Gigrofor olive-white, or mushroom sweet

Description of the olive-white hygrophor.

At a young age, the cap of a sweet tooth is cone-shaped or bell-shaped, but then it becomes prostrate, and even later - depressed. Its diameter is 2-6 centimeters. The cap is relatively thin fleshy. The edges of the cap are grooved, and there is a tubercle in its center. The cap is covered with a sticky, slimy skin. The color of the cap is olive-brown or gray-brown, but with age it becomes slightly lighter.

There are wide plates under the cap; they are waxy in structure. They are located rarely, they descend noticeably along the leg. There are short plates between the wide plates. They can sometimes intertwine or branch out. The color of the plates is white or cream. Spores are elliptical, smooth, white.

The pulp, although loose, is strong. She has a pleasant smell and a sweetish taste. In the center of the cap, the flesh is yellow. In the leg, it is fibrous.

The stem can be fusiform or cylindrical. Its length is 4-8.5 centimeters. The leg is covered with a common mucous veil, which later opens, after which a mucous ring remains, which disappears over time. Above the ring, the surface of the leg is dry, white in color, often with whitish pubescence, and in the lower part it is slimy, has a moire pattern, brown-olive in color with a dark brown belt, which becomes especially noticeable when dry.

Places of growth are sweet.

Gigrofor olive-white bears fruit from summer to autumn. Sweetheart grows in deciduous forests, preferring mountainous terrain.

Evaluation of edibility is sweet.

Sweet tooth is an edible mushroom of the 4th category. Although the nutritional quality of the olive-white hygrophor is average, it is used freshly cooked for food.

Gigrofor olive-white: description and photo

Gigrofor olive-white - a lamellar mushroom, part of the family with the same name Gigroforovye. It belongs, like its relatives, to Basidiomycetes. Sometimes you can find other names of the species - sweet tooth, blackhead or olive-white woodlouse. It rarely grows singly, most often it forms numerous groups. The official name is Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus.

What does an olive-white hygrophor look like?

The olive-white hygrophor has a classic structure of the fruiting body, so its cap and leg are clearly pronounced. In young specimens, the upper part is conical or bell-shaped. As it matures, it becomes prostrate and even slightly depressed, but a tubercle always remains in the center. In adult mushrooms, the edges of the cap are tuberous.

The diameter of the upper part of this species is small. The maximum indicator is 6 cm. Even with a slight physical impact, it crumbles easily. The surface color varies from gray-brown to olive, with a more intense shade in the center of the cap. The pulp is of a dense consistency, when broken, it has a white color, which does not change upon contact with air. It has a pleasant mushroom smell and a slightly sweet taste.

On the back of the cap, you can see rare fleshy plates of a white or cream shade, slightly descending to the leg. In some specimens, they can branch out and intertwine.The spores are elliptical, 9-16 (18) × 6-8.5 (9) microns in size. Spore powder is white.

Its leg is cylindrical, fibrous, often curved. Its height reaches from 4 to 12 cm, and its thickness is 0.6-1 cm. Closer to the cap, it is white, and below, olive-brown scales in the form of rings are clearly visible.

Gigrofor is olive-white in damp weather, after frost it brightens noticeably

Where does the olive-white hygrophor grow

This species is widespread in Europe and North America. It can be found especially in coniferous plantings near spruce and pine. Forms whole families in humid places and lowlands.

Is it possible to eat an olive-white hygrophor

This mushroom is conditionally edible, but its taste is rated at an average level. Only young specimens can be consumed entirely. And in adult olive-white hygrophors, only caps are suitable for food, since the legs have a fibrous structure and coarsen over time.

False doubles

This type is difficult to confuse with others due to its special cap color. But some mushroom pickers find similarities with the Persona hygrophor. It is an edible counterpart. The structure of the fruiting body is very similar to the olive-white hygrophor. However, its spores are much less, and the cap is dark brown with a grayish tint. Grows in deciduous forests. The official name is Hygrophorus persoonii.

Gigrofor Persona forms mycorrhiza with oak

Collection rules and use

The fruiting period for this species begins at the end of summer and lasts until late autumn under favorable conditions. Gigrofor olive-white forms mycorrhiza with spruce, therefore it is under this tree that it is most often found. When picking, it is necessary to give preference to young mushrooms, since their taste is much higher.

This species can also be pickled, boiled and salted.

Conclusion

Gigrofor olive-white, despite its edibility, is not very popular with mushroom pickers. This is primarily due to the small size of the mushroom, average taste and a slippery layer of the cap, which requires more thorough cleaning. In addition, its fruiting period coincides with other more valuable species, so many lovers of quiet hunting prefer the latter.

Description

The fruiting bodies of the caps are relatively fine-fleshy. The cap of adult mushrooms is 2-6 cm in diameter, in young mushrooms it is hemispherical to blunt-conical, then convex and flattened, sometimes slightly depressed, with a tubercle in the center, not hygrophane, covered with a layer of mucus, especially in wet weather. The color of the cap is gray-brown or olive-brown, darker in the center, slightly lightens with age.

The plates are rare, waxy, adherent to the stem or slightly descending to it, sometimes branching and intertwining, white or creamy.

The flesh is strong, white, often yellow under the skin in the center of the cap, fibrous in the stem. Smell and taste are not pronounced.

The leg is 4-8.5 (10) cm long and 0.4-1.0 (1.2) cm thick, central, cylindrical or fusiform, with mucous general and fibrous partial veils, then opening, forming a mucous, soon disappearing ring , above the ring dry, white, often with subtle whitish pubescence, below - slimy, first olive-brown, then with brownish to dark-brown bands on a light background, especially bright when dry.

White spore print. Spores 9-16 (18) × 6-8.5 (9) µm, elliptical. Basidia are mainly tetrasporous, 60–85 × 10–14 µm. Cystyds are absent.

Edible mushroom of the 4th category, used for fresh food.

Similar species

• Hygrophorus persoonii Arnolds, 1979 - Gigrofor Persona is a widespread species with smaller spores, forming mycorrhiza with oak.
• Hygrophorus korhonenii Harmaja, 1985 - Gigrofor Korhonena is a close species, distinguished by a larger broad-bell-shaped cap with a sharp tubercle, gray-brown in color, without an olive tint, often, like the leg, drying out, and also by a smaller size of spores.
• Hygrophorus latitabundus Britzelm., 1899 - Lurking hygrophorus is the most massive species of the group, it differs in significantly smaller spores and a thick fusiform leg without clearly defined belts, but only with small spots in the lower part, forms mycorrhiza mainly with pine.

Definitioner

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Pileipellis

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Pileipellis (Pileipellis)

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Ixotrihoderma

Trichoderma, consisting of hyphae immersed in mucus. The surface of the cap is oily, slippery or slimy.

Lat. Ixotrichoderm.

See Trichoderma, Gifa.

Ixokutis

Cutis, consisting of hyphae immersed in mucus. The surface of the cap is oily, slippery or slimy.

Lat. Ixocutis.

See Cutis, Gifa.

Crowded lyophyllum (Lyophyllum decastes)

• Other names for the mushroom:
• Row crowded
• Group rowing

Synonyms:

Crowded lyophyllum is very widespread. Until recently, it was believed that the main "fiefdom" of this mushroom is parks, squares, roadsides, slopes, edges and similar open and semi-open places. At the same time, there was a separate species, Lyophyllum fumosum (L.smoky gray), associated with forests, especially conifers, some sources even described it as a mycorrhizal forming agent with pine or spruce, outwardly very similar to L.decastes and L.shimeji. Recent molecular studies have shown that no such separate species exists, and all finds classified as L. fumosum are either L.decastes (more commonly) or L. shimeji (less commonly pine forests). Thus, today (2018), the species L.fumosum has been abolished, and is considered a synonym for L.decastes, significantly expanding the habitat of the latter, almost to “anywhere”. Well, L.shimeji, as it turned out, grows not only in Japan and the Far East, but is widespread throughout the boreal zone from Scandinavia to Japan, and, in some places, is found in pine forests of the temperate climatic zone. It differs from L.decastes only in larger fruit bodies with thicker legs, growth in small aggregates or separately, binding to dry pine forests, and at the molecular level.

Description

Hat:
The crowded row has a large cap, 4-10 cm in diameter, in youth it is hemispherical, cushion-shaped, as the mushroom matures, it opens to half-spread, less often spread, often losing the geometric correctness of the outlines (the edge turns upward, becomes wavy, cracks, etc.) ). Caps of different sizes and shapes can usually be found in one splicing. The color is gray-brown, the surface is smooth, often with adhered earth. The flesh of the cap is thick, white, dense, elastic, with a weak "ordinary" smell.

Plates:
Relatively frequent, white, poorly adherent or loose.

Spore powder:
White.

Leg:
Thickness 0.5-1.5 cm, height 5-10 cm, cylindrical, often with a thickened lower part, often twisted, deformed, fused with the base with other legs. The color is from white to brownish (especially in the lower part), the surface is smooth, the pulp is fibrous, very strong.

Spreading

Late mushroom; occurs from late August to late October in forests of various types, preferring specific areas such as forest roads, thinned edges; sometimes it comes across in parks, in meadows, in forbs. In most cases, it bears fruit in large aggregates.

Similar species

The fused row (Lyophyllum connatum) has a light color.
The crowded row can be confused with some edible and inedible species of lamellar mushrooms, growing concretions. Among them are mentioned such species of the family as Collybia acervata (a smaller mushroom with a reddish tinge of the cap and leg), and Hypsizygus tessulatus, which causes brown wood rot, as well as some species of honey agaric from the genus Armillariella and meadow honey (Marasmius oreades).

Edibility

Crowded lyophyllum is considered a low-quality edible fungus; the texture of the pulp gives a comprehensive answer why.

Refinements to the description: Sergey

Useful properties and contraindications

• normalizes the work of the central nervous system;
• improves the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract;
• restores the lymphatic system thanks to biologically active components;
• prevents obesity;
• reduces the risk of complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus;
• strengthens the body's immune defenses;
• normalizes hepatic function;
• improves the functioning of the organs of the genitourinary system;
• increases the activity of the optic nerve.

Any drug not only has a positive effect on the body, but can provoke a negative reaction.

Important! The use of hygrophors is prohibited for people who have problems with metabolic processes, allergy sufferers, suffering from epileptic seizures. In some cases, medical staff recorded the development of hypervitaminosis in people after eating mushrooms .. The fruiting body is rich in protein, therefore, kidney disorders are often observed

In addition, fungi accumulate toxic substances.Experts advise to refrain from preparing fruits collected near highways, factories. This can lead to serious poisoning of the body. It is forbidden to eat any mushroom dishes for pregnant and lactating women, as well as children under 12 years old

The fruit body is rich in protein, therefore, violations in the functioning of the kidneys are often observed. In addition, fungi accumulate toxic substances. Experts advise to refrain from preparing fruits collected near highways, factories. This can lead to serious poisoning of the body. It is forbidden to eat any mushroom dishes for pregnant and lactating women, as well as children under 12 years old.

Description of the fragrant hygrophor.

The cap of the fragrant hygrophor is at first convex, but later transforms into a prostrate one, with a central tubercle. Its diameter is 3-7 centimeters. The cap is covered with a smooth, slimy skin. The color of the cap is grayish, yellow-gray or olive-gray. The edges of the cap are distinguished by a lighter shade; they remain wrapped inward for a long time.

There are thick and soft plates under the head. The shape of the plates can be forked. In young specimens, the plates are adherent, and in old ones they descend to the leg. At a young age, the color of the plates is whitish, and later it changes to a dirty gray. Spore powder is white.

The stem of the fragrant hygrophor is cylindrical, thickened in the lower part, sometimes flattened. Its height reaches 7 centimeters, and the girth is about 1 centimeter. The color of the leg is grayish or brown-gray. The surface of the leg is covered with small flakes resembling flakes.

The flesh of this mushroom is soft, in wet weather it becomes watery and loose. The color of the pulp is white. The pulp has a distinct almond aroma, and it tastes sweet. After the rain, a group of fragrant hygrophors emits an aroma so strong that it spreads for several meters. It is due to its smell that the fragrant hygrophor differs from other members of the family.

Places of growth of fragrant hygrophors.

Fragrant hygrophors grow in spruce forests, they can be found in damp and mossy places. These mushrooms prefer mountainous areas. Fragrant hygrophors bear fruit from summer to autumn.

Evaluation of the edibility of a fragrant hygrophor.

This type of mushroom is practically unknown, but it is suitable for eating fresh, salted and pickled.

During the preparation of fragrant hygrophors, it is necessary to remove the mucous skin, since it has an unpleasant taste and can ruin the dish. Despite this, the scented hygrophors are tender, fleshy and tasty.

Fragrant gigrofor

Family: Hygrophoraceae.

Synonyms: fragrant hygrophor, fragrant hygrophor, gray hygrophor.

Description. The cap is 4-10 cm in diameter, convex, then flat, often with a flat tubercle or depressed, smooth, slimy or slightly sticky, gray, yellowish-gray, sometimes with an olive tint, lighter along the edge (to whitish), sometimes off-white. The plates are rare, thick, white, grayish with age. The pulp is white or grayish, with a strong smell of almonds or anise (or a combination thereof), with an expressionless taste. Stem 5-15 X 0.6-2 cm, cylindrical or narrowed towards the base, dry or wet, with pubescence, mealy-granular bloom or small yellowish scales, at first white, grayish with age.

Fragrant gigrofor is found in coniferous and mixed forests, on calcareous soils, often among mosses, throughout the forest zone of Russia, not often and not abundantly, it forms mycorrhiza with spruce.

Fruiting in August-October.

Similar species. The combination of characteristic odor (anise-almond) and color does not allow this hygrophor to be confused with its other relatives.

Medicinal properties. Studies on antioxidant activity have shown the presence of at least five organic acids: oxalic, citric, malic, quinic and fumaric.In tests for antimicrobial activity, the fungus showed inhibition of the growth of a wide range of bacteria pathogenic for humans: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis. Antifungal activity has been shown against the yeast pathogens Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Cooking use. An edible mushroom with low palatability, it is eaten fresh, pickled and salted.

Mushroom hygrophorum late (brown)

Category: edible.

Late hygrophorus cap (Hygrophorus hypothejus) (diameter 3-7 cm): olive-brown or brown-brown, slightly convex, with edges curled inward. The surface is mucous, the edges are lighter than the center. Because of the color of the cap, this mushroom is often called the brown hygrophor.

Leg (height 4-12 cm): yellowish or olive, solid, smooth, cylindrical. Older mushrooms may be hollow. Young hygrophors have a ring that disappears over time.

Plates: yellow or light orange, sparse and thick, weakly adherent to the stem. Sometimes with the remains of the bedspread.

Flesh: odorless, fragile. Almost white in the cap, yellowish in the stem.

Doubles: none.

When it grows: from mid-September to almost the end of November. It appears even when the first snow falls, which is why it got the name "late".

Where to find: near pine trees in conifers or mixed

Eating: young late hygrophors have a very pleasant taste and are used for making soups or main courses. This mushroom is especially popular in the cooking of the Balkan countries.

Application in traditional medicine: not applicable.

Other names: brown hygrophor, wood lice.