Fellodon felt, he is also felt hedgehog

Collection and preparation rules

Hericiums belong to the 4th category of nutritional and nutritional value, so they are not very popular. But in France and several other European countries, they are considered a delicacy.

Season

It is possible to collect black-haired women from the beginning of July until the autumn frosts on the soil, but the peak of the season usually falls on the beginning of September. The collection should be carried out exclusively in ecologically clean areas, away from the roadway. The leg must be cut off, and not pulled out along with the mycelium.

Useful properties and restrictions to use

Hericiums have been used since ancient times to treat various diseases. They are especially widely used in Chinese medicine. They are very effective in cosmetology, treatment of skin diseases, treatment and prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, as well as bacterial and oncological diseases. Valuable due to the presence in the composition of many vitamins, minerals, micro- and macroelements.

Interesting! The bactericidal effect of the substances of the variegated fungus extends even to Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella.

However, like other mushrooms, barnacles are considered food that is difficult for the digestive tract, especially for the pancreas. Therefore, people suffering from pancreatitis, cholecystitis and gastritis, children under 5 years old, women during pregnancy and lactation should refrain from using them. It is also not advisable to eat them for people in the postoperative period.

Recipes and cooking features

Hericiums can be fried, salted, marinated, frozen, dried and grinded. To maximize the full taste and aroma, it is advisable to boil them and drain the broth before cooking. After this procedure, they can be used as an addition to meals or as a main product. The thorns on the bottom of the cap can make the dish mushy, so they must be removed completely.

A very unusual and exotic dish on your table may turn out to be an Italian yellow hedgehog salad. To prepare it you will need:

• mushrooms boiled in salted water for 10-15 minutes - 200 g;
• boiled chicken breast, finely chopped - 1 pc .;
• tomatoes, cut into halves - 10 pcs.

Salad with hedgehogs

for refueling:

• anchovy paste - 1 tbsp spoon;
• mayonnaise - 1.5 tbsp. spoons;
• lemon juice - 2 tbsp. spoons;
• grated parmesan - 2 tbsp spoons;
• 2 cloves of finely chopped garlic or garlic squeezed out;
• salt and pepper to taste.

First you need to put mushrooms, breast and tomatoes in a glass jar, and put the dressing on top, press the lid tightly and refrigerate for 4-5 hours, after which you can serve.

Crowded lyophyllum (Lyophyllum decastes)

• Other names for the mushroom:
• Row crowded
• Group rowing

Synonyms:

Crowded lyophyllum is very widespread. Until recently, it was believed that the main "fiefdom" of this mushroom is parks, squares, roadsides, slopes, edges and similar open and semi-open places. At the same time, there was a separate species, Lyophyllum fumosum (L. smoky gray), associated with forests, especially conifers, some sources even described it as a mycorrhizal forming agent with pine or spruce, outwardly very similar to L.decastes and L.shimeji. Recent molecular studies have shown that no such separate species exists, and all finds classified as L. fumosum are either L.decastes (more commonly) or L. shimeji (less commonly pine forests). Thus, today (2018), the species L.fumosum has been abolished, and is considered a synonym for L.decastes, significantly expanding the habitat of the latter, almost to “anywhere”.Well, L.shimeji, as it turned out, grows not only in Japan and the Far East, but is widespread throughout the boreal zone from Scandinavia to Japan, and, in some places, is found in pine forests of the temperate climatic zone. It differs from L.decastes only in larger fruit bodies with thicker legs, growth in small aggregates or separately, binding to dry pine forests, and at the molecular level.

Description

Hat:
The crowded row has a large cap, 4-10 cm in diameter, in youth it is hemispherical, cushion-shaped, as the mushroom matures, it opens to half-spread, less often spread, often losing the geometric correctness of the outlines (the edge turns upward, becomes wavy, cracks, etc.) ). Caps of different sizes and shapes can usually be found in one splicing. The color is gray-brown, the surface is smooth, often with adhered earth. The flesh of the cap is thick, white, dense, elastic, with a weak "ordinary" smell.

Plates:
Relatively frequent, white, poorly adherent or loose.

Spore powder:
White.

Leg:
Thickness 0.5-1.5 cm, height 5-10 cm, cylindrical, often with a thickened lower part, often twisted, deformed, fused with the base with other legs. The color is from white to brownish (especially in the lower part), the surface is smooth, the pulp is fibrous, very strong.

Spreading

Late mushroom; occurs from late August to late October in forests of various types, preferring specific areas such as forest roads, thinned edges; sometimes it comes across in parks, in meadows, in forbs. In most cases, it bears fruit in large aggregates.

Similar species

The fused row (Lyophyllum connatum) has a light color.
The crowded row can be confused with some edible and inedible species of lamellar mushrooms, growing concretions. Among them are mentioned such species of the family as Collybia acervata (a smaller mushroom with a reddish tinge of the cap and leg), and Hypsizygus tessulatus, which causes brown wood rot, as well as some species of honey agaric from the genus Armillariella and meadow honey (Marasmius oreades).

Edibility

Crowded lyophyllum is considered a low-quality edible fungus; the texture of the pulp gives a comprehensive answer why.

Refinements to the description: Sergey

How to store?

Fresh mushrooms are stored for a short time, without a refrigerator for a couple of three hours, and they begin to darken. If it is not possible to cook immediately, then they can be kept in the refrigerator for a maximum of three days. Before you put it in the cold for storage, follow these simple rules:

• Rinse and soak in salt water for several hours to remove any pests.
• Dry and remove any damaged areas.
• Place in a deep bowl and cover tightly with a napkin.

Mushrooms absorb other odors very well, so store them separately from other foods. Do not pack in plastic bags.

For long-term storage, one of the popular methods is used - salting. Each housewife has many recipes with her own family traditions and secrets.

• -12 degrees 3 months
• -18 degrees 6 months
• -24 degrees 12 months

A more attractive option for long-term storage is drying for the winter. Dried mushrooms can be used to prepare a wide variety of dishes. With proper drying, they can be stored for up to two to three years.

Phellodon (Hericium, Blackberry) black (Phellodon niger) what mushrooms look like, where and how they grow, are edible

Hericium (Fellodon, Blackberry) black: photo and description

Phellodon black (lat.Phellodon niger) or Black Hericium is a small representative of the Banker family. It is difficult to call it widespread, which is explained not only by its low distribution, but also by a rather tough fruiting body. the mushroom has no toxic substances.

How does Phellodon black look

In appearance, Black Hericium is similar to terrestrial tinder fungi: they are solid, shapeless, large enough and form whole concretions simultaneously with neighboring fruit bodies. The peculiarity of the species is that it grows through different objects: plant shoots, small branches, needles, etc.

Description of the hat

Fellodon's hat is large and massive - its diameter reaches 4-9 cm. In shape, it is erroneous, asymmetric. The border with the leg is blurry.

In young mushrooms, the cap is covered with a bluish paint with an admixture of gray. As it grows, it darkens noticeably, and the blue goes away. Fully ripe specimens often turn de facto black.

Their surface is dry and velvety. The pulp is dense, woody, dark inside.

Leg description

The leg of this Ezhovik is wide and short - its height is only 1-3 cm. The diameter of the leg reaches 1.5-2.5 cm. The transition to the cap is smooth. A blurry blackening is noticeable along the border of the parts of the fruiting body.

The flesh of the leg is dark gray in color.

Eat a mushroom or not

Phellodon is not suitable for human consumption. this form does not have toxic substances, however, its pulp is excessively tough. They are classified as inedible.

Where and how it grows

The time of active growth of this species falls on the period from July to October. It is very often found in mixed and coniferous forests, especially under spruce trees, in areas covered with moss. In the middle of the caps, you can identify needles or even whole cones. Fellodon grows both singly and in groups, however, in most cases, the actual accumulation of these fungi comes across. Sometimes they form in groups, in other words, "witch circles".

In Russia, Fellodon is very often found in the Novosibirsk region and the Khanty-Mansiysk independent district.

Doubles and their differences

Quite often, Black Pellodon is confused with the fused Ezovik - its close relative. They are actually similar: both have a gray color, black in places, an irregular shape and a blurred border between different parts of the mushroom. The difference lies in the fact that the Ezovik fused is generally lighter in color and has countless bends with outgrowths throughout the cap. In Black Heron's Man, bends are present only along the edges of the fruiting body. The twin is considered inedible.

The next twin of this species is Gidnellum blue. In general, they have similar features of fruit bodies, however, the latter has a more saturated color of the cap. As the name suggests, it is closer to blue. Refers to inedible mushrooms.

Conclusion

Black phellodon is a small mushroom of rather inconspicuous appearance. The popularity of this species is low, you can rarely meet it. For the most part, the mushroom is found in pine forests, however, it must be remembered that it is forbidden to collect it in our country - it is included in the Red Book. Phellodon is not used in cooking because of the rigidity of its fruiting body and very small litter that gets into it as it develops.

You can find out more about how Yezhovik looks from the video below:

Types of blackberry mushrooms

Blackberries originally belonged to the Gidnum genus. Subsequently, scientists, having identified differences between the species, divided the genus into families. Most of them are quite rare, and some of them are included in the Red Book.

Blackberry variegated (tiled)

Conditionally edible mushroom of the sarcodone genus, which is popularly called Kolchak or hawk. The variegated mushroom was nicknamed because of its variegated color and large convex scales on the cap, similar to tiles.

The brown cap grows to a considerable size, reaching a diameter of 20 cm. In the central part it has a depression in the form of a funnel. In young individuals, the edge of the cap is wrapped.At the bottom there are brittle spines, descending to a massive leg, which is painted in lighter colors than the cap. The inside is whitish and dense. Prefers to settle in coniferous forests.

Blackberry yellow

The fleshy cap with a diameter of 6 to 12 cm has a flat shape and a concave center. Depending on the region of growth, the color changes from white to orange. Smooth to the touch with a hard-to-peel film. On the lower part, yellow fragile thorns grow, descending to the stem.

Often there are specimens with a leg attached off the center. The pulp is dense and whitish in color. The height of the cylindrical leg is up to 6 cm. In the lower part it is slightly widened. In the process of growth, parts of the fruiting body can grow together.

Coral blackberry

This unusual-shaped mushroom turns the forest into a mysterious and magical one. But since he is listed in the Red Book, the likelihood of meeting him is very small. Usually the fungus settles singly on stumps and trunks of fallen deciduous trees.

The shape of the branched fruit resembles an underwater coral, reaching 20 centimeters in size. Smooth or curved spines, growing up to 2 cm, are white or cream colored.

The structure of the fruiting body is elastic-fibrous, white with a pleasant smell and taste. In mature individuals it becomes harsh.

Blackberry comb

The appearance of the fruiting body resembles noodles, which gave it synonymous names: bearded mushroom, mushroom noodles and lion's mane. Occurs on living and dead hardwood. The shape of the mushroom is round or irregular, reaching 20 cm. The weight of one body can be 1.5 kg.

When finished, it resembles seafood. The color ranges between cream and light beige. The fleshy pulp, when dried, turns from white to yellowish. In addition to good taste, it has medicinal properties.

Is black hedgehog edible?

The Black Hericium mushroom is not eaten. Has a tough, woody flesh. There are no data in the literature regarding its toxicity. Inedible include those that, for one reason or another, are not consumed by humans.

Signs by which the species are classified as inedible:

• have an unpleasant taste and smell;
• have a small fruiting body, are inconvenient to handle;
• grow in specific places;
• tough pulp;
• on the mushroom there are a large number of growths, thorns, scales.

There is an opinion that it can be prepared by pre-drying and grinding into flour. However, there is no officially confirmed information on this matter. Therefore, we do not recommend using this cooking method so as not to harm your health.

When and where to collect

The urchin is found in all forests of a temperate climate, and closer to cold regions it grows less and less. Some species prefer southern regions, for example, the crested urchin, found in subtropical forests with a humid climate (foothills of the Caucasus, Primorsky, Amur Territory, Khabarovsk and the environs).

Most of all blackberries love sandy soils in dry coniferous forest, but some species prefer limestone. Mushrooms are found singly, but it happens that they form "witch's rings". Some species prefer to grow on dead trees. They sometimes grow in:

• deadwood;
• stumps;
• woody substrate;
• loose hollows;
• broken or broken branches of living trees.

Depending on the variety, blackberries are harvested from June to November.

Evaluation of taste, medicinal properties, benefits and possible harm

Experts estimate the taste of the barnacle as average. It requires mandatory heat treatment, when cooked, it is not aromatic enough, while it is perfect for making seasonings by grinding dried raw materials. But even such an addition to dishes has a very specific taste, is not universal and widely used.

The fungus is capable of lowering cholesterol levels and is a potent immunomodulator.

Hericium scaly has never been used in folk medicine, but scientists in laboratory conditions were able to extract substances from it that could have a broad spectrum antimicrobial effect, neutralizing even Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella.

And also studies have shown that preparations from variegated kolchak can be beneficial in cancer. True, in practice, outside the walls of research laboratories, efficiency statistics have not yet been collected.

Ointments are prepared from the mushroom for the treatment of skin diseases, as well as cosmetic products for its nutrition and rejuvenation.

Contraindications include:

• individual intolerance;
• increased sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract;
• liver disease;
• undesirable for children under 5 years of age and pregnant women.

Description of the mushroom

Comes from the Banker family. Other names of the fruit: Phellodon black, Phellodon niger (lat.), Phellodon black (English). Fruit bodies with a central stalk. In cases where they grow in piles, they can grow together in caps. Intergrowths are formed, with several levels.

Hat

The shape of the cap is irregular, large, conical. The upper part is slightly convex, extended. In the middle is a funnel. The average diameter is from 3 to 8 cm. There is no clear transition to the stem. In the process of growth, the fruiting body breaks through branches, needles, leaves, so the shape of each specimen is individual and unpredictable. It does not bend around obstacles, but grows through them.

As it ripens, the fruits change color. Young black-haired women are bright, blue in color. The edges differ from the middle of the cap: sharp, lighter. Ripe mushroom takes on a grayish tint, and in old age - closer to black. The hat is velvety, dry.

Hymenophore

In juveniles, the hymenophore is bluish in color. With age, it gets darker: from deep gray to brown. Located deep on the stem, almost to the ground. The powder on the spores is white. Spines are thin, up to 3 mm long. Showered when placed in a basket with other fruits.

Pulp

The flesh of the cap is gray in color. Cork, woody to the touch. The color is black, deep blue. When dry, it gives off a spicy odor.

Leg

Cylindrical, not clearly shaped. It is thick and short. The closer the hymenophore, the darker its shade. Average height - from 1 to 3 cm. Smoothly passes into the cap. The flesh of the leg is black, tight. The surface is felt, often with particles of forest litter.