Serrated lepiota (serrated umbrella)

Poisonous Lepiota - a frail but deadly poisonous mushroom

Immature mushrooms have conical caps, a centimeter in diameter, but as they mature, they become open. The cap has a well-visible brownish-red tubercle. The surface of the mushroom is covered with a white skin dotted with sparse brown scales.

The shape of the leg is cylindrical.

The color of the leg is fawn, and the base is purple-violet. The height of the leg reaches 5 centimeters, and the diameter is up to 0.5 centimeters.

But the leg has a fragile ring. These mushrooms grow not only in forests, but also in steppes, parks, glades, and forest plantations. Lepiota Bradisson begins to actively bear fruit in the fall. Save my details for future comments. Types of mushrooms Edible mushrooms Conditionally edible mushrooms Inedible mushrooms Poisonous mushrooms Hallucinogenic mushrooms. First courses with mushrooms: recipes Second courses from mushrooms Salads with mushrooms Baking with mushrooms, pies, quiche, pizza.

Description of the poisonous lepiota

Mushrooms Lepiot mushroom brown-red. Among the kingdom of poisonous mushrooms in the middle zone of the Russian Federation, brown-red or chestnut lepiota stands apart. This representative of the forest flora is a mortal danger to humans.

Contents 1 What poisonous lepiots look like 2 Where poisonous lepiots grow 3 Is it possible to eat poisonous lepiots 4 Symptoms of poisoning 5 First aid for poisoning 6 Prevention recommendations 7 Twins and their differences 8 Conclusion. The ring is fragile, white, and may be absent in adult specimens. Cyanides cause damage to the brain and central nervous system.

Nitriles cause respiratory spasm, leading to paralysis. There is a ring on the leg of the lepiota swollen spore, which disappears with age.

Description of the structure of a dangerous mushroom

The Latin name for the mushroom is Lepiota helveola. It is also called Lepiota brick-red. It is a deadly species that belongs to the Champignon family, genus Lepiota.

The grayish-red cap of the mushroom has a diameter of 2 to 7 cm. At the beginning of the growth of the fruiting body, it is bell-shaped, later it becomes semi-rounded, and by the time of ripening it is flat or, less often, convex-outstretched. The tubercle in the center is grayish brown with a cherry tint.

Dark-colored scales are arranged in circles on the cap. By the middle, they are combined into a complete cover. The plates under the cap are thin, frequent, and free. Initially, their color is white, then it changes to yellowish green as the mushroom matures. Spores are colorless.

The cylindrical leg has a diameter of 5 to 8 mm, and a height of 2 to 4 cm. It is located centrally, at the base it may be slightly curved. The upper part is light, and the lower is brown-cherry.

The flesh is white in the area of ​​the cap and creamy on the stem. Young mushrooms have a pleasant smell and taste. The aroma usually resembles roasted almonds. As the fruiting body matures, its smell changes and is similar to a mixture of gasoline with kerosene.

A bit of history

The mushroom has been known for a long time, but it was officially described and classified only in 1889 by the Swiss mycologist Charles-Edouard Martin and botanist and chemist Robert Hippolyte Stod.

(umbrella poisonous)

or brick red lepiota

✎ Affiliation and generic features

Poisonous lepiota (Latin Lepiota helveola), and in another way - brick-red lepiota, or poisonous umbrella is a species of the genus Lepiota (silverfish) (Latin Lepiota), from the mushroom family (otherwise agaric) (Latin Agaricaceae), infinitely large order agaric (lamellar) (lat. Agaricales). Poisonous Lepiota belongs to the deadly poisonous species, and contains dangerous cyanide poisons that cause fatal poisoning! It is to this opinion that mycologists all over the world come almost unconditionally.

✎ Similar views

Poisonous Lepiota has many similar twins, and especially among its relatives, it differs from them mainly in a creamy-white-brown hat with dark scales located in concentric circles, connecting in the center and forming a finished cover of a brick-purple color. Scaly lepiota can be confused with cystoderm fungi (and especially with red cystoderm), suitable for human consumption (but this is already unconditionally dangerous), from which scaly lepiota differs in the same scales merging in the center of the cap and forming an inseparable cover of brick-crimson-colored scales , which cystoderms do not have, and the absence of a membrane ring on the pedicle, which is clearly visible in cystoderms, and the larger size of the fruiting body.

✎ Brief description and application

Poisonous lepiota belongs to the section of lamellar fungi and the spores with which it reproduces rest in its plates. The plates are wide, frequent, loose, cream-colored with a slightly noticeable greenish tinge. The cap is very small, convex or flat-spread, with slightly lowered or bent inward edges of the color of stale meat, covered with dark pressed scales, in the form of concentric circles and zones converging in the center, forming a wide cover of brick-red color. The stem is cylindrical in shape, low and with fibrous remnants from the ring in the center, pale cream (above the ring at the cap) and dark brick-crimson (under the ring at the base). The flesh is dense, creamy in the cap and upper part of the leg, red-brownish in the lower part of the leg, with a sweetish odor.

It is impossible to taste poisonous lepiota without hesitation, it is deadly poisonous !!!

For insects, see Silverfish.

Lepiote, or silverfish (Latin Lepiota) is a genus of mushrooms of the Champignon family (Agaricaceae).

Theolepiota golden (Phaeolepiota aurea)

• Other names for the mushroom:
• Golden umbrella
• Mustard plaster
• Herbal flakes

Synonyms:

• Agaricus aureus
• Pholiota aurea
• Togaria aurea
• Cystoderma aureum
• Agaricus vahlii

Description of the mushroom

The cap is 5-25 cm in diameter, in youth from hemispherical to hemispherical-bell-shaped, with age it becomes convex-prostrate, with a small tubercle. The surface of the cap is matte, grainy, of a bright golden yellow, ocher yellow, ocher color, an orange tint is possible. The edge of the cap of mature mushrooms may have a fringed remnant of a private bedspread. The granularity of the cap is more pronounced at a young age, up to scaly, with age it decreases, up to disappearance. At a young age, along the edge of the cap, at the place of attachment of the private bedspread, a strip of a darker shade may appear.

The pulp is white, yellowish, may be reddish in the stem. Thick, fleshy. Without any special smell.

The plates are frequent, thin, curved, adherent. The color of the plates ranges from whitish, yellowish, pale ocher, or light clay at a young age, to rusty brown in mature mushrooms. In young mushrooms, the plates are completely covered with a dense filmy private veil of the same color as the cap, possibly a slightly darker or lighter shade.

Spore powder, rusty brown. Spores are oblong, pointed, 10..13 x 5..6 μm in size.

The leg is 5-20 cm high (up to 25), straight, with a slight thickening at the base, possibly widened in the middle, granular, matte, longitudinally wrinkled, at a young age smoothly turning into a private veil, also granular, radially wrinkled. At a young age, the granularity is very pronounced, up to scaly. The color of the leg is the same as that of the coverlet (like the cap, possibly of a darker or lighter shade).With age, the veil breaks, a wide, hanging ring remains on the leg, the color of the leg, with brown or brown-ocher scales, which can cover almost, or even the entire area, giving the veil a completely brown appearance. With age, towards the old age of the fungus, the ring decreases noticeably in size. Above the ring, the leg is smooth, at a young age, light, of the same color as the plates, there may be whitish or yellowish small flakes on it, then, with the maturation of the spores, the plates begin to darken, the leg remains lighter, but then it also darkens, reaching the same rusty brown color as the plates of the old mushroom.

Habitat

Theolepiota golden grows from the second half of July to the end of October, in groups, including large ones. Prefers rich, fertile soils - meadows, pastures, fields, grows along roads, near nettles, near bushes. Can grow in clearings in light deciduous and larch forests. The mushroom is considered rare, it is listed in the Red Book of part of the regions of Russia.

Similar species

This fungus has no similar species. However, in the photographs, when viewed from above, the pheolepiota can be confused with a ringed cap, but this is only in photographs, and only when viewed from above.

Edibility

Previously, golden pheolepiota was considered a conditionally edible mushroom, which is eaten after 20 minutes of boiling. However, now the information is contradictory, according to some reports, the mushroom accumulates cyanides, and can lead to poisoning. Therefore, recently, it is ranked among the inedible mushrooms. However, no matter how much I tried, I did not find information that someone poisoned them.

Photo: from the questions in the "Identifier".

Definitioner

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Pileipellis

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Pileipellis (Pileipellis)

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes.The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Description of lepiota

In order to recognize the lepiota mushroom, it is enough to read the description just once. The photo of the lepiota in our photo gallery below will help to consolidate the result. The characteristic appearance includes the thin walls of the cap and the flexible fibrous stem.

The hat can grow up to 7 cm in diameter. Color - cherry brown, red or brown. On the outer surface of the cap in the form of centric circles, scales are attached, which are distinguished by a more saturated color. On the back of the cap, you can find thin plates that are located at a sufficient distance from each other. They have a slight yellowish tint. In the adult state, a white powder is released, saturated with cylindrical spores.

If it enters the respiratory tract of a person, these spores can cause severe damage to the bronchial and lung tissue.

The diameter of the leg of a lepiota does not exceed 4 mm with a length of no more than 4 cm. It is quite flexible and consists of a weakly fibrous tissue, which is rather difficult to break. Some individuals have a dense white ring around the middle.

The leg itself is cherry-colored. Dense light scales can be determined, which accumulate in large quantities at the base of the fungus. If the leg of the lepiota is cut in half, a light fruity aroma will be felt. When oxidized by the ambient air, this smell quickly disappears and gives way to tones of acetone and kerosene.

It is worth keeping a close eye on children walking in park areas. Usually these mushrooms are found in places where a person's foot often steps. In particular, in parks and walking areas, these are quite common representatives of the mushroom flora.

Lepiota crested poisonous

Category: inedible.

Hat (diameter 3-7 cm): usually reddish or brown, with a central tubercle. In young mushrooms it is bell-shaped or in the form of a cone, and in old ones it is prostrate. Dry, due to which it is often covered with cracks and yellow or brownish scales.

Stem (height 3-10 cm): yellow or light cream, tapering from bottom to top, cylindrical, very thin and hollow. Young mushrooms have a white ring that fades over time.

Flesh: fibrous, white. Very acidic with an extremely unpleasant chemical odor.

Doubles: relatives-lepiota lilac (Lepiota lilacea), chestnut (Lepiota castanea) and woolly (Lepiota clypeolaria). Lilac lepiota is extremely poisonous, has purple scales, chestnut and woolly scales on the caps have more and they are darker.

Eating: not consumed.

Application in traditional medicine: not applicable.

Crested lepiota grows from early July to late September in temperate Northern Hemisphere countries.

Other names: comb umbrella, comb silverfish.

Where can you find it: on the soils of coniferous and mixed forests, on forest edges or along roads. Especially often, crested lepiota grows next to pines.

Mushrooms with local action contributing to gastrointestinal upset

Boletus purple

The purple boletus mushroom from the Borovik genus is considered poisonous, so it is worth knowing it in person in order to distinguish it from edible boletus. The cap of the mature fruiting body of the purple boletus reaches 25 centimeters, the shape is in the form of an irregular hemisphere, rough to the touch.The reddish color of the cap can be brown or olive.

If you press on the cap, dark blue spots will appear. Often it is damaged by insects and lemon-yellow pulp is visible in these places. In a young fruiting body, the pulp is hard, if damaged, it changes color to black-blue, and later acquires a wine tint. The taste of the mushroom pulp is sweetish, the smell is weak, sour-fruity. The leg of the mushroom rises 15 cm in height with a thickness of up to 10 cm, looks like a barrel in shape, brown with a pronounced red tint. It is relatively rare from June to September. He loves hilly and mountainous regions with a warm climate, deciduous forests (oak, beech) with calcareous soils. Fruiting in June-September.

Pink hair

Pink hair

The pink wolf from the genus of lactic acid belongs to conditionally edible mushrooms. However, an improperly cooked mushroom can cause some pretty serious bowel upset. Therefore, if you do not want to take risks, then it is better to remember what a pink wave looks like and bypass it.

The flat head with a depression in the central part of the wave with a diameter of up to 12 cm is gray-pinkish, can fade to a white-pink hue. Darkens when touched. The surface of the cap is slightly slimy to the touch. A cylindrical solid leg up to 6 cm in height and about 2 cm in thickness is initially dense, and then a cavity forms in it.

The dense white pulp has a pungent taste and, like all milkmen, secretes juice. It is white and does not change over time. The most massive growth of fruiting bodies is observed in August-September. An inexperienced mushroom picker can confuse a pink volnushka with a white volnushka, a prickly milkweed, a real mushroom or spruce.

False chanterelle

False chanterelle

The false chanterelle in some sources is considered a conditionally edible mushroom, in others it is poisonous. Therefore, it is still better not to take this mushroom into the basket. There are edible chanterelles. And you need to learn to distinguish between a false fox and an edible sister.

The cap of the mature fruiting body of the false chanterelle has a diameter of 2-5 cm, convex or funnel-shaped, golden or yellowish in color, while the cap is darker in the center than at the edges. The pulp of the mushroom is yellow with an orange tint and an unpleasant odor.

The main sign by which it can be distinguished from a real chanterelle is the leg, which in the false chanterelle is reddish with a characteristic orange tint and somewhat thinner than that of the real chanterelle. Found in mixed forests, fruiting bodies ripen in August-November.

Row white

Row white

White ryadovka is a poisonous, inedible mushroom. Causes intestinal upset when eaten. The hat is dull gray-white. In young fruit bodies, it is convex in shape; as it ripens, it becomes prostrate-convex. In the center, brown-yellow, with buffy spots, thick fleshy white flesh. Young fruit bodies have no smell. In the process of ripening, an unpleasant odor appears, a bit reminiscent of the smell of a radish.

Satanic mushroom

Satanic mushroom

The satanic mushroom from the Borovik genus is a poisonous mushroom, the use of which can lead to serious poisoning. In appearance, the satanic mushroom is similar to other boletus mushrooms, first of all, to the first-class porcini mushroom, so you need to know its main distinctive features.

White or slightly yellowish pulp turns blue or red when broken. Young fruit bodies have a slightly spicy smell, while old ones have an unpleasant smell, like rotten onions. A spherical or barrel-shaped dense leg is red-yellow in the upper part, reddish in the middle, and reddish-orange below.

You can also get acquainted with: edible mushrooms

The satanic mushroom prefers broadleaf forests (oak, beech, hornbeam, chestnut) with calcareous soils. Fruit bodies ripen in June-September.

Views

• Lepiota adusta (E. Horak) E. Horak, 1980
• Lepiota alopochroa (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., 1887
• Lepiota aspera (Pers.) Quél., 1886 - Rough Lepiota
• Lepiota bickhamensis P.D. Orton, 1984
• Lepiota boertmannii Knudsen, 1980
• Lepiota boudieri Bres., 1885
• Lepiota brunneoincarnata Chodat & C. Martín, 1889 - Lepiota brown-red
• Lepiota brunneolilacea Bon & Boiffard, 1972
• Lepiota calcarata (E. Horak) E. Horak, 1980
• Lepiota calcicola Knudsen, 1980
• Lepiota carinii Bres., 1929
• Lepiota castanea Quél., 1881 - Chestnut Lepiota
• Lepiota cingulum Kelderman, 1994
• Lepiota citrophylla (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., 1887 - Yellow-lamellar lepiota
• Lepiota clypeolaria (Bull.) P. Kumm., 1871 - Woolly wrapped lepiota
• Lepiota coxheadii P.D. Orton, 1984
• Lepiota cristata (Bolton) P. Kumm., 1871 - Crested Lepiota
• Lepiota cystophoroides Joss. & Riousset, 1972
• Lepiota echinacea J.E. Lange, 1940 - Spiny Lepiota
• Lepiota echinella Quél. & G.E. Bernard, 1888 - Bristle lepiota
• Lepiota efibulis Knudsen, 1981
• Lepiota erminea (Fr.) Gillet, 1874 - Lepiota ermine
• Lepiota exstructa (Berk.) Sacc., 1887
• Lepiota felina (Pers.) P. Karst., 1879 - Feline Lepiota
• Lepiota forquignonii Quél., 1885
• Lepiota fuscovinacea F.H. Møller & J.E. Lange, 1940
• Lepiota grangei (Eyre) J.E. Lange, 1935
• Lepiota griseovirens Maire, 1928
• Lepiota helveola Bres., 1882 - Poisonous Lepiota
• Lepiota hymenoderma D.A. Reid, 1966
• Lepiota hystrix F.H. Møller & J.E. Lange, 1940 - Bristly Lepiota
• Lepiota ignivolvata Bousset & Joss. ex Joss., 1948
• Lepiota jacobi Vellinga & Knudsen, 1992
• Lepiota lateritiopurpurea Lar.N. Vassiljeva, 1973 - Lepiota brick-purple
• Lepiota lilacea Bres., 1892 - Lilac Lepiota
• Lepiota locquinii Bon, 1985
• Lepiota magnispora Murrill, 1912 - Lepiota swollen
• Lepiota medullata (Fr.) Quél., 1872
• Lepiota mesomorpha (Bull.) Gillet, 1874
• Lepiota metulispora (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., 1887 - Lepiota pointed spore
• Lepiota micropholis (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., 1887
• Lepiota neophana Morgan, 1906 - Tissue-bearing lepiota
• Lepiota nigromarginata Massee, 1902
• Lepiota obscura (Locq.ex Bon) Bon, 1958
• Lepiota ochraceofulva P.D. Orton, 1960
• Lepiota oreadiformis Velen., 1920
• Lepiota parvannulata (Lasch) Gillet, 1874
• Lepiota perplexa Knudsen, 1981
• Lepiota phlyctaenodes (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., 1887
• Lepiota pseudoasperula (Knudsen) Knudsen, 1980
• Lepiota pseudofelina J.E. Lange, 1940 - Pseudo-cat Lepiota
• Lepiota pseudolilacea Huijsman, 1947 - Lepiota brown-gray
• Lepiota purpurata (G. Stev.) E. Horak, 1980
• Lepiota rubella Bres., 1890
• Lepiota rufipes Morgan, 1906 - Lepiota rufipes Morgan
• Lepiota subalba Kühner ex P. D. Orton, 1960 - Whitish Lepiota
• Lepiota subgracilis Wasser, 1978
• Lepiota subincarnata J.E. Lange, 1940 - Incarnate Lepiota
• Lepiota tomentella J.E. Lange, 1923 - Felt Lepiota
• Lepiota virescens (Speg.) Morgan, 1906 - Lepiota greening
• Lepiota xanthophylla P.D. Orton, 1960

Poisonous Umbrella Mushrooms

Among the numerous genus Macrolepiota, there are specimens that almost do not differ from the edible in appearance, but are considered poisonous. These include the umbrella comb, chestnut, fleshy red, brownish red and rough. The most dangerous are the first 2 types.

Chestnut

Chestnut lepiota has a red or brown head, the diameter of which does not exceed 4 cm. The head of the chestnut umbrella mushroom at a young age has an ovoid shape, then takes the form of a prostrate dome. A small tubercle remains in the center. Gradually, the skin of the cap cracks, small scales and brownish color are formed.

As the plates grow, they turn yellow. The reddish or brown flesh is highly fragile and has an unpleasant odor. The leg is in the form of a narrow cylinder, expanding closer to the base. The ring is white, but gradually becomes thinner and disappears completely.

The chestnut umbrella is very poisonous, in most cases the use of this product in food is fatal.

Comb

The hat of young umbrellas is bell-shaped, later becoming like a wide dome up to 10 cm in diameter. Its surface is red-brown or dark brown, covered with orange or yellow scales with sharp tips.

The leg in the upper part is cylindrical, hollow, thin, 7-10 cm high and no more than 5 mm in diameter. It differs in a variety of tones - from yellow to cream, but it can also have a brown tint. In young specimens, a wide membranous ring is clearly visible, white or pink, but quickly disappears as it grows.

The pulp of the mushroom is white, has an unpleasant odor and taste.

Crested lepiota is a poisonous species and is not eaten.

Rough

The cap of a scaly lepiota is capable of reaching 15 cm in diameter, bell-shaped. As they grow older, it becomes prostrate or convex, with a wide tubercle in the central part. The surface of the cap is very dry, reminiscent of felt. Color - from yellowish to light brown. The scales are darker, pyramidal, and large.

The blades of the umbrella mushroom are under a white blanket, which later transforms into a thin, white, cobweb ring with brown scales on the lower part. The color of the plates is from white to cream.

The stem, which has a tuberous shape at the base, is thin (10-15 mm) and long (up to 12 cm), hollow.Above the ring it is distinguished by a light shade, under it - yellow or brownish, fibrous, covered with scales, cylindrical in shape.

The pulp of Lepiota rough has an unpleasant, strong resinous odor and a bitter taste. Not used for food.

How to tell an edible umbrella from an inedible purple mushroom

There is another false umbrella, which can also be confused. How to distinguish an edible mushroom umbrella from an inedible one - a purple umbrella? The inedible purple mushroom has a matching color, bitter taste and unpleasant odor. Although this fruiting body is not poisonous, it is not recommended to eat it due to its strong bitterness. We offer you to see a visual photo of an inedible umbrella mushroom:

It is worth noting that umbrella mushrooms are very common among representatives of the mushroom kingdom. Since they grow on decaying organic debris, on rotting plants, they are also called saprophytes. Sometimes umbrellas can reach very large sizes, for example, a hat in diameter can be more than 23 cm, and a leg height - up to 30 cm. Umbrella mushrooms grow in circles, forming rings, popularly called "witch circles". In such circles, umbrellas can grow up to several dozen.

Description of the poisonous lepiota

The shape of the cap of the poisonous lepiota is rounded, while a barely noticeable tubercle is visible in the center. There are very thin radial grooves on the surface of the cap. The color of the cap is gray-red. Its surface is matte with a silky sheen. The hat is covered with a large number of pressed scales. Its diameter does not exceed 2-7 centimeters.

The leg is low, central, cylindrical in shape. There is no thickening in the leg. Inside, it is hollow, fibrous. The color of the leg is pink. Its height is 2-4 centimeters. There is a very fragile whitish ring on the stem, which often falls off.

The plates are concave, often located. The pulp is white, slightly pink at the cut. The pulp has a sweetish smell, but it is tasteless. Spores are white.

The variability of the poisonous lepiota

The color of the cap of the poisonous lepiota varies from pink to brick red. The color of the plates is cream or white. The stem can be pink or reddish brown.

Places of growth and season of poisonous lepiota

Poisonous Lepiota can be found from June to August. These mushrooms grow in Western Europe and Ukraine. They settle among the grass - in meadows and in parks.

Similar species

Poisonous lepiota is outwardly similar to other types of small lepiots. All small lepiots should be viewed with great suspicion.

Toxicity of Lepiota Poisonous

This is an extremely poisonous mushroom, to be more precise, a deadly poisonous species. The only good news is that these mushrooms look frail and unsightly, and are small in size, so they do not attract mushroom pickers.

Other mushrooms of this genus

Swollen lepiota or swollen umbrella is a poisonous mushroom. His hat is small, measuring 3-6 centimeters. With age, it changes from hemispherical to prostrate, while maintaining a characteristic tubercle. The color of the cap is beige, white-yellow or reddish. The surface of the cap is dotted with scales. The pulp is yellowish with a pleasant mushroom aroma. The leg is quite thin - its diameter does not exceed 0.5 centimeters, and its length is 5-8 centimeters. There is a ring on the leg, but it quickly disappears.

Lepiota swollen rare mushroom. These mushrooms bear fruit from August to September. They grow in different types of forests. Most often found in small groups.

Lepiota Bradisson is a poisonous mushroom. Immature mushrooms have conical caps with a diameter of 2-4 centimeters, but as they mature, they become open. The cap has a well-visible brownish-red tubercle. The surface of the mushroom is covered with a white skin dotted with sparse brown scales. The shape of the leg is cylindrical. The color of the leg is fawn, and the base is purple-violet. The height of the leg reaches 5 centimeters, and the diameter is up to 0.5 centimeters. But the leg has a fragile ring.

These mushrooms grow not only in forests, but also in steppes, parks, glades, and forest plantations. Lepiota Bradisson begins to actively bear fruit in the fall.

Among the poisonous mushrooms, those species are distinguished that pose a mortal danger, and those that disturb the condition of the victim for a while. Poisonous Lepiota belongs to the first category and can kill the one who ate it

Because of this, it is important for a lover of quiet hunting to know exactly how to distinguish this species from its edible counterparts.

The appearance of the mushroom umbrella

To understand what an umbrella mushroom looks like, let's take a closer look at this issue. There are several varieties of the mushroom and they all have different external descriptions.

Red umbrella mushroom, another name is shaggy umbrella mushroom. This species has a large fleshy cap up to 20 cm in diameter. Surface color is not uniform: darker gray-brown in the center, whitish at the edges. On the cap there are circularly pronounced scales. The leg can be up to 25 cm in size and is hollow and smooth. Young mushrooms have a white leg, old ones - white. If you press on the plates, you will notice a change in color to red-orange.

Umbrella mushroom girlish. This is a rare trophy that requires careful handling. It is quite difficult to see it in nature; an external representation can be obtained from a photo (Fig. 1). The fungus itself is distinguished by a beautiful rounded cap: frequent scales of a pale nut color give it a special appeal. It is small in size: a hat up to 10 cm, a leg about 12 cm. Records are often loose with a smooth edge. Experienced mushroom pickers say that if you cook hats with an egg, then the description of the taste of the dish resembles a chicken.

Chestnut is a poisonous umbrella mushroom. It is small in size, the cap is no larger than 4 cm (Fig. 2). In a young fungus, the cap resembles an egg in shape, subsequently it straightens out and becomes flat with a tubercle in the center. Description of scales: bright, brown-chestnut. The leg is thin, hollow, chestnut shade. Chestnut umbrellas grow in families and are common in the forests of central Russia. These bright little fungi are deadly poisonous.

The umbrella is colorful. Such an umbrella is difficult not to notice and pass by: it is large (Fig. 3). The diameter of the cap reaches 38 cm; gray-brownish fibrous scales are formed on a white background. The shape of the cap of a ball in a young mushroom opens into a cone with age. There is a dark tubercle in the center, and the edges are bent inward. The base is a brown leg with a ring of small scales. The pulp is loose with a specific pronounced aroma. The umbrella is large in taste, close to champignons.

Description of pink lepiota

The hat of a pink lepiota has a diameter of 2-5 centimeters, in shape it is convex-outstretched or flat-outstretched. The edges of the cap are slightly curved inward. Her color is ocher pink. The surface of the cap is completely covered with tightly pressed scales. The color of the plates is wine-brown.

Lepiota rosea is a lamellar fungus. The plates are free, very frequent, wide. The color of the plates is cream with a slight greenish tinge. The pulp is firm. The color of the flesh of the cap and the upper part of the leg is creamy, and the lower part of the leg is meat-colored

The stem of the serrated umbrella is cylindrical, of average length - 2.5-4 centimeters and up to 0.35 centimeters in diameter. There is a characteristic fibrous ring in the middle of the leg. Above the ring, the leg is light gray, and the lower part of it is dark gray.

Outwardly, lepiots are very similar to umbrella mushrooms, but are smaller in size. And the rest of the generic characteristics (a cap that looks like an open umbrella, fibrous scales and a motionless ring on the stem) in these fungi completely coincide.

Places of distribution of serrated umbrellas

Serrated umbrellas are common in Western Europe: France, Belgium, Italy, Denmark, Hungary, Germany, Great Britain, as well as in Russia and Kazakhstan. These mushrooms grow among the grass, in the meadows. An active growth of pink lepiota is observed from mid-June to late August. Lepiots are saprophytes, meaning they feed on decaying debris in the soil.

Toxicity of pink lepiota

In no case should you taste this mushroom - pink lepiota is a deadly poisonous species, it contains cyanides that provoke serious poisoning.

Similar species

There are about 50 species in the genus, with 7 species being classified as poisonous, and 3 as deadly poisonous, and there are also little-known edible species in the genus, for example, the small thyroid umbrella. But lepiots are very difficult to distinguish, and since there are deadly poisonous species in the genus, it is recommended not to collect these mushrooms at all.

Related species

On the territory of Russia and Europe, species such as

• Chestnut Lepiota has a cap with a diameter of 2-4 centimeters. At first, its shape is almost ovoid, and over time it becomes flat. The color of the cap is yellow-brown or red-brown with chestnut-colored felt scales. The leg length is 2-5 centimeters. These mushrooms bear fruit from July to September. They grow in forests, gardens, along ditches. They are not common. They settle in groups.
• Lepiota poisonous has a rounded cap with an unexpressed tubercle. The color of the cap is gray-red. The surface of the cap is matte with a large number of pressed scales. The leg is low, cylindrical, pink in color. It has a very fragile whitish ring. These mushrooms are found from June to August. They grow in Western Europe, Ukraine. You can find them among the grass in meadows and parks. This is a rare species. It bears fruit exclusively in autumn.
• Rough lepiota, comb lepiota, swollen lepiota and thyroid lepiota are highly suspicious of toxicity;
• Red-leaved leptiota is an edible fungus;
• Scallet lepiota is classified as conditionally edible mushrooms that are suitable for frying and boiling.