Talkers

Inverted and aniseed talkers

Talker inverted in the photo Hat with a diameter of 4-8 cm

Inverted talker (reverse lepist).
The hat is 4-8 cm in diameter, as the fungus grows, it becomes wide-funnel-shaped, brick- or red-yellow-brown, fades over time, shiny in damp weather. The plates are frequent, descending to the stem, light yellow, then brown-yellow, sandy-buffy. The flesh is thin, grayish-yellow or pale yellow, light brownish, with a faint sour odor. The stem is tapered, elongated at the base, often curved, rigid, solid, then hollow, reddish, usually lighter than the cap, or rusty-brown. The inverted talker can be found in pine forests and plantings on coniferous litter, in mixed forests on litter. Fruit bodies form large groups in August - October.

Cooking.
Insufficient edible mushroom. Suitable after boiling for salting. Some authors classify this mushroom as inedible.

Anise talker in the photo Smelly talker in the photo

Aniseed talker is an edible lamellar mushroom.
Other names are fragrant talker and fragrant talker. A fairly rare mushroom that grows singly or in small groups from early August to late October, giving large yields annually. Most often it can be found in mixed and spruce forests.

When describing this talker, it is worth noting that its convex cap with the edges bent downward in the process of growth straightens and takes on a prostrate shape. In the center, it usually has a small depression, less often a tubercle. The cap is painted gray-green, lighter along the edge.

The spore-bearing layer contains adherent plates, whitish in young mushrooms, pale green in mature ones. The leg is rounded, wider at the base, grayish-yellow in color with a greenish tint. Its height is about 5 cm with a diameter of no more than 0.5 cm. The surface of the stem at the cap is smooth, slightly pubescent at the base. The flesh is thin, watery, pale green or off-white in color, with a strong smell of anise.

Aniseed talker belongs to the fourth category of mushrooms. It is eaten in boiled, salted or pickled form, and as a result of heat treatment, the characteristic smell of anise is significantly weakened and becomes not as pronounced as in fresh mushrooms.

The benefits of the mushroom

Talkers are quite useful mushrooms. They have the following qualities:

• increase human immunity;
• have a beneficial effect on the digestive system, as they contain components for enzymes. However, you shouldn't get carried away with mushroom dishes;
• used in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system and bladder;
• destroy cholesterol plaques;
• antibacterial ointments are prepared from them, with which wounds are lubricated;
• the caps of young representatives are rich in numerous micro and macro elements;
• the pulp helps to remove accumulated toxins;
• a decoction of talkers is used to stop the manifestations of tuberculosis.

Inverted Talker (Paralepista flaccida)

• Red & brown talker
• Clitocybe flaccida
• Omphalia flaccida
• Lepista flaccida
• Clitocybe infundibuliformis sensu auct.
• Clitocybe inversa
• Omphalia inversa
• Lepista inversa
• Clitocybe gilva var. guttatomarmorata
• Clitocybe gilva var. tianschanica

Description

Hat with a diameter of 3-11 cm (sometimes up to 14 cm); at first it is convex with the edges tucked inward, with age it straightens out to a flat one or even takes the form of a shallow funnel or bowl; its surface is dry, almost smooth, matte, orange-brown or brick-colored; hygrophane (turns pale when dry). The edge of the cap is often wavy, with pronounced depressions such as the spout of a jug, which distinguishes this species from the similar funnel-shaped talker (Clitocybe gibba). There is evidence that sometimes in inverted talkers, which appear already very late in the fall, the cap remains convex, without forming the usual depression in the center.

The plates are descending, narrow, rather frequent, at first almost white, later pinkish-beige or pale orange, with age they become dark orange or pink-brown.

Leg 3-10 cm in height and up to 1.5 cm in diameter, more or less cylindrical, dry, finely pubescent; painted to match the cap, only slightly lighter; pubescent of whitish mycelium at the base.

The pulp is thin (in the cap), whitish, with a sweetish odor, which is sometimes compared to the smell of frozen orange juice or bergamot, without a pronounced taste.

Whitish to off-white spore print. Spores 4-5 x 3.5-4 µm, from almost spherical to broadly elliptical, finely warty, non-amyloid. Cystyds are absent. Buckled hyphae.

Chemical reactions KOH stains the surface of the cap yellow.

Ecology and distribution

Saprophyte, grows scattered or in close groups on a coniferous litter, often at the foot of anthills, sometimes on wet sawdust and wood chips. More often found in coniferous and mixed forests, sometimes it grows on humus-rich soils, where it forms spectacular "witch rings". A common species in the Northern Hemisphere, common in North America, mainland Europe and Great Britain. The period of active growth is autumn, until the onset of cold weather, however, in some places it can shift to winter (for example, the coast of California), or continue - in mild climates - until January (for example, in Great Britain and Ireland).

What can be confused with an inverted talker

The funnel-shaped talker (Clitocybe gibba) found in the same biotopes is distinguished by a paler coloration, the absence of a wavy edge, and significantly larger, elongated white spores. In addition, it has a much thicker flesh in the cap. Brown-yellow talker (Paralepista gilva) has a lighter, creamy yellow or brownish-yellow hue, and round watery spots (in youth) or dark rusty-brown spots (in more mature specimens) are visible on the cap. The much larger Lepista multiformis is found in open grassy areas (meadows, roadsides, parks and lawns), and has been recorded in Europe (the species is quite rare).

Edibility

According to some sources, the inverted talker is not poisonous, but its nutritional quality leaves much to be desired, and there is little point in collecting it. According to others, it is poisonous (contains muscarinic toxins).

Video about the mushroom Govorushka inverted:

Those who have been picking mushrooms and berries for a long time know how to distinguish edible specimens. The Upside Down Talker is an inedible species that can attract inexperienced mushroom pickers with its appearance.

Can you grow this type of mushroom yourself?

This is an unassuming mushroom. Therefore, they are grown outdoors in an area with young trees. Quite quickly, fungi form mycorrhiza with them.

The mycelium is planted in late spring - early summer, when the time of frost has passed. Three holes are dug near each tree - 20 cm deep and 15 cm in diameter. Half of them are filled with soil, you can use the universal soil for indoor plants, which is purchased in the store. The mycelium is distributed evenly over the soil and covered with soil, well tamped. From above, the pits are covered with needles, twigs, leaves. Carefully water the plantings with water.

However, it will be possible to enjoy the first harvest only after a year; the mycelium in one place bears fruit for up to 5 years.

Talkers are a tasty and healthy mushroom with a strong pleasant aroma. But because of its poisonous counterparts, it is rarely collected and used for food and harvested for future use. In addition, the mushroom plays a huge role in the life of the forest, actively participating in the process of humus formation.

Talkers are whitish, whitish and reddish-brown

Whitish talker (Clitocybe candicans). The cap is 1.5–5 cm in diameter, initially convex, later flattened to a concave one, the edge is thin and lowered.The skin is slightly mealy at first, then shiny, smooth. The color is white, sometimes with a faint pink tint. The plates are frequent, weakly descending, white. The pulp is thin, white, the smell is expressionless, the taste is pleasant.

The leg is 2–4 cm high, up to 0.5 cm in diameter, cylindrical, often bent at the base, tomentose-pubescent. The color is white or yellowish.

Spore powder. White.

Habitat. In forests of different types on litter and needles.

Season. August - November.

Similarity. With other small white talkers, which should be refrained from collecting.

Use. The mushroom is suspicious, in different sources it is designated as poisonous, inedible, non-poisonous. According to some reports, it contains muscarine.

Whitish talker, whitewashed talker (Clitocybe dealbata). The cap is 2–4 cm in diameter, convex or flat, later funnel-shaped, often irregular in shape, with a winding, uneven edge. The skin is smooth, dry, with a light powdery bloom. The color is whitish, with faint grayish zones along the edge in the form of concentric circles formed by cracking of the plaque, at maturity with ocher spots. The plates are adherent or descending, white or grayish, then cream. The pulp is thin, white, the taste is expressionless, the smell is weak.

The leg is 2–4 cm high, up to 1 cm in diameter, cylindrical, slightly thickened towards the base, whitish or creamy, at first solid, later hollow.

Spore powder. White.

Habitat. In meadows, pastures, on forest grassy edges.

Season. Summer autumn.

Similarity. The mushroom is extremely similar to the willow (Clitopilus prunulus), which has a much stronger floury smell and in which the plates acquire a pinkish tinge at maturity.

Use. A very poisonous mushroom due to its high muscarine content.

Caution: in case of the slightest doubt, it is better to refuse to collect white talkers altogether.

Cracking Talker, Reddish Talker (Clitocybe rivulosa). The cap is 2–5 cm in diameter, initially convex, later spreads out, depressed in the center, covered with a powdery white bloom, which cracks as the cap grows, revealing the main color - cream or reddish-reddish. As a result, the surface is covered with vague concentric zones. The plates are adherent, frequent, reddish-white, later cream. The pulp is thin, the taste is expressionless, the smell is inexpressive.

The leg is 2–4 cm high, 0.4–0.8 cm in diameter, of the same color with the cap, or reddish brown, slightly tomentose at the base.

Spore powder. White.

Habitat. In forests, gardens, parks, often along paths, along the sides of ditches.

Season. From late summer to autumn.

Similarity. With other small white talkers, with edible willow (Clitopilus prunulus), which has a flour smell and pink plates.

Use. The mushroom is very poisonous.

Caution: do not collect small white talkers if you are not sure of the exact definition.

The talker is reddish-brown. The cap is 5–9 cm in diameter, wide-funnel-shaped, red-yellow, reddish-brown or rusty-spotted, often hygrophane. The plates are frequent, descending, cream or yellow-rusty. The pulp is thin, brittle, tough, reddish or pale yellow, sour smell, tart taste.

The leg is 3-5 cm high, up to 1 cm in diameter, reddish, lighter than the cap, tough.

Spore powder. White.

Habitat. In coniferous, less often deciduous forests.

Season. It is an autumn species that grows until frost-resistant.

Similarity. It looks like a water-spotted talker (C. gilva) growing in deciduous and coniferous forests, lighter colored and having watery spots on the surface; on the edible funnel-shaped govorushka (C. infundibuliformis), in which the plates are white.

Use. Previously, the red-brown talker and the water-spotted talker were considered edible, but later muscarine was found in them. The information in the literature about their edibility is very contradictory, moreover, their taste is mediocre, and therefore we do not recommend picking these mushrooms.

Look at the photo of the talker mushrooms, the description of which is presented on this page:

Large smooth bent talker in the photo

Rare edible mushroom Orange talker in the photo

Whitish talker in the photo

False doubles of the talker gray-smoky

The smoky ryadovka is similar in appearance to several conditionally edible or poisonous mushrooms. In order not to be mistaken when collecting, you need to carefully study the false doubles in advance.

Tin Entoloma

Poisonous tin entoloma is similar to a gray smoky ryadovka in color, size and shape. The varieties can be distinguished by several signs - the cap of the entoloma usually has a more buffy hue, the plates in the lower part of it are pinkish and sinuous.

In addition, the talker often grows in "witch's rings", but entoloma usually does not form circles. The poisonous mushroom is most common in the spring and is less common than the smoky talker.

Pendant

Another mushroom similar to a smoky ryadovka is an edible large hanging plant with a whitish fleshy cap. But podvyshenniki are usually lighter than talkers, their gray tint is not so pronounced, and the plates in the lower part are pink. Another distinctive feature of the hanging plant is a strong mealy smell of pulp, which is not at all similar to the aroma of an edible gray talker.

Whitish talker

An extremely poisonous whitish, or discolored talker resembles a smoky one with its convex-outstretched cap of a whitish-gray color. But it is very easy to distinguish an inedible mushroom - there is a mealy white bloom on the surface of its cap. The smell from the mushroom is also unpleasant, starchy, and the desire to try it for food usually does not appear.

Soap row

A certain resemblance to the edible smoky govorushka is a soap ryadovka - her hat is brownish-gray with a greenish tint. But it is the greenish color that makes it possible to distinguish the gray smoky ryadovka from the inedible mushroom. In addition, a characteristic unpleasant smell of laundry soap emanates from the soap ryadovka.

Funnel talker (Clitocybe gibba)

• Fragrant talker
• Fragrant talker
• Funnel
• Clitocybe infundibuliformis

The funnel-shaped talker (Latin Clitocybe gibba) is a species of mushrooms included in the genus Clitocybe of the family Tricholomataceae.

Hat: 4-8 cm in diameter, initially convex, with turned-up edges, with age it acquires a pronounced funnel-shaped, goblet shape. Color - fawn, grayish yellow, leathery. The pulp is rather thin (thick only in the central part), white, dry, with a peculiar smell.

Plates: Frequent, white, descending along the peduncle.

Spore powder: White.

Leg: Length 3-7 cm, diameter up to 1 cm, elastic-flexible, solid or "made", fibrous, thickening towards the base, cap color or lighter. At the base it is often covered with a kind of hyphae fluff.

Distribution: The funnel-bellied beetle is found from mid-July to the end of September in forests of various types, along roads, often in large groups. Characteristic: grows in litter, very shallow.

Similar species: An adult funnel-shaped talker is difficult to confuse with something: the goblet shape and yellowish color speak for themselves. True, according to eyewitnesses, light specimens strongly resemble a poisonous whitish talker (Clitocybe dealbata), which, of course, is not at all good.

Edible: The mushroom is edible at a young age. However, judging by the descriptions, there is no joy from this.

Notes: It seems very wrong to me to call glamorous mycenae "humble forest workers". It is not true! Modest toilers of the forest are just talkers, especially such as the funnel talker. The mushroom is quite expressive and at the same time modest: I have regularly met it for about fifteen years, and during all this time I did not bother to find out what it is called - I had to leaf through the reference books.For two years I tried to photograph him for the site, and it was also unsuccessful: the mushroom is not given. (Rationally thinking people would say that this talker grows on a soft bedding, where it is difficult to set up the tripod of the apparatus so that it does not wobble - and therefore the difficulties - but does this explain anything?) And even now not everyone will agree with me that the pictures were successful. Such an independent and strong character has a funnel talker, who, of course, belongs to the elite of the working class in the world of mushrooms.

Edible talkers with photos

In order not to confuse edible varieties with poisonous ones, they need to be able to distinguish them by their appearance. Distinctive features and description of edible varieties with photos are presented below.

Bent talker

This mushroom grows both singly and in large groups-circles, which are localized mainly at the edges of the forest, near roads and in thickets of bushes. The mushroom has a large smooth cap, the diameter of which often exceeds 12 cm. It is dirty yellow in color. The plates are white, gradually acquiring a pinkish tint.

The leg is dense in consistency and high, about 15-20 cm. The color is the same as the cap. The pulp is dry. In young mushrooms, it is white, and over time it becomes brown and acquires an unpleasant odor, therefore only young fruiting bodies need to be collected. The peak yield occurs at the end of summer and lasts until October. For cooking, only young mushrooms are used, which are pickled or boiled.

Gray

The hat of this variety is inferior in size to the previous one and has an average diameter of 8-15 cm. It is thick and fleshy in consistency, and can be in different shades of gray in color. The plates are also characterized by a gray tint. The leg is wide, dense, low, matching the color of the cap.

The pulp exudes a soap-like aroma. Most often, the mushroom is found in mixed and coniferous forests in large groups. It can be found in the forest from late summer to November. Before salting or pickling a gray talker, it must be thermally treated - boil for 30-40 minutes in boiling water.

Goblet

A special feature of this variety is a goblet-shaped hat with a diameter of about 7-8 cm. It has edges wrapped inward, a glossy surface and is painted brown or ash gray. There are few plates, they are brown in color. The pulp is thin, watery in consistency.

The leg is high, about 10 cm, part of the ground is fluffy and widened. You can meet the goblet variety in coniferous, mixed, deciduous forests, where the forest litter is rich in organic matter. The peak of fertility occurs in August and lasts until September inclusive. They eat the mushroom boiled or salted.

Orange

Orange talkers often grow in small groups or singly. Fruiting from late summer to October. They are found in the humid part of coniferous or mixed forests, the litter of which contains a large amount of moss and fallen rotten leaves.

The mushroom is small in size, yellow-orange in color, gradually becoming faded. The plates smoothly pass to the leg, when pressed, they change color to a darker one. The leg is low, on average 5 cm, rounded, becomes thinner closer to the ground. The pulp is yellowish, odorless. They eat only a hat that is fried or boiled.

Funnel

The name of the variety speaks for itself, since the shape of the cap is very much like a funnel, it is about 8 cm in diameter. The surface is dry, the edges are wavy, and has a dirty yellow color. The plates smoothly pass onto the leg. The pulp has a mealy odor. The leg is high, 8 cm long, thin, solid.

Funnel talkers belong to the most common varieties of this species, and they can be found on fallen leaves near forest paths, in thickets of bushes in small groups or singly. Heat treated before cooking. This species can be dried and also consumed together with other mushrooms.

Anisova

Anise talkers belong to the less common varieties of this type. The main feature of this variety is the changeable shape of the cap. So, initially the mushroom has a cap curved inward, which straightens over time. The color is predominantly green, with a gray tint. The leg is low, rounded.

Giant

You can meet a giant talker in open areas, where it grows from August to October. The hat has a funnel-shaped shape and edges bent outward. The diameter is 12-15 cm, but some representatives can grow up to 30 cm. The surface is pleasant to the touch, silky, milky in color. The leg is dense and high.

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Cooking applications

The gray talker can be added to various dishes, subjecting it to preliminary heat treatment, as well as preparing canned snacks from the mushroom. Before use, the fruit bodies must be thoroughly rinsed in water, cleaned of adhering debris and insects. From the smoky row, you can make nutritious side dishes, savory sauces, salads, add to meat dishes.

Important! During the cooking process, the gray talker boils down a lot and loses about 50% of its original volume. Mushrooms can be cooked in a variety of ways:

Mushrooms can be cooked in a variety of ways:

• cooking - peeled talkers are dipped in a saucepan with boiling salted water and boiled for 30–35 minutes;
• frying - the mushrooms are boiled in boiling water for 10 minutes, and then fried in a pan with the addition of oil, onions and spices;
• baking - peeled smoky rows are first put to cook, then cut into thin plates, placed on a baking sheet with meat or vegetables and placed in a preheated oven;
• pickling - the mushrooms are cut into pieces and boiled in a marinade of water, vinegar and spices for 30 minutes, and then put in sterilized jars and rolled up with metal lids;
• drying - the talker is washed and wiped dry, cut into thin plates and laid out on a baking sheet, and then the mushrooms are dried in the oven with the door ajar at a temperature of 75 ° C to 100 ° C for several hours.

Description of the mushroom

There are over 250 species of these mushrooms. They all have a cap and a stem, but their shape, size and color depend on the type of mushroom. Most of the talkers are classified as little-known edible and conditionally edible mushrooms; in terms of nutritional value, they fall into category 4. Before use, they must be boiled in water, the first broth is drained.

Cap part of the mushroom

It does not grow to large sizes, reaching an average of 3-6 cm in diameter. In young mushrooms, it has the shape of a hemisphere, but with age it evens out and takes on a depressed shape.

The surface is smooth and dry under normal climatic conditions, with frequent rains it can be covered with a mucous membrane. Sometimes on the upper part you can see specks that look like mold - these are the remains of mycelium. The color ranges from white to pink-brown and even ocher, depending on the species. The color tends to lighten at the edges of the cap.

LPs

The color of the plates also varies. They descend the peduncle and may be frequent or rare. They form a white spore powder.

Leg

The height and diameter of this part of the fruiting body of the fungus also depends on the variety, but on average, the height is 6-8 cm, and the diameter is 0.5-3 cm.

Pulp

White, dense in young mushrooms and loose in older mushrooms.

Spore powder

Pure white or off-white in color.