Ileodictyon edible (Ileodictyon cibarium) photo and description

Care and maintenance

Bucephalandra are quite unpretentious in the aquarium keeping. For them, a pH level of water from 5.6 to 7.4 is acceptable (and some species can withstand the range from 5.0 to 8.0), a temperature from 22 to 28 ° C (and from 20 to 32 ° C for more resistant species ), as well as almost any level of hardness.

These plants are demanding not so much for keeping conditions as for their stability.

Much more important in the process
content does not provide optimal conditions, but maintain them for a long
time, without drastic changes.

If the conditions of detention
change too abruptly, the plant develops symptoms of "cryptocoryne
disease "characteristic of many species of the aroid family. With a sharp change
the conditions of keeping the leaves of the plant become watery and die off.

For bucephalandra, this disease is not
as destructive as for their closest relatives - Cryptocoryne.
First, the leaves are attacked slowly, over several hours - if
notice the symptoms in time and return the plant to its previous conditions, the leaves will succeed
save. Secondly, the main supply of nutrients, sufficient for
growth, is stored in the rhizomes - which means that over time, the leaves will grow back.
To make the recovery more comfortable, we recommend dimming the light a little and
enhance water aeration.

If you want to
bucephalandras developed correctly and delighted you with their bright leaves and
delicate flowers, it is worth considering a few more nuances.

When planting, do not bury their roots in the ground.
- the main part must remain on the surface. Better to tie the plant to
stone or snag.
Leaf color and intensity directly
depends on the amount of light. Almost all species are able to exist and
continue to grow in low light, but the appearance can be strong from this
get injured.
To accelerate growth, add CO₂
(e.g. Tetra CO2 Plus) and any water soluble fertilizers (we can
recommend Tetra
PlantaMin).
Plants of this genus are susceptible to fouling.
algae - therefore it is worth constantly monitoring the amount of algae in your
aquarium.

Habitat

In nature, bucephalandra grows in streams and fresh water bodies of the island of Kalimantan (Borneo), which is part of the Indonesian (Malay) archipelago. This plant loves fast flow and clear water.

In each reservoir of the island of Borneo, you can find its own kind of bucephaland

Discovered and first described in 1858 by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott and James
Motley - but after the death of the latter, it was practically not studied. Therefore, from the point
From the point of view of botany, the genus still does not have an exact taxonomy. In 2001
several specimens ended up in Europe, where the plants aroused great interest, and
in 2013, a Russian botanical expedition to Kalimantan was undertaken,
and in 2016 - a taxonomic revision of the genus Bucephalandra, which made it possible to identify 25
new species.

Appearance and others
characteristics of specimens growing in different water bodies are noticeably
differs, and scientists cannot yet determine which of the external signs
belong to separate species, and which describe only the geographical form and
race.

Most highlighted by researchers
varieties of bucephalandra (and there are now more than 30 of them) in their
names are marked “sp.” or "cf."
- this means that there is no full description of the species.

Appearance

Typical external signs of bucephalandra can be called a creeping rhizome, clinging to the ground with the help of rhizoid roots, bright dense leaves (from the outside they may even seem artificial) and a short stem, the color of which often differs from the shade of the leaves. The shape of the leaves is almost always rounded or lanceolate.The edges are smooth or wavy, and the surface is covered with small silvery or golden specks.

Wavy leaf blade at Bucephalandra

When blooming, the bush throws out
small (5-8 cm tall) peduncles with miniature flowers, collected in
inflorescence of the cob, surrounded by a modified leaf - a veil. Flower size
- only 1-2 cm, color - most often white or milky, but there are species with
creamy and even yellow-orange flowers.

Ileodictyon graceful (Ileodictyon gracile)

Synonyms:

Clathrus white
Clathrus graceful
Clathrus gracilis
Clathrus cibarius f. gracilis
Ileodictyon cibarium var. gracile
Clathrus cibarius var. gracilis
Clathrus intermedius

Description

One of Australia's most common funky ones, Ileodiktion graceful looks like a graceful, white cage. Unlike many similar mushrooms, it often breaks off from the base, which causes some associations with tumbleweeds, you involuntarily wonder if it rolls like a tiny smelly ball of wire across the Australian fields? Ileodiction edible - a similar species with thicker, softer membranes, it is more common in New Zealand. Both species were introduced to other parts of the world (Africa, Europe, Pacific Ocean) as a result of human activity.

Ecology

Saprophyte. Grows singly or in groups on soil and litter in forests or in cultivated areas, all year round in tropical and subtropical regions of Australia, Tasmania, Samoa, Japan, Africa and Europe.

External description

Fruit body: Initially whitish globular "egg" up to 3 centimeters across, with white mycelium strands. The egg does not burst gradually, but rather “explodes”, splitting, as a rule, into 4 petals. From it "jumps out", an adult fruiting body, unfolding into a kind of rounded checkered structure, from 4 to 20 centimeters in diameter, consisting of 10-30 cells. The cells are mostly pentagonal.
The lintels are smooth, slightly flattened, about 5 mm in diameter. Clear thickenings are visible at the intersections. The color is white, whitish. The inner surface of this "cell" is covered with a layer of spore-bearing mucus of olive, olive-brown color.
The torn egg remains for some time in the form of a volva at the base of the fruiting body, but the mature structure can break away from it.

The smell has been described as "offensive, offensive" or sour milk.

Microscopic characteristics: Spores are hyaline, (4-) 4.5-5.5 (-6) x 1.8-2.4 microns, narrowly ellipsoidal, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 15-25 x 4-6 microns. Cystidia are absent.

Spreading

Australia, Tasmania, Samoa, Japan, South Africa, East Africa (Burundi), West Africa (Ghana), North Africa (Morocco), Europe (Portugal).

Edibility

The mushroom is probably edible in the "egg" stage, while it does not yet have that specific smell characteristic of many adult merry fruit bodies.

Similar species

As noted above, Ileodiktion edible is very similar, its "cage" is slightly larger, and the lintels are thicker.

Distant Relatives

Ileodictyon Graceful Ileodictyon Gracile

A mushroom from the same Veselkov family, very similar to the Red Lattice, but has a white color and a smaller thickness of the walls of the adult fruiting body. It has an interesting feature to periodically break away from its foundation and go on an independent journey, like a tumbleweed. Lives in the subtropical latitudes of Australia and Africa. Found in Samoa and Japan. It bears fruit all year round. Also, and for the same reason, it stinks monstrously of sour milk.

Ileodictyon Edible Ileodictyon Cibarium

Also a mushroom from the Veselkov family, in everything similar to the previous species, but living mainly in New Zealand. Stronger outwardly similar to Lattice Red because of the thicker walls of the fruiting body. It is considered conditionally - an edible mushroom - in the egg stage, its pulp, theoretically, is edible after preliminary boiling.

Growing evening primrose in the garden

Planting evening primrose

A sunny area is best for growing a primrose, but it can also grow in a little shade. The composition of the soil for such a plant is unimportant, however, those areas that are swampy or excessively wet are not uniquely suitable for it. The fact is that it belongs to those plants that tolerate drought better than stagnant water in the ground. Evening primrose will grow best on light sandy soil with a pH of 5.5-7.0.

If you decide to decorate your plot with evening primrose, which is a biennial, then you can grow it through seedlings. In the last days of February or the first days of March, seeds are sown in seedling boxes filled with a suitable substrate. After the seedlings that have appeared grow up and get stronger, they are planted in open soil, while keeping a distance of 0.5 to 0.6 meters between the bushes. The seed can, if desired, be sown directly into the open soil. Sowing is carried out in the last days of April or the first - in May, and you can do this before winter. Seeds are sown in moistened soil in 2 or 3 pieces, while they need to be buried in the ground by 5-10 millimeters. When sowing, you need to adhere to the 30x30 centimeters scheme. But first, it is necessary to prepare the site, for this they dig it to an average depth, at the same time fertilizer must be added to the soil, so, 3 kilograms of humus (compost) and 2 tbsp are taken per 1 square meter. Nitrofoski. After the appearance of seedlings, they need to be opened, keeping a distance of at least 10 centimeters between the bushes. Plants may need a few more thinning, depending on the species and variety, as a result, each of the bushes should have a sufficient feeding area. During the first season, the formation of a basal leaf rosette and a root system is observed in perennial and biennial primrose trees, while flowers and peduncles grow only in the next year.

Evening evening care in the garden

Young bushes are watered systematically 1 time in 7 days until they are completely rooted. Adult plants need watering only during a prolonged dry period. When the plant is watered or it rains, it is imperative to loosen the soil surface around it while pulling out all the weeds.

If, during the preparation of the site for planting, all the necessary fertilizers were not introduced into it, then in the spring it will be necessary to carry out foliar feeding with a weak solution of a mullein. If all the necessary fertilizers have been added to the soil, then the bushes will need to be fed during flowering by the root method and use a complex mineral fertilizer for this. During the flowering period, wilted flowers must be regularly removed from the bushes and this must be done, thanks to this, the flowering will be longer, while the evening primrose will not be able to reproduce by self-sowing.

In some species, the root system gives growth after growth. In order to limit the growth of roots, it is necessary to dig in sheets of metal or slate around the flower bed into the ground to a depth of about 25 centimeters. Evening primrose grows very quickly, in this regard, at the first signs of degeneration, the plant must be removed from the soil, divided into several parts and planted in a new area. It is recommended to carry out this procedure at least once every 3 or 4 years. In the last days of the season, when the flowering is completely over, the two-year-old primrose must be dug up and burned, while the ground part of the perennials is only cut off.

Perennials do not need shelter for the winter. However, if, according to forecasters, the coming winter will be little snow or frosty, the bushes in late autumn should be covered with compost or peat.

Bouvardia bridle at home

Over the years, the popularity of this plant decreases. However, it is not capricious and taking care of it is not so difficult.

Illumination

Needs good and diffused lighting. In order for the bouvardia to develop and grow normally, it needs lighting from 3000 to 3900 lux.

Temperature regime

In summer, moderate temperatures of 20 to 25 degrees are recommended. In winter, the plant needs rest, but only if it does not bloom in winter.During the dormant period, it is placed in a cool place of 10-12 degrees, it is impossible to get colder, as this may freeze the leaves.

How to water

During intensive growth, the plant is provided with regular moderate watering. It is recommended to water only after the top layer of the substrate dries out to a depth of 2 or 3 centimeters. Make sure that there is no stagnation of liquid in the soil, as this can provoke the appearance of rot on the shoots and the root system.

With the onset of winter, watering should be reduced, but at the same time, it is not necessary to allow the leaves and stems to be lethargic.

Water the plant with settled and soft water at room temperature, in which there is no chlorine.

Humidity

High humidity is not needed. However, for hygienic purposes, it is recommended that you regularly arrange a warm shower for the plant, which will help remove accumulated dust and dirt from the foliage.

Pruning

In order for the bush to be more lush and bloom more abundantly, it is necessary to carry out a systematic pinching in the 1st year of life. And in autumn or spring, before the period of intensive growth begins, you need to cut off all the shoots by ½ part.

Earth mixture

Suitable soil should be nutrient-dense and have good water and air permeability. For planting, a commercially available universal soil for indoor plants is also suitable, but it is recommended to add a small amount of vermiculite or perlite to it. The soil mixture can be made by hand, for this you need to mix peat, sod and leafy soil, as well as sand in a ratio of 2: 4: 1: 1.

Fertilizer

Top dressing is carried out during the period of intensive growth 2 times a month. To do this, use a complex mineral fertilizer or universal fertilizer for indoor plants. In winter, it is forbidden to apply fertilizers to the soil.

Transplant features

The disadvantage of such a plant is that it has abundant flowering only in the 2nd year of life. Moreover, in all the following years it will not be so abundant, or the bouvardia will not bloom at all. In this regard, experienced flower growers advise replacing this plant once every 2 years with a young one. Transplant is carried out only for young bushes that are one year old. This procedure should be carried out in the spring, and the flower should be placed in a larger pot.

Reproduction methods

It is very easy and simple to propagate bouvardia using cuttings. Apical stems are used for grafting. A cut cut should have 2 or 3 internodes. Rooting is quick and easy, and even a simple glass filled with clean water can be used.

By dividing the overgrown bush, you will also propagate the bouvardia. But in this case, the plant will not be renewed and therefore the flowering problem will not be solved.

Diseases and pests

Most often, such a plant gets sick with root rot. Its appearance, as a rule, is facilitated by the stagnation of liquid in the substrate with too much watering. While you are planting the plant, it is necessary to make a sufficiently high and good drainage layer in the container for preventive purposes. They simply get rid of a bush affected by root rot, because it is impossible to cure it, while it is recommended to cut it in order to get young plants.

Also, quite often such a plant suffers from leaf chlorosis. The cause of this disease is inappropriate water used for irrigation. To fight this disease, as well as for preventive purposes, it is necessary to feed with iron chelates.

The flower is resistant to pests, but aphids can settle on it. To get rid of it, the foliage should be thoroughly rinsed by arranging a warm shower in the bouvardia.

How to plant?

As we have already mentioned, most Drummond phlox varieties prefer illuminated areas, in partial shade they wither and do not bloom. That is why this crop should be planted in open areas. You should not be afraid of direct ultraviolet rays - these flowers are quite resistant to drought, but what they do not tolerate is stagnation of moisture. With excessive moisture, the roots rot and the plant quickly dies.The crop grows best on nutritious fertile land. In fertilized soil, the inflorescences are larger, and their flowering lasts much longer.

The easiest way is to purchase already grown seedlings of this or that plant for seedlings, and then transplant them to a permanent place on your site. But Drummond phloxes are suitable for seed reproduction, in which case you just need to have a little patience. If you decide to get Drummond phlox from seeds, you need to know about the intricacies of this process.

Planting is best done in the first half of May, when the threat of return frosts has passed. However, these plants are highly frost-resistant, so planting can be done at the end of autumn. With prolonged warming, the seeds can grow ahead of time, then subsequent frosts will immediately destroy the seed material. That is why planting seeds in November can be carried out only when the probability of warming is completely excluded.

If you do not trust the forecasts of the hydrometeorological center, you can use folk signs. For example, after the last leaf flies off the cherry, the heat will no longer return. If, nevertheless, an unexpected warming has occurred, you need to cover the planting area with agrofibre or any other covering material as soon as possible - it will not allow the soil to thaw under the rays of the still warming sun.

In areas with warm winters, Drummond phloxes can be planted even in winter in December or early January. To do this, you will need to stock up on black soil and leave it in a relatively warm place. When snowfalls begin in winter and the snow finally covers the ground, you need to trample the site for planting, pour out the prepared soil, scatter the seeds and cover them with snow.

When exactly to plant phlox - in spring or autumn, it is the business of every grower. In any case, if you intend to achieve abundant and long flowering in the current season and at the same time minimize the risk of freezing, spring planting is preferable. To do this, light grooves should be made in a pre-prepared area and moistened abundantly, then leave so that the moisture is completely absorbed. 2-3 seeds are planted in one hole, 12-15 cm of space are left between the holes. If all the seedlings germinate at once, do not worry - you can always pinch the weakest ones later.

After a couple of weeks, the first shoots appear, until this moment it is best to cover the planting area with agrofibre - this way you can maintain the required level of moisture. After germination, the soil should be carefully loosened and fertilized. To begin with, nitrogen compounds are needed, and then complex solutions are introduced at intervals of two weeks. In this case, flowering will begin no earlier than the first decade of July and will last almost until the end of autumn.

For autumn planting, seedlings are placed in the substrate in October or November. If there is already a layer of snow, it must first be removed, and then the seeds must be poured directly onto the frozen soil so that the distance between them is 4-6 cm. The planting material must be covered with leaves with mulch and covered with snow.

For beginner growers, it is best to grow phlox by seedling method. For this, in March, seeds are planted in boxes or containers. They will need to be kept in a heated room, where the temperature is kept at around 15 degrees, and the humidity is consistently high. Under these conditions, sprouts appear 7-14 days after planting. Then you need to ensure a stable-moderate moisture of the substrate, otherwise there is a high risk of rot on the roots and death of seedlings. After 3 weeks, young shoots can be dived or transplanted into peat pots, several pieces at a time.

The planting material will need to be fertilized three times at intervals of 10 days, then reduce watering. In order for the bush to grow as magnificently as possible, the seedlings at the stage of 5-6 leaves are pinched, and in May they are moved to a permanent site.

Where and When It Grows

Lattice Red is a very thermophilic mushroom, therefore, in natural conditions on the territory of Russia, it can be found only in the very south of the country - in the Crimea and Krasnodar Territory. He is well known in the neighboring states of Transcaucasia. This mushroom grows in deciduous and mixed forests on decaying wood and thick deciduous litter, in groups and singly, from spring to autumn. This mushroom quite successfully takes root in a new place - there are numerous cases when the Lattice unexpectedly appeared in botanical gardens among the plants brought there from the southern edges - its spores ended up in the land brought with them.

Due to its curious shape, this mushroom is increasingly used as an element of landscape design, and, subject to the necessary growing conditions - first of all, a sufficiently high temperature, it can bear fruit all year round.

Bucephalandra species

Commercial aquarism has already managed to divide this genus into many species and assign a trade designation to each. Most often, this name comes from the name of the reservoir in which a particular plant was found, sometimes from the color and shape of the leaves.

Bucephalandra Brownie "blue"

Different types may not differ
only by geographical origin, but also by external signs.

In Russian stores more often
you can find the following types of bucephalandra:

B.motleyana
"Riam Macam"

Spectacular
species with a red-brown stem and juicy green leaves. Compact plant
for small aquariums.

B.motleyana "Gunung Sumpit"

Enough
large bushes with bright green leaves pointed at the ends, smoothly
turning into a pale red or brown stem.

B.motleyana
"Riam Seterap"

Bushes
medium in size, with dark green narrow leaves. The edges of the leaves are more often
smooth, but also slightly wavy.

Bucephalandra sp. "Brownie"

Easy to maintain and unpretentious appearance with oblong green leaves with a reddish undertone.

Buceflandra Brownie "yellow"

Bucephalandra
sp. "Brownie Red"

Edible or not?

Given that Lattice Red is a legally protected endangered species, talk about its potential edibility can only be theoretical. If we put together all the known facts on this score, we get the following picture:

There is no information on the taste of the Red Grill pulp.
In most sources, the mushroom is called inedible because of the eerie smell, but not because its pulp is technically unsuitable for food.
In other sources, this species is called poisonous, because of the known cases when it was accidentally pulled into the mouth by small children, which ended in severe bloody diarrhea, vomiting and fever. However, there is no specific information about the toxic substances included in this mushroom.
Purely theoretically, the flesh of the Red Lattice could be edible in the egg stage, like that of its Australian Veselkov cousin, Ileodiction the Edible. Then the technology of pre-boiling before eating can be applied to it, as is done with conditionally edible mushrooms.
Given the rarity, protected by law, the status of this mushroom, and the complete lack of information about the presence of any substances useful to humans, we can conclude that eating it does not make the slightest sense.

Lattice Red - an outlandish inhabitant of the Russian south

If you are fortunate enough to meet this wonderful, albeit smelly, miracle of nature in a natural environment, please try not to harm it.The Red Lattice is a rare, endangered species, one of the small but important treasures of Russian nature, and our task is to preserve its strange beauty for future generations.

Types of kalata with photos and names

Below will be described those types and varieties of calathea that are most popular with flower growers.

Calathea bachemiana

This species, whose homeland is Brazil, is considered the most unpretentious of all. The bush has no stems. The length of the leathery lanceolate leaf plates is about 40 centimeters, they are painted in a silvery-green hue, and they are decorated with a dark green pattern, which is located along the central vein.

Calathea makoyana

The homeland of this species is also Brazil, the bush can reach a height of about half a meter. The length of the wide-oval foliage is up to 20 centimeters, and the width is about 10 centimeters. The front surface of the plate is white, almost transparent; it is decorated with deep green veins and pale red spots, as well as a pattern consisting of dark green stripes.

Calathea picturata

Oblong leaf plates in length reach about 20 centimeters, they have a strip of greenish color along the edge, and the median vein is painted in the same shade. The central part of the plate is dark green.

Calathea leopardina

The height of such a stemless bush can range from 0.4 to 0.5 m. The shape of the greenish leaf plates is oval-lanceolate, their width is from 3 to 4 centimeters, and their length is from 10 to 12 centimeters. They are decorated with dark green elliptical specks, which are interconnected by a median vein.

Decorated calathea (Calathea ornata)

The native land of the species is the Colombian humid forests. A low-growing bush reaches a height of only 15 centimeters. The oval foliage is about 20 centimeters long and about 5 centimeters wide. The front greenish-yellow surface of the leaves is decorated with lines of pink and silver shades, and the seamy surface is purple. The species has such varieties as: Calathea ornata roseolineata and Calathea sanderiana.

Calathea crocata

The front surface of the foliage is dark green, and the back is almost brown. If you provide the species in indoor conditions with a long daylight hours (about 10 hours), then in January-February the bush will bloom. Appearing spectacular inflorescences can be colored orange or deep yellow.

Calathea warscewiczii

The species has a spectacular velvety foliage, which has a greenish pattern on the front surface along the central vein, while its underside is purple. During flowering, very showy white, cream or pink inflorescences are formed.

Calathea striped or zebra-like (Calathea zebrina)

A plant native to the tropical part of Brazil. The shape of the leaf plates is elliptical, they reach 40 centimeters in length and up to 15 centimeters in width. The seamy surface of the leaves is pale red, and the front is dark green, and it is decorated with greenish feathery stripes.

Calathea veitchiana

The height of the bush is about 0.9 m.Smooth foliage has an oval shape, it reaches about 30 centimeters in length and up to 10 centimeters in width. The dark green upper surface of the plate is decorated with greenish-yellow stripes, and the purple lower surface is decorated with yellow stripes.

Calathea rufibarba

The species received this name, because on the seamy surface of the monophonic foliage and on the petioles there is a pubescence of a red color. Elongated leaves have a slightly wavy edge. There are varieties:

Blue Grass - both foliage surfaces are green;
"Wavestar" - the seamy surface of the foliage has a lilac color.

Florists also cultivate such species as: Calathea Litze, Orbifolia, "Queen of Maui", Lubbers, medallion (roseopicta), wonderful (lanceolate), etc.

File usage on other wikis

The following other wikis use this file:

Usage on ceb.wikipedia.org
- Phallaceae
- Ileodictyon
- Ileodictyon cibarium
Usage on cy.wikipedia.org
- Cawell gwyn
- Tegyll brau eurog
- Y gingroen bengoch
- Cingroen y tywod
- Cingroen
- Tentaclau cochion
Usage on en.wikipedia.org
Usage on pl.wikipedia.org
- Ileodictyon cibarium
- Ileodictyon
- Wikipedysta: Malarz pl / szablony / Takson infobox / 93
Usage on species.wikimedia.org
Usage on sv.wikipedia.org
- Ileodictyon
- Ileodictyon cibarium
Usage on szl.wikipedia.org
Usage on war.wikipedia.org
- Ileodictyon
- Ileodictyon cibarium
Usage on www.wikidata.org
- Q5997602
- Q5997608
- Wikidata: WikiProject Biology / List of mushrooms

Home care for ifaeon

In natural conditions, flowering in Ifeion is observed at the end of the spring period. After this, the plant begins a dormant period. At the beginning of the autumn period, young shoots appear at the plant. In this regard, it is better to postpone the purchase of bulbs intended for planting until the end of summer. If the bulbs are stored longer, then they may dry out.

Earth mixture

Suitable soil is light and should contain a lot of leaf humus. Do not forget to make a good drainage layer at the bottom of the container. Plant the onion, burying it 5 centimeters into the soil. Drizzle with lukewarm water. It is recommended to plant several bulbs at once in one container. The first flowering is not as abundant as the subsequent ones, because the bulbs gradually grow.

Flowering features

Flowers similar to stars consist of 6 petals. They have a very delicate and spectacular color, and with abundant flowering, an extremely picturesque picture is created. For the entire flowering period, 1 bulb is capable of throwing out several peduncles. If several bulbs were planted in a container at once, then flowering can last about a month or even longer. When the plant fades, all the leaves dry out.