Mycena marshmallow

Description of mycene cap-shaped.

The cap of the mycene is bell-shaped in adolescence, with time it becomes half-extended, and a tubercle remains noticeable in the central part. The shape of the mushroom cap resembles a "bell skirt". Its diameter is 3-6 centimeters. The surface and edges of the cap are very grooved. The color of the cap is gray-brown, while the central part is darker. On the surface there is a characteristic radial scarring, which is most pronounced in old fruit chalk.

The pulp of the mycene is bell-shaped and thin. It has a mild powdery odor. Infrequent, free plates are located under the cap. Veins are located between the plates. The color of the plates is gray-white, later it becomes pale pink. Spore white powder.

The stem of the mycene is cap-shaped, rigid, hollow inside, and smooth and shiny outside. It is cylindrical and even in shape. Its height reaches 10 centimeters, and its girth is 0.5 centimeters. The upper part of the leg is whitish in color, and at the bottom it becomes brownish-gray. Characteristic hairs are visible at the base of the peduncle.

Poisonousness of mycene pure

In the tissues of the pure mycene, there is a small amount of poison, which provokes visual and auditory hallucinations. Visual perception changes, objects begin to move, colors intensify, imagination is played out and the perception of reality changes. Speech changes, music is heard in a new way, sensitivity to sounds increases.

Pure mycene contains muscarine, which causes contraction of the muscles of the stomach and other smooth muscle organs - the bladder, spleen and uterus. The pupils are severely constricted. Due to the effects of muscarine, the secretion of bile and pancreatic juice increases. In addition, increased salivation appears.

In case of poisoning with pure mycena, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea of ​​pain, or completely different symptoms may occur: dizziness, drunkenness, excessive agitation, the need for active movement. After that, trembling passes throughout the body, convulsions occur, the pulse quickens, breathing is disturbed, and the body temperature drops dramatically. With such symptoms, death can occur in a couple of days. If there is a recovery, then the body recovers extremely slowly, and the blood clots very badly.

Help with pure mycena poisoning

First of all, when poisoning with mushrooms, the stomach and intestines are cleared, this is done with the help of emetics and enemas. Castor oil is drunk in large doses. Atropine, which is an antidote to muscarine, is injected subcutaneously.

Definitioner

rare (rare smell)

In mycology, a rare smell, English. "Raphanoid", is interpreted very loosely and often denotes any smell of raw root vegetables, including potato, ie. not necessarily as sharp, sharp, and crisp as black or white radish.

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Anastomoses (Anastomosis)

1) Fusion of cells of branched hyphae or germ tubes of germinating spores;

2) Connecting the plates of the fruiting bodies of the mushrooms with jumpers.

Amyloid (Amyloid structure)

The structure is called amyloid if from Melzer's reagent (solution of 0.5 g of crystalline iodine + 1.5 g of potassium iodide + 20 ml of chloral hydrate + 20 ml of distilled water) turns blue, violet, sometimes almost black.

See Dextrinoid structure.

Help with poisoning

Since the symptoms of pure mycene poisoning develop quickly, even before the poisonous fungus is completely digested, the most effective help will be gastric lavage and emptying of the intestines. The victim should drink a large amount of a warm, weak solution of soda or potassium permanganate, and then, by pressing on the base of the tongue, induce a vomiting reaction. Then take activated charcoal well mixed in a glass of water (at least one tablet for every 10 kg of body weight), make an enema and drink a laxative (castor oil). After emptying the stomach and intestines, you need to take a comfortable position, warm your arms and legs. As an antidote for muscarine, atropine is used, which is administered subcutaneously in a hospital setting.

Dangerous hallucinogenic mushrooms are found not only in the writings of Carlos Castaneda, but also in Russian forests. The substances that make up the fruiting bodies of pure mycena, along with a distortion of reality, cause serious poisoning with long-term negative consequences.

Poisonousness of mycene pure

In the tissues of the pure mycene, there is a small amount of poison, which provokes visual and auditory hallucinations. Visual perception changes, objects begin to move, colors intensify, imagination is played out and the perception of reality changes. Speech changes, music is heard in a new way, sensitivity to sounds increases.

Pure mycene contains muscarine, which causes contraction of the muscles of the stomach and other smooth muscle organs - the bladder, spleen and uterus. The pupils are severely constricted. Due to the effects of muscarine, the secretion of bile and pancreatic juice increases. In addition, increased salivation appears.

In case of poisoning with pure mycena, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea of ​​pain, or completely different symptoms may occur: dizziness, drunkenness, excessive agitation, the need for active movement. After that, trembling passes throughout the body, convulsions occur, the pulse quickens, breathing is disturbed, and the body temperature drops dramatically. With such symptoms, death can occur in a couple of days. If there is a recovery, then the body recovers extremely slowly, and the blood clots very badly.

Help with pure mycena poisoning

First of all, when poisoning with mushrooms, the stomach and intestines are cleared, this is done with the help of emetics and enemas. Castor oil is drunk in large doses. Atropine, which is an antidote to muscarine, is injected subcutaneously.

LAT Mycena pura Inedible Synonyms: Agaricus purus, Gymnopus purus

Specifications:

Systematics:

Pure mycena is inedible, moreover, it is poisonous and has hallucinogenic properties due to the muscarine contained in it. Psychoactivity is poorly expressed.

general characteristics

Mycena is the Latin name for this type of mushroom. Among the inhabitants of the ecosystem, they take the place of destructors (or reducers) - living organisms that perform the function of decomposing the organic remains of other creatures and the products of their vital activity. This process is the closing link in the trophic chain. Destructors are able to transform organic matter so that it becomes suitable for consumption by producing plants. They return nutrients to the soil in the form of mineral salts, carbon dioxide.

there are many varieties of mycena, among them there are both poisonous specimens and conditionally edible

Mycena pura

Synonyms:

• Agaricus purus
• Gymnopus purus

External description

Hat: at first it has the shape of a hemisphere, then it becomes wide-conical or blunt-bell-shaped to convex, outstretched. Ripe mushrooms sometimes have a raised edge. The surface of the cap is slightly slimy, pale gray-brown in color. In the center of a darker shade, the edges of the cap are striped, translucent, grooved. The diameter of the cap is 2-4cm.

Plates: rather rare, indulgent. Can be narrow adherent or wide adherent. Smooth or slightly wrinkled, with veins and transverse bridges at the base of the cap. White or grayish white in color. Along the edges of a lighter shade.

Spore powder: white.

Micromorphology: Spores are elongated, cylindrical, clavate.

Leg: Hollow inside, fragile, cylindrical. Leg length up to 9cm. thickness - up to 0.3 cm. The surface of the leg is smooth. The upper part is covered with a matte coating. A fresh mushroom secretes a large amount of a watery liquid at the fracture of the stem. At the base, the pedicle is covered with long, coarse, whitish hairs. In dried specimens, the stem is shiny.

Flesh: thin, watery, grayish in color. The smell of the mushroom is a bit sparse, sometimes pronounced.

Spreading

Mycena pure (Mycena pura) is found on the litter of dead hardwood, grows in small groups. Also found on mossy trunks in deciduous forest. Sometimes, as an exception, it can settle on spruce wood. A common species in Europe, North America and Southwest Asia. Fruiting from early spring to early summer. Occasionally found in autumn.

Edibility

It is not eaten because of the unpleasant smell, but in some sources, the mushroom is classified as poisonous.

Contains Muscarine. Considered mildly hallucinogenic.

Remarks

This species is included in the Red Lists in some European countries: France, Norway, Latvia, Denmark. In the Red Book of the Russian Federation, Mycena pura is not listed. Mycena (lat.Mycena) is a genus of mushrooms of the Mycenaceae family.

Mushroom photo Mycena clean from questions in recognition: