Caloscifa the brilliant

Growing methods in the Moscow region

From seed

The seed method of reproduction of calocephalus is unpopular, since it is sometimes difficult to acquire seeds of this culture in specialized retail chains, they have a low germination capacity and a short storage period. Still, you can grow seedlings from seeds that take root well in the open field.

A favorable time for planting seeds for seedlings is the last decade of March. The planting material must be soaked for several hours in a special solution that will stimulate the growth and development of plants. You can use "Potassium Humate" or "Epin".

Slightly dried seeds are sown on the surface of the substrate in planting boxes, after which they are sprinkled with a thin layer of sand. The most suitable composition of the substrate is one part of leafy soil, one part of sod land and two parts of coarse river sand.

The first shoots will begin to appear in 10-20 days. After the massive appearance of seedlings, it is recommended to thin out the plants.

The main requirements for the conditions for keeping seedlings of calocephalus are the air temperature in the room from 22 to 25 degrees Celsius, full lighting for at least 12-14 hours a day and regular moderate soil moisture.

Strong and strong seedlings in the second half of May begin to accustom themselves to open air, gradually reducing the temperature of the content by 1-2 degrees, bringing it to 18 degrees Celsius.

Propagation by cuttings

Cuttings are the main propagation method for Australian flowering shrubs and are used throughout the summer season.

Strong apical and cut off flowering shoots of calocephalus are ideal breeding material. It is recommended to root cuttings in individual planting containers, after pretreating the cut sites with root formation stimulants. Cuttings are buried 3-4 cm into a substrate of sand and leafy sod land and kept at a temperature of 20-25 degrees Celsius with moderate air humidity.

After rooting, the plants are transplanted to a permanent place.

Planting and leaving

Place and soil

Calocephalus will fully develop in an area with good sunlight and drained soil that is neutral in composition. It is better to choose a site that will be in direct sunlight for no more than 6-7 hours a day.

Neighborhood

Ideal neighbors in the garden are amaranth, heuchera, saxifrage, rejuvenated, lavender, sedum and various decorative cereals.

Landing features

When planted in portable containers, Calocephalus can be planted immediately with other companion plants. Planting is carried out in moist soil without top dressing.

Watering and feeding

With container growing, irrigation is carried out more often than in open ground, and fertilizers are applied regularly every 15-20 days with the obligatory content of phosphorus.

In the open field, the culture does not require any fertilizers.

Pruning

Pruning is done only after flowering. The bush can be given the necessary shape, smooth lines and roundness can be created.

Preparing for winter

The wintering of calocephalus should take place in a closed, moderately warm room with a temperature of 10-15 degrees (for example, on a loggia).

Conditions of detention

It is necessary to keep it in a cool place in winter, for example, on a glassed-in loggia. And in the warm season, since it is still a garden plant, it is better to keep it outdoors, or, in extreme cases, to ventilate the room more often.

Good aeration is also required at high humidity, since Calocephalus does not tolerate it well.

Watering

In general, the conditions of detention are very similar to those for succulents. Watering the plant requires moderate during the growing season, limited in winter, preventing the earthen coma from completely drying out. In addition, before and after watering, it is necessary to loosen the soil so that it does not cake and oxygen flows to the roots.

Top dressing and lighting

Young plants need to be regularly fed 2 times a month with a mineral fertilizer intended for succulents. Adult specimens are undemanding for fertilization.

Calocephalus, as an Australian resident, really needs continuous sunlight - at least 6 hours a day. South, west and southwest windows are suitable for the plant.

Soil and reproduction

Propagated by cuttings in summer. The soil for planting should be light, with the addition of a significant portion of sand or perlite to it, so that water can easily seep through it.

A suitable mixture, for example, is turf, leaf earth and sand (1: 1: 2). In addition, good drainage is very important for Kalocephalus, for which expanded clay or fine gravel is used. The cuttings are rooted in sand of moderate moisture.

Pruning

Every year after flowering, formative pruning is carried out, giving the plant a rounded shape. It is this form that justifies its name - "handsome head".

Diseases and pests

According to some reports, the plant is not attacked by pests. However, dangers lie in wait on the other hand - this is waterlogging and, as a result, stagnation of water in the soil, which leads to the death of the plant.

As you can see, the unusual flower is not too whimsical. And if this Australian can winter at home, why not grow it indoors all year round?

It may not reach the same size as in the ground, but with proper care it will feel just as good.

Caloscifa the brilliant

Peziza fulgens

Caloscypha (lat.Caloscypha) is a genus of discomycete fungi belonging to the order Pezizales. Usually allocated to the Caloscyphaceae family. Type species - Caloscypha fulgens.

Description

Fruit body: 0.5 - 2.5 centimeters in diameter, less often up to 4 (5) cm. Egg-shaped in youth, then cupped with an inward-curved edge, later flatter, saucer-shaped. Often cracks unevenly and asymmetrically, then the shape resembles mushrooms of the genus Otidea. The hymenium (inner spore-bearing surface) is smooth, bright orange-yellow, sometimes with a spot of blue-green color, especially in places of damage. The outer surface is pale yellow or brownish with a distinct greenish tint, covered with the smallest whitish coating, smooth.

Stem: either absent or very short.

Flesh: pale yellow, up to 1 mm thick.

Spore powder: white, whitish Microscopy: Cylindrical asci, as a rule, with a rather truncated apex, without discoloration in Meltzer's reagent, 8-sided, 110-135 x 8-9 microns. Ascospores are at first ordered by 2, but in adulthood by 1, spherical or nearly spherical, (5.5-) 6-6.5 (-7) microns; walls are smooth, slightly thickened (up to 0.5 microns), hyaline, pale yellow in Melzer's reagent.

Smell: does not differ.

Ecology

In coniferous and mixed with coniferous forests (Russian Wikipedia indicates deciduous ones; California Fungi - only in conifers) on the litter, on the soil among mosses, on coniferous litter, sometimes on buried rotten wood, singly or in small groups.

Season and distribution

Shiny Kaloscifa is an early spring mushroom that grows simultaneously with Microstoma, Sarcoscifa and spring stitches. Fruiting time in different regions is highly dependent on weather and temperature. April-May in the temperate zone. Widely distributed in North America (USA, Canada), Europe.

Similar species

You can call Orange Aleuria (Aleuria aurantia), there really is an external resemblance, but Aleuria grows much later, from the second half of summer, in addition, it does not turn blue.

A number of sources indicate that the brilliant Kaloscif has some resemblance to Sarkoscifa (scarlet or Austrian), but identification difficulties can arise only for those who have never seen either Sarkoscifu or Kaloscifu: the color is completely different, and Sarkoscifa, as well as and Aleuria does not turn green.

Mushroom photo Caloscifa the brilliant from questions in recognition:

Taxonomy

White caloscypha form

Caloscifa brilliant was first described by Christian Hendrik Person in 1822 as a composite genus of cup-shaped discomycetes with a bare edge. In 1885, Emile Boudier separated into a separate genus Caloscypha.

A rare form of Caloscypha with white fruiting bodies, blue with age and damage, is described - Caloscypha fulgens f. caesioalba Gaggian. & Parrett.

Synonyms

Rhoda

Otidella Sacc., 1889, nom. superfl.

Species

• Aleuria fulgens (Pers.) Gillet, 1879
• Barlaea fulgens (Pers.) Rehm, 1894
• Detonia fulgens (Pers.) Rehm, 1896
• Lamprospora fulgens (Pers.) Snyder, 1936
• Otidella fulgens (Pers.) Sacc., 1889, nom. superfl.
• Peziza fulgens Pers., 1822basionym
• Pseudoplectania fulgens (Pers.) Fuckel, 1870
• Scypharia fulgens (Pers.) Quél., 1886

Reproduction methods

Calocephalus propagates by cuttings, which go through the rooting process quite well. To do this, the strongest and healthiest plants are preserved in the winter in a room where the air temperature does not exceed + 12- + 15 C; in spring, excellent material for propagation is obtained from the stems of the plant. The process of cuttings is also carried out in the fall, for this cuttings are planted in containers.

Calocephalus can be propagated by seeds, for this they must be planted on seedlings on the 20th of March. Seed germination varies from 1.5 weeks to a month; for faster germination, you can use specialized stimulants. For optimal growth, seedlings require good lighting for about 15 hours a day and a temperature regime from +18 to +23 C.

Biological description

Fruit bodies are cupped, initially spherical or ovoid, then opening, often with a bursting edge, usually sessile, sometimes on a small stalk.

The inner spore-bearing surface is dull, bright orange, yellow-orange or red, the outer sterile side is yellowish-gray, greenish or bluish. When damaged, the fruit bodies acquire a sharp dark green or black tint.

The pulp is fragile, bright yellow.

Spore white powder. Spores are uncolored, rounded, with smooth walls, collected in eight in asci, each of which is about 150 × 10 μm.

Caloscifa is most commonly listed as an inedible mushroom. Apparently non-poisonous, but it has no nutritional value. It is considered one of the most colorful spring mushrooms.

Similar species

Caloscifa is the only known discomycete whose fruiting bodies turn blue when touched. Various types of sarcosciph are also found in spring, but they are usually colored red-orange and do not turn blue. Orange aleuria is a bright orange cupped mushroom that does not turn blue when damaged, found from late summer to late autumn.

Kaloscifa brilliant: photo and description

Caloscypha brilliant (lat.Caloscypha fulgens) is considered one of the most colorful spring mushrooms, but it has no special nutritional value. Collecting this species for consumption is not recommended because the composition of its pulp has not yet been fully understood. Other names: Detonia fulgens, Peziza fulgens, Cochlearia fulgens.

What does the shining Kaloscifa look like?

The fruiting body is quite small, usually about 2 cm in diameter. In young mushrooms, the cap looks like an egg, but then it opens. In mature specimens, the fruiting body takes the form of a bowl with walls bent inward, and small breaks are often located along the edge. In older specimens, the appearance is more like a saucer.

The hymenium (the surface of the mushroom from the inside) is dull to the touch, bright orange or yellow, sometimes almost red fruiting bodies are found. On the outside, the shining Kaloscif is painted in a dirty gray with an admixture of green. The surface is smooth on the outside, however, there is often a whitish coating on it.

The spore powder is white, some spores are almost round. The pulp is quite tender, even fragile. On the cut, it is painted in yellow tones, but from touch it quickly acquires a blue tint. The smell of the pulp is weak, expressionless.

This is a sessile variety, so the mushroom has a very small stem. In most cases, it is completely absent.

Where and how it grows

Caloscifa brilliant is a rather rare species that is found only in North America and Europe. On the territory of Russia, large groups of mushrooms are found in the Leningrad Region and the Moscow Region.

Fruiting of Kaloscypha brilliant falls on the end of April - mid-June. Depending on the climate, these dates may shift slightly - for example, in temperate latitudes, the crop can be harvested only from the end of April to the last days of May. Kaloscifa practically does not bear fruit every year, empty seasons often occur.

You should look for this variety in coniferous and mixed forests, with special attention paid to places under spruces, birches and aspens, where moss grows and needles accumulate. Sometimes fruiting bodies grow on rotten stumps and fallen trees

In the highlands, the shining Kaloscifa can be found not far from clusters of giant morels and morels.

Is the mushroom edible or not

There are no exact data on the toxicity of Caloscypha, however, it is not collected for consumption - the fruiting bodies are too small. The taste of the pulp and the smell of the mushroom are inexpressive. Refers to inedible.

Doubles and their differences

There are not many twins of the Kalosciph shiny. It differs from all similar varieties in that the pulp of the fruit bodies in it acquires a bluish color soon after mechanical action (impact, squeezing). In false species, the pulp does not change color after touching it.

Orange aleuria (Latin Aleuria aurantia) is the most common twin of the shining caloscyphus. The similarities between them are really great, but these mushrooms grow at different times. Orange aleuria bears fruit on average from August to October, in contrast to the spring caloscyphus.

Conclusion

Caloscifa brilliant is not poisonous, however, its fruit bodies also do not represent nutritional value. The properties of this mushroom have not yet been fully studied, so it is not recommended to collect it.

taxonomy

This species was first described by Christian Heinrich Person in 1822 as Peziza fulgens , and have been grouped into several different genera since its original description. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequence data shows that within the Pecicea order, caloscif fulgens belongs in the evolutionary line with the families Helvellaceae, morel and truffle. Since 1968 caloscith was placed in pyroneme families, a small group of fungi that differ from other Petsicevs in their relatively undeveloped peridium. In 2002, a new family Caloscyphaceae was described to contain the same genus caloscif .

The mushroom's distinctive orange-yellow color has earned it the common names "orange peel spring mushroom", "golden bowl", and "dazzling bowl". The specific epithet means "bright color", and the name of the genus caloscif means "beautiful cup".

Calocephalus is a silver coral. Home care

You will not always see this plant in the directory of indoor flowers. This is not surprising, since it is considered a garden one. But even among the reference books of garden plants, there are only a few copies where you can find at least some information about Calocephalus.

And to see him in nature is generally a great rarity and luck.

But lately, this culture appears quite often in flower shops. It is even painted in all the colors of the rainbow - for greater decorativeness.

Although, you must admit, the color of Kalocephalus itself is decorative - such a silvery openwork "rhapsody".

A bit of history

The flower came to the territory of the CIS quite recently - about 30 years ago. Despite the fact that it was discovered back in 1817 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown.

The full Latin name of the plant is Calocephalus brownii (Calocephalus Brown - in honor of the discoverer), the synonym is Leucophyta brownii, the Astrovye family. By the way, Calocephalus is translated from Greek as "beautiful head". But there are also other names: "silver coral" and "gray head".

Calocephalus (Leucophyta) is an endemic genus of southern Australia. Distributed mainly in the coastal zone.

The patient is more likely dead than alive

At first glance, it looks more like a dried flower than a living plant. But it is very lively, and its small, about 1 cm in diameter, pale yellowish-green flowers, which you will see in the middle of summer, can serve as proof of this.

Calocephalus is a compact juvenile (2-3 years old) shrub that, in good conditions, reaches about 1 m in diameter and the same height.

Stems and leaves are covered with silvery-white pubescence, which serves as a protection for the plant from intense light, and also contributes to less evaporation of moisture. The leaves are very small - up to 4 mm in length.

Most often, the plant is planted on alpine hills and rocky gardens. But there is one peculiarity - he is afraid of severe frosts. In winter, it must be brought into the room, since at temperatures below -5 ºС it can die.

Description

Fruit bodies from C. fulgens roughly cup-shaped, although the cup may be somewhat flattened, one-sided, or split; size up to 4 cm (1.6 in) in diameter. The inner surface of the bowl is orange-yellow, while the outer surface is pale yellow. Either the stock around the rim or the entire outer surface can be painted olive green. The green or bluish discoloration that occurs after injury or with age is unique in the Pecice order. The stem, if present, is rather short. The Spore Deposit is white.

A single albino specimen, 2 cm (0.8 in) in diameter, was found in Northern Idaho; was found to be devoid of the pigment responsible for coloring the outer surface of olive.

These spores are transparent (hyaline), roughly spherical, thin-walled and smooth, 6-8 µm in diameter. Asci, in spore cells, are cylindrical and 80-100 by 7-8 microns; the paraphyses are thin and filamentous and contain orange granules. The edibility has not been recorded for this mushroom.

Sarkoscif mushroom: photo and description

Sarcoscypha is one of those mushrooms that have a very attractive appearance. With a rich imagination, they can even be compared with scarlet flowers, especially if these original fruiting bodies do not grow on dry wood, but on juicy green moss. In this case, it seems as if a dense bright bud is surrounded by bright green leaves.

The first beautiful mushrooms after the snow melts are the spring mushrooms of the sarkoscyphus, which are bright red, resembling small red cups. Although these mushrooms are small, they are surprisingly bright, which evokes a feeling of joy. Their appearance tells everyone: finally, the real spring has come! These mushrooms can be found everywhere: near roads, paths, on the edges, in the depths of the forest. They can grow on thawed patches near snowy areas.

Types of spring sarcosciths

There are two types of sarcosciths: bright red and Austrian. Outwardly, they differ little, only close and under a magnifying glass you can see small hairs on the outer surface of the bright red sarcoscife, which are not present in the Austrian sarcoscife. For a long time, the literature wrote that the edibility of these mushrooms is unknown or that they are inedible.

All mushroom pickers are interested in: are sarcoscifs edible or not? Now there is a lot of information on the Internet about the edibility of these mushrooms, even in its raw form. I would like to note that a one-time use of mushrooms, after which nothing happened, is not yet a reason for their constant use. For mushrooms, there is such a concept as the possible accumulation of harmful substances from repeated use. It is because of this property, for example, that thin pigs were officially classified as inedible and even poisonous twenty years ago. Since scientists have not yet said their final word about sarcosciths, they cannot be classified as edible. In any case, they must be boiled for at least 15 minutes.

This means that they grow in ecologically clean areas. The authors of the book annually observe these mushrooms in the Istra district of the Moscow region. It should be noted that these mushrooms began to adapt to changes in external conditions and are now very common.

If sarcoscifs are massive mushrooms, then there are other rare similar mushrooms in the form of yellow cups. They grow once every two to three years. They were last seen in 2013. They are called Caloscyphe fulgens.

Take a look at the photo of what different types of sarcoscifs look like:

Sarkoscif mushroom bright red

Where bright red sarcoscyphs grow (Sarcoscypha coccinea): on fallen trees, branches, on litter in moss, more often on deciduous trees, less often on spruces, grow in groups Season: the very first mushrooms that appear along with the melting of snow in spring, April - May, less often until June.

The fruit body of a bright red sarcoscifa has a diameter of 1-6 cm, a height of 1-4 cm. A distinctive feature of the species is a goblet shape with a cup and stem of bright red color inside and whitish outside with short white hairs. The form straightens over time and the edges become light and uneven.

The leg is 0.5-3 cm high, conical, 3-12 mm in diameter.

The flesh of the sarcoscith mushroom is bright red, dense, scarlet. Young specimens have a faint pleasant odor, while mature specimens have a “chemistry” like DDT.

Variability. The color of the fruiting body inside the cup changes from bright red to orange.

Similar species. According to the description of the sarcoscifa, bright red is surprisingly similar to the Austrian sarcoscypha (Sarcoscypha austriaca), which has similar properties, but does not have small hairs on the surface.

Edible: There is a lot of information on the Internet that sarkoscif is edible. However, the properties of the long-term effects of these mushrooms on the body have not been studied, therefore, from a scientific point of view, they are officially inedible.

Kaloscifa brilliant: photo and description

Caloscypha brilliant (lat.Caloscypha fulgens) is considered one of the most colorful spring mushrooms, but it has no special nutritional value. Collecting this species for consumption is not recommended because the composition of its pulp has not yet been fully understood. Other names: Detonia fulgens, Peziza fulgens, Cochlearia fulgens.

What does the shining Kaloscifa look like?

The fruiting body is quite small, usually about 2 cm in diameter. In young mushrooms, the cap looks like an egg, but then it opens. In mature specimens, the fruiting body takes the form of a bowl with walls bent inward, and small breaks are often located along the edge. In older specimens, the appearance is more like a saucer.

The hymenium (the surface of the mushroom from the inside) is dull to the touch, bright orange or yellow, sometimes almost red fruiting bodies are found. On the outside, the shining Kaloscif is painted in a dirty gray with an admixture of green. The surface is smooth on the outside, however, there is often a whitish coating on it.

The spore powder is white, some spores are almost round. The pulp is quite tender, even fragile. On the cut, it is painted in yellow tones, but from touch it quickly acquires a blue tint. The smell of the pulp is weak, expressionless.

This is a sessile variety, so the mushroom has a very small stem. In most cases, it is completely absent.

Where and how it grows

Caloscifa brilliant is a rather rare species that is found only in North America and Europe. On the territory of Russia, large groups of mushrooms are found in the Leningrad Region and the Moscow Region.

Fruiting of Kaloscypha brilliant falls on the end of April - mid-June. Depending on the climate, these dates may shift slightly - for example, in temperate latitudes, the crop can be harvested only from the end of April to the last days of May. Kaloscifa practically does not bear fruit every year, empty seasons often occur.

You should look for this variety in coniferous and mixed forests, with special attention paid to places under spruces, birches and aspens, where moss grows and needles accumulate. Sometimes fruiting bodies grow on rotten stumps and fallen trees

In the highlands, the shining Kaloscifa can be found not far from clusters of giant morels and morels.

Is the mushroom edible or not

There are no exact data on the toxicity of Caloscypha, however, it is not collected for consumption - the fruiting bodies are too small. The taste of the pulp and the smell of the mushroom are inexpressive. Refers to inedible.

Doubles and their differences

There are not many twins of the Kalosciph shiny. It differs from all similar varieties in that the pulp of the fruit bodies in it acquires a bluish color soon after mechanical action (impact, squeezing). In false species, the pulp does not change color after touching it.

Orange aleuria (Latin Aleuria aurantia) is the most common twin of the shining caloscyphus. The similarities between them are really great, but these mushrooms grow at different times. Orange aleuria bears fruit on average from August to October, in contrast to the spring caloscyphus.

Conclusion

Caloscifa brilliant is not poisonous, however, its fruit bodies also do not represent nutritional value. The properties of this mushroom have not yet been fully studied, so it is not recommended to collect it.

Basic rules of care

If the plant is grown in a container type, watering is done more often and phosphorus fertilizers are applied every 2-3 weeks. But you do not need to overdo it with watering, calocephalus belongs to drought-resistant flowers and can die with stagnant moisture.

When growing a dwarf shrub in the open field, you can completely abandon the use of fertilizers, because it feels good enough even in poor soils.

After the plant has faded, and this happens in the middle of summer, it is recommended that the calocephalus be pruned so that the shape of the plant acquires a more aesthetic appearance and retains its silvery color.

caloscypha - Caloscypha

Caloscif fungal genus in the family Caloscyphaceae (of the order of Pecitseva). The genus is of the same type, it contains separate species fulgens caloscif commonly known as peel fungus spring orange , v golden bowl , or dazzling cup ... It is a mushroom cup, typically up to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) in diameter, with a bright to pale orange interior and orange; Specimens that are old or bruised often have olive green discoloration, especially around the edges. In North America, it is usually found on the ground in the forest floor near conifers. Fruiting occurs in early spring following snowmelt. Asexual (imperfect), or conidial stage C. fulgens is a phytopathogenic species Geniculodendron pyriforme infecting dormant seeds on the Sitka spruce.

Botanical description

Calocephalus belongs to the Astrov family and belongs to perennial evergreen dwarf shrubs, its size varies from 20 cm to 1 meter. The leaves of the plant are rather small, do not exceed 5 mm in length, in their structure, the leaf is linear, tightly attached to the stem and resembles scales. In older shrubs, the stem becomes brown and harder.

The inflorescences of the plant are a sphere-shaped head that appears even in the fall, and stop forming when the temperature does not reach zero. The peduncles of the calocephalus are inconspicuous, pale yellow in color, and are located in the depths of the scaly bracts.