R.D. 1964. Inoculation of eight Saskatchewan trees with Polyporus tomentosus... Can. Dep. For., Ottawa ON, Bi-mo. Res. Notes 28 (4): 24.
4. Lachance, D. 1978. The effect of decay on growth rate in a white spruce plantation. For. Chron. 54 (1): 20-23.
5. Whitney, R.D. 1977. Polyporus tomentosus root rot of conifers. Can. Dep. Environ., Can. For. Serv., Ottawa ON, For. Tech. Rep. 18.12 p.
6. ^ Whitney, R.D. 1993. Damage by Tomentosus root rot in white spruce plantations in Ontario, and the effects of thinning on the disease. For. Chron. 69 (4): 44.
7. Whitney, R.D .; Timmer, V.R. 1983. Chlorosis in planted white spruce at Limestone Lake, Ontario. Can. Dep. Environ., Can. For. Serv., Sault Ste. Marie ON, Inf. Rep. O-X-346. 16 p.

E. Garnweidner. Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and Europe. Collins. 1994.