Hericium black

Follow-up care of the culture

Caring for Black Satin blackberries is more difficult compared to other varieties due to the need to constantly form a bush and the problems that thick, stiff shoots deliver.

Growing principles

Growing Black Satin blackberries without a garter is impossible. Although her lashes are devoid of thorns, they are very long, without formation and trimming, they grow first upward, then descend to the ground and take root. With a powerful shoot-forming ability of the variety, impassable thickets can be obtained in a season. It is very difficult to tidy up a running blackberry, since the branches are thick, stubborn and break easily.

The shoots of Black Satin must be taught to be placed on the trellis when they reach a length of 30-35 cm. The lashes are bent to the ground and secured with staples. They are lifted onto the support after reaching 1.0-1.2 m.

Necessary activities

Blackberry is a moisture-loving culture. Black Satin is extremely productive and therefore needs more water, especially during flowering and berry formation.

Other blackberry varieties recommend starting feeding in the third year after planting. Black Satin quickly grows green mass, forms many lateral shoots and berries. Top dressing begins in a year:

1. In the spring, immediately after thawing or directly in the snow, they give the first, nitrogen fertilization.
2. At the beginning of flowering, blackberries are fertilized with a full mineral complex.
3. Further, once a month (until August), the plant is fed with diluted mullein infusion (1:10) or green fertilizer (1: 4) with the addition of ash.
4. In August and September, the bushes are fertilized with phosphorus and potassium. It dissolves well in water and gives excellent results potassium monophosphate.
5. Throughout the season, foliar feeding should be done, they are also called fast. It is good to mix fertilizers specially designed for these purposes, humate, epin or zircon and a chelate complex. The latter prevents chlorosis and nourishes the Black Satin blackberry with trace elements necessary for the health of the plant and a good harvest.

It is better to replace loosening with mulching with sour peat or humus. Harrowing is carried out after planting shoots on supports, harvesting and before sheltering for the winter.

Shrub pruning

Black Satin brambles should be pruned regularly. 5-6 strong shoots of the last year are left for fruiting. The side lashes are constantly shortened to 40-45 cm, the weak and thin ones are cut out completely.

Shoots that have finished fruiting are removed before shelter for the winter. In the spring, 5-6 best lashes are left, weak lashes, frozen or broken ends are cut off.

For the Black Satin variety, the leaves also need to be rationed. During the ripening of the crop, those that shade the fruit bunches are cut off. Just don't overdo it! Blackberries need foliage for nutrition and the formation of chlorophyll.

Advice! In the first year after planting on Black Satin, it is recommended to pick all flowers.

Preparing for winter

We will assume that you have taught young shoots to climb the trellis, as described in the chapter "Principles of growing". Before winter, it will remain to cut out the whips that have finished bearing fruit at the root, remove the annual growth from the support, fix it on the ground. Then you need to cover the blackberries for the winter with spruce branches, agrofibre and cover them with soil. Special tunnels can be built.

Important! It is necessary to open the blackberry in the spring before budding begins.

Diseases and pests: methods of control and prevention

Like other varieties of blackberries, Black Satin is ill and rarely affected by pests. If you do not plant raspberries, strawberries and nightshades next to it, spring and autumn processing with copper-containing preparations will be enough.

The problem for Black Satin is the gray rot of the berries. In order to prevent disease, the fruits must be removed as they ripen every 3 days.

Blackberry Black Prince: variety care

Blackberry Black Prince: photo

And in order to grow healthy and strong plants, you need to follow the rules of agricultural technology. First of all, before planting plants in open ground, you need to choose the right place for planting, as we noted earlier, this plant is more than unpretentious, so blackberries can be planted both in the sun and in a dark place. However, it is best to still choose an area with good lighting, protection from drafts. And if we talk about the composition of the soil, then these plants grow well in a humid environment, if there are sometimes floods in your garden area, then this is not scary. If you plant blackberries near any buildings or a fence, then do not forget to retreat from these structures about 1 m. Plants are planted either in autumn or early spring. The planting hole is dug in such a way that the root system of the seedling is freely located inside. Sometimes gardeners plant whole greenhouses of blackberries, so do not forget to maintain a distance between plants, it should be at least 1 m, in the rows it is recommended to retreat a little more - about 2 m.Before lowering the blackberry seedling Black Prince into the planting hole, you need it will be good to spread the roots of the plant. The root collar should be located above the ground. The planting hole is not completely filled with soil mixture, in order for it to be more convenient for you to water the plants at first, leave a small notch near the central shoot. The topsoil is mulched most often with peat. If we talk about autumn planting, then it is best to plant plants growing in any containers. In this case, the seedlings should be carefully removed from the pots and placed in the hole in such a way that the earthen ball does not fall apart. The pit should be filled with a fertile mixture with the addition of humus. After the seedlings are watered abundantly with water, and the top layer of soil is mulched. It is believed that the root system of the Black Prince variety is very well developed, therefore, it is not necessary to water the bushes abundantly, the plants need irrigation only during the dry period. However, it is still necessary to apply potash fertilizers to the soil, so the plant will develop more intensively. It is advisable to pre-dilute the dressing with water in order for the nutrients to quickly penetrate the soil. During flowering, the bushes are often fed with zinc sulfate and boric acid, when the first cloves appear on the foliage, the blackberries are sprayed with fufanon. In early spring, it is recommended to introduce nitrogen-containing organic matter into the soil; urea or ammonium nitrate is suitable for this. If you have previously mulched the soil with manure, then you should not add phosphates to the soil.

The best early varieties of blackberries: description, photo

Early blackberry varieties give their first harvest in early summer. Berries contain less sugar, but their beneficial properties are high. After winter vitamin deficiency, these berries are an excellent opportunity to increase immunity, and therefore the demand for them is always high.

Natchez is a fruitful and unpretentious holoform plant, reaching a length of up to 3 meters. The fruits can be harvested in the first half of June. These are large berries with a deep blueberry color. Gardeners note the good resistance of the shrub to disease. The culture is frost-resistant, but does not tolerate extremely low temperatures. It is recommended to cover for the winter in the northern parts of the country.

Blackberry variety Natchez

Osage is a hybrid blackberry variety that bears the first fruits from the second half of June. The berries are medium in size and have an excellent, sweet taste. The branches of the bush are devoid of thorns. It will be possible to collect up to 5 kg of berries from one plant. The disadvantage of Osage is considered to be poor tolerance to frost, therefore, it needs high-quality shelter.

Columbia is old - a plant that does not have thorns, and reaches a length of up to 5 meters, as shown in the photo. Grow a bush on a trellis. The fruits are fleshy, large, weighing about 13 grams with a pronounced pleasant aroma and a delicate sweet-sour taste.A generous harvest will be able to be harvested in the first decade of June. The plant adapts well to dry and sultry climates without reducing yields. According to gardeners, it produces crops even without regular watering. Growers manage to collect up to 1000 kg of berries from one hundred square meters.

In the photo, the blackberry variety Columbia Star

Evaluation of the edibility of hydnellum odorous

These mushrooms have no culinary value, they are inedible.

The medicinal properties of odorant hydnellum

These are antioxidant mushrooms. In 2006, studies were carried out and the antioxidant activity of odorant hydnellum was revealed. These mushrooms contain substances that have the same activity as α-tocopherol.

Related species

Hydnellum Peka is an inedible type of mushroom. It is also called the devil's hedgehog and the bleeding tooth. It looks delicious, like chewing gum with drops of raspberry syrup. This fluid forms inside the fruiting body and oozes out of the pores. The surface of the fruiting body is white, later it may turn beige or brown. The diameter of the mushroom is 5-10 centimeters.

Hydnellum Peka can be found in coniferous forests. They grow in North America and Europe. These mushrooms have antibacterial properties. This is a special mushroom - it can feed not only on juices from the soil, but also on insects that fall on the surface of the fruit body.

Gidnellum blue is an inedible mushroom. The hat is large - its diameter can reach 20 centimeters, and its height reaches 12 centimeters. Above the hat is light blue, and the lower part is darker. The cap has small spines, the length of which is about 4 millimeters. The surface of the mushroom is uneven and bumpy, slightly velvety. The leg is short, half immersed in the moss. The color of the leg is brown. The pulp is without a special smell, tough in consistency.

Gidnellum blue prefers to grow in pine forests located in the northern part of the European hemisphere. They like to settle in sunny places with white moss. Almost always, these mushrooms grow singly, only sometimes they gather in small groups. Fruiting is observed from July to September.

Planting and caring for blackberries in the open field: the main features

Typically, blackberries are planted in early spring or late autumn. Choose a place for the bush, taking into account its variety and care features. Seed planting is done only by experienced gardeners. For example, if the variety is winter-hardy, then it can be safely planted in the fall, and if it does not tolerate frost well, then it is better to postpone planting until spring. Before the bush blackberry is planted, the planting rules require that its roots be shortened by a third. The longest root processes and those that are damaged or have begun to rot are cut off. For planting, a hole is dug up to a depth of 50 cm, a layer of compost and humus is laid on its bottom. Next comes a layer of wood ash. If the soil for filling the hole is highly acidic, then a little lime is added to it.

In order for the blackberry to give a rich harvest, it needs to be provided with regular feeding. Every spring, ammonium nitrate and humus are added to the ground around the bushes. In the summertime, manure or bird droppings must be added to the soil, which is diluted with water. In autumn, the soil is fed with wood ash and superphosphate. Blackberries are not difficult to grow, but they require attention. The most important rules for its growth and harvest: regular watering, thinning bushes, removing young shoots, loosening the soil, garter and support for bushes, forming a bush. Read the article on fruitful varieties of garden strawberries.

Hunting and fishing in the Tver region

Hericium black, Phellodon niger

Hat: 3-8 cm in diameter, massive, usually irregular in shape, indistinctly turning into a leg. The fruit body of the fungus grows right through the forest “objects” (twigs, cones, needles), which ensures the uniqueness of each specimen.The color of young mushrooms is bright blue, with a light edge; as it grows, it turns gray and darkens, reaching almost black by maturity. The surface is generally dry and velvety, but as it grows, it can absorb all the surrounding objects (moss, pine games, heather shoots), so it's impossible to say for sure. The flesh of the cap is corky-woody, very dark, almost black,

Hymenophore: Spiny, descending along the leg almost to the ground, bluish in young mushrooms, then dark gray, possibly (!) Brownish.

Spore powder: White.

Leg: Thick, short, shapeless, gradually expanding and turning into a cap (height - 1-3 cm, thickness - 1-2 cm). Black, where the descending hymenophore ends. The flesh is black, very firm.

Distribution: Black Hericium is rare in pine and mixed forests, forming mycorrhiza with pine. Bears fruit readily in mossy places; approximate fruiting dates are from late July to early October.

Similar Species: The barnacles of the genus Phellodon and Hydnellum still need to be sorted out. According to the literature, the black hedgehog may look like a fused hedgehog (phellodon), Phellodon connatus, which is indeed fused, and itself is thinner and grayer. Obviously, you can confuse Phellodon niger with blue hydnellum, Hydnellum caeruleum is much more elegant, its hymenophore is also bright blue, and the spore powder, on the contrary, is brown. Representatives of other black hairs do not germinate through objects, but develop in a traditional way, which makes them easy to distinguish from phellodons and gidnellums.

Edible: The mushroom is inedible, if only for physical reasons: too hard for humans.

Author's Notes: Phellodon niger is my first phellodon. At least from among the realized ones. I have not deliberately met the Gidnellums either, so there is nothing to compare with. In any case, the way the black hedgehog grows causes amazement and even some kind of cognitive dissonance. Black Hericium is like a perpendicular mushroom that has understood something about life that allows it not to be distracted by external circumstances and just grow. Or maybe, on the contrary, the mushroom is so absorbed in its inner world that it does not pay attention to the surrounding objects. In any case, peace be upon him.

Description of black hedgehog

The black hedgehog's hat is massive, 3-8 centimeters in diameter. The shape of the cap is most often irregular; it does not pass into the leg clearly. The fruiting bodies of these fungi grow through twigs, cones, needles and other vegetation of the forest. In this regard, the shape of each mushroom is individual.

The color of young mushrooms is bright blue, slightly lighter at the edges. When the mushroom ripens, its shade becomes darker, grayish, and at maturity becomes almost black. The surface of the cap is dry and velvety.

The flesh of the cap is cork, woody, almost sulfur in color. The hymenophore descends deeply along the leg and almost reaches the ground. The hymenophore in young specimens is almost blue, but with age it becomes dark gray, and sometimes brown. Spore white powder.

The leg is thick and short, without a clearly defined shape. Its height is 1-3 centimeters, while the diameter is practically the same - 1-2 centimeters. Gradually, it expands and goes into the cap. Where the hymenophore ends, the leg becomes black. The flesh of the leg is dense, its color is black.

Distribution of black hedgehogs

Black Hericiums are rather rare mushrooms. They grow in pine and mixed forests. They form mycorrhiza most often with pine trees. These mushrooms settle in mossy areas. They bear fruit from July to October.

Black Hericiums are not suitable for eating, as they are too tough.

Related species

Notched hedgehog is one of the most popular hedgehogs, it is also called yellow hedgehog. It has a brittle fruiting body with a diameter of 5-8 centimeters. The color of the mushroom varies from white to yellow-brown.Spores are similar in shape to a ball; they are practically colorless. On the lower surface of the cap there are white thorns, sometimes they give off ocher.

Notched hedgehogs grow in forests of various types. They bear fruit from July to September. This is a conditionally edible mushroom, young specimens belong to the 4th category, they can be salted, fried, boiled and pickled. And old hedgehogs are too bitter and they are not suitable for food.

Barbel's Hericium is an edible mushroom. It is a very beautiful flower-like mushroom. The color of the fruiting body is delicate white-cream. The surface of the mushroom is like felt. On the seamy side of the cap, like many other species, there are characteristic thorns. The fruit body can be quite large. The shape of the fruiting body is round, fan-shaped, wrapped. The pulp exfoliates a little, its aroma is pleasant.

Barnacle hedgehogs grow in mixed forests. They settle on stumps and tree trunks. They grow most often in tiers. Fruiting in the fall. Young specimens are tasty, and old ones get very tough. This is a delicious and rare delicacy, in addition, barbel barnacles are used in medicine, with their help they treat gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases and increase immunity.

Similarities to other mushrooms

Despite the fact that this species is very rare, there are similar specimens among the genus, which are also inedible and poisonous. As an example, Guindellum blue can be distinguished - it is often found in the northern part of Europe. She prefers sunny places. Unlike Peki, blue brethren live in small groups. To get acquainted with this view in detail, it is worth taking a look at the photo.

Hydnellum blue

The second representative, which can be attributed to the ranks of "doubles", is Gidnellum odorous. The mushroom is inedible and even dangerous. Small thorns appear on the lower part of it in adulthood, so it is very similar to the Peck. The main difference is the unpleasant smell of the pulp. It is very easy to confuse it with Pek, as the species prefers coniferous and spruce areas.

Hydnellum odorous

Antennae hericium (Hericium cirrhatum)

Synonyms:

Antennal Hericium is a very beautiful mushroom. It resembles a blossoming flower with several fruit bodies, which are wrapped in an original way. Each of them can reach 10-12 cm, so as a result, Hericium's antennae can become quite large. The upper part is spiny or fleecy, the bottom of the body is smooth. They can grow strongly in different directions.

Fruit body: Hericium barbel mushroom is a fleshy, layered fruit body of a cream-white color that grows in tiers. The upper part is felt, the lower surface is covered with numerous long hanging spines. The fruit body is hemispherical. Mushroom height 15cm, diameter 10-20cm. Fan-shaped, rounded, irregularly curved, sessile, curled up, laterally accreted. May be lingual and taper towards the base, with a curled or dropped edge. The surface of the cap is rough, hard, with ingrown and compressed villi. The hat is one-color. At first lighter, later with a reddish raised edge. The pulp is white or pinkish.

Hymenophore: Hericium's antennae consists of soft, long and dense spines of white and later yellowish color. Thorny, the shape of the thorns is conical.

Usefulness: Hericium barbel is widely used in medicine for the treatment of various gastric diseases and for the prevention of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Also, the mushroom helps to increase the body's immunity and improve the function of the respiratory organs.

Edible: Barbaric Hericium is a delicious edible mushroom at a young age that soon becomes too tough. The mushroom can be eaten, many are very fond of such a rare and tasty delicacy. But it is not recommended to collect it, as it belongs to rare species.

Distribution: Hericium barbel is found in mixed forests on tree trunks and stumps. As a rule, it grows in tiers.The fruiting season is autumn. It is best to pick such mushrooms in late summer or at the very beginning of autumn in mixed forests. They are rarely found on the ground, but on a stump or an old tree there may be several such hedgehogs at once, which are woven into one bouquet, as if from beautifully wrapped inflorescences.

Similarity: Antennal Hericium is a bit like climacodon septentrionalis, which is more regular in shape and forms consoles with spines on the underside. It has no resemblance to poisonous mushrooms.

Video about the herringbone mushroom:

Reproduction

There are many ways of breeding the Loch Tei blackberry. Each gardener chooses his own, the most convenient way for him:

1. Root cuttings are a fairly popular method. In the fall, a large root is dug up, cut into cuttings 10-15 cm long. At least one developed kidney should be visible on each cuttings. The cuttings are stored in a cellar and planted in a greenhouse in the spring.
2. Dividing the mother bush into several parts. The method is applicable in the spring.
3. Reproduction by green cuttings. Green shoots are first grown in pots. As soon as they have a good root system, they are transferred to a permanent place.
4. With the help of the apical kidney. The tops of the shoots are tilted to the ground, covered with earth and are in this position until the roots are formed. Then the rooted part is separated from the mother plant and transplanted to a permanent place.
5. Seeds. In this way, blackberries are rarely grown. This is a rather lengthy and complex process that requires special selection of seeds and their preparation for planting. Young shoots are transferred to open ground after the appearance of the fourth leaf. This signals the development of their root system.

Landing

For planting blackberries, it is necessary to choose flat, sufficiently lit and ventilated places. The acidity level of the soil should be within the normal range, or slightly acidic (pH 5.7-6.5).

The selection of seedlings should be approached responsibly. To obtain a harvest already in the first year, plants up to 40 cm long are chosen, without any mechanical and fungal lesions of the stem.

Pay attention also to the central root. He must be well developed

Planting is done in the spring, according to the standard scheme for all blackberry varieties. Half a glass of wood ash and half a bucket of humus are poured into prepared holes measuring 40 by 40 cm. Fill with water, lower the seedling, sprinkle with earth and water again. Then cut off the top of the shoot to a height of 20 - 25 cm and mulch the soil with organic matter. The distance between the holes for summer cottages is about 2 meters, for industrial farms: 1, 2-1.5 m. Between the rows, the width, in both cases, should be at least 2 - 3 meters.

As the seedling grows, it is tied to a support. As supports, wire is usually used, stretched between wooden or metal posts. Moreover, only last year's shoots are vertically tied to the supports, and the young are placed horizontally, fastening at a distance of 20 cm from the ground. The horizontal arrangement will separate young and fruiting branches from each other, making it easier to prune and harvest. Also, the location parallel to the ground will simplify the subsequent preparation of the shoots for winter.

When and where to collect

The urchin is found in all forests of a temperate climate, and closer to cold regions it grows less and less. Some species prefer southern regions, for example, the crested urchin, found in subtropical forests with a humid climate (foothills of the Caucasus, Primorsky, Amur Territory, Khabarovsk and the environs).

Most of all blackberries love sandy soils in dry coniferous forest, but some species prefer limestone. Mushrooms are found singly, but it happens that they form "witch's rings". Some species prefer to grow on dead trees. They sometimes grow in:

• deadwood;
• stumps;
• woody substrate;
• loose hollows;
• broken or broken branches of living trees.

Depending on the variety, blackberries are harvested from June to November.

The benefits and nutritional value of the mushroom

The mushroom, due to its composition, boasts a high content of fiber, carbohydrates and proteins. It also contains all the necessary macronutrients and micronutrients. The energy value of 100 grams of mushroom is 22 Kcal.

Vitamins contained in blackberries:

• Vitmin PP;
• vitamin C;
• fish flavin;
• vitamin B4;
• pantothenic acid;
• betaine;
• vitamin D;
• vitamin D2;
• vitamin K

As for microelements and macronutrients, they are as follows in the black man's man:

• magnesium;
• phosphorus;
• calcium;
• potassium;
• sodium;
• selenium.

The product also contains:

• aminopropanoic acid;
• diaminohexanoic acid;
• leucine;
• glutamic acid;
• amino succinic acid.

Due to its unique composition, the mushroom is actively used in folk medicine. Active ingredients that help to cure many diseases:

• Campesterol. In its structure, this substance resembles cholesterol. When a substance enters the body, it mixes with bad cholesterol, this contributes to the natural exit from the human body.
• Glutamic acid. Thanks to her, the taste of the mushroom becomes spicy, regenerates muscle tissue and is a source of energy.
• Aspartic acid. It normalizes the endocrine system, it is also a growth hormone.
• Potassium maintains the body's water balance, also improves heart rate and normalizes blood pressure.
• A nicotinic acid. Takes an active part in the synthesis of proteins and energy metabolism.