Gartig tinder

Fellinus rusty-brown: description and photo

Phellinus ferrugineofuscus (Phellinus ferrugineofuscus) refers to tree-growing fruit bodies, consisting only of a cap. Belongs to the Gimenochetes family and the Fellinus genus. Its other names:

• phellin> Notice! Fruit bodies are able to grow rapidly in favorable conditions, capturing significant areas of the substrate surface.

Outwardly, the mushroom resembles a spongy sponge.

Where the rusty-brown fellinus grows

Distributed in the mountainous areas of Siberia, in old forests. In the European part of Russia, rusty-brown tinder fungus is quite rare. Occasionally found in Northern Europe. Prefers coniferous wood: fir, cedar, pine, spruce. Loves blueberry thickets, humid, shaded places. It grows on dead trees and standing dead trunks, on the bark and branches of dying trees. The fungus is annual, but in warm winters it can survive safely until spring.

Rusting polypore growing on a damaged trunk

What does phellinus rusty brown look like?

The fruiting body is prostrate, deprived of a leg and tightly attached to the substrate. Only the rusty-brown tinder fungi that have appeared have the appearance of pubescent reddish balls, which quickly occupy a large area, merging with each other into a single organism. The edges do not have a spore-bearing layer, are sterile, white-gray or light beige, yellowish. Uneven, bumpy, characteristic felt consistency. The color is rusty brown, brick, dark chocolate, reddish, light ocher, carrot.

The hymenophore is finely porous, spongy, uneven, located with a spore-bearing layer outward. The pulp is dense, leathery, elastic. When dried, it is woody, crumbly. The surface is glossy satin. Tubes up to 1 cm long.

Older specimens may be covered with greenish-olive algae colonies

Conclusion

Pellinus rusty brown is an inedible parasitic fungus. Settling on predominantly coniferous wood, it causes yellow rot, as a result of which wood stratification occurs. Distributed in Siberia and the Urals, in the central part of Russia it is very rare.

Benefits

To date, very few clinical trials have tested the health effects of Phellinus linteus. However, a number of preliminary studies indicate that this mushroom may offer some benefits. Here's a look at some of the key findings from these studies.

cancer

According to a report published in Current Medicinal Chemistry in 2008, Phellinus linteus shows promise as an alternative anti-cancer agent.

Analyzing the available research on Phellinus linteus, the report's authors also found that it could help improve the effectiveness of existing cancer drugs used to treat cancer.

This study includes a number of preliminary studies showing that extracts from Phellinus linteus may help improve immune function, curb inflammation, and suppress the growth and spread of cancerous tumors.

Diabetes

Phellinus linteus may help inhibit the development of autoimmune diabetes (a type of diabetes in which the immune system turns around and destroys the cells that make insulin).

In a study published in International Immunopharmacology in 2010, tests in mice showed that polysaccharides (a type of carbohydrate) isolated from Phellinus linteus can help fight autoimmune diabetes by regulating the expression of cells involved in the immune response.

Eczema

A study published in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine in 2012 shows that Phellinus linteus can help treat atopic dermatitis (a type of eczema associated with a dysfunctional immune system).

For the study, scientists studied the effects of Phellinus linteus extract on human cells and in mice. The results showed that Phellinus linteus can help fight atopic dermatitis by lowering the levels of immune cells that play a key role in inflammation associated with eczema.

External description

The fruit body of this mushroom is perennial, its length can be from 5 to 20 cm. At first it has the shape of a kidney, then it becomes spherical, resembling an influx. The tubular layer is convex, rounded, brownish-rusty, layered, with small pores. It is this layer that is the characteristic feature of this fungus. The fruit body grows sideways, it is thick, sessile, and has irregularities and concentric grooves on top. Radial cracks often appear on it. The color of the fruit body is gray-brown or black-gray, the edges are rounded, rusty-brown.

Yellowish spore powder.

The flesh of the mushroom is thick, tough, hard, woody, reddish-brown.

Similar types and differences from them

Most mycologists consider tinder fungi as a group of fungi that grow mainly on the trunks of deciduous trees, including alder, aspen, birch, oak, and ash. Most of these types of mushrooms are difficult to distinguish. The false oak tinder fungus belongs to the category of the original varieties and prefers to grow mainly on oak.

A similar species to it is the false aspen tinder fungus, the fruit bodies of which are smaller in size, characterized by a gray-brown or dark gray surface.

The powerful tinder fungus is similar to another inedible species - the gartig tinder fungus. However, the fruit bodies of the latter grow to the surface of the wood completely and grow mainly on the trunks of coniferous trees (most often fir).

Mushroom truffle - what does it look like and where does it grow?

Truffle is a rare delicacy mushroom that grows underground. On the market, 1 kg of such mushrooms costs from 2 to 5 thousand euros, some specimens were sold at a higher price. The high cost is determined by the complexity of obtaining the mushroom and high demand. High demand due to its extraordinary taste, which will be appreciated even by a strict critic.

Mushrooms grow in hard-to-reach places, 10-15 cm underground under the roots of trees, which complicates their search. The location of the mushrooms depends on the composition of the soil and climate. You need to look for them in the roots of poplar, linden, rowan, oak, beech, birch, from this we can conclude that the mushroom chooses mixed and deciduous forests.

What is a mushroom

Truffle is a parasite fungus, it develops on the roots of trees and draws useful microelements from them, it does no harm. Another difficulty in finding mushrooms is that there are different types of truffles and each type ripens at a certain time, for example: white in autumn, black in winter.

Truffles grow in Europe, North America, Asia and the USA. In Russia, truffles are found in places where a warm climate prevails, sometimes they can be found in the European part, mainly where the soil is saturated with lime.

Basically, truffles are divided into 2 types: these are black and white types.

• Black truffle. It begins to ripen in the summer and bears fruit by the fall. Fresh fruit is red-purple in color, sweat. The core is white. They grow under the roots of oak, hornbeam, beech, sometimes near pines and birches.
• White truffle. Ripens from autumn to early winter. The fruits are yellowish in color, the flesh itself is white. It is less common than black truffle, therefore it is more appreciated.

Where does the mushroom grow?

The geography of the truffle habitat in Russia is quite extensive, it is found in the Central regions, in the Volga region, in the Caucasus.

European part

In deciduous and mixed forests in the Caucasus, on the Black Sea coast, in the Moscow, Voronezh, Podolsk, Tver, Leningrad regions, you can find a black truffle. White tubers are found in the Tula, Oryol, Vladimir, Smolensk, Kuibyshev regions.

Siberia

Deciduous and coniferous forests of Siberia are the habitat of the delicious white truffle, and favorable climatic conditions contribute to their good harvest.

Crimea and Caucasus

Mild climatic conditions and planting of oak and beech groves increases the yield of mushrooms and promotes their active growth. Gelendzhik, Anapa, the village of Abrau-Dyurso, Alania are the regions that account for the largest amount of the harvest.

Due to the complexity of mushroom picking, there is a whole set of rules, thanks to which the picking efficiency can be increased many times over.

The most important thing is to choose the right forest. These should be areas with deciduous trees (beech, birch, oak)

The soil should contain a large amount of lime and sand. In the mushroom place there will be high humidity, the vegetation is stunted, the earth is gray-ashy, and midges will circle over the place. If the plantings are very young, then you won't be able to find mushrooms there, but you can often see traces of wild boars and other animals around.

You should pay attention to the bumps under the trees and look for places where the roots are large. The main condition for finding mushrooms is the availability of trained assistants.

It can be a dog or a trained pig. Animals can smell the delicacy up to 25 meters away. As soon as the beast starts digging the ground, you need to immediately stop it before it ate or spoiled the mushroom. All truffle places can be memorized and returned there, while it is advisable to search everything nearby, because there is a chance to find a new habitat for this wonderful mushroom.

Fellinus black-limited: is it possible to eat, where it grows, what it looks like, description, photo

T. V. Svetlova, I. V. Zmitrovich

Fruit bodies are annual or hibernating, hard or corky leathery when fresh, hard, woody when dry. At the beginning of development, they look like small pubescent tubercles, which gradually grow, merge and form fruit bodies widespread along the substrate, often with low or stepped false caps. The litter is thin, densely corky, reddish-brown or rusty-brown, blackening under the action of KOH. The edge is sterile, tomentose-clumpy, ridge-shaped, lighter than the tubular part. The surface of the hymenophore has a silky sheen, reddish brown, reddish, chestnut or chocolate brown, sometimes with a pinkish or lilac tint. The tubules are single-layered or indistinct, straight or oblique, sometimes open, up to 10 mm long. The pores are small, 7-9 by 1 mm, rounded or rounded-angular, entire.

It grows on valezh of conifers, more often on spruce, in old-growth, little-exploited forests. Causes white rot. Widespread, but rare.

f.289 Fuscoporia ferruginosa (syn. Phellinus ferruginosus) - Rusty phuscoporia: fruiting bodies on a birch tree

Distributed in Eurasia and North America, in Russia - from the European part to the Far East. It occurs mainly in the zone of deciduous forests on stumps, dead trunks and dead branches of many deciduous trees and shrubs, occasionally grows on dead coniferous wood. Causes inactive white rot.

f. 290 Fuscoporia ferruginosa (syn. Phellinus ferruginosus) - Rusty Fuscoporia

It differs from similar in appearance Fellinidium rusty-brown (Phellinidium ferrugineofuscum) and Fellinidium Pouzar (Phellinidium pouzarii, syn. Phellinus pouzarii) by its confinement to deciduous substrates.

Fomitiporia punctata (syn.Phellinus punctatus) - Fomitiporia punctate

Polypore with annual or perennial, rigid, outstretched fruiting bodies, thin or slightly thickened in the center, usually elongated along the substrate, with an even or wavy porous hymenophore. The sterile edge is narrow, thin, adjacent to the substrate, disappears with age. The litter is reddish or yellowish brown, very thin, woody. The color of the pore surface, depending on the season and weather conditions, varies from yellow-rusty-brown to grayish-brownish, umber. In perennial specimens, the hymenophores are layered, the layers are clear, the new layer often does not completely cover the previous one, and cracks often appear on older specimens. The pores are small, 6-8 per 1 mm, whole-edged, from rounded-angular to diamond-shaped, the pore surface is iridescent when viewed from different angles, with a grayish bloom.

f. 291 Fomitiporia punctata (syn.Phellinus punctatus) - Fomitiporia punctate

It grows on dying trees and dead deciduous wood, occasionally on conifers. Causes actively developing white rot. It is found on all continents, in Russia it is common throughout the forest zone.

The characteristic features of the species are open fruiting bodies with small, slightly diamond-shaped pores. A closely related species, morphologically identical to Fomitiporia punctata, but differing in microscopic structure, was described in 1982 under the name Phellinus pseudopunctatus. Black-bordered phellinus (Phellinus nigrolimitatus), in contrast to Fomitiporia punctata, often forms open-backed fruiting bodies, lives on coniferous substrates and has a thin dark layer in the tissue.