Description of warty pseudo-raincoat
The diameter of the fruiting body of the warty pseudo-raincoat is 2-5 centimeters. The shape of the fungus is tuberous. The surface is scaly, brownish in color. The skin covering the mushroom is rough, corky. Hats and legs are not included.
The pulp is white in color with yellow veins, over time it becomes olive or gray-brown. The pulp is dense in structure. In ripe specimens, the flesh cracks. The pulp has a pleasant taste and smell.
Places of growth of warty pseudo-raincoats
False raincoats are common. They mostly grow in groups. They settle in forests, as a rule, on forest edges, in grass, along roads and in clearings. The fruiting period is August-October.
The difference between warty raincoats and false raincoats
Sometimes warty pseudo-raincoats are confused with edible types of raincoats. A distinctive feature of a warty pseudo-raincoat from a raincoat is that its pulp does not become dusty. In addition, the raincoat has a snow-white soft pulp that emits a pleasant mushroom aroma.
Evaluation of the taste of warty pseudo-raincoats
Warty puffin is an inedible fungus. In small doses, it can be used as a spice, but in large quantities it causes poisoning.
Relatives of warty pseudo-raincoats
The warty pseudo-raincoat is outwardly similar to its congeners - the common pseudo-raincoat and the spotted pseudo-raincoat.
The shape of the fruiting body of the common pseudo-raincoat is ovoid or spherical, without a leg. Its diameter is 3-5 centimeters. When the mushroom ripens, its shell breaks in different directions.
The common pseudo-raincoat is the most common among the rest of the pseudo-raincoats. These mushrooms settle on rotten wood or in the ground. They are found in deciduous and coniferous forests, meadows, fields and gardens. These mushrooms can easily tolerate prolonged drought. The raincoat is inedible, and in large quantities it is considered poisonous.
Spotted raincoat is an inedible member of the family that provokes gastrointestinal disorders. Its fruit body is small - no more than 5 centimeters in diameter. Its shape is spherical or pear-shaped. Sometimes there is a false, unexpressed leg, but more often it is absent.
Spotted raincoats settle in deciduous and coniferous forests, where they form mutually beneficial alliances with trees. They love to grow in moist forests. These fungi are abundant in the temperate northern zone, and possibly grow in the temperate southern zone.
Treatment with a giant raincoat mushroom
The pulp of the mushroom is used externally and internally. The pulp is applied externally to wounds or malignant ulcers resulting from skin cancer. Internally, a decoction or vodka tincture of young fruiting bodies of the fungus is used as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory for chronic tonsillitis, throat swellings, for kidney diseases and for suppressing the development of malignant tumors and leukemia.
Traditional medicines based on Langermannia spores effectively reduce blood viscosity, high blood pressure, help with angina pectoris, gastrointestinal diseases, and strengthen immunity in the treatment of benign and malignant tumors. In Bulgarian medicine, water infusions of spores are used internally for diseases of the bladder, including bladder cancer.
Spores can be safely applied to the bleeding surface of the wound and used externally as a pain reliever and for the healing of festering wounds and skin malignant ulcers.
Spore preparations are also used for diseases of the lymphatic system and sarcoidosis, endocrine diseases (goiter, diabetes, adrenal dysfunction), pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous intoxication, pleurisy, bronchial asthma.
Several possible methods of preparation and use:
Powder: take 1 teaspoon of spore powder with water, 1 time per day, in the evening before bedtime. The course of treatment is 2 months, in severe cases (poisoning) - 1/2 tsp. powder 6-8 times a day. For diseases of the lymphatic system (lymph nodes) and sarcoidosis - 1 teaspoon 2 times a day, the course - until cure.
Infusion: 1 dec. pour a spoonful of spore mushroom powder with a glass of hot water (70 ° C) and insist under a lid in a porcelain or glass dish for 40 minutes, take 1/2 cup 2 times a day before meals in small sips.
Tincture: prepared with vodka in a ratio of 1: 5. Infuse spores in a dark, warm place for 2 weeks. Take the tincture inside for 1-2 teaspoons 3-4 times a day before meals. The course is 3-4 weeks with a mandatory weekly break.
In case of cancer: pour 1 glass of spore powder into 0.5 liters of vodka, close the jar with a nylon lid and bury it in the ground to a depth of 30 cm. After 24 days, dig it out without shaking, strain and take 1 tbsp. spoon 3 times daily before meals.
To prevent the formation of kidney and bladder stones, bread sprinkled with spore powder from a raincoat is taken inside.
With postpartum hemorrhage: 3 teaspoons of spore powder per 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 2 hours, drain. Take 1 tbsp. spoon 3 times a day.
What do edible mushrooms look like?
What do edible mushroom raincoats look like? They come in different sizes, from the smallest to the largest. The fruiting body of the fungus is covered with two membranes. The uppermost one is painted in a white shade, with the presence of small cracks, thorns or scales. As the slicker begins to mature, the top layer falls off, revealing the bottom layer, which is light brown or muddy brown. The lower layer of the fungus hides the spores, which at the time of ripening make their way through the upper cracks of the fruiting body of the raincoat.
It is not difficult to recognize them if you know that the last species is more rounded, with a slightly flattened shape, does not have a leg, the surface is always smooth and painted in a white, off-white or yellow hue. In addition, you can tell an edible raincoat from an inedible one by the smell and appearance of the hat. False mushrooms have a very hard and leathery skin, under which rotting flesh is dark purple in color and an eerie fetid odor, reminiscent of the smell of rotted raw potatoes. Edible raincoats have a pleasant aroma, and the flesh is white.
Which department of mushrooms does the raincoat belong to? This species belongs to such a department as basidiomycota, which includes all types of fungi that produce spores (basidia) in clavate structures. On such frequently asked questions: an edible or inedible mushroom raincoat? is it possible to eat a raincoat mushroom? - experts give a positive answer. But it should only be remembered that edible raincoats are edible only at a young age, while the mushroom is still white.
Mushroom raincoat.
We select the wheels
It's not difficult to deal with wheels - if you plan to drive a wheelbarrow on asphalt, then you don't need to get too carried away with the choice of wheels. The one-wheel garden wheelbarrow is found on the market in a smaller range.
Wheels can be either inflatable or cast; they also differ in diameter. As a rule, the manufacturer equips his unit with those wheels that will ride freely under the recommended weight.
If the body is overloaded, such wheels may not withstand the load, deflate until they are completely deformed. Therefore, to play it safe, cast wheels or with a larger diameter are often chosen.
Dusty bombs
Is the raincoat mushroom edible or not?
Raincoats or Lycoperdon is a genus of mushrooms from the Champignon family. They are widespread in the forests of Central Russia, especially at the end of summer, and are very well known not only to fans of quiet hunting, but also to most residents of the country, especially in the second stage of maturation, when the tissues of the fungus dry out and, with any rough touch, it bursts. exploding into a dark cloud of spore powder. In the glorious old days, Soviet children had a favorite pastime at the end of summer to walk and "clap" ripe raincoats. At the same time, everyone knew that young - white raincoats should not be touched, and besides the fact that they could be used to cook soup.
Among the people, the raincoat has many original names - bombs, smoky, dust collectors, pyrkhovka, tobacco mushroom, smokestacks, devil's tavlinka, golovach, wolf tobacco, grandfathers, or grandfather's tobacco, and many others - similar. At the same time, these mushrooms are called directly by Raincoats, hare potatoes or bee sponges at an early stage of development, when their fruit body is still dense and white. It is believed that this mushroom got its name for its tendency to grow especially violently after rains.
Similar species
A false raincoat resembles edible raincoats, but differs from them due to the dark color of the pulp and its firmness. Also, the hero of the article has a lot in common with the poisonous bulbous pseudo-raincoat (Scleroderma cepa) - it differs from the second species by the presence of scales on the surface.
Scleroderma macrorhizon grows on sandy soils and has a rather long pseudopod, which differs from the hero of the article. There is no information about its edibility.
The common one differs from the inedible warty pseudo-raincoat (Scleroderma verrucosum) by the absence of a leg-shaped part, while the former has it. Well, based on the name, the warty has a thinner skin than the false one, the skin is covered with small growths. And it is smaller in size. Like another similar species, the Scleroderma areolatum, which also has a pseudopod.
Fortunately, you are unlikely to be able to poison yourself with an ordinary pseudo-raincoat - it has little in common with edible mushrooms, and those that look like it are also inedible or poisonous. Therefore, when you meet, it is easiest to leave him and continue to grow in the forest.
Raincoat Ordinary or Thorny Lycoperdon Perlatum
Is the raincoat mushroom edible or not?
The most famous and popular among the edible raincoats, also known as the Pearl Raincoat.
Appearance
The fruit body has a pear-shaped shape, the upper spherical part can reach a diameter of up to 5 cm, the lower cylindrical part is a false stem, reaches a height of 6, and a diameter of up to 2.2 cm.
In young mushrooms, the fruit body is white and dense, its upper part is covered with a net of small and large white spines, up to several millimeters long. The spines are very fragile and fall off easily when touched.
The false pedicle consists of dense, sterile tissue, and the upper spherical part is filled with white, or slightly grayish, gleb. As the gleb matures, it turns yellow inside and is divided into chambers sent by the spore-bearing layer, and when the ripening process is over, only a thick mass of brown-olive spore powder, separated by a few fibers, will remain inside. The outer surface of the fruiting body, during this time, becomes brownish-brown, and a hole is formed on top for the ejection of spores.
Mushroom raincoat ordinary how to cook
The mushroom is edible at an early stage, until its flesh turns yellow. There is information that some people eat mushrooms that have already begun to dry out, but it is unlikely - this is correct - that toxins in the mushroom do not appear with aging, but the taste disappears completely. Many connoisseurs consider this mushroom a true delicacy, rumored to be especially adored in Italy. Most often, raincoats are fried or made into soup from them. There are few rules for eating the Raincoat:
- Raincoats deteriorate very quickly after cutting, so they must be prepared immediately after collection.
- These mushrooms do not require preliminary boiling, but they should not be eaten raw either.
- Before cooking, the top skin must be removed from the fruit bodies - it is too tough. But if you want to pickle this mushroom, then you can leave the skin.
Scleroderma Areolatum
Is the raincoat mushroom edible or not?
An inedible mushroom from the genus Downsweet, Scleroderma family. Also known as Panther Panther and Scleroderma Leopard.
Appearance
The fruiting body is up to 5 cm in diameter. It is spherical or pear-shaped. It may have a short - up to 1.5 cm false leg, turning into the mycelium filaments.The outer shell, in young specimens, is dense, although not thick, has a whitish or creamy color, reddening when pressed, in mature specimens it is yellowish-brown and covered with peculiar brownish scales, which makes it similar to a leopard skin. In the oldest fruiting bodies, the scales fall off, and the surface is covered with a mesh pattern, eventually breaking through in the upper part to throw out the spores.
The pulp is initially light in color and fleshy, then darkens to olive brown with light veins, eventually turning into a dark brown spore powder.
Where and when it grows
This species loves moist deciduous and coniferous forests, forest edges, open light places - lawns and gardens. Widespread in the northern temperate zone. Fruiting from August to October in groups, rarely singly.
The nutritional value
The mushroom is officially considered inedible and, when consumed in large quantities, causes a serious eating disorder. There is no reliable data on its use in food, in any form, yet.
Similar to raincoats
The Spotted False Raincoat, due to its soft surface, is more like real raincoats than its other brethren, but it is easy to distinguish it by the color of its inner flesh and its signature leopard print.
Raincoats are absolutely wonderful mushrooms. They give an excellent gourmet meal to a lucky and knowledgeable collector who found them at the moment of edibility, and to those who were late and found them in the “anther” stage - the opportunity to fool around, kick them, letting out a spore cloud, and again feeling like a naughty child.
Common pseudo-raincoat
Common pseudo-raincoat is a mushroom representative of the scleroderma family.
Botanical characteristic
According to the botanical description, a simple false puffball belongs to the polyphyletic group of gasteromycetes from the class of Basidiomycetes, has a special structure of the fruiting body, which can open when ripe or remain completely closed.
In the fungus, the fruit body is of several forms: tuberous, ovoid or spherical flattened, reniform at the cut site. It looks like a potato. V the bottom of the fruit the body is slightly narrowed, consists of tapered mycelium fibers, often wrinkled. The diameter of the mushroom is from 3 to 12 cm, the length is 3-6 cm. The mushroom leg is absent.
The fungus shell (peridium) consists of one layer 2 to 4 mm thick. The structure is dense, leathery, scaly, or covered with warts. The color of the peridium is brown, yellow with ocher, and turns red when cut. As it ripens, the mushroom shell breaks in different directions.
The pulp (gleb) in young specimens is yellow-white. As it grows, it acquires a dark shade - it becomes purple up to black or completely black with white veins. The structure of the mushroom pulp retains its firmness for a long time until, after the final ripening, it breaks down into gray-yellow fragments and an olive-colored spore powder.
Young specimens have a distinct spicy smell, similar in description to potato. The taste is not pronounced.
The pseudo-raincoat mushroom is inedible.
Geography of distribution
Common pseudo-raincoat is the most common among the entire genus. On the territory of Russia, it is found in the European part, in the North Caucasian regions and in the Far Eastern regions. Grows in small colonies and singly. It can withstand drought for a long time.
The fungus grows in small colonies
As a habitat, he prefers soil for rotten wood, choosing illuminated areas of woodlands in places where deciduous and coniferous trees grow, meadow glades, fields and forest edges. It is widespread in heather wastelands (heaths) depleted in potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus, near the roadbed and near young plantings.Selects dry sandstones and pebble soils, grows among mosses and sparse grasses.
Similar varieties
The common false raincoat has similar varieties:
- bulbous is distinguished by an areolated mushroom shell and a prickly spore powder without a reticular pattern inherent in an ordinary species;
- orange has a long pseudopod and grows in other areas, preferring only sand dunes;
- warty and spotted are smaller and thinner, up to 1 mm, mushroom shell with scales, as well as a long pseudopod.
Gastronomic qualities
The inedible lemon false slicker is not suitable for gastronomic purposes. When consumed in large doses, it causes mild poisoning, which results in disorders in the work of the gastrointestinal tract. Fixed allergic reactions caused by fungal spore powder, which are expressed in the form of inflammation of the conjunctiva and nasal mucosa.
In small quantities, young, non-overgrown specimens are acceptable for food use and are added as an ingredient in culinary dishes, because have a taste and smell similar to truffles.
Pukalka mushrooms. Wolf bunch, partridge leg and cow tongue
Do you know what it is? If interested, go under cat. There is also about the king's egg, the pipes of the dead, and even something more fun. The folk language is always striking in its imagery and accuracy. Here we saw a standing mushroom-raincoat in the forest, slapped on it with a foot, and a grayish smoke of spores flew out of it. Isn't it a wolf bunch? If he is still young and white, dense, then his ugly name does not hurt at all to send him to the frying pan with his brothers.
Mushrooms in Spain love and know how to collect no less than ours. And they even run around the forest with some kind of devices. I don't know exactly what kind of device, but on TV they show: a man is walking, walking, looking not at his feet, but at the device, then - bam! - and went out on the mushroom. In general, as elsewhere, porcini mushrooms are most valued, they are called there by the Latin name boletus and can cost up to 120 euros per kilo on the market. There are a lot of saffron milk caps, and there are two varieties. They are even sold in banks in supermarkets. But there is also something more exotic - mushrooms that are unlikely to be found in central Russia (if you did, tell me). Well, for example, one of the most delicious mushrooms is the king's egg, otherwise - the Caesar mushroom. It is from the same genus as the pale grebe with fly agarics, from the Amish, but edible so much that they can be eaten raw. But I didn’t come across them, and even if I did get caught, it’s still scary, even if it’s not easy to confuse them with dangerous relatives.
But the leg of the partridge (pie de perdiz) can be found in Russia under the name no less funny - purple moss.
Eric Steinert Trumpets of the Dead or Trumpets of Death (Trompeta de la muerte or trompeta de los muertos), despite their sinister appearance and name, are quite edible, tasty and valuable mushrooms. In season it can be found fresh in markets and supermarkets, and not in season in dried form. I have not met in the forest, but there are chances. In Russia, his name is simply a gray chanterelle, in fact it is a chanterelle.
A cow's (or in some regions, cat's) tongue is considered very delicacy when young, until it has acquired excessive hardness and bitterness. Here he came across to me quite often, and it seems that both in Russia and in Spain, but - all the fault of my former ignorance - inspired primitive horror. It would be necessary to somehow correct this omission and find it again somewhere. In Russian, it is called the hedgehog, so it evokes animalistic associations not only among the Spaniards.
There is another rather exotic-looking mushroom - cardo, in translation it seems like thistle, burdock, but this word is used in Spain for many different plants, including edible ones.And although Wikipedia claims that in Russian it will be "steppe oyster mushroom", I am tormented by vague doubts because of some dissimilarity of these species. True, variability, especially depending on the growing zone, is not uncommon in the kingdom of mushrooms. Of course, mushrooms are not found everywhere in Spain. In autumn, it happens that umbrellas, champignons or honey mushrooms come across even in city parks, but if we are talking about a mushroom-hunting expedition, then you have to go to the mountains, to the height of coniferous forests with good undergrowth. Fortunately, there are many such mountains in almost any autonomous community. We used to go mushroom picking in the Sierra de Guadarrama near Madrid. Mushroom picking in those parts is a very sporting activity, because you have to constantly go down and up the slopes, along the streams. But nevertheless it is pleasant, and as a result - boletus, white, mushrooms and mushrooms.
Butterlets outwardly differ greatly from the ones we are used to in Russia, and as for honey agarics, they are not considered particularly edible there at all. They have thick and almost stiff legs, and hats with a nice umbrella.
For fans of mushroom picking in the fall, they organize mycological tours, with an educational program on the types of edible and inedible mushrooms and with tasting mushroom dishes in local rural restaurants. There are places where "wild" mushroom pickers are not welcome. At least, when a group of several dozen Romanian Gypsies with trucks camped in a protected area and in a week clears mushroom resources at the root. But in any case, there are many opportunities to satisfy your passion for quiet hunting in Spain, with all respect for the environment. Oh, yes, the promise is fun. I just can't pass by and not mention it. In Spain, such a mushroom, even if it grows, is not particularly appreciated (unlike even neighboring France), but in Russia, they say, it is harvested. It is called Veselka ordinary, and it is very Russian: allegorically and cleverly. And fun, of course. In all other languages, starting with Latin, it is called without equivocation: the phallus is shameless. (And how can we not recall the sensational program of Kuryokhin with Sholokhov about "Lenin mushroom", which was sensational in the early 90s?) I did not come across, but it's a pity. I really would like to have fun.
Botanical description
In a raincoat, the cap and the leg form one fruiting body. It, depending on the species, reaches various sizes and weights: from a few grams to two kilograms. Shape: round, ovoid or pear-shaped. The surface of the dust collector can be white, grayish-white or yellow, sometimes covered with warts or small thorns. The white pulp, as it ripens, shrinks and transforms into a dark spore powder, which is released through a hole in the crown of the mushroom and spreads through the air. The body of an adult tobacco fungus is covered with a two-layer shell. The inner shell is leathery, and the outer one is smooth.
Edibility
A raincoat is an edible mushroom, but due to its personality, some peculiarities must be considered:
- If the cut is the pulp with a yellow or green tint, then such a mushroom is not suitable for eating. It should be firm, pure white, uniform and firm.
- It is only necessary to collect young mushrooms. This representative of the mushroom kingdom is aging rapidly. And such fruiting bodies are no longer suitable for consumption.
Edible types of raincoats:
Giant. The giant or bighead (Langermannia gigantea) is a huge ball, but sometimes it can be a little flattened. The weight can be up to 8 kg. Covered with smooth or flaky skin. In an adult mushroom, the color changes from white to dirty green. The pulp is crumbly. This is a rare species and is not often found in the middle lane. Grows in meadows, fields or old pastures; can be found in deciduous forests.
Pear-shaped (Lycoperdon pyriforme). The name comes from the shape of the fruiting body, which looks like a pear. Its thickest part reaches about 7 cm in diameter and about 5 cm in length. The young body of a milky color is covered with a double shell, from which a small false pedicle departs. The outer layer is prickly, covered with cracks or scales.In an adult fungus, the thorns fall off and this layer begins to crack. The inner gray-brown or yellowish membrane opens, which closes the spores. They penetrate through the holes on the top of the raincoat after ripening.
Thorny (Lycoperdon perlatum). Also known as pearl, black, or needle-like. The shape is pear-shaped, slightly flattened. They grow from 2 to 7 cm in diameter and up to 4 cm in height. The skin is covered with small thorns or warts. Initially white in color, and over time - gray and purple-brown, which is already a sign of unsuitability for food. Harvesting begins in early July and ends in early September.
Elongated golovach (Calvatia excipuliformis). Outwardly, it resembles a bubble pulled down to the bottom. It looks smooth, but on closer inspection, you can see that it is covered with inconspicuous, delicate, thin spines. The flesh of a young mushroom is white, an adult is dark, sometimes almost black. Mushroom pickers are often confused with pseudo-raincoats because of the combination: the absence of pseudopods and the presence of needles.
Lugovoi's raincoat (Lycoperdon pratense or Vascellum pratense). White spherical shape, which flattens and turns brown over time. Small sizes from 1 to 6 cm in diameter and from 1 to 5 cm in height. Has a wrinkled pseudopod. It grows mainly on forest edges, meadows and glades. Use only at a young age.
In addition to edible species, there are also false ones:
Warty slicker (Scleroderma verrucosum). The poisonous representative of the tuberous form is yellowish-gray, and over time, light brown, with hard and thick skin. Up to 5 cm in diameter. The complete absence of the leg is characteristic. Combined, the aroma can be compared to the smell of raw potatoes and herbs.
Raincoat Ordinary or orange (Scleroderma citrinum). The fruiting body is up to 6 cm in diameter. Form - tuberous, smooth. The shell is thick, dirty yellow or brown in color with small scales in the upper half of the mushroom. The pulp is white, but when ripe it turns black with white fibers. The smell can be compared to a truffle.
Spotted, panther or leopard sclerodema (Scleroderma areolatum). Mushroom pear-shaped or spherical. The diameter is from 1 to 5 cm. The leg is absent. The skin is smooth and thin. White or cream color, at a more mature age changes to brownish yellow. The leopard print is created by small scales scattered over the surface, with characteristic rims. The white flesh, as it ripens, changes to greenish brown or dark purple with white veins. The smell is sweet.
How to make a garden wheelbarrow with your own hands? Detailed description
It is impossible to do without a wheelbarrow in a private house. It is used to move goods around the site: bricks and other building materials, firewood, coal, leaves, etc. The trolley has a simple structure, which differs in the number of wheels and material of manufacture. The choice of option depends on the intended use of the transport device.
In the article below we will tell you how to make a wheelbarrow with your own hands and what to look for during the task
The easiest option is a steel wagon. You can also use wood, but it will only participate in the construction of certain parts. The frame under the basket wheels must be made of metal only. Wood is great for building and manufacturing a wide variety of DIY tool trolley parts. According to the established dimensions, which will be determined for your convenience, a frame is made of a profile pipe.
The uprights are welded at the corners of the frame on both sides. They should be the selected size of 8 pieces. On the outside of the uprights, the walls are made of plank or sheet steel. You should not use a professional sheet, because it is rather thin and wears out quickly.
Beneficial features
The calvacin contained in the mushroom has antibiotic and antifungal effects.The anticancer effect of calvacin was experimentally proven: in experiments on animals with cancerous tumors, the use of the pulp of these mushrooms reduced the size of the neoplasms. Fresh pulp of pseudo-raincoats has the ability to stop capillary bleeding, fight skin diseases, and relieve local inflammation.
Young scleroderma vaguely resemble truffles in taste and smell, so gourmets sometimes use them in cooking as a spicy seasoning.
At the same time, it is necessary to add them in a very limited amount, so as not to provoke digestive disorders.
How to collect and procure
For eating, it is worth collecting young mushrooms with white pulp, but for the preparation of medicinal preparations, if a spore powder is indicated, more mature mushrooms are needed.
Such a product is harvested for the winter in different ways:
- dried in pieces or whole;
- pickled or salted;
- frozen in the freezer followed by slices; small fruits are frozen whole.
The raincoat is giant.
In any form, the product does not lose its taste and useful qualities. If you decide to collect raincoats, do it in dry, sunny weather, otherwise your harvest by the time you return home will turn into something resembling dirty rags, which you can no longer eat. Materials from the following sites were used as sources:
