White dung beetle (Coprinus comatus) photo and description

White dung mushroom - photo and description

White dung beetle coprinus comatus is an edible or conditionally edible representative of the Dung beetle genus, which is a member of the Dung family. It is the most recognizable and at the same time the most suitable for culinary purposes representative of these groups.

The mushroom is rather difficult to confuse with any other, since its appearance is already very unusual and distinctive. In a very young white dung beetle, the cap has an oblong ovoid shape. As the mushroom grows, the lower edges of the cap move away from the stem, and then the cap takes on a bell-shaped shape. In very old mushrooms, the cap has a more or less familiar convex-flattened or hemispherical shape. With age, the edges of the cap darken and first acquire a grayish tint, and then completely black.

Cap sizes average from 5 to 15 cm in height at diameter about 5-10 cm. The entire surface of the cap is covered with a large number of fibrous scales. The flesh of the cap of a young mushroom is white and soft, devoid of pronounced taste and smell. The flesh of the old blackened mushroom is dark and viscous.

The plates under the cap are wide, long and very frequent. While the mushroom is young, they are white, and then gradually turn pink. When the mushroom grows old and blackens, the plates begin to blur, turning into a black slurry, like the whole hat.

The leg of the white dung beetle is rather long - from 10 to 35 cm in height, although the diameter is quite small - only 1-2 cm. The shape of the leg is usually regular, cylindrical with a small bulbous thickening near the ground. The color of the stem is white throughout the life cycle of the fungus, including "old age", when the cap turns black and liquefies. A filmy mobile ring is preserved on the leg, which turns black together with the cap.

The white dung beetle mushroom, the photo and description that we have given here, is widespread in the northern temperate zone. It can be found in loose soil rich in rotting organic matter. As a matter of fact, the name of the mushroom is quite consistent with its habitat. It is found in large quantities in garbage dumps, landfills, compost and manure heaps. In addition, it can often be found in vegetable gardens, parks and orchards, as well as in pastures. Occasionally found in the forest. The mushroom grows in large groups from late spring to autumn.

Traditional medicine recipes

Dung beetle is a nutritious mushroom with excellent taste. It is somewhat reminiscent of champignons, so it will not be difficult to quickly cook koprinus.

It is necessary to thoroughly warm up the pan and put a few tablespoons of butter or vegetable oil on it. Rinse the mushrooms and separate the caps from the stems. Then the hats need to be thrown into the pan, salt them and simmer over low heat. There is no need to add water, as dung beetles themselves are very juicy.

You can add a small amount of the drug to the food or drink of the person suffering from alcohol dependence. He will not even taste any taste and will not guess about the anonymous treatment.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with: Panangin after a binge - Harm

There are many recipes for traditional medicine using dung beetle. If coprinus is used as an anti-alcoholic agent, then you can use the following recipes:

Powder. For cooking, you need fresh gray or porcini mushrooms, dung beetles. Put them in a dry heated frying pan and fry, stirring constantly. The mushrooms will first give juice, then it will evaporate, the pulp will become dry. Once the koprinus has dried well, the pan can be removed from the heat. Finely chop the mushrooms to a powder. Store in a jar under a tightly closed lid in a dark and cool place.Add the resulting powder to the patient in food for 1 tablespoon.
Infusion. For the treatment of alcoholism, you can only prepare a water infusion. It is prohibited to use alcohol for these purposes. To get the drug, you need to mix 2 tablespoons of cooprinus with 500 ml of hot water. Put on fire and bring to a boil. After that, remove from heat and leave to infuse for 8 hours. You need to take such an infusion ½ cup 2 times a day.
Ointment. It is pointless to use an ointment to treat alcoholism, but it will help from wounds and boils.

Evaluation of taste, medicinal properties, benefits and possible harm

Numerous studies have confirmed that this mushroom contains a special substance that has a destructive effect on the development of malignant tumors. There is evidence that treatment with coprinus helped to stop the development of aggressive sarcoma.

Having learned about all the beneficial properties of this amazing mushroom, you are guaranteed to stop being dismissive of it.

What are the useful functions of the coprinus mushrooms:

contribute to the normalization of blood pressure;
have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect;
due to the content of a natural antibiotic, they have a bactericidal effect;
blocking the growth of tumor cells;
activation of digestion;
cleansing the body of radicals and toxins.

The mushroom has practically no contraindications to the use.

However, it should be used with caution by people with severe heart disease.

Ink mushroom, like most other dung beetles, is edible only while young. Today it is consumed boiled, fried and pickled. The hats can also be dried and used as spices, but until recently in Russia, these mushrooms were considered a toadstool.

Abroad, dung beetles are highly valued, and white dung beetles are even considered a delicacy.

IMPORTANT: You should not combine different types of dung beetles in one dish, since, although they are completely edible separately, in combination they can cause poisoning!

Common dung beetles are used after boiling. Then they do whatever they like - they can be fried, stewed, put in soup, and also pickled.

REFERENCE: common dung beetles can be frozen for future use, but only boiled. If the mushrooms are frozen fresh, after thawing, an autolysis reaction will occur in them, and only an unappetizing slurry will remain of them.

Proteins - 3.09 g (46%)

Fats - 0.4 g (5%)

Carbohydrates - 3, 26 g (49%)

· Calorie content - 16–20 kcal

Up to 90% of the mass of the fruiting body is water.

TIP: Frying mushrooms produces a lot of water. It is better not to evaporate it, since the aroma is lost during the long heat treatment of the mushrooms, but to drain and add, for example, to the broth for the soup.

promotes digestion, stimulates appetite;
lowers blood pressure;
antibiotic;
lowers sugar levels;
antineoplastic;
hemostatic;
bactericidal;
anti-inflammatory;
antioxidant.

Botanical description

The cap mushroom has a central stem. In most cases they are small and medium in size, in some specimens they are large. The cap is convex in shape, bell-shaped or conical, rarely opens up to flat. Its surface may be smooth, but it is more common to find coprinuses covered with flakes or scales.

The pulp is fibrous, thin, sometimes completely absent.

The plates are thin, frequent; with age, they change from white to black.

Spores are black oval.

It grows very quickly. Sometimes the time to full maturation is no more than one hour. In a mature mushroom, the fruiting body dissolves, and in its place an ink-colored spot or gruel in the form of a ring forms. This process continues after harvesting, therefore, it is impossible to keep fresh mushrooms, even in frozen form. They require immediate heat treatment.

The dung beetle cap resembles a bell in shape, the pulp is fibrous. The top is abundantly covered with scales, resembling flakes.Thin plates change color from white to black with age.

The thin leg is very fragile, hollow inside.

Thin-bodied, the flesh is practically absent. Black oval spores. It grows extremely quickly, in a matter of hours, and in some cases the full ripening cycle is no more than one hour.

Ripening, the cap dissolves (autolysis), a gruel or an ink-colored spot in the form of a ring forms in place of the fungus. Autolysis continues after harvesting, so it is impossible to store fresh mushrooms, even frozen. Immediate heat treatment is required.

Edible only while young, identified by white plates. Therefore, the dung beetle belongs to conditionally edible mushrooms. If the plates begin to turn yellow or pink, the mushroom is no longer suitable.

Saprotroph, i.e. helps to decompose organic residues.

Loves soil rich in organic remains, fertilizers, found on rotting trees, stumps. Collection time from May to October.

Chemical composition

90% of all pulp is water;
vitamins of group B, C, E, D1, D2, K1, thiamine, riboflavin, choline, betaine, tocopherol, tocotrienol;
minerals: calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, manganese, zinc, selenium, iron, copper;
amino acids (17 pcs, including 8 essential);
coprin - a substance incompatible with alcohol (severe poisoning occurs);
glucose, fructose;
tyrosinase;
nicotinic, pantothenic, folic acid;
saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids;
tyrosine and histidine - only in wild-growing mushrooms, they are absent in artificially grown ones;
trypsin and maltase;
polioses.

Application

Dung beetles help to get rid of not only alcoholism, but also help to increase immunity, protect against cancer and destroy staphylococcus aureus. But most often they are used specifically for the treatment of alcoholics. Many drugs that can be bought at the pharmacy contain cooprinus powder.

Making such a powder at home will not take much time. The caps of young plants should be washed well and dried in a dry frying pan over high heat. You do not need to use oil! The mushrooms dry in about 50-60 minutes. Fragility and fragility will become a sign of readiness. You can use a blender or coffee grinder to get the powder. Store in a dry sealed glass container.

Alcoholism treatment

In the fight against alcohol addiction, dung powder comes in handy. The daily rate is 2.5 g, which is equal to a flat teaspoon. The patient must be fed every other day. The duration of the course is 14 days. If alcoholism is in an advanced stage, then the duration of therapy can be increased up to 90 days. And a one-time rate of powder is up to 5 g.

Reading the reviews of those who have already used coprinus-based traditional medicine recipes, it can be noted that side effects are often observed in the patient. Among them, chills, vomiting, heart palpitations, dizziness occur most often, which persist during the first 3 days of treatment. It is worth noting that these symptoms, although they cause discomfort, do not pose a direct threat to the patient's life.

Treatment can be carried out without informing the alcoholic patient. The main thing is to consult before this with his attending physician in order to determine the real state of health.

Cooking applications

Legs are not used for food, only hats. They need to be washed, shaken out excess water and immediately sent to the pan with heated vegetable oil. Usually it is not necessary to grind - young mushrooms are small enough, and during the cooking process they still decrease.

It is not worth draining the released water - it will prevent the mushrooms from drying out, moreover, it is this juice that contains a lot of taste and aroma. In the process of stewing, it is recommended to add onions, salt, spices. Simmer over low heat for 40-50 minutes. The dish tastes like champignons.

You need to cook dung beetles no later than three hours after collection. Otherwise, the self-destruct process will start.

How to cook dung beetles, everyone decides for himself.Someone just fries them, and someone prepares pasta, soups and stews. It's just a matter of taste. The only thing we can talk about with confidence is that this mushroom tastes much more pleasant than it looks.

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General Manufacturing Guide

You cannot assemble a knot grinder with your own hands without certain skills in working with a welding machine, as well as without the appropriate tool. To make a homemade shaft, you will need to contact a locksmith or lathe shop (if you cannot find an old ready-made assembly). The manufacturing process includes the following stages:

Selection of the correct design of the future shredder for branches.
Engine selection (petrol, diesel or electric) and transmission calculation.
Procurement of all the necessary materials and parts that will need to be turned on the machine.
Collecting the main frame.
Installation of the drive, cutting elements and the main gear of rotation.
Installation of protection and bunkers.

Belt drive is the simplest and safest option. If any emergency occurs, the belt will simply come off or break without bad consequences. The same cannot be said about the rigid coupling. For the construction of a homemade shredder, it is better to choose simple options:

Shredder with circular saws. Excellent for small wood processing.
A crusher working like a jointer. It is intended for small diameter branches. The output is a medium-sized fraction.
Disc shredder. It processes branches that are less than 5 cm in diameter.

Application

A specific feature of cooked dung beetles, especially gray ones, is interaction with alcohol, leading to tachycardia, fever, vomiting, visual and speech disorders. You can not take alcohol either with these mushrooms, or a day or two after them. On this basis, mushroom therapy of drunkenness is organized - freshly prepared, as well as evaporated in a pan, then dried and ground into powder gray dung beetles. With vodka, such delicacies produce an unforgettable effect, while non-drinkers calmly enjoy their portion of mushrooms with sour cream. Dung beetle mushroom from alcoholism is a potent remedy. It is contraindicated in diseases of the liver, kidneys, lungs and cardiovascular system.

In addition to culinary and anti-alcohol use, dung beetles were used against falsification of signatures and documents. The black-violet liquid, into which the ripe fruiting bodies are transformed, was used to prepare special ink for registration of state and financial papers. It is impossible to forge the text written by them, since under the microscope the disputes are clearly visible - the mark of authenticity.

Conditionally edible species of dung beetles, collected at a young age and cooked in a timely manner, not only occupy a worthy place on the mushroom table, but also serve as a powerful remedy against alcohol abuse. The settling of these mushrooms on fertile lands fertilized with humus allows them to be cultivated on the site, collecting an annual rich harvest.

Conditionally edible dung species

Dung beetles belong to the genus of dung beetles or coprinus (Coprinus), to the class of agaricomycetes, the mushroom family and has 14 species. Three of them - white, common and gray - are considered the most common. Let's take a closer look at how they look.

White

White dung (Coprinus comatus), other names - shaggy or crested, has the following characteristic features:

the cap is whitish or slightly pinkish, it may have a cream shade, elongated-ovate, later - long-bell-shaped, with a shaggy surface in the form of large scales, in the upper part there is a brownish tubercle. Along the edges it is uneven, with age, starting from the edges, it turns red, then blackens and decomposes. 2 to 10 cm in diameter and 5 to 15 cm in height;
the plates are loose, frequent, the color changes with age: first white, then pink, in old fruiting bodies dark ink;
the leg is white, cylindrical, from 10 to 55 cm in height, up to 2 cm in diameter, with a noticeable ring, slightly expanding towards the base, hollow inside;
the pulp is white, fleshy, tender; after collecting quickly, after 1-2 hours, it turns black.

Ordinary

Common dung (Coprinus cinereus) looks like this:

the cap is grayish or gray-gray, radially ribbed, from 2 to 6 cm in diameter, at first bell-shaped-ovoid, later spread, covered with a white tomentose coating, brownish at the crown; with age, the edges crack, darken and creep;
the plates are frequent, free, the color changes with age from white-gray to yellow-gray, then to finally black;
spores are black;
the leg is whitish, cylindrical, up to 8 cm high, up to 0.6 cm in diameter, fibrous, hollow inside, slightly widened at the base;
the pulp is light, later gray, tender, without a pronounced taste and smell, blackens and spreads 2-3 hours after collection.

Gray

Gray dung beetle (Coprinus atramentarius), another name is ink, has the following features:

the cap is light gray or gray-brown, with a darker crown, from 3 to 7 cm in diameter, first ovoid, then bell-shaped with thin radial grooves along the edge; along these grooves, it cracks with age, and the edges are bent upward;
the plates are loose, frequent, wide, their color changes with age from almost white to gray-black, brownish and finally black;
spores are black;
the leg is whitish, cylindrical, widened towards the base, up to 12, sometimes up to 16 cm high, up to 1 cm in diameter, loose, watery, thin reddish-brown fibers are present at the base;
the pulp is white, later - gray, tender, with a pleasant taste and aroma, after harvesting it creeps into a dark mass after 2-3 hours.

Dung beetles gray and sparkling

Gray dung beetle (Coprinus atramentarius) is a well-known but little favorite in the villages of Russia. He is little loved for a simple reason - it causes poisoning (small, but unpleasant), if combined with alcohol. Therefore, in central Russia, it is called the mother-in-law mushroom. He also has other names - coprinus (Coprinus atramentarius), ink mushroom, blagusa, stove, sozhok.

The generic name of these mushrooms - koprinus - comes from the Greek word copros, which means manure. Hence the second very common name of this genus - dung beetles. Mushrooms that settle on manure are called coprophiles. Many koprinus also belong to this ecological group of fungi. In total, the genus includes about two hundred species. They are cosmopolitan and are found almost all over the globe. Species of this genus settle on the manure of herbivores, well-fertilized soil, on decaying stumps and other plant debris.

Therefore, they are often found in gardens, vegetable gardens, on garbage heaps, near livestock farms, in meadows where livestock graze. These mushrooms also settle in cities (they are abundant in parks, on the lawns of public gardens). They are also found in the forest, especially on the edges, where cattle enter when grazing. Smaller species (eg Coprinus dissiminatus) abundantly cover half-decayed tree stumps.

Among the mushrooms, they are ephemeral. They grow and ripen so quickly that no mushroom can compete with them. The life of small species is extremely short. Seen in the evening, having lived only one night, they disappear by morning. Larger species such as white dung beetle (Coprinus comatus) develop slightly longer. But even in him, already 48 hours after the formation of the fruiting body, the cap turns black and spreads into a black liquid mass containing numerous spores. This phenomenon is called autolysis.

Hat. Diameter 5-10 cm, in young mushrooms ovoid, later bell-shaped, quickly opens. The edges of the cap are ribbed; when ripe, they break and spread in the form of ink. The color is from light gray to brownish, the tone is darker in the center. The cap of the gray dung beetle mushroom is sprinkled with glossy scales.The plates are free, at first grayish, flaky-pubescent, when the mushroom ripens, they quickly turn black. The pulp is light, without a special smell, the taste is sweetish.

Leg. Height 8-20 cm, diameter 1-2 cm, cylindrical, naked, with whitish or grayish flesh, with a silky sheen.

Spore powder. Black.

Habitat. In gardens, parks, along old forest roads, by the stumps of deciduous trees. It grows in bunches.

Season. From April to autumn. The authors found the mushroom even in March.

Similarity. According to the description, this dung beetle mushroom is similar to other species of coprinus, in particular, it is similar to the magpie dung beetle, or woodpecker (Coprinus picaceus), which has a variegated black and white color. This mushroom is found in the autumn in the forest and is considered inedible or slightly poisonous.

Use. It is tasty fried, but only young specimens can be used for food. It is necessary to avoid the use of alcoholic beverages at the same time as mushrooms, as well as the day before and during the day after eating the mushrooms. The dung contains a substance similar to antabuse used for the treatment of alcoholism, which prevents the oxidation of alcohol. Previously, gray dung beetle was used in the manufacture of ink used for writing especially important papers, since the spores of the fungus formed a unique pattern that could not be faked.

Medicinal properties. There are reports of Czech scientists about the use of dung beetle in the treatment of alcoholism.

Sparkling dung beetle, red (Coprinus micaceus) has a cap 2–4.5 cm in diameter and 2–3.5 cm high. The cap is bell-shaped or cone-shaped, yellow-brown, darker in the center, radially ribbed, folded, blurs when ripe. On young specimens, a light granular bloom is clearly visible, which disappears with age. The plates are whitish at first, then yellowish-brown, eventually turn black. Leg 3-11 × 0.3-0.7 cm, cylindrical, hollow, smooth, whitish. The pulp is pale yellow.

Growth. Grows in forests, gardens, parks on decaying wood or humus soil.

Fruiting. Forms fruiting bodies in May - November.

Usage. Consumed fresh at a young age, with alcohol it can cause poisoning.

Here you can see photos of dung beetles, the description of which is given on this page:

Dung beetle in the photo

Magpie dung in the photo

Red dung in the photo

The use of white dung beetle folk medicine

Due to its properties, white dung beetle has found application in folk medicine. For these purposes, mainly powders and extracts are used.

What you should pay attention to

White dung is a valuable food product that is often present on the table of mushroom lovers and connoisseurs, as a component of many dishes. However, during treatment, its use should be carried out on an ongoing basis and in a certain amount.

To get a positive effect, you should take into account when applying the useful and harmful properties of white dung beetle. Also, many people, especially the elderly, have several chronic diseases.

Only a doctor, and better a phytotherapist, can take all these points into account and prescribe the correct treatment. The information given below is for informational purposes only.

Cardiovascular diseases

The benefits of white dung beetle have found application as a preventive measure for cardiovascular diseases. Substances in its composition cleanse blood vessels, contribute to their strengthening, have a beneficial effect on the work of the heart.

Gastrointestinal diseases

The medicinal properties of white dung beetle are recommended for use with sluggish digestion and constipation. It helps with hemorrhoids.

With diabetes

Due to its pronounced ability to significantly reduce blood sugar levels, treatment with white dung beetle gives a good effect in diabetes mellitus.

For the liver

Treat white dung beetle diseases of the liver and gallbladder. Regular consumption of the mushroom restores liver cells, heals it.Dung beetle is also useful for stagnation of bile and other diseases of the gallbladder.

For the whole organism

White dung beetle is also useful for healthy people. The mushroom is a source of antioxidants, helps to cleanse the body, removing toxins and toxins, and strengthens the immune system.

Indoor cultivation

If you live in the southern part of the country, or just want to harvest mushrooms all year round, not just in summer, then you can try growing dung beetle under controlled conditions. Any room with a controlled or simply stable temperature is suitable for this - a barn, a cellar, a balcony, a greenhouse, a greenhouse, etc. The main thing is that the temperature is not lower than 15 ° С and not higher than 25 ° С.

Many are interested in how to remove white dung beetle in the basement. This mushroom really only needs a minimum of light, but the problem is that the dung beetle needs fresh air in sufficient quantities, which can be very difficult to implement in the basement. Otherwise, the technology is exactly the same as for growing in the garden. To save space, mycelium can be sown in boxes, which are then simply stacked on top of each other in a checkerboard pattern.

The main enemy of the mycelium is fever. Theoretically, mycelium can live for a short time even at temperatures of 30-35 ° C, but this should not be allowed. As soon as the thermometer exceeds 25 degrees, emergency measures should be taken to reduce the temperature.

Another threat posed by indoor mushroom cultivation is mice. The mycelium is often sold as wheat grains contaminated with white dung beetle spores. The grain also attracts rodents. Also, sometimes the appearance of insect larvae and snails can create a problem. The latter are most dangerous when growing mushrooms in the garden, but they can also settle in a greenhouse or basement.

Description of the Gunin tomato variety, yield, cultivation features

Tomato Gunin f1 grows in greenhouses under glass and film. The cultivation of a determinant variety of vegetable crops is also carried out in open beds. 100 days after the growing season, you can feast on the first fruits, which contain a lot of various trace elements and vitamins. Tomato juice and pulp:

Accelerates metabolism.
Reduces the amount of lipid deposits.
Increases hemoglobin levels.

Tomatoes serve as antioxidants. The components present in the fruit inhibit the growth of cancer cells.

Description of culture

The Gunin f1 hybrid is the first determinant variety that was bred in Russia, which is not afraid of many diseases, takes root in different climatic conditions, and tolerates sudden changes in air temperature. On bushes of medium height, up to 10 inflorescences are formed, the first of which is formed over 9 leaves. The fruits are characterized by:

dense pulp;
bright red tint;
smooth surface;
great taste;
rounded shape.

The first tomato ripens in 101-111 days and weighs 100-120 grams. The harvest begins in July. The last fruits are removed in September. The leaves and stems of the hybrid are not affected:

fusarium;
tobacco mosaic;
gall nematodes.

Sowing and transplanting

Thanks to the characteristics and description of the variety, the Gunin tomato began to be planted not only in the southern regions, but also in the middle lane. Summer residents and farmers like the taste of tomatoes and the fact that they ripen earlier than many other hybrids, and at least 5 fruits are tied on the inflorescence.

Seeds for seedlings are placed in the ground no deeper than 20 mm. The work is performed from March 1 to March 20. On a square meter of the greenhouse, you can accommodate 3 bushes of culture, on open soil - 2 tomatoes are enough. Seedlings are sent to a permanent bed in May, when frosts are no longer expected. Before such a procedure, she is fed with sodium humate. Fertilizer helps to accelerate growth, prevents the development of diseases.

3 grams of superphosphate are poured into the holes into which the tomato seedlings are moved. If flowers have already appeared, they must be cut off.

In order for the culture to please with the harvest, you need to get rid of the extra stems, after the appearance of the main one, leave another one formed under the first brush. Side shoots must be removed. Thanks to pinching, more light falls on the plant, the fruits are larger, ripen faster.

Watering and feeding

Fertilization helps to significantly increase yields. When a tomato starts to bloom, it needs phosphorus. If this microelement is not enough, the leaves acquire a purple color, with an excess they turn yellow, the ovary falls off. The growth of the crop slows down when there is a deficiency of nitrogen, when there is too much of it, the bush thickens, there are few ugly tomatoes.

Tomatoes respond well to feeding with chicken droppings, manure or peat. If possible, it is better to add fertilizer under each bush, which contains potassium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate and magnesium in a ratio of 3: 2: 1. Hybrids are watered once a week under the root, but abundantly.

Gunin tomatoes are used fresh, used for pickling, for juice. Reviews are only positive.

Accelerates metabolism.
Reduces the amount of lipid deposits.
Increases hemoglobin levels.