Floccularia straw yellow

External description of the mushroom

The diameter of the cap of Mycena filopes does not exceed 2 cm, and its shape can be different - bell-shaped, conical, hygrophane. The color of the cap is grayish, almost white, pale, dark brown or gray-brown. At the edges, the cap is almost always white, but in the central part it is darker. As it dries, it acquires a silvery coating.

Spore powder in fungi Mycena Nitkonogo is characterized by a white color. The plates are rarely located under the cap, often grow to the stem and descend 16-23 mm along it. They are slightly convex in shape, sometimes have small teeth, descending, of a pale gray or whitish color, sometimes acquiring a brownish tint.

Fungal spores of Mycena filopes can be found in two-spore or four-spore basidia. The spore sizes in 2-spore basidia are represented by the parameters 9.2-11.6 * 5.4-6.5 microns. In 4-spore basidia, the spore sizes are somewhat different: 8-9 * 5.4-6.5 microns. The form of spores is usually amyloid or tuberous.

Spore basidia are club-shaped and 20-28 * 8-12 microns in size. They are mainly represented by two-spore varieties, but sometimes they can also contain 4 spores, as well as buckles, which are covered with a small number of cylindrical growths.

The length of the leg of Mycenae of the Nitkonogo does not exceed 15 cm, and its diameter can be no more than 0.2 cm. The inside of the leg is hollow, perfectly even, it can be straight or slightly curved. It has a rather high density, in young mushrooms it has a velvety-pubescent surface, but in mature mushrooms it becomes bare. At the base, the color of the leg is dark or brownish with an admixture of gray. At the top, near the cap, the leg becomes almost white, and darkens slightly downward, becoming pale or light gray. At the base of the stem of the fungus of the presented species, it is covered with whitish hairs and coarse rhizomorphs.

The flesh of mycena filopes (Mycena filopes) is tender, fragile and thin, distinguished by a grayish tint. In fresh mushrooms, the pulp has an inexpressive smell; as it dries, the plant begins to exude a persistent smell of iodine.

External description

Enteridium raincoat is a prominent representative of the slime mold. This fungus goes through several stages of development, the first of which is the plasmodium phase. During this period, the incipient fungus feeds on inorganic particles, mold, bacteria, yeast. The main thing at this stage is a sufficient level of moisture in the air. If it is dry outside, the plasmodium is converted into sclerotium, which is inactive until the onset of suitable conditions with optimal humidity. The reproductive phase of the fungus development is characterized by a white swelling element on the trunks of dead trees.

The life cycle of raincoat enteridium consists of two stages: feeding (plasmodium) and reproduction (sporangia). During the first, plasmodial, phase, individual cells fuse with each other during the cytoplasmic flow.

During the reproductive phase, raincoat enteridium acquires a spherical shape, becoming spherical or elongated. The diameter of the fruiting body varies between 50-80 mm. Initially, the mushroom is very sticky and sticky. Outwardly, it resembles slug eggs. The completely smooth surface of the mushroom is characterized by a silvery color and gradually develops. When the mushroom ripens, it turns brown and breaks down into small particles, showering the areas underneath with spores. The fruit body is fleshy, cushion-shaped.

Spores of puffball enteridium are spherical or ovoid, brown and with spots on the surface. their size is 5-7 microns. Wind and rain carry them long distances after crumbling.

Merulius trembling (Phlebia tremellosa)

Synonyms:

• Agaricus betulinus
• Xylomyzon tremellosum
• Sesia tremellosa
• Boletus arboreus

Name history:
Originally named Merulius tremellosus Schrad. (Heinrich Adolf Schrader), Spicilegium Florae Germanicae: 139 (1794)
In 1984, Nakasone and Burdsall transferred Merulius tremellosus to the genus Phlebia, Phlebia tremellosa, based on morphology and growth studies. More recently, in 2002, Moncalvo et al., Based on DNA studies, confirmed that Phlebia tremellosa belongs to the genus Phlebia.
Thus, current name: Phlebia tremellosa (Schrad.) Nakasone & Burds., Mycotaxon 21: 245 (1984)

Description

This bizarre mushroom is widespread in different continents. It can be found on dead hardwood or sometimes softwood. The typical form of Phlebia quivering is a classic example of what mycologists call "effused-reflexed" by the fruiting body: the spore-bearing surface spreads through the wood, and only a small amount of pulp appears as a slightly expanded and a tucked-in top edge.
Other distinctive features include a translucent, orange-pinkish spore-bearing surface, in which pronounced deep folds and pockets are visible, and a whitish, pubescent top edge.

Fruit body: 3-10 cm in diameter and up to 5 mm thick, irregular in shape, prostrate on the substrate with hymenium on the surface, except for a small upper "influx".

The upper tucked edge is pubescent, whitish or with a white coating. Under the bloom, the color is beige, pinkish, maybe with a yellowish tinge. As Phlebia grows quivering, its upper, turned edge acquires a slightly sinuous shape, and zoning may appear in its color.

Lower surface: translucent, often somewhat gelatinous, from orangeish to orange-pink or orange-red, to brownish in age, often has a pronounced zoning - almost white to the edge. Covered with a complex wrinkled pattern, creating the illusion of irregular porosity. The trembling merulius changes greatly with age, this is especially evident from the way the hymenophore changes. In young specimens, these are small wrinkles, folds, which then deepen, acquiring an increasingly bizarre appearance, reminiscent of a complex maze.

Leg: absent.

Flesh: whitish, very thin, elastic, slightly gelatinous. Odor and taste: no particular taste or smell.

Spore powder: White. Spores: 3.5-4.5 x 1-2 microns, smooth, smooth, non-amyloid, sausage-like, with two drops of oil.

Ecology

Saprophyte on dead deciduous wood (prefers broad-leaved) and, rarely, conifers. Fruiting bodies are solitary (rarely) or in small groups, they can grow together into rather large clusters. Cause white rot.

Season and distribution

From the second half of spring until frost. Fruiting bodies are annual, can grow on the same trunk annually until the substrate is depleted.
Merulius quivering is widespread in almost all continents.

Edible auricularia

Auricularia aura is an edible mushroom of average quality. The pulp is dense, gristly, crispy.

This mushroom has long been prized in the Far East and is widely used today in traditional Chinese cuisine as part of Chinese soups and nutritional medicinal dishes. The Chinese fried auricularia, stew, cook with meat, fish or steamed vegetables. Auricularia is also consumed raw, in salads.

To preserve auricularia for a long time, the mushrooms are dried whole. At the same time, they turn very black, only the bottom of the cap remains light. But when such dried mushrooms are placed in warm water, they swell and return to their previous shape, color and consistency within an hour.

Red Book view

Floccularia rickenii in the Red Data Book of the Rostov Region

Classification: Major groups> Fungi, lichens and fungus-like organisms> Basidiomycota> Agaricomycetes> Agaricales> Agaricaceae> Floccularia

Legal status

Descriptions

What does Ricken's floccularia look like?

Floccularia rickenii is a medium-sized mushroom with a sweetish pulp that has a pleasant mushroom smell. The structure of the fruit body is dense, the flesh is white, when interacting with air, the color at the break does not change.

Description of the hat

Average head diameter - from 3 to 8 cm, some specimens reach 12 cm. At a young age, the cap is fleshy, thick, hemispherical. As it grows, it opens up, becoming prostrate-convex. The surface of the cap is dry, without gloss, with characteristic small warts. These are the remnants of a velum (common blanket) that protects the fruiting body at a young age. Each wart has three to eight facets, with a diameter ranging from 0.5 to 5 mm. When dry, warty growths are easily exfoliated.

The edges of the cap are first bent, then straight, often have fragments of the coverlet. The color of the cap changes from white to cream with age. The center is much darker than the edges and is painted in a straw-grayish or gray-lemon shade.

The reverse side is covered with thin white plates located close to each other and descending to the pedicle. In older mushrooms, the plates acquire a lemon-cream color.

Microscopic spores are colorless, shaped like a wide oval or ball. The surface of the spores is smooth, sometimes with an oil droplet.

Leg description

The color of the leg is identical to the color of the cap. Height - on average from 2 to 8 cm, diameter - 15-25 mm. The stalk of Ricken's floccularia has the shape of a cylinder; there is a very noticeable thickening in the lower part. At the base, the pedicle is covered with small layered warts - about 0.5-3 mm. The top is bare. Young specimens have a ring that quickly disappears as they grow.

Red Book

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Riken's floccularia KK Rostov region

Department of Basidiomycetes - Basidiomycota
Class Agaricomycetes - Agaricomycetes
Order Agaricaceae - Agaricales
Family Champignon - Agaricaceae
Floccularia rickenii (Bohus) Wasser ex Bon

Rarity status category. 3 days. A rare species with a limited range, part of which is located on the territory of the Rostov region. RRC - B.

Description

Hat 3–8 (12) cm in diameter, thick, fleshy, widespread with age, dry, matte, with concentrically located cone-shaped 3–8-sided warts 0.5–5 mm in size, easily peeling when dry, at first white , later creamy white, grayish straw yellow or pale lemon grayish in the center, with a downward curved edge. Stem of the same color, 2–4 x 0.5–0.8 cm, central, cylindrical, strongly thickened downwards. The ring is located at the top of the leg, quickly disappears. The plates are adherent, sometimes slightly descending on the stem, thin, thick, white, later pale cream, with a lemon tint. The pulp is white, does not change color at the break, with a pleasant mushroom smell and sweetish taste. Spore powder, cream. Spores are short, broadly oval, ellipsoid, colorless, 4.5–6 × 3.5–4.5 µm, often with a drop of oil.

Spreading

Abroad, it is distributed in Ukraine, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia; in Russia it is known only from the Rostov region. ... - In the Rostov region. occurs in the vicinity of Rostov-on-Don (Chkalov village, green zone;), in Aksaysky ("Schepkinsky forest massif") and Kamensky (Ulyashkin farm) districts.

Features of biology and ecology

Humus saprotroph. In the region it grows mainly on the soil in plantations of robinia vulgaris and gleditsia, as well as in broad-leaved arena forests on sandy massifs. Does not form mycorrhiza. Fruiting V – X.

Number

The populations are small, represented by single or small groups of fruit chalk. Probably, they have a narrow ecological confinement.

Limiting factors

Geographic isolation of populations, strong anthropogenic load on biotopes. The possibility of complete destruction of the population in the plantations of the "Schepkinsky forest massif" due to the increased frequency of ground fires and a high recreational load (territory of mass recreation of the population) is not excluded. Possible erroneous collection of fruit bodies by the population

Security measures

Included in the QC of Ukraine (2009). Protected at the Alkhovye Kolki SPNA in the Kamensky District. It is necessary to study biology and ecology in the conditions of the region and search for new locations. This mushroom should be promoted among the local population as rare and in need of protection. Artificial cultivation of the mushroom in protected areas is possible. It is advisable to separate it into a pure culture and preserve it as a part of mushroom collections of living cultures.

Practical value. Information about the nutritional value is contradictory (according to some sources, it is an edible mushroom with low palatability).
Sources of information. 1. Wasser, Soldatova, 1977; 2. Moser, 1978; 3. Chipped, 1990; 4. Pridyuk, 2009; 5. Vychepan, Rusanov, 1996.
Compiled by. Rusanov V.A.
Photo. Lakomov A.F., Svetasheva T.Yu

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15.12.2017 20:27:39

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Growing auricularia mushroom at home

To grow auricularia at home on the branches and trunks of deciduous trees (elderberry, maple, linden, elm), two cuts are made, in which the mycelium is placed. Sizes of a piece of wood: about 15 cm in diameter and length 1 m. Disembarkation is carried out in April or May. The grafted substrate is placed in piles. For germination, a temperature of + 20 ° C is required, a place protected from light, and about 3 months. In humid and warm weather, fruiting bodies appear at the end of summer. And if in the future to ensure watering of the logs, then new mushrooms continue to appear regularly. Auricularia are harvested when white spores appear on the bottom of the cap. Mushrooms grow for about six years.

Guernia care at home

Such a plant is quite undemanding to care for and even inexperienced growers can easily grow it.

Illumination

This plant is light-requiring and therefore needs a place with good lighting. It is good if the direct rays of the sun will fall on the bush in the evening and in the morning.For placement, it is better to prefer western and eastern orientation windows. When placed on a south window, you will need shading from midday sunlight in the summer. If you place the guernia on a north-facing window, then, due to poor lighting, the bush will become elongated, and flowering may not occur at all.

With the onset of the autumn and winter periods, the flower needs additional lighting with special phytolamps.

It is worth remembering that Guernia has a habit of having a fixed angle of illumination. And this means that if a flowering plant is turned around its axis or moved to a place with a different intensity of illumination (lighter or darker), then it quickly sheds both buds and already blossoming flowers.

Temperature regime

In summer, such a flower grows normally and develops at a temperature of 22 to 27 degrees. From mid-spring to the last days of September, it is recommended to move it to the street (to the balcony, to the garden), choosing for it a place protected from precipitation in partial shade.

In winter, such a plant needs coolness. It is best if its temperature is kept at a level of 5 to 10 degrees.

How to water

In the spring and summer, water should be moderate. Guernia does not need very long dry periods. To do this, it is necessary to systematically dry the substrate by about ½ part. In no case should the stagnation of water in the soil and its waterlogging be allowed. The fact is that this can cause the development of rot on the root system and stems, while the flower itself, in this case, dies after about two days.

In winter, you need to water very sparsely.

Often, after the end of the dormant period for a given succulent, flower growers may face such a problem as not absorbing moisture from the dried soil. In this case, experienced florists recommend resorting to one little trick. Pour water into a deep and wide enough container and immerse the pot in it. After 20-30 minutes (when air bubbles stop coming out) it should be removed from the water. Drain off any excess liquid thoroughly. Then the flower is put in place and watered in the usual summer mode.

Humidity

This succulent quite easily tolerates not very high air humidity, so you do not need to moisten it additionally.

Earth mixture

A suitable substrate should be water and air permeable, loose, slightly alkaline and have an acidity of pH 7.5–8.5. For planting, you can use a commercial soil mixture for succulents, but it is recommended to add a small amount of fine gravel (diameter from 3 to 4 millimeters) to it. This mixture can be made by hand. To do this, it is necessary to combine sheet and clay-turf soil, small gravel and coarse river sand.

For planting, it is recommended to use a low, but wide pot, since the roots of the plant are underdeveloped, but it itself grows relatively strongly. Do not forget to make a good drainage layer using pebbles or expanded clay for this.

Top dressing

The plant is fed from the beginning of intensive growth to the end of the summer period once every 4 weeks. To do this, use specialized fertilizers for succulents and cacti. During the dormant period, it is not necessary to feed the plant.

Reproduction methods

Can be propagated quite simply by stem cuttings

To do this, they must be carefully separated from the mother plant and left in the open air for 2 days to dry. Then it is planted in a ready-made soil mixture.

As a rule, the stalk blooms in the same year.

In March, you can sow seeds in a mixture of peat and sand. Before germination, the container with seeds must be placed in a light mini-greenhouse.

Transplant features

Annual transplantation in spring is recommended. In this case, they take a container with a slightly larger diameter than the previous one. Experienced growers recommend removing the old, overgrown shoot and renewing the guernia from the cuttings.

Pests and diseases

Often a mealybug settles on such a flower, preferring a loose substrate. It is recommended to fight such a pest with special insecticides (for example, Aktara or Intavir).

The most common disease is stem and root rot. When it appears, the guernia, as a rule, dies. In this regard, the plant must be watered very carefully and do not forget to arrange dry periods.

Mushroom Bloody Tooth

A mysterious and unique representative of the mushroom kingdom is the Bloody Tooth mushroom, which got its name from its unusual appearance. It was first written about it in 1913, although it was discovered much earlier, back in 1812. Interestingly, scientists have not yet fully studied its properties.

Appearance (description)

Some representatives of nature on our planet surprise and horrify. These include the extraordinary mushroom "bloody tooth". It is found in coniferous forests in the European and North American territory.

It's hard not to pay attention to this mushroom, because its bright color immediately attracts the eye.

The name "Gidnellum Peck" was given after the name of the mycologist from the USA Peck, who first discovered this species. The size of the mushroom is average, the cap is slightly more than 5 cm in diameter, similar to chewed gum with a delicate strawberry smell, the leg is about 2 cm high. On the surface of the cap, bright blood drops appear, as if it is stained with the blood of a wounded animal. This red liquid is produced by the fungus itself through the pores. "Hydnellum peckii" is somewhat similar to boletus with wedge or currant juice spilled on it. The body is white, velvety, turns brown with aging.

The main characteristic of the "bloody tooth" is the absorption of water from the soil and feeding on small insects that accidentally fall into it. The word "tooth" did not appear in the title by accident. When "Hydnelum Peka" grows, pointed formations appear along its edges.

Edible or not?

"Gidnellum Peka" belongs to the order of Agaricales, however, unlike the same champignons, it is not edible. The fruit body does not contain poison, the danger comes only from the pigment in the cap (atromentin). Its toxicity is still being studied and it is not yet known whether it is deadly to humans. The mushroom tastes bitter - it needs it to scare away people and animals.

Where and when does the Bloody Tooth mushroom grow?

As we said above, this mushroom grows in the coniferous forests of Australia, Europe and North America. In the Russian Federation, you can see it extremely rarely and only in the autumn season from September to November. Not so long ago, it was discovered in Iran, North Korea and the Komi Republic.

Mr. Summer resident: the healing properties of a bloody tooth

In the course of the study, scientists found that the mushroom juice contains a substance atromentin, which is a specific anticoagulant. It can be used to prevent blood clots and improve blood clotting. It is also believed that the use of alcohol tincture and the bright poisonous liquid of the mushroom helps heal bruises, since the latter has pronounced antibacterial properties.

Some doctors hope that in the near future a drug will be created on the basis of the purple substance, akin to penicillin, which was obtained from the mushroom of the same name.

Similarities with other species

The mushroom has close relatives:

• Rusty Hydnellum (Hydnellum ferrugineum). It can be easily distinguished from a “bloody tooth” with aging, initially a white body with liquid red drops in shade begins to resemble rust.
• Blue Hydnellum (Hydnellum caeruleum). Grows near white mosses in the forests of Northern Europe. On its pulp, the same bloody drops stand out, and it is distinguished by its distinct blue color. With aging, the center of the cap turns brown.
• Odorous Hydnellum (Hydnellum suaveolens). The light fruiting body with blue thorns darkens with aging, has a pungent odor. No red liquid is released.

Straw yellow floccularia (Floccularia straminea)

Synonyms:

Floccularia straminea

Straw-yellow floccularia (Floccularia straminea) is a fungus belonging to the western variety of floccularia.

External description

Young straw-yellow floccularia mushrooms are characterized by a bright and rich color of the fruit body. The entire surface of the cap and legs of this species is covered with large soft scales. Fungal spores are starchy, and the plates are tightly attached to the surface of the fruiting body.

A hat with a diameter of 4 to 18 cm is characterized by a rounded and convex shape. However, this appearance is retained only in young fruit chalk. In ripe mushrooms, it takes on a wide bell-shaped, outstretched or flat, even shape. The surface of the cap of the straw-yellow floccularia is dry; it is noticeably covered with tightly attached scales. The bright yellow color of young fruiting bodies, as the mushrooms ripen, noticeably fade, becoming straw-yellow, pale yellow. Remnants of a partial cover can be seen around the edges of the cap.

The hymenophore is of the lamellar type, and the plates are very close to each other, fit tightly to the stem, and are characterized by a yellow or pale yellow color.

The stalk of the straw-yellow floccularia is characterized by a length of 4 to 12 cm, and its thickness is about 2.5 cm. It is more or less even in shape. Near the top, the leg is smooth, white. In the lower part, it has shaggy areas, consisting of yellow mushroom blankets of a soft structure. In some fruiting bodies, a flimsy ring can be seen near the cap. The color of the mushroom pulp is white. Spores are also characterized by a whitish (sometimes creamy) tint.

Regarding microscopic features, it can be said that spores in straw-yellow floccularia have a smooth structure, starchy and short in length.

Season and habitat of the mushroom

Straw yellow floccularia (Floccularia straminea) is a mycorrhizal fungus that can grow both singly and in large colonies. You can meet this species mainly in coniferous forests, in spruce forests and under aspens.

This type of mushroom grows near the Rocky Mountains on the western coast of Europe, and their active fruiting occurs during the period from summer to autumn. On the West Coast, straw-yellow floccularia can be seen even during the winter months. This type of mushroom belongs to the Western European species.

In addition to the Western Hemisphere, the species grows in the countries of southern and central Europe, preferring coniferous forests. Very rare or on the verge of extinction in Germany, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Italy, Spain.

Kreisel H. Global warming and mycoflora in the Baltic Region. Acta Mycol. 2006; 41 (1): 79- 94. states that with global warming, species boundaries are shifting to the Baltic region. However, no confirmed finds were found in Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Leningrad Region (RF), Kaliningrad Region (RF), Finland, Sweden, Denmark.

So it is very important that amateurs and professionals of the mushroom world from the above countries, including Germany, as well as the countries of southern, central Europe and Eurasia in general, share the findings of the species Floccularia straminea on the WikiMushroom website for a detailed study of places where such rare mushrooms grow

Edibility

Straw-yellow floccularia (Floccularia straminea) belongs to the edible mushrooms, but does not have a high nutritional value due to its small size. Beginners in the field of mushroom harvesting should generally avoid straw-yellow floccularia, as they can often be confused with some varieties of amanita.

Similar types and differences from them

Externally, the floccularia of struma is very similar to some types of poisonous fly agarics, therefore, when collecting it, mushroom pickers (especially inexperienced ones) should be very careful.

Other information about the mushroom

Regarding the taxonomic designation of the described species, it should be noted that this type of fungi is characterized by a serious taxonomic disorder.Initially, the western variety of this mushroom was described under the name of the true mushroom luteovirens, but in 1976 two mycological scientists, Smith and Mitchell, carefully studied the description and taxonomy of this mushroom and, based on the results obtained, concluded that the original descriptions did not belong to the named species.