Taxonomy
The variety was first described and illustrated as Tremella rufa Nikolaus Joseph von Jaken in 1778. Elias Magnus Fries later (1828) named him Guepinia helvelloides in his Elenchus Fungorumbased on Tremella helvelloides Augustin Piramus de Candolla, both being the names he sanctioned. It did Tremella rufa and all names based on it are not usable as they are stored. Later, Lucien Kele established a separate monotypic genus Phlogiotis for the Jacquin varieties, whereas Julius Oscar Brefeld placed it (as Gyrocephalus rufa) in the little clan of Persun Gyrocephalus (rejected title Gyromitra). The proper name for the mushroom has been debated for some time, as the name Guepinia Is a homonym (quoted by Fries in 1828) because it was used by the Bastard of Toussaint in 1812 for a genus of flowering plants in the Cruciferae family. Even more generic name Teesdaliaoriginally believed to take precedence over the name Guepinia for the sort of plant, it was later determined to be legally published after Guepiniaby giving Teesdalia illegal name. In 1982, changes to the International Code for Botanical Nomenclature gave protected status to all names taken by Fries in Elenchus Fungorum, and founded Guepinia as the correct genus name.
Guepinia differently classified in the order of Auriculariales with uncertain marital status (incertae cedi), or as part of the Exidiaceae family.
The genus is named after the French mycologist Jean-Pierre Gepin (1779–1858). The mushroom is commonly known as "red jelly mushroom" or "apricot jelly".
Habitat and distribution
Guepinia helvelloides - saprobic, getting nutrients by breaking down organic matter. Fruit bodies G. helveloidesusually grows solitarily or in small soil, usually in association with buried rotting wood. Although fruity bodies occasionally appear in the spring, they are more commonly found in the summer and fall months. In North America, it is associated with coniferous forests. It is also found throughout temperate North America from Canada to Mexico. Europe, Iran and Turkey. It is also known from Brazil and Puerto Rico. The mushroom was also collected from the Qinling area of China.
Hepinia helvelloid (Guepinia helvelloides)
Synonyms:
- Huepinia helvelloid
- Tremella helvelloides
- Guepinia helvelloides
- Gyrocephalus helvelloides
- Phlogiotis helvelloides
- Tremella rufa
Description
Fruit bodies are salmon pink, yellowish reddish, dark orange. By old age, they acquire a reddish-brown, brown color. They look translucent, resemble confectionery jelly. The surface is smooth, with age - wrinkled or streaked, with a whitish matte coating on the outer, spore-bearing side.
The transition from stem to cap is almost invisible, the stem is conical in shape, and the cap expands upward.
The size of the fungus is 4-10 centimeters in height and up to 17 cm in width. The shape of young specimens is lingual, then takes the shape of a funnel or ear. On the one hand, there is necessarily a split.
The edge of the funnel may be slightly wavy.
Flesh: gelatinous, jelly-like, elastic, retains its shape well, more dense in the stem, cartilaginous, translucent, orange-red.
Spore powder: white.
Odor: not pronounced. Taste: watery.
Season and distribution
It grows from August to October, although there is mention of finds of hepineia helvelloid in spring and early summer. It develops on rotten coniferous wood covered with earth. Occurs in felling areas, forest edges. Prefers calcareous soils. It can grow both alone and in bunches, intergrowths.
Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, there are references to finds in South America.
Edibility
An edible mushroom, according to its taste, some sources attribute it to category 4 mushrooms, it is used boiled, fried, for decoration when preparing salads or just in salads. Can be consumed without pretreatment (raw). It is recommended to take only sufficiently young specimens, as the pulp becomes tough with age.
In addition to being used raw in salads, the mushroom can be marinated in vinegar and added to snack salads or served as a stand-alone snack.
Apparently, the appetizing look, reminiscent of sweet jelly, pushed the lovers of culinary delights to various experiments. Indeed, sweet dishes can be prepared from hepinia: the mushroom goes well with sugar. You can make jam or candied fruit, serve with ice cream, whipped cream, decorate cakes and pastries.
There are references to its use for making wine by fermentation with yeast with wine.
Similar species
Guepinia helvelloides is so different from other species that it cannot be confused with any other fungus. Hericium is gelatinous in texture - the same dense jelly, but the shape and color of the mushroom are completely different.
Some sources mention similarities with chanterelles - and indeed, some species (Cantharellus cinnabarinus) are outwardly similar, but only from a distance and with poor visibility. After all, chanterelles, unlike G. helvelloides, are completely normal mushrooms to the touch and they do not have a rubbery and gelatinous texture, and the spore-bearing side is folded, and not smooth, like in hepinia.
The article uses photos of our users, Eugene and Vladimir, thank you very much for the wonderful photos!
Creating man-made beauty with bougainvillea
A single specimen of a tropical flower can delight from one to 10 years under cultivation conditions. Bougainvillea reaches its maximum decorative effect at the age of 4-5 years. Especially beautiful are the bushes planted in the greenhouse soil from the south side. In summer they turn into avalanches of flowers. Compositions with different colors are especially beautiful.
There is another way to use the effect of a separate bush with different colors. Initially, several plants are planted in one tub, an intertwined trunk of several vines and a lush multicolored bush are formed by pruning bougainvilleas.
Unusual and mesmerizing with mystery, bonsai from naked bougainvillea. This variety lends itself well to the formation of a trunk. Arches from lianas, pergolas, gazebos, whatever the skillful hands of an artist can do from living material!
Factors to consider when growing and caring for bougainvillea
In summer, watering depends on the daytime temperature, it is carried out in the morning no more than twice a week when growing bougainvillea outdoors. Spraying green leaves is beneficial to the plant, but the bracts must remain dry. In winter, watering is rare, only for a slight preservation of moisture in a coma of earth. You cannot fill the plant.
If bougainvillea in the Moscow region is contained in a container, the transplant is performed with a decrease in growth, which means that the roots do not have enough nutrition.
It is necessary to feed the plants during the growing season with a complex fertilizer, from spring it is necessary to use the mullein effectively. Excess nitrogenous fertilizers can provoke an increase in green mass to the detriment of flowering.
The plant needs diffused light in winter and a bright long day in summer. Direct sunlight is beneficial for bougainvillea, bright diffused light too. Good flowering requires at least 6 hours of direct light.
If the weather has turned bad, and according to forecasts, a long bad weather is expected, bougainvillea must be protected from waterlogging by all available means.
Planting and breeding
Globularia can be propagated by seeds and vegetatively. The seeds have a low germination rate, so the first flowers appear only in the second year.
Vegetative propagation is more popular and effective, creeping stems quickly take root in places of contact with the ground, in this case, the young shoot is easy, without damage to the mother bush, to separate and transplant to a permanent place of germination. Globularia is a herb for open ground propagated by dividing the bush and cuttings.
Planting flowers is carried out in a loose moist soil, calmly endure close proximity with representatives of their own species and other plants. To exclude the sowing itself after flowering, dried flowers are cut off.For planting, only sunny areas of the garden are chosen, since in the shade the plant is weak, inactively produces flower stalks with flowers.
Benefit and harm
Elodea is found in many aquariums around the planet. It is extremely useful and has a number of advantages:
- She looks beautiful and creates picturesque and exotic thickets;
- The plant serves as a hiding place for small fish, fry, pregnant females and shrimps;
- With good lighting, elodea emits a lot of oxygen, and therefore in aquariums with it, an aeration system is far from always needed;
- The plant cleans well into water. For a high growth rate, it needs to absorb nitrates, phosphates and potassium. The first two, in excess, are capable of poisoning the aquarium inhabitants. Therefore, this type of underwater flora is an excellent biological filter;
- Elodea can be used as food for some fish. For example, it can be eaten by goldfish, ancistrus, scalars, etc.
However, with all the benefits this plant has, there are drawbacks to consider. It reproduces by cuttings, and therefore for the growth of a new shoot, it is enough to break off a piece of the stem from the mother bush. However, this is by no means worth doing.
This is explained by the fact that there is juice in the stems of the plant, which is poisonous for some underwater inhabitants. Therefore, when a bush breaks, the juice enters the water, which can cause irreparable damage. Therefore, such operations should be carried out outside the general aquarium, in a separate container with water.
Climatic conditions for the growth of bougainvillea
A small tree, shrub, liana with thorns is a description of bougainvillea. At home in Brazil, the plant blooms for 9 months a year. Not decorative flowers, bracts. They have different shapes, large, bright, from lilac to white. Behind the riot of color, paper-like plates, at times leaves are not visible.
Of the 18 existing species, it was possible to acclimatize and get hybrids from several varieties of bougainvillea:
- beautiful;
- Peruvian;
- naked.
The plant loves space, a lot of light and warmth. Moreover, the temperature below +5 0 С for plant roots is unacceptable. Lowering the temperature to 0, even for a short time, is disastrous for a guest from the tropics. Where in the vastness of the homeland can a plant survive in natural conditions? Only in the southernmost latitudes of Crimea, on the Black Sea coast.
There, in natural conditions, you can admire the beauty of vines and bougainvillea bushes, garden planting and landscaping. In other regions, potted cultivation is used for decoration with taking out to the garden for summer maintenance. You can create compositions in conservatories and greenhouses. But this is a protected ground with a controlled climate.
Bougainvillea in the Moscow region gratefully accepts relocation to fresh air when the threat of return frosts has passed. But the flowering period is short. In September, the plant must be saved again from a cold snap. But the spectacle of a blooming exotic pays for all the complexities of its content. Sometimes the tub with the plant is buried, and then it seems that the tree is growing out of the ground.
Planting and care of bougainvillea in the Northwest is carried out only in winter gardens, greenhouses. Keeping potted plants indoors is the only way to admire the beauty of tropical plants. In greenhouses and conservatories, bougainvillea should occupy the south side, without crowding.
Bougainvillea growing and grooming requirements
Depending on the conditions of detention, the vine can give an increase of up to three meters per year. The regulation of growth and flowering becomes an important factor in the decorativeness of the garden bougainvillea during planting and maintenance.
Crown formation
Competent pruning of young and skeletal branches allows you to form the desired crown. Any shape of the bush can be chosen. Without cutting, the number of side shoots decreases, the decorative effect of the plant decreases. There are three types of bougainvillea pruning:
- in the fall, before Bougainvillea leaves for rest, the summer growth is shortened by half;
- in spring, twigs with lignified stems are shortened by 10-13 cm, causing bushiness;
- during the growing season, a weak growth and branches are removed, which violate the composition.
The same is done with pot and greenhouse plants.
Temperature regime
Even in the most favorable climatic conditions of California and Madrid, the risk of freezing bougainvillea when grown outdoors remains. Required temperature:
- in summer, during flowering 21-27 0 С;
- the beginning of the growing season in spring at temperatures above 10 0 С;
- the minimum temperature of the earth clod is +5 degrees.
If the plant is kept in warmer conditions in winter, there will be no dormant period, but summer flowering will be weaker.
It is important for areas where the plant is exhibited in tubs for the summer, to observe the regime for a summer riot of color
Description
In nature, Elodea is able to stretch in length by as much as 3 meters, while simultaneously launching shoots in different directions. It is from here that the name "water plague" came from, since this plant grows quickly and is capable of at such a rate in the near future to displace the rest of the flora from the reservoir. This plant can be found in North America, but thanks to humans, it can now be seen in a variety of bodies of water around the world.
Elodea has an interesting appearance. The leaves are emerald in color, and at the same time they are translucent, and completely translucent in the light. The stems are light green or brownish in color. Leaves in whorls are attached to them. They have a pointed shape with jagged edges, and the size does not exceed 1 cm.
In the hot season, this plant is capable of blooming. It is dioecious, so the flowers bloom female or male. However, this applies only to natural elodea. In aquariums, she is only female. The petals are oval in shape.
The root system of this plant is weak. It takes root in the ground thanks to the rhizoids. Novice aquarists do not notice the difference and still call them roots.
Reproduction
In nature, elodea has female and male flowers, and therefore in rivers it multiplies through seeds. In aquariums, only persons with a female flower are found, and it reproduces exclusively by cuttings. This process is not particularly difficult, even a beginner can handle it.
It is enough to break off a piece of the stem from the branch and leave it in the ground or water column. However, the scrapping procedure itself, as mentioned above, cannot be carried out in a general aquarium.
Today there are several varieties of Elodea found in freshwater aquariums. For example, the following are especially popular:
Canadian elodea. It occurs naturally in North America, in the rivers of Canada and the USA. Prefers not too warm water, no more than 24 degrees. If the lighting is good, and the water is not too warm and hard, then in the summer season, Canadian Elodea can reproduce extremely quickly. It should be planted against the back wall. Soon the bushes will become fluffy and large, with an emerald hue;
Toothed elodea (Leafy). She, on the contrary, prefers warm water, since it is found naturally in the tropics and subtropics of South America. Differs in narrow and oblong leaves, the length of which does not exceed 5 cm. They sit densely on the stem, so that even one branch looks quite voluminous. The optimum temperature for the serrated look is 26 degrees.
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Description
Fruit bodies Guepinia helvelloides grow separately or in small blocks. Although they may appear to grow in soil, their mycelium lives in buried wood. They are tall and wide, spoon- or tongue-shaped, and twisted like a cornet or horn so that they look like a thin tube, cut out on one side and often with a wavy edge. Fruit bodies are pliable, thick, and smooth on the outside, which they usually shrink on the underside into a cylindrical or depressed base that is high and thicker. The base is usually covered in white at the base.The upper side (in) the fruiting body is usually quite sterile or with a few isolated basidia and little as a result of the densely crowded protruding ends of the hyphae. The sterile and fertile surfaces of the fruit body are almost the same color, translucent reddish orange to evoke bloodthirsty instincts pink or orange flesh, otherwise more purplish red. Fruit bodies usually develop a slightly brownish tint when they are old. The underside is usually slightly more brightly colored than the upside. The flesh is gelatinous, soft so at the top of the fruity body and with a more cartilage-like consistency at the base. It has an indescribable aroma and a watery, insignificant taste.
hymenium is developed on the underside of the fruit body. Basidia (spore-bearing cells) consist of a spherical part (hypobasidia), to which swollen or elongated epibasidia are attached. V Guepinia hypobasidia are oval to, measuring 12–16 to 9–12 µm, and attached to filamentous epibasidia, which are 20–45 3–4 µm. The spore deposit is white, while the spores are 9–11 5–6 µm, hyaline (transparent), cylindrical to an elongated ellipsoid in shape, and have a large oil drop.
Edibility
Guepinia helvelloides - edible, but soft, mushroom. Older specimens are usually tough and difficult to digest. It can be used raw in salads for pickling in vinegar and also for preserving in sugar like candied fruit. Initial reports using it to prepare wine fermenting with wine yeast.
Similar varieties
Guepinia helvelloides has a rather unique appearance and is unlikely to be mistaken for other mushrooms. However, the red variety Cantharellus chanterelle cinnabarinus superficially similar; Unlike G. helvelloideshowever, it does not have a stretchy and gelatinous texture, and its undersurface is wrinkled, not smooth.
Home care
Post-purchase actions
Such a plant is sold in dry form.
In stores, it is presented as a small wrinkled lump of a light shade. It should have dry roots and leaves. After purchase, the plant must be placed in a humid environment and sprayed frequently.
After that, it will open and take on a graceful healthy look. The leaves become tender with a lovely emerald hue.
Watering
Watering should be very frequent, excessive. It is recommended to keep the plant in constant moisture. Requires constant spraying
But it is important that moisture almost does not get on the leaves of the flower.
They should not get very wet. Otherwise, the leaves may rot. Irrigation water should not be hard. It is forbidden to add any chemicals to the water. It is best to use water that is neither too hot nor too cool.
Landing
If it is decided to grow the plant in soil, then it needs land with the addition of sphagnum moss. The plant loves peat-rich soil.
Transfer
The transfer is carried out by transshipment. The procedure must be performed very rarely, since the plant has a very fragile root system. It is necessary that the flower completely fills the space of the container. The plant may develop aerial roots.
Growing
Selaginella grows best in flat containers. Sometimes small pots are used with a diameter of no more than 10 cm.
The plant needs constant care. The bush does not tolerate hot dry air. Even a short stay in a drought can lead to the complete wilting of the leaves.
Frequent spraying does not give the desired result. Therefore, Leidophylla most often grows in plastic containers, glass jars or aquariums. Also, the plant can be found in botanical gardens and tropical greenhouses.
Reproduction
Reproduction in Selaginella is the same as that of a fern. The plant reproduces by spores and seedlings. You can use small pieces of stem with miniature leaves. They are placed in the water. After a while, the bush will have a root system. Due to reproduction by spores, the plant cannot bloom. You can also use the division of old bushes for reproduction. Delenki are divided into several parts and seated in different places.You won't have to wait long for new bushes. The plant grows quickly and multiplies easily.
Description of the plant
The homeland of the heliotrope (Heliotropium), belonging to the Burachnikov family, is South America, from where it spread to many countries. But if in tropical and subtropical climates this flower grows in one place for many years, then in our winter it invariably freezes out and therefore it is cultivated in the open field as an annual plant.
However, this quality does not in the least prevent heliotrope from conquering the hearts of flower growers. The eye is attracted not only by its thyroid inflorescences, composed of many small flowers and sometimes reaching a diameter of 20 cm, but also by large dark green leaves of an obovate shape, having a wrinkled or wavy texture and covered with fine pubescence.
The heliotrope foliage is very decorative.
Depending on the variety, the bushes of this plant are from 20 to 60 cm in height, and the inflorescences can be dark purple, bright lilac, blue or white. And therefore, a catchy and fragrant heliotrope can act as an additional element of any group planting, and its undersized representatives will look spectacular in hanging pots and outdoor flowerpots.
Types and varieties
Wild representatives of this culture are very diverse, but scientists have managed to cultivate only a few of them: Peruvian heliotrope, g. The most widespread is the Peruvian heliotrope (Heliotropium peruvianum), also known as treelike (N. arborescens).
The plant is a densely leafy bush up to 60 cm high and decorated with blue or purple inflorescences about 10-15 cm in diameter during the flowering period. They have taken root in our household plots and every year they find an increasing number of fans.
Among them, it is worth highlighting the low-growing variety 'Mini Marine', which is distinguished by a compact bush and reaches a height of 30-35 cm. The leaf rosette of this variety has a rich dark green hue, and large fragrant inflorescences are bright purple-blue color.
Arboreal heliotrope, ‘Mini Marine’ variety.
The popular 'Black Beauty' variety is no less beautiful, reaching a height of 40 cm and strewn with catchy corymbose inflorescences, colored in a rich purple hue and thinning the delicate aroma during the flowering period.
The 'Fragrant Delight' variety is very interesting, reaching a height of 35-40 cm. It is distinguished by unusual inflorescences composed of flowers, the central part of which is painted in a delicate lavender color.
Heliotrope Peruvian, 'Fragrant Delight' variety.
You should definitely pay attention to the miniature 'Regal Dwarf' variety. The shoots do not grow higher than 30 cm, but this does not prevent them from forming very lush fragrant inflorescences of an incredibly attractive dark blue color during the flowering period
No one will be left indifferent by the delightful 'White Lady' variety, which forms a compact spherical bush about 40 cm high. During the budding period, the bush is covered with large inflorescences with numerous pink buds, which, when blooming, turn into snow-white caps.
Heliotrope Peruvian, ‘White Lady’. With proper care, none of the heliotrope varieties will go unnoticed. This plant will help to decorate the garden bed in the best way and create a spectacular accent on the site, and the delicate aroma will add a sense of coziness and tranquility to the overall picture.
