Colibia chestnut

History and etymology of the name

The species was first described in scientific literature by August Bach in 1786 as Agaricus amanitae... Name
Agaricus amanitae subsp. cirrhatus proposed by H.G. Persona in 1800 is considered synonymous. Later, a taxonomic combination based on this specific epithet - Collybia amanitae - used by Hans Kreisel in 1987. However, he marks this combination as “ined.“That is, he considers the name to be invalid (invalid) in accordance with article 34.1 of the Code of Botanical Nomenclature, which states:“ The name is not considered validly published ... unless it is accepted by the author of the original publication. ”

Agaricus cirrhatus, the first valid title, published in 1803 by G.H. F. Schumacher. The French mycologist L. Kele in 1879 transferred this species to the genus Collybia, resulting in a modern binomial combination. In 1952 the species was transferred to the genus Microcollybia (microcolibia). Based on the fact that this new combination was nomen nudum (not accompanied by a description and therefore not valid), Lennox republished the title in 1979 Microcollybia cirrhata... However, later the genus Microcollybia was included in the genus Collybia.

The specific epithet comes from the Latin “cirrata"Meaning" curly, curled. " C. Peck called this coliby "fringed-rooted" - "fringed root".

Notes (edit)

1. Persoon CH. Observationes Mycologicae (lat.). - Leipzig, 1799 .-- T. 2. - S. 53.
2. . MycoBank... International Mycological Association.
3. Kreisel H. Pilzflora der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (German). - Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, 1987. - S. 47. - ISBN 978-3334000250.
4. . International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna code)... International Association for Plant Taxonomy (2006).
5. Schumacher HCF. Enumeratio Plantarum, in Partibus Sællandiae Septentrionalis et Orientalis Crescentium (lat.). - 1801. - S. 308.
6. Quélet L. Les Champignons de Jura et des Vosges (French) // Mémoires de la Société d'Émulation de Montbéliard. - 1872 .-- T. II. - S. 96.
7. Métrod G. Les Collybies (fr.) // Revue de Mycologie. - 1952. - T. 17. - S. 60-93.
8. Kirk P. M., Cannon P. F., Minter D. W., Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi (unspecified). - 10th. - Wallingford, UK: CABI, 2008 .-- S. 424 .-- ISBN 9780851998268.
9. ↑
10. ↑ Halling RE. . A revision of Collybia s.l. in the northeastern United States & adjacent Canada (July 14, 2009).
11. Kuo M. ... (August 2003).
12. ↑ Kasuya T., Sato S. Fructification of Collybia cirrata on mummified gleba of Bovista dermoxantha in Hokkaido, Northern Japan (English) // Mycotaxon (French) Russian. : journal. - 2009. - Vol. 107. - P. 81-86.

Description

Lat. Rhodocollybia butyracea, Collybia butyracea. Other names - Rhodocolibia oily, Colibia oily, Colibia chestnut, Oily money.

This is a genus of caps, late ripening, conditionally edible, colibioid fungi of the Ryadovkov family, which are often called "money" for their external resemblance to small coins.

Hat

A young mushroom has a hemispherical cap. Over time, it becomes more convex, and later acquires a prostrate, slightly depressed appearance with upward curved edges. Its diameter is 2–12 centimeters. Some specimens have a small tubercle in the center.

Colibia's hat is oil hygrohanna, that is, it is capable of changing its appearance depending not only on age, but also on the level of humidity in the growing area. In rainy weather, its surface becomes oily.

The color of the cap can be light brown, reddish, burgundy, chestnut, brown. The edges are painted in lighter colors.

Hymenophore

The lower part of the cap, or hymenophore, consists of a large number of frequently located plates. They are located freely or can be tightly adhered to the stem. There are shortened intermediate plates between the large plates.

A characteristic feature of colibia is the white color of the hymenophore. In the process of maturation, it acquires a pink tint, and with age, the plates become darker.

Spores are smooth, slightly elongated and elliptical. Their powder is colored white, pale yellow or pinkish.

Pulp

Collibia is a thin-fleshy mushroom. The pulp is watery, white or light brown in color. Under the skin, it is a rich brown color.

Leg

The leg is even, cartilaginous, rigid, hollow inside. Its length ranges from 2 to 10 cm, in girth it can reach 1 cm. In the upper part, under the cap, it is slightly flattened, and in the lower part it has a slight thickening, covered with a white felt coating.

Time and place of fruiting oil money

The fungus is quite rare. At the same time, it is well camouflaged near the bases of trees and is not always visible to mushroom pickers.

Rhodocollybia butyracea is a saprotroph that grows in coniferous and deciduous forests on dried wood, in grass, moss or leaf litter. Most often it can be found in the pine forest.

It grows from the beginning of summer until the first snow, when there are no other relatives. When collecting, the fruit body is cut off at the root, and this place is covered with earth or foliage.

Colibia chestnut

Collybia chestnut - Collybia butyracea

In another way, the mushroom is called Oil Colibia, Chestnut Rhodocolibia, Oily Colibia, Oily Rhodocolibia, Oil Money, Oil Gymnopus, Chestnut Gymnopus or Chestnut Money.

Description

Mushroom cap

Colibia oily has a large hat, reaching 80-120 mm in diameter. In adolescence, the caps are hemispherical, later spread, but remain convex, or open so that their edges rise. The edge, usually wavy, cracks with age. A flat mound remains in the middle of the hats.

"Hats" are covered with a shiny, oily smooth skin, moist in damp weather and dry in fine weather. Depending on weather conditions, they are painted in different colors: reddish-brown, chestnut, dark brown, chocolate, brown-olive, yellow-brown. The damp the weather, the darker the hat. The mounds are usually darker, the edges are light: their color ranges from cream to pale brown.

Mature Denezhka chestnut becomes darker, especially the tubercles, which become dark brown or brown-black.

The hats are filled with thin, watery soft flesh of a white or yellowish hue.

Hat bottoms are covered with many frequent free wide plates with an uneven scalloped edge - both long and short. Young Gymnopus chestnut has white plates, mature ones - grayish.

Colibia chestnut reproduces by whitish elongated spores that mature in pale pink or white spore powder.

Stipe

Rhodocolibia oily builds up an even cylindrical leg, widening downward, tapering upward, and reaching 4-10 mm in thickness and 20-100 mm in height.

The legs are not filled with pulp and consist of hard fibers; at the base they are pubescent with white mycelium. They are painted in a chestnut or brown tone, gradually darkening as they approach the bottom.

Collybia chestnut - Collybia butyracea

Growing places

Oily money prefers conifers and mixed forests with conifers and acidic soil. Fruiting is rarely solitary, usually the mushroom grows in whole families.

Depending on climatic conditions, it falls in May - November, until severe frosts come, making the mushroom sluggish and lifeless.

Edibility

The pulp of Rhodocollibia chestnut has a watery structure and has a very faint moldy smell, which is why the mushroom is classified as conditionally edible mushroom of the 4th category. Only hats of reddish and brownish-red tones can be eaten, since after boiling their flesh loses its moldy smell.

The oily hymnopus can be stewed, fried, salted and marinated after 20 minutes of boiling. You can dry it without first boiling it, but later, before using it for culinary purposes, you first need to boil the mushrooms and drain the broth.

Similar types and differences from them

Edible

• Meadow honey agaric. Unlike Colibia, shod meadow mushrooms have an elastic leg, a pleasant mushroom taste and aroma, and wide whitish plates.
• Colibia Azema. It differs in a hat that opens up strongly as it ripens - either flat or with tucked edges. Colibia Azema's hat peel has a highly oily surface, and the leg has an impressive appearance. This variety bears fruit in August - October, without picking up November, and prefers any forests with acidic soil.

Conditionally edible

The collibia is curved. She builds up a larger hat - up to 70 mm in diameter, at first with the edges bent inward, in an adult state - straightened.Its color ranges from yellow to brown. The leg of such a hymnopus is famous for its tortuosity. This fungus grows exclusively on dead or dying wood of any species, and only occasionally on litter. Fruiting usually occurs in large groups, from late May to mid-November.

Ecology and distribution

Like all other species of the genus, C. cirrhata is a saprotroph. It usually grows on the decaying, blackened remains of other fungi. It happens that fruiting bodies are found on soil or in moss with no apparent connection with decaying fungi, although such observations are most likely associated with highly decomposed, buried remains of host fungi. The following species are known on which curly collibia can grow: large milk mushrooms and russula, giant meripilus and Bovista dermoxantha.

Collybia cirrhata found in the forest zone, as well as in the mountains and in areas with an arctic climate in Eurasia and North America.

Phylogeny

Scheme of phylogenetic relationships Collybia cirrhata and related species based on molecular analysis of ribosomal RNA

Molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that C. cirrhata forms a monophyletic group with two other species of the genus Collybia in its narrow sense: Collybia tuberosa and Collybia cookei... Insofar as C. cirrhata the only of the three types of this clade does not have sclerotia at the base of the pedicle, then this feature can be considered autapomorphy (autapomorphy) - that is, unique and characteristic of a single terminal species within a monophyletic branch.

Description

The main

The fruiting bodies of curly colibacillus usually appear in large clusters on decaying mushrooms.

The cap is convex at the beginning with age, becomes flat or slightly concave in the center, reaching a diameter of 3-11 mm. The edge of the cap is first tucked or bent inward, but then straightened. The surface of the cap is dry or damp, it can be smooth or covered with fine whitish hairs, with translucent grooves along the edges of the cap. The hat is almost hygrophilous (changes color depending on humidity): usually white or slightly pinkish, when wet or old it turns grayish-orange.

The pulp is whitish, very thin, without a distinct taste or smell.

adherent with a tooth, slightly arcuate. The number of plates is from 12 to 20, in addition, there are short plates. The blades are thin, frequent or moderately sparse, from white to pinkish brown. The edge of the plates is colored in the same way as the entire plate.

The leg is 8-25 mm long and up to 2 mm in diameter, even or slightly thickening downwards, flexible, fibrous, not brittle; becomes hollow with age. The surface of the peduncle is dry, whitish to grayish-orange, sometimes with fine hairs in the upper part of the pedicle, which become coarser towards the base. The base of the stem often bears root-like filaments or is covered with whitish mycelial felt. Unlike other species of the genus, it does not form sclerotia at the base of the pedicle.

Microscopic signs

The spore powder is white. Spores 4.8-6.4 × 2-2.8 (up to 3.5) µm, ovoid or ellipsoidal, drop-shaped when viewed from the side. Smooth, non-amyloid, acyanophilic (does not react with methyl blue).

Basidia (cells bearing spores located on the plates) are almost clavate, 4 spore-like, 17.5–21 × 4.8–5.6 µm. Cystidia are absent.

The plates consist of intertwining more or less parallel smooth non-amyloid hyphae, 2.8–8.4 µm in diameter. In the pulp, the caps above the plates of the hyphae are radially oriented, they are also not amyloid, 3.5–8.4 µm in diameter, smooth, but with unevenly thickened walls.

Cuticlecap consists of gelatinized layer of hyphae, lying parallel to the surface of the cap. The hyphae forming this layer are 2.8–6.4 µm in diameter, smooth, thin-walled. They are covered with scattered short saccular outgrowths.The surface of the pedicle consists of a layer of parallel, vertically oriented hyphae 3.5–4.2 µm in diameter, smooth, slightly thick-walled, becoming pale yellowish-brown in alkali solution. Caulocystids with many septa 2.8–4.8 µm in diameter, smooth, thin-walled, almost cylindrical. Buckles are found in all fabrics.

Similar species

Collybia cirrhata can be confused with other species of the genus Collybiawhich have a similar appearance and ecology. Collybia tuberosa characterized by the presence of a dark reddish-brown sclerotia, similar to apple seed. Collybia cookei has wrinkled, often irregularly shaped sclerotia of pale yellow or orange color. Other similar species, including Baeospora myosura and species of the genus Strobilurusgrowing on pine cones.

Udemansiella root (Xerula radicata)

• Other names for the mushroom:
• Xerula root
• Root money
• Collibia tailed

Synonyms:

The current name is Hymenopellis radicata (according to Species Fungorum).

Udemansiella root attracts attention immediately, it is able to surprise with its appearance and is a very special species. Hat: 2-8 cm in diameter

But, due to the very high leg, it seems that the hat is much smaller. At a young age, it has the shape of a hemisphere, in the process of maturation it gradually opens and becomes practically prostrate, while maintaining a noticeable tubercle in the center. The surface of the cap is moderately mucous with pronounced radial wrinkles. Changeable color, from olive, greyish brown to dirty yellow

Hat: 2-8 cm in diameter. But, due to the very high leg, it seems that the hat is much smaller. At a young age, it has the shape of a hemisphere, in the process of maturation it gradually opens and becomes practically prostrate, while maintaining a noticeable tubercle in the center. The surface of the cap is moderately mucous with pronounced radial wrinkles. The color is changeable, from olive, greyish-brown to dirty yellow.

Pulp: light, thin, watery, without any special taste or smell.

Plates: moderately sparse, growing in places in youth, then become free. The color of the plates as the mushroom matures ranges from white to grayish-cream.

Spore powder: white

Leg: up to 20 cm long, 0.5-1 cm thick. The leg is deep, almost 15 cm deep, immersed in the soil, often twisted, has a specific rhizome. The color of the stem ranges from brown at the bottom to almost white at the base. The pulp of the leg is fibrous.

Distribution: Udemanciella root is found from mid to late July. Sometimes it comes across until the end of September in various forests. Prefers tree roots and heavily decayed wood remains. Due to the long stem, the mushroom forms deep underground and only partially crawls out to the surface.

Similarity: The appearance of the fungus is rather unusual, and the characteristic rhizome process does not allow Oudemansiella radicata to be mistaken for any other species. Udemansiella root is easy to identify due to its lean structure, tall growth and powerful root system. It looks like a long-legged Xerula, but the latter has a velvety hat, has pubescence.

Edible: In principle, the Udemanciella root mushroom is considered edible. Some sources claim that the mushroom contains some medicinal substances. This mushroom can be safely eaten.

Notes: Udemanciella root is located at some distance from other types of mushrooms. It is easy to recognize at first glance: a very long leg and a short hat give the impression that nails are coming out of the ground, hammered by someone unknown, it is difficult to call it even a mushroom.

Rhodocollybia butyracea

• Other names for the mushroom:
• Colibia chestnut
• Collibia oil
• Collibia oily
• Oil money

Synonyms:

Rhodocollybia butyracea (lat.Rhodocollybia butyracea) is a mushroom of the Omphalotaceae family.In the past, this species managed to visit the families Marasmiaceae and Tricholomataceae.

Oil collibia hat:
Diameter 2-12 cm, shape - from hemispherical to convex and outstretched; in older specimens, the edges are often bent upward. The surface is smooth, in wet weather - shiny, oily. The color of the hygrophane cap is very changeable: depending on the weather and the age of the fungus, it can be chocolate brown, olive brown, or yellow-brown, with the characteristic zoning characteristic of hygrophane fungi. The pulp is thin, grayish, without a special taste, with a slight odor of dampness or mold.

Plates:
Free, frequent, white in young specimens, grayish with age.

Spore powder:
White.

Leg:
Relatively flat, 2-10cm long. 0.4-1 cm thick. As a rule, the leg is hollow, smooth and rather rigid. The leg is thickened at the base. With a whitish felt structure at the bottom. The color of the leg is brown, slightly darker at the bottom.

Spreading:
Rhodocollibia oily grows from July to late autumn in large groups in forests of various types, easily tolerating frosts.

Similar species:
Rhodocollibia oily differs from other colibia and other late fungi in its clavate pubescent stem. At the same time, one of the forms of chestnut colibia, the so-called Collybia asema, is completely different - a gray-green cap, a strong constitution - and it is very easy to mistake it for some kind of separate, unknown species.

Edibility:
Rhodocolibia buttery is edible, but considered tasteless; M. Sergeeva in her book points out that the least tasty specimens of gray color (obviously, the form of Azema). It is possible that it is so.

Video about the mushroom Rhodocollibia oily:

Notes: Looking at the multicolored "hordes" of the fungus Rhodocolibia butyracea, crowding under a single tree, it is easy to conclude that mycologists were simply too lazy to mess with classifications and rushed to combine "everything that looks like" under the name "Collybia butyracea". It's funny, of course - but why do they even taste different? It differs from other colibia, including inedible species, by a wet, oily cap.

Colibia wide-lamellar

Collybia wide-lamellar - Latin Collybia platyphylla

In a different way, a mushroom - a dirty one is called Udimansiella wide-plate, Megacollibia wide-plate, Udimansiella wide-plate, Gymnopus wide-plate or Money broad-plate.

Description

Mushroom cap

Udimansiella broadly lamellar has very large caps with a diameter from 50 to 150 mm... At a young age, they have the shape of a bell or a wide cone, then gradually straighten out, becoming flat - convex, with small mounds, or flat, like plates, acquiring a notch in the middle instead of a tubercle.

The edges remain flat or become wavy, in dry weather or in old age they crack, since they differ in a radial-fibrous structure.

The hats are covered with a matte skin of a grayish - charcoal, up to black, shade, or brownish - gray. In the first case, it seems as if the mushroom is powdered with soot or crushed coal.

Megacollibia wide-lamellar is filled with delicate white flesh.

The bottom of the hat is covered with sparse wide fragile plates that grow in denticles and are painted in a white tone. Closer to old age, the lamellar bottom breaks off from the leg and acquires a dirty gray color.

Collibia broadly lamellar reproduces by ellipsoidal whitish spores that mature in a white spore powder.

Stipe

Young mushrooms have plump, stocky legs, slimming and stretching over time. The leg thickness is 5-30 mm, the height is from 50 to 150 cm.

It is a cylinder of regular shape, expanding towards the base and covered with a smooth longitudinally fibrous skin of grayish or brownish shades.At the bottom of the legs, branched white myceliums are formed, which turn gray over time or become brownish, penetrating through the wood. When the mushrooms are harvested, the mushroom filaments break off.

Collybia wide-lamellar - Latin Collybia platyphylla

Growing places

The broad-plate money prefers the temperate climates of regions such as North America. This variety grows on decayed stumps in deciduous forests with beech, birch and alder trees, and fallen leaves. They are often found on stumps overgrown with moss and lichen, but not in lowlands, but in high places, especially mountainous ones.

Fruiting is single or family, and occurs in the second half of May - the end of September, but the mushroom gives the greatest yields in spring.

Edibility

The pulp of Udimansiella wide-lamellar exudes a weak mushroom aroma and has a bitter aftertaste, but it belongs to conditionally edible mushrooms, suitable for eating after preliminary boiling. They can be stewed, fried, salted and pickled.

While the noble mushrooms have not yet begun to bear fruit, these colibions are an excellent help for lovers of mushroom dishes.