Juno's hymnopil

Similarities to other mushrooms

Amateurs and professional mushroom pickers know Gymnopil well, they easily distinguish it from other similar counterparts. The herbal scale (Phaeolepiota aurea) has the greatest similarity - the surface of its cap and legs have a powdery-granular appearance, grows on the soil.

Herbal flakes

Penetrating hymnopil - one of the members of the family, inedible. The diameter of the cap reaches 8 cm. It is at first rounded, and after ripening it takes a flat appearance. The color of the cap is often brownish-red. It is usually dry and can become oily. The pulp is elastic. The leg reaches a height of 7 cm. The color matches the color of the cap. Hymnopils grow, penetrating mainly on dead trees, preference is given to pines. They grow from early August to late November. In the forest they come across relatively often.

Penetrating hymnopill

These mushrooms include the following: firstly, they are mushrooms, but they differ in the color of the cap; secondly, some mushroom pickers determine the similarity with dark red champignons.

It is advisable to carefully consider the photographs of the mushroom twins, this will help in recognizing the present. It is recommended to go to the forest with an experienced person who could show and tell more than you yourself can gain from studying literature and photographs.

How not to confuse the dangerous Pine Gymnopil?

Inexperienced mushroom pickers are in danger of confusing this poisonous species with edible ones.

There are several varieties of a hymnopil with hallucinogenic substances, these are insidious fruiting bodies, it is not recommended not only to eat them, but also to touch them with your hands. There are cases when experienced mushroom pickers, getting closer acquainted with the colony of such Gymnopilus, disappeared in the forest for quite a long time. The substances contained in the species caused disorientation, people could not find their way home and wandered into swamps or impenetrable forest.

The bright hymnopil (fire) can be confused with the summer honeycomb because of the color and presence of the ring, adult specimens are similar to the winter honeycomb in the form of a hat and color, the differences from the winter one are more frequent plates and the coloring darkens towards the center of the hat outside. This hymnopile is deadly poisonous, so accurate knowledge of the differences is essential.

Another type of hymnopil - hybrid - is similar to winter honeydew in three ways: it has no rings, similarity in the color of the cap and loose plates.

Summer honey mushroom

Flammulina velutipes

He is the poisonous counterpart of winter honey. Their similarity is in bright colors. However, flammulina (honeydew), in contrast to the fireball (hymnopil), has a shiny surface of the cap and a velvety leg. Fire mushrooms are much larger than edible honey fungus, they are located in coniferous forests, sometimes found in mixed ones, on spruce or pine log cabins and stumps. In contrast to Flammulina, which grows exclusively on deciduous trees.

Fireflies bear a great resemblance to the highly poisonous Galerina bordered, but that coloring is paler and smaller in size. Mature hymnopils very clearly differ from winter and Galerina's honey fungus, bordered by an abundant amount of rusty spore powder that stains the hands.

Description of the Penetrating Hymnopist

The cap of this mushroom is quite changeable. Its diameter is about 8 centimeters. The color is brown-red, mostly darker in the central part. The shape of the cap is round, convex and outstretched with a central tubercle at different stages of growth. The surface is dry, smooth, and becomes oily after rain.

The flesh of the cap is elastic, yellowish in color, and the flesh of the stem is fibrous, light brown in color. The pulp has a bitter taste. The plates are located often, they are relatively narrow, slightly descending along the pedicle. At a young age, the plates are narrow, with age they darken and become brownish-rusty.Abundant spore powder, also rusty-brown in color.

The leg is winding, its height is 3-7 centimeters, and the diameter is 0.5-1 centimeters. The color of the leg matches the cap, but in general it is lighter. The surface of the leg is longitudinally fibrous, in some places a white bloom is noticeable. There is no ring on the leg.

Places of growth of the penetrating hymnnop

Hymnnopils settle on dying conifers, mainly pine trees. The hymnopils are fruitful from August to November. They are common enough, but not easy to spot.

Evaluation of the taste of penetrating hymnopils

Penetrating hymnopil is an inedible or poisonous mushroom. His taste is bitter, he discourages any desire to experiment.

The similarity of the penetrating hymnopist with other species

There are a lot of unclear things in the Gymnopil genus, some species are combined with each other, others are distinguished by shaggy caps, but the penetrating hymnopil is confidently distinguished by abundant spore powder, yellow or rusty-brown plates and the absence of a ring on the leg.

Related species

The disappearing hymnopil is an inedible mushroom. Its cap reaches 8 centimeters in diameter. Its shape changes from convex to almost stripe. In different weather, the surface of the cap is dry and wet. Its color is yellow-brown or yellow-orange. The pulp is bitter, reddish in color. The leg is almost even, up to 7 centimeters long, hollow, smooth or fibrous. The color of the leg is reddish or whitish.

Extinct hymnopils grow in North America. They settle in small groups, sometimes singly. They live on decaying coniferous wood.

Pine hymnopil is an inedible mushroom. The hat has a size of up to 10 centimeters, its shape changes from convex to bell-shaped, and then flat. The surface is dry and smooth and may have small scales. The color of the cap is ocher, golden, yellow with brown or brownish tint. The leg reaches a height of 5 centimeters, its lower part can be curved. Young mushrooms have brown legs, and with age they turn significantly white and become creamy.

These mushrooms grow in Russia, Europe and North America. Fruiting time June-October. They prefer conifers, but they can also grow in deciduous forests. They settle on rotting branches and stumps.

Similar types and differences from them

Inedible

Herbal scales. Unlike hymnopilus, it cannot grow on wood - only on the ground, it has a much larger size. Her hat and leg are strewn with grainy powder.

Edible

• The scale is edible. In contrast to the Gymnopil, the prominent one with an always moistened hat, the cap of the Scale edible remains dull and dry, is colored in an ocher-yellow tint and is covered with fleshy plates below. For development and fruiting, this mushroom chooses willow.
• The scales are golden. It differs from Juno's Gymnopilus in the absence of a ringlet on the legs, as well as in pronounced dark scales.

Along with scales, novice fans of mushroom hunting collect hymnopiles instead of edible mushrooms, since they look very similar in appearance, and can also grow on stumps. But from honey agarics comes a strong mushroom aroma, they are not bitter in taste, filled with white tight pulp and covered with many tiny brown scales.

Time and place of fruiting

This species is common in Europe and North America.

These groups of fungi are representatives of the soprotrophic group that prefers to live on rotten wood, deadwood of coniferous trees, such as pine or spruce. Firefly bears fruit on rotten stumps or near them, on the roots. In this case, it seems that the mushrooms grow from the ground. These are very common fruiting bodies that grow in bunches in coniferous or mixed forests, and are also found in deciduous ones.

Pine hymnopil and related species bear fruit from September to the end of November. Quite often, the very peak of growth corresponds to the time when winter honey begins to appear.

If you have to turn to guides for mushroom pickers for information to find out about the differences between the types of hymnopaws, you will find sheer confusion. Some will argue that the Gymnopil pine has a scaly cap, and the Penetrating Gymnopil has a slightly pubescent or, in general, smooth and bare. Other sources and descriptions will give completely opposite information. Still others present Hymnopil hybrid like a mushroom, identical to pine.

Definitioner

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Pileipellis

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Hymnopillus of Juno

Gymnopil of Juno - Latin Gymnopilus junonius

In other sources, this mushroom is called Gymnopilus prominent or Juno's Gymnopilus.

Mushroom cap

Juno's hymnopilus builds up a large hat: at a young age it grows about 25 mm in diameter, at maturity it reaches 150 mm. At first, the hat has the shape of a hemisphere; over time, it spreads out, retaining or not retaining a mild mound in the middle. Large hats often have notches, and their edges are curved upward in waves.

The hat skin, covered with many small adjoining scales, is colored in a rich yellow, yellow-ocher or yellow-orange hue. The scales are colored to match the hat. In the rainy season, the color of the caps seems darker, in dry season it is lighter.

"Hats" are filled with tight, fleshy light-yellow flesh, which turns brown in old mushrooms.

The hat bottom consists of wide, frequent plates of a bright yellow hue, which, as they mature, become brownish yellow, reddish brown or dark orange.

Juno's hymnopil reproduces by yellow - red, warty elongated spores, which are in red - brown spore powder.

Stipe

The mushroom leg reaches 8-35 mm in thickness and 30-200 mm in height, and has a thickening in the middle or at the bottom. It is filled with tough, fibrous pulp.

The foot of the Gymnopil is distinguished by a yellow-brown color and often merges with the color of the hat. A narrow filmy ring remains of the bedspread, which, drying out over time, leaves behind a brownish belt.

Gymnopil of Juno - Latin Gymnopilus junonius

Growing places

These mushrooms are popular with oak and mixed forests, as well as tree stumps. They can parasitize on the trunks of living trees.

The fungus rarely grows alone and bears fruit in friendly families throughout Russian territory, except for zones with a northern climate. Fruiting occurs in July - November.

Description of Juno's hypnopilus

The diameter of Juno's hymnopylus cap ranges from 2.5 to 15 centimeters. Initially, its shape is hemispherical, but as it grows it becomes convex, then prostrate, and a low wide tubercle remains in the center, but the tubercle may not be.

The hat is thick, fleshy, dense. Its surface is dry, fibrous-fine-flaked, yellow-orange or yellow-buffy, when it dries it becomes slightly lighter.

The plates are wide, often located, in young specimens they are yellow, bright, after which they become yellow-brown, rusty-brown or rusty-orange. The pulp is pale yellow in color, with age it becomes brownish yellow. It tastes bitter with the smell of almonds.

The leg height is 3-20 centimeters, and the diameter ranges from 0.8 to 3.5 centimeters. The leg is thickened at the base or in the middle. The structure of the leg is dense, fibrous. The color is brown, almost uniform with a hat. There is a narrow, small, filmy ring on the leg, which can fall off with age, while only a brown belt remains on the leg.

Places of growth of Juno's hypnopilus

These mushrooms are found in various types of forests. They can grow singly or in small groups and bunches.

They can be found from mid-summer to late autumn, usually in mixed forests. Favorite growing places are the soil under oak trees or places near oak stumps.

Mushroom pickers consider Juno's hypnopilus a wood destroyer, but they often parasitize living trees. The range of these mushrooms covers almost the entire territory of the Russian Federation, with the exception of cold northern places. These species are very well known to hobbyists who are well versed in different types of mushrooms.

Juno's hymnopylus growing on deciduous wood rocks, on dead or dying trees and stumps.

Description

If we talk about the appearance of Juno's Gymnopil, then it bears a resemblance to edible scales, the mushroom has a dry or slimy cap, yellow-ocher color, with rather thick plates. Usually grows on deciduous trees, prefers willows, but also on pines.

Another name is Gymnopil prominent. The Latin name of the mushroom is Gymnopilus junonius.

Hat

It is yellow, often up to orange. Reaches 15 cm. On the outside, covered with numerous, well-attached scales. Aging, it acquires a hemispherical shape, transforms into a completely flat one, and to a large extent with wavy edges. In this case, the plates of the mushroom change color to rusty brown.

Plates - adherent with teeth, frequent, wide. Young mushrooms are yellow in color and covered with a frequent spider web, as they mature, they darken, acquire a yellow-brown.

Hymenophore

The hymenophore consists of plates. Spores are located on the membranous ring at the top of the pedicle, which has a dark color. Spores are small particles, rusty in color.

Pulp

The pulp is hard, dense, whitish, it can also be yellow or brown, it tastes bitter. Has an expressionless smell of almonds.

Leg

The leg has a fibrous coating, thickened at the base. The shape of the stem of the mushroom is root-shaped. The length of the leg is from 3 to 10 cm, about 1 cm in diameter. It has a yellow, fibrous-membranous, hanging ring.

Interesting Facts

• Mushrooms are a balanced composition of almost all valuable ingredients. These are proteins, fats, and vitamins. Mushrooms are a low-calorie food product. It should be noted that they contain 18 amino acids that have a beneficial effect on the body. The usefulness also lies in the contained trace elements - potassium, media and others.
• All this has a beneficial effect on the work of the cardiovascular system, improves metabolism, and the production of hormones.
• There are, of course, some drawbacks in them, as in food, but this is a separate topic.
• Mushrooms play an essential role in the cycle of nature - they help to decompose organic matter to mineral substances, which can later be assimilated by plants.
• Mushrooms growing on the soil significantly improve its fertile layer.
• By now, about 100 species of edibles are known and studied, much less is used.
• There are also special ones - molds for antibiotics. These drugs are used to treat a large number of diseases, some of which were previously considered incurable.
• Yeast is nothing more than a special kind of mushroom. Special yeast is used to prepare fermentation products - it can be fermented milk products, as well as raw ones, and much more.
• Some parasitic fungi that are harmful to human health have to be fought. Also, fungi that destroy wood are harmful, there are fungi that cause diseases in cereals, as well as diseases of animals and humans.

Multicolor scaly (Pholiota polychroa)

Synonyms:

• Agaricus polychrous
• Agaricus ornellus
• Pholiota appendiculata
• Pholiota ornella
• Gymnopilus polychrous

Description

Hat: 2-10 centimeters. Broadly convex, broadly bell-shaped with a tucked edge in youth and nearly flat with age. Sticky or slimy, smooth. The peel is easy to peel. Young mushrooms have numerous scales on the surface of the cap, forming concentric circles, mostly creamy whitish-yellowish, but they can also be darker. With age, the scales are washed off by rains or simply move away.

The color of the cap varies in a fairly wide range, several colors may be present, which, in fact, gave the name to the species. Young specimens usually have shades of olive, reddish-olive, pink, pinkish-purple (sometimes almost entirely of the same color).

With age, yellowish-orange areas may be present, closer to the edge of the cap. The colors gently transition one into another, darker, more saturated, in red-violet tones - in the center, lighter, yellowish - to the edge, forming more or less pronounced concentric zones.
Among the many colors that may be present on the cap are called: pale grass green, blue-green ("turquoise green" or "sea green"), dark olive or dark purple-grayish to violet-gray, pink-purple, yellow-orange, dull yellow.

With age, fading to almost complete discoloration is possible, in yellowish-pinkish tones.

On the edge of the cap, pieces of a private bedspread remain, at first abundant, fibrous, creamy yellowish or nutty in color, reminiscent of an openwork braid. With age, they gradually deteriorate, but not completely; small pieces in the form of triangular appendixes necessarily remain. The color of this fringe is the same list as for the hat color.

Plates: Adherent or adherent with a tooth, frequent, rather narrow. Color from whitish-creamy, pale cream to yellowish, yellowish-grayish or slightly purple in young scales, then turn grayish-brown to purple-brown, dark purple-brown with an olive tint.

Ring: fragile, fibrous, present in young specimens, then a weakly expressed annular zone remains.

Leg: 2-6 centimeters high and up to 1 cm thick. Smooth, cylindrical, can be narrowed towards the base, hollow with age. Dry or sticky at the base, covered with scales in the color of a private bedspread.As a rule, the scales on the stem are sparsely located. Above the annular zone, it is silky, without scales. Usually whitish, whitish-yellowish to yellow, but sometimes whitish-bluish, bluish, greenish or brownish. A thin filamentous yellowish mycelium is often visible at the base.

Flesh: whitish yellow or greenish.

Smell and taste: not pronounced.

Chemical reactions: KOH from greenish-yellow to green on the cap (sometimes it takes up to 30 minutes); iron salts (also slowly) green on the cap.

Spore powder: brown to dark brown or slightly purplish brown.

Microscopic characteristics: Spores 5.5-7.5 x 3.5-4.5 µm, smooth, smooth, ellipsoidal, with apical pores, brown.
Basidia 18-25 x 4.5-6 microns, 2 and 4 spore, hyaline, Melzer's reagent or KOH - yellowish.

Ecology

On dead wood: on stumps, logs and large timber of deciduous species, less often - on sawdust and small timber. Rarely - on conifers.

Season and distribution

Autumn.
The fungus is quite rare, but appears to be widespread throughout the world. There are confirmed finds in North America and Canada. Periodically, photos of multi-colored scales appear on Russian-language sites to identify mushrooms, that is, it definitely grows in Europe and Asia.

Edibility

Unknown.

Notes Spore Powder Scale multicolor is essentially brown, but a good quality Spore Print has a slight purple tint. Despite this controversial color, agaricologists consider it to be closer to Pholiota (or Flammula, in older publications) than to any of the purple-flowered Spore Print genera. This only indicates the Spore Print interchromatography between Psilocybe, Stropharia and Pholiota.

Photo: from the questions in recognition. Special thanks to our user Natalia for the photo.