Description of hygrophoric mushrooms: edible late and early varieties

Useful properties and contraindications

• normalizes the work of the central nervous system;
• improves the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract;
• restores the lymphatic system thanks to biologically active components;
• prevents obesity;
• reduces the risk of complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus;
• strengthens the body's immune defenses;
• normalizes hepatic function;
• improves the functioning of the organs of the genitourinary system;
• increases the activity of the optic nerve.

Any drug not only has a positive effect on the body, but can provoke a negative reaction.

Important! The use of hygrophors is prohibited for people who have problems with metabolic processes, allergy sufferers, suffering from epileptic seizures. In some cases, medical staff recorded the development of hypervitaminosis in people after eating mushrooms. The fruiting body is rich in protein, therefore, kidney disorders are often observed

In addition, fungi accumulate toxic substances. Experts advise to refrain from preparing fruits collected near highways, factories. This can lead to serious poisoning of the body. It is forbidden to eat any mushroom dishes for pregnant and lactating women, as well as children under 12 years old

The fruit body is rich in protein, therefore, violations in the functioning of the kidneys are often observed. In addition, fungi accumulate toxic substances. Experts advise to refrain from preparing fruits collected near highways and factories. This can lead to serious poisoning of the body. It is forbidden to eat any mushroom dishes for pregnant and lactating women, as well as children under 12 years old.

Fragrant gigrofor

Family: Hygrophoraceae.

Synonyms: fragrant hygrophor, fragrant hygrophor, gray hygrophor.

Description. The cap is 4-10 cm in diameter, convex, then flat, often with a flat tubercle or depressed, smooth, slimy or slightly sticky, gray, yellowish-gray, sometimes with an olive tint, lighter along the edge (to whitish), sometimes off-white. The plates are rare, thick, white, grayish with age. The pulp is white or grayish, with a strong smell of almonds or anise (or their combination), with an expressionless taste. Stem 5-15 X 0.6-2 cm, cylindrical or narrowed towards the base, dry or wet, with pubescence, mealy-granular bloom or small yellowish scales, at first white, grayish with age.

Fragrant gigrofor is found in coniferous and mixed forests, on calcareous soils, often among mosses, throughout the forest zone of Russia, not often and not abundantly, it forms mycorrhiza with spruce.

Fruiting in August-October.

Similar species. The combination of characteristic odor (anise-almond) and color does not allow this hygrophor to be confused with its other relatives.

Medicinal properties. Studies on antioxidant activity have shown the presence of at least five organic acids: oxalic, citric, malic, quinic and fumaric. In tests for antimicrobial activity, the fungus showed inhibition of the growth of a wide range of bacteria pathogenic for humans: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis. Antifungal activity has been shown against the yeast pathogens Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Cooking use. An edible mushroom with a low taste, it is eaten fresh, pickled and salted.

Mushroom hygrophorum late (brown)

Category: edible.

Late hygrophorus cap (Hygrophorus hypothejus) (diameter 3-7 cm): olive-brown or brown-brown, slightly convex, with edges curled inward. The surface is mucous, the edges are lighter than the center. Because of the color of the cap, this mushroom is often called the brown hygrophor.

Leg (height 4-12 cm): yellowish or olive, solid, smooth, cylindrical. Older mushrooms may be hollow. Young hygrophors have a ring that disappears over time.

Plates: yellow or light orange, sparse and thick, weakly adherent to the stem. Sometimes with the remains of the bedspread.

Pulp: odorless, fragile. Almost white in the cap, yellowish in the stem.

Doubles: none.

When it grows: from mid-September to almost the end of November. It appears even when the first snow falls, which is why it got the name "late".

Where to find it: near pine trees in conifers or mixed

Eating: young late hygrophors have a very pleasant taste and are used for making soups or main courses. This mushroom is especially popular in the cuisine of the Balkan countries.

Application in traditional medicine: not applicable.

Other names: brown hygrophor, wood lice.

Mushroom hygrophorum late (brown)

Late hygrophorus cap (Hygrophorus hypothejus) (diameter 3-7 cm):
olive-brown or brown-brown, slightly convex, with edges curled inward. The surface is mucous, the edges are lighter than the center. Because of the color of the cap, this mushroom is often called the brown hygrophor.

Leg (height 4-12 cm):
yellowish or olive, solid, smooth, cylindrical. Older mushrooms may be hollow. Young hygrophors have a ring that disappears over time.

Plates:
yellow or light orange, sparse and thick, weakly adherent to the stem. Sometimes with the remains of the bedspread.

Pulp:
odorless, fragile. Almost white in the cap, yellowish in the stem.

Doubles:
absent.

When it grows:
from mid-September to almost the end of November. It appears even when the first snow falls, which is why it got the name "late".

Where can I find:
next to pine trees in conifers or mixed

Eating:
young late hygrophors have a very pleasant taste and are used for making soups or main courses. This mushroom is especially popular in the cuisine of the Balkan countries.

Application in traditional medicine:
does not apply.

Other names:
the hygrophor is brown, wood lice.

Definitioner

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. The specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hyphae and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidium can be divided into probasidium - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Pileipellis

Lat.Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Pileipellis (Pileipellis)

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Ixotrihoderma

Trichoderma, consisting of hyphae immersed in mucus. The surface of the cap is oily, slippery or slimy.

Lat. Ixotrichoderm.

See Trichoderma, Gifa.

Ixokutis

Cutis, consisting of hyphae immersed in mucus. The surface of the cap is oily, slippery or slimy.

Lat. Ixocutis.

See Cutis, Gifa.

Gigrofor meadow: edibility, description and photo

Meadow gigrofor is one of the representatives of the Gigroforov family. Belongs to the category of rare mushrooms. In other sources, it can be found under the name meadow hygrocybe or meadow cuffhyllum. It grows mainly in small groups. The official name is Cuphophyllus pratensis.

What does meadow hygrophor look like?

The fruiting body of this species is of a standard shape. Its color ranges from golden to light brown, depending on growing conditions. The hat at a young age has a very convex shape with the edges bent down. But later it opens up and flattens. In adult specimens, only a small tubercle remains in the center, and the edges become sharp and thin. In high humidity, the cap is slippery and shiny.

On the reverse side of the upper part, you can see rare thick plates descending to the stem. They are dense to the touch, and their color is slightly lighter than the cap. When broken, you can see the pulp of a light yellow shade of dense consistency. Its color does not change upon contact with air. The pulp has a pleasant taste and exudes a slight mushroom odor.

The spores of the meadow hygrophor are colorless, smooth. Their shape resembles an ellipse, and the size is 5-7 x 4-5 microns.

The leg of this species is cylindrical, slightly narrowed at the base. Its length is 4-8 cm, and its thickness is 0.5-1.2 cm. It has a pale yellow color.

Gigrofor meadow grows in thickets of grass, for which it got its name

Where does the meadow hygrophor grow

This species grows in grass in meadows and pastures. Sometimes it can be found in light plantings of a mixed type, but this is more an accident than a pattern.

Meadow gigrofor can be found in:

• Europe;
• North and South America;
• New Zealand;
• North Africa;
• Australia;
• North Asia.

Is it possible to eat meadow hygrophor

This mushroom is edible. In terms of taste, it belongs to the third category, so it is in no way inferior to autumn mushrooms. It can be consumed without fear for your health.However, when collecting, it is better to give preference to young specimens, since their taste is more intense.

False doubles

This species is in many ways similar to its relative Karsten hygrophor. In the latter, the shade of the fruiting body is light apricot, and the plates are pale pink. The diameter of the cap is 3-7 cm. The stem is whitish, tapering at the base. The twin is also an edible mushroom.

This species grows in coniferous forests with a developed moss cover, prefers spruce forests. Widespread in Finland. The official name is Hygrophorus karstenii.

Karsten's Gigrofor is especially good fried and stewed, but can also be eaten fresh

Collection rules and use

The fruiting period of the meadow hygrophor begins in July and lasts until October, if weather conditions favor it. When collecting, it is necessary to cut it off at the base with a sharp knife so as not to disturb the mycelium. It is necessary to fold the meadow hygrophor into the basket with the caps down, so as not to break, since even with a slight physical impact, it crumbles.

Before cooking, mushrooms should be thoroughly cleaned of forest litter and soil. In addition, it is necessary to remove the top slippery film from the cap, and then wash thoroughly. Meadow gigrofor is suitable for any kind of processing, while it retains a dense pulp consistency. It also keeps well when dried.

Conclusion

Meadow gigrofor is an edible mushroom that can compete with many known species. But he is often simply invisible to lovers of quiet hunting. This is due to the fact that many mushrooms that grow in open areas out of habit remain unattended.