Entoloma gray-white

Interesting Facts

The rose-colored plate has an absolutely incredible relative - Entoloma blue - Entoloma hochstetteri. The mushroom of a unique, sky-blue color is found in the rainforests of India and New Zealand and due to its unusual appearance was awarded an image on the New Zealand $ 50 banknote.

Despite the fact that Podstlyvnik has been successfully used for food for a long time, there is still no consensus among researchers whether this species is edible or still poisonous.

In order for the "quiet hunt" in the mushroom season not to be fatal, it is necessary to carefully study the appearance of edible mushrooms and their possible counterparts. Garden entoloma in the hands of a competent lover of quiet hunting can turn into great luck, since it gives a bountiful harvest and is suitable for making dishes of outstanding taste.

Interesting facts about the dangerous mushroom

• Despite the fact that most poisonous mushrooms are not too dangerous even when eaten, poisonous entoloma can be fatal. It is enough to eat a few mushrooms for a deadly amount of poison to enter the body.
• Most often, poisonous entoloma is found near beech, oak, hornbeam, sometimes willow and birch. This is due to the fact that mycorrhiza forms in the tree and fungus.
• While developing, poisonous entoloma changes its taste from mealy to bitter and unpleasant.
• The younger the mushroom, the denser the leg. In older fruiting bodies, it takes the form of a sponge.
• Most of the poison leaves the fruiting body if the mushroom is boiled, changing the water twice, or dried.

Knowing what a rose-colored plate looks like, you can not be afraid to pick mushrooms in the forest. In order not to face the negative consequences of eating poisonous entoloma, you should first boil the mushrooms twice or use them in dried form.

Shield-bearing entoloma

Shield-bearing entoloma - lat. Entoloma cetratum

It is also called Shield Entoloma or Shield-bearing rose-plate.

Mushroom cap

Shield entoloma has small caps, whose diameter reaches 20-55 mm. At first, they grow in the form of a hemisphere, bell or cone, later they open slightly, retaining a convex appearance and a mound (in rare cases, it disappears). The edges of the hats of older specimens are capable of slightly curling upward.

The smooth skin that covers the headgear easily absorbs moisture and turns yellow-brown or dark brown in wet weather, with pronounced radial stripes and a dark center. On fine days, it turns pale towards the middle and darkens at the edges, becoming gray or gray-brown, with a yellowish center.

Inside there is a fragile pulp, colored to match the hat, with a slight taste and smell of flour. It may not smell or exude a scent at all.

Hat bottoms of the Shield-bearing Rosovoplastinnik are decorated with medium-frequency wide and free plates of different lengths occasionally growing along the edge. Their edges are smooth and wavy. The plates of juvenile mushrooms have a pale ocher color, adults with enthol are pinkish.

Rose-colored platelets reproduce by angular spores that form in a bright pink-brown spore powder.

Stipe

Entoloma shield has thin, elongated, but strong legs, whose diameter reaches 1-3 mm, and the height is 30-90 mm. Having the shape of a cylinder, they sometimes expand slightly downward, bend and twist. There is no pulp in the legs.

The smooth surface to the base is covered with felt fibers, under the cap - white bloom. The skin is colored to match the headdress and is streaked with silver stripes.

Entoloma cetratum

Growing places

The fungus prefers moist soils of humid conifers and mixed forests with cedar, larch, fir-tree and pine, it is often found in the tundra.Shield-bearing entholoma is found in European and North American countries, on Russian territory - in Buryatia, Karelia, Komi, Leningrad, Perm and other regions, in Primorye.

Group fruiting begins in mid-May and continues until the end of the mushroom season in the region.

False doubles

Entoloma has a fairly large number of twins. You can clearly see the differences in the photo.

• The pale brown entoloma is also an edible species. It has a similarity with the garden due to the same color of the legs and cap.
• Collectable entoloma - is distinguished by the presence of shiny scales and the fact that the leg expands towards the base.

Dangerous doubles:

Entoloma poisonous or pewter	The main difference is the large cap in comparison with the Podlivnik. Its diameter can reach 2 cm. The skin is easily removable, the plates are yellowish. Has almost no smell. In order to get severe intoxication, it is enough to eat one small piece. The first signs of poisoning appear within half an hour after eating the mushroom.
Entoloma squeezed	Differs from the garden fruiting period - from August to October. It can also be distinguished by a pungent ammonia odor.
Entoloma spring	It has a fruiting period different from Podlivnik - from April to May. It also stands out for its darker cap color and smaller size.

Important! Poisoning can manifest itself in a wide variety of symptoms: long-lasting migraines, dizziness, loss of coordination, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and flatulence, weakness in the body. If, after eating entoloma, at least one of the listed symptoms is observed, an urgent need to consult a doctor

Similar species

Poisonous rose-leaf has a lot of twins in the kingdom of mushrooms, thereby posing a great danger to a novice mushroom picker. It is very similar to the hanging plant (Clitopilus prunulus), but the latter differs from the hero of the article only in the descending plates. Another twin of our entoloma is the garden rose-leaf (in Latin Entoloma clypeatum), which differs in a cap that swells from water and does not grow in forest belts. It is also an edible representative of the mushroom kingdom.

A considerable similarity is observed in the hero of the article, with the smoky gossip (Clitocybe nebularis) and the May ryadovka (Calocybe gambosa), mushrooms with narrow and quite often located plates - the main difference from this type of entoloma. It is interesting that poisonous entholoma can be confused even with the common champignon (Agaricus campestris), which differs only in the color of the plates and the ringlet (the remains of the bedspread) on the leg. Tin entoloma differs from pigeon ryadovka (Tricholoma columbetta) by the absence of colored spots on the hat... And the double's hat also turns pink in the place of damage.

All the twins described above are edible representatives of the mushroom kingdom, but among the poisonous and inedible, the giant rose-leaf has much in common with the pressed entoloma (Entoloma rhodopolium).

Description of spring entoloma

The diameter of the cap is small - 2-5 centimeters. The shape of the cap is conical, over time it becomes half-extended, often a characteristic tubercle remains in the center. The color of the cap can be gray-brown or black-brown with an olive tint.

The pulp is whitish in color, without a pronounced smell and taste. The plates are wavy, wide, can be loose or attached with a tooth. In youth, the color of the plates is pale gray, and with age, a reddish tint appears. Spore powder of pink color.

The length of the stem of the spring entoloma is 3-8 centimeters, and its thickness does not exceed 0.3-0.5 centimeters. The leg is thickened at the base, it is fibrous in structure, and in color it coincides with the cap or is lighter.

Distribution of spring entoloma

Fruiting rose-leaf spring from May to the end of June. These mushrooms grow on forest edges, in more rare cases, they are found in coniferous forests. They settle most often on sandy soils.

Assessment of spring entoloma

In both ours and foreign sources, these small, gloomy mushrooms appear as poisonous.But their appearance is unattractive, so there are hardly any people willing to try these mushrooms.

Similar species

Spring entoloma has an outward resemblance to other entoloma species, but since it bears fruit early, there should be no confusion.

In addition, the spring entoloma looks like a fiberfish, but it differs due to the pink color of the spores.

Other mushrooms of this genus

Brightly colored entoloma is an inedible mushroom. The peculiarity of this mushroom is the bright purple color of the cap and blue plates. At a young age, the shape of the cap resembles a hemisphere, over time it straightens out and reaches almost flat, in its middle there is a depression. Slightly curved stem, hollow, scaly. The pulp is fragile with an unpleasant soapy smell and taste.

This is a rare mushroom, it is rarely found. Brightly colored entoloma bears fruit from September to October. These mushrooms grow in deciduous forests, settle on birch, oak, mountain ash, alder, ash, hazel, and very rarely on cypress.

Rough entoloma is an inedible mushroom. The diameter of the cap of this small mushroom does not exceed 3 centimeters. The shape of the cap varies from bell-shaped to flat. The edges are ribbed, slightly transparent; there is a tubercle in the center of the cap. The color is brown, there may be a slight reddish tint. The length of the leg reaches 6 centimeters, its shape is cylindrical, and the surface is smooth. The pulp is dense, fleshy.

Most often, this species grows in the tundra. The fruiting season is July-September. Rough entolomes grow on peat soils, in grassy and humid places. They are often found among sedges and moss. Most often they settle alone or in small groups.

Taxonomy

The species was first mentioned in the city in the work of the French naturalist Pierre Buyard as Agaricus lividus... Later, in the city of Christian Person, for the first time, he describes it as Agaricus sinuatus... Current binomial name Entoloma sinuatum The mushroom was obtained in the work of the German mycologist P. Kummer in the city. Nevertheless, the name given by Pierre Bulliard continued to be widely used in the literature, until it became clear that the illustration of Bulliard depicts not a poisonous rose-plate, but a deer whip. Since Mr. Entoloma sinuatum becomes the generally accepted scientific name of the fungus; title Entoloma lividum with r is considered invalid and is not used synonymously.

Another synonym Rhodophyllus sinuatus, was introduced by the French mycologist Lucien Kele, who combined mushrooms with pink adherent or notched hymenophore plates and angular spores in an alternative genus Rhodophyllus.

Binomen Entoloma eulividum (Bull.) Noordel., 1985 refers to the usual form (subspecies) Entoloma sinuatum - with yellowish plates. Previously, this form was allocated in a separate form, different from Entoloma sinuatum (with discs without yellowish color).

Definitioner

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Pileipellis

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid mushrooms, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Cutis

The type of cap skin, consists of creeping non-gelatinized hyphae located parallel to the surface. The surface of the cap looks smooth.

Lat. Cutis.

See Gifa.

Entoloma garden

Garden entoloma - lat. Entoloma clypeatum

In another way, this variety is called Edible Entoloma, Thyroid Pink Platter, Forest Entoloma, Thyroid Entoloma, Podzlivnik, Shield Entoloma, Podzherdelnik, Thorny Entoma or Podbrikosovik.

Translated from Latin, the word "clypeatum" means that the mushroom cap has the shape of a shield.

Mushroom cap

The diameter of the hats of the Edible Entoloma reaches 70-120 mm. Young mushrooms have a hat in the form of a bell-shaped cone or a hemisphere; in adults, it spreads unevenly: some areas become convex, others concave. Darkish mounds remain in the middle of the headdresses. The edges are usually wavy, occasionally fractured.

The surface color is white - gray, pale beige, gray - brown and gray - brown, and varies depending on the weather. On dry days, the hat brightens and remains silky - fibrous, in wet days it becomes sticky and dark.

The hats are filled with taut flesh that softens as it ripens - white or somewhat brown. It often gives off a pleasant mealy smell and tastes similar.

The hat bottom of the thyroid pink plate is speckled with wide sparse accrete plates with jagged edges. They differ in different lengths. Young plates are whitish, mature ones are pale pink, grayish pink or gray brown. The lamellar bottoms of old fungi become reddish.

Spores of Entoloma Gardena are in pink powder.

Stipe

The trunk of the Forest Entoloma has a curved cylindrical shape, often twisting. Its diameter is 10-40 mm, height is 100-120 mm. The leg of a young specimen is filled with fragile longitudinally ribbed pulp, but subsequently empties.

The legs of the Subslivnik have a whitish, pale pink or light ash color, at the bottom they are colored lighter. There is no ring.

Entoloma garden (Entoloma clypeatum)

Growing places

Garden entoloma is easy to find on the fertile lands of forests with deciduous trees, where there are birch, mountain ash and oak, even near roads and paths, on meadows and lawns. Also, as the name suggests, it bears fruit well in gardens, under pear and apple trees, pink, thorns, rosehips and hawthorn bushes.

Thyroid entoloma is collected on the North American continent, Ukrainian and Western European lands. In Russia, she inhabits the Leningrad region, in particular, St. Petersburg.

Fruiting usually occurs in numerous groups, extremely rarely - one by one, and falls in April (in warm regions) or June-July (in temperate climates). The mushroom can bear fruit in several stages.

Edibility

Thorny entoloma belongs to conditionally edible mushrooms, suitable for cooking various dishes after twenty minutes of boiling. It is salted and pickled. Western European residents consider this mushroom a delicacy, while residents of southern Russia consider it a traditional food product.

Similar types and differences from them

Edible

• Entoloma is garden. Possesses a hygrophilous hat and does not grow in deciduous forest.
• Hanging. It has the same color, but differs in plates descending along the leg.
• Smoky talker. It has more frequent and narrow plates, painted in a cream or white shade, and slightly descending along the stem. Unlike Entoloma tin plates, in this mushroom they are easily separated from the hats. The mushroom smells like rot or flowers.
• The row is in May. Its hat bottom is speckled with frequent narrow plates - white or pale ocher.
• The row is pigeon. It differs from the rose-colored plate in its pinkish pulp when damaged and a white cap with colored specks.
• Common champignon. It has rings on legs and lamellar rows of darker shades.

Inedible

Entoloma squeezed. Her mid-frequency plates in her youth are white in color, and the leg thickness does not exceed 5 mm.

Notes (edit)

1. Haas., Hans. The Young Specialist looks at Fungi (unspecified). - Burke, 1969 .-- S. 126 .-- ISBN 0-222-79409-7.
2. Noordeloos, M.E. // Fungi Europaei, Volume 5a: Entoloma (Supplement) - Edizioni Candusso, 1992 - pp. 920 - pp. 111-113.
3. Agerer., R. Color Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae (unspecified). - Schwäbisch Gmünd: Einhorn-Verlag, 2002. - ISBN 3-921703-77-8.
4. David G. Spoerke, Barry H. Rumack. Handbook of mushroom poisoning: diagnosis and treatment. - CRC: 1994 - pp. 464 - p. 354
5. Zabolotskikh T.V., Grigorenko G.V., Klimova N.V., Poddubnaya S.M. Poisoning in childhood: a manual for pediatricians. - Blagoveshchensk: Amur State Medical Academy, 2003. - 21 p. (p. 12-14)
6. Bulliard., J.B.F. Herbier de la France (unopened). - 1788. - T. 8. - S. 337-384.
7. Persoon., C.H. Synopsis methodica fungorum (unspecified). - 1801. - P. 1-706.
8. Kummer., P. Der Führer in die Pilzkunde (unspecified). - 1871. - S. 1-146.
9. Quélet., L. Enchiridion Fungorum in Europa media et praesertim in Gallia Vigentium (Italian). - 1886.
10. Noordeloos, M.E. Notulae ad floram Agaricinam Neerlandicam X-XI. Entoloma (English) // Persoonia (English) Russian .. - 1985. - Vol. 12, no. 4. - P. 457-462.

Nutritional quality

Gastro-enterotropic poisonous mushroom. When used, it irritates the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, causing the so-called. "Resinoid syndrome" (abdominal pain, vomiting, loose stools). Symptoms of poisoning appear within 0.5-2 hours after the ingress of toxins into the body and appear in the form of headaches and dizziness, which are later joined by severe vomiting and diarrhea. Recovery usually occurs within 48-72 hours. If a significant amount of mushrooms is consumed, a lethal outcome is possible.

Treatment of poisoning is nonspecific and consists in washing the stomach and prescribing saline laxatives (until the development of vomiting and diarrhea), prescribing enterosorbents; with the development of severe gastroenteritis - in the correction of water-electrolyte disorders by the introduction of blood-substituting fluids and in the prevention of secondary infection of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric lavage, laxatives and enterosorbents are prescribed to all family members who have taken mushrooms.