Gymnopus yellow-lamellar

Merging money (merging collibia): photo and description

Often mushroom pickers meet on their way whole meadows of long-legged bell-shaped mushrooms. Collibia confluent often grows on stumps in groups of 2-9 or more specimens

Mushroom pickers who do not have much experience often mistake them for mushrooms, but in order not to miscalculate when collecting, it is important to know the varietal characteristics and view the photo

Doubles and their differences

Collibia confluent has edible, toxic and conditionally edible counterparts.

1. Colibia buttered - the edible variety has a red-brown leg and a cap of the same color up to 120 mm in size. The surface is smooth, after the rain has passed, it becomes covered with mucus. The species has a tough pulp, grows in coniferous forests.
2. Mycena oblique is an edible species that has a thin bell-shaped head. It prefers to grow on stumps in an oak grove.
3. Collibia spotted is a conditionally edible species. The fused white cap is covered with separate reddish specks. Grows in deciduous and coniferous loess.
4. Wrapped collibia is an inedible variety with a brown-red cap. The surface is smooth, during drought it acquires a golden color.
5. Colibia tuberous is a dangerous species. Mushrooms are small in size, cream colored. May cause food poisoning if eaten.

Definitioner

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Description

Hat

At the beginning of growth, it has the shape of a hemisphere. With age, it gradually becomes more extended, a blunt tubercle forms in the middle. Sometimes chaotically located pits form on the surface of the cap. The surface is smooth, sticky in wet weather, the edge of the cap is thin, often wavy. The color is brown with a shade of ocher or reddish, fading to cream, the edge of the cap is much lighter than the center. The diameter of the cap is from 2 to 4 cm, occasionally up to 6 cm.

Spore-bearing layer

Lamellar. White or yellowish plates are located very often, narrow, serrated. Spore white powder.

Leg

Cylindrical, curved or twisted. At the beginning of growth, it has a whitish or brown color, the base is darker than the rest of the leg. In adulthood, the leg turns red with a brown or rusty tint. The surface is covered with a slight white bloom, at the base it becomes much thicker. The structure is dense, rigid, solid.

Pulp

Thin, dense, fawn color. At the site of a break or cut, the color does not change, the milky juice does not emit. Possesses a weak pleasant smell and mild taste.

Oak-loving hymnopus (Gymnopus dryophilus)

Current title

Systematic position

Etymology of the species epithet

Dryophilus, a, um loving oak trees. From δρυς, δρυός f oak + 1) φίλος m friend; 2) φίλη f girlfriend.

Synonyms

• Agaricus dryophilus Bull., Herb. Fr. (Paris) 10: tab. 434 (1790)
• Omphalia dryophila (Bull.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 612 (1821)
• Collybia dryophila (Bull.) P. Kumm., Führ. Pilzk. (Zerbst): 115 (1871)
• Marasmius dryophilus (Bull.) P. Karst., Bidr. Känn. Finl. Nat. Folk 48: 103 (1889)
• Collybia aquosa var. dryophila (Bull.) Krieglst., in Krieglsteiner, Ahnert, Endt, Enderle & Ostrow, Beitr. Kenntn. Pilze Mitteleur. 13: 36 (2000)
• Marasmius lupuletorum (Weinm.) Bres., Fung. trident. 2 (8-10): 24 (1892)

Other names: Spring honey, Kollibia oak-loving, Les-loving Kollibia, Common Kollibia, Ordinary money.

Habit

Fruit body: Cap and stem (agaricoid)

Hymenophore: Lamellar (including folded or with rudimentary plates)

Hat

The cap is 10-60 mm in diameter, at first hemispherical with a lowered edge, then convex-outstretched, prostrate, with a lowered, turned or wavy edge, with a tubercle in the center or slightly depressed. The surface is yellow-brown, orange-brown, brown, fades to fawn or cream with a brownish center, smooth, hygrophane, slightly sticky in wet weather.

The plates are adherent to the stem or almost free, white or cream-white.

Leg

Stem 30 - 120 mm long, 1 - 5 mm in diameter, cylindrical or expanding downwards, smooth, hollow, pale yellow or of the same color with a cap, at the base with a felt mycelium.

Pulp

The pulp has no particular taste or smell.

Microscopy

Spore powder is white or light yellow.

Spores (3.5) 4.0 - 6.5 (7.0) × 2.5 - 3.5 (4.0) μm, Q = 1.9, broadly ellipsoid, often slightly ovoid.

Basidia 18 - 24 × 6.0 - 9.0 μm, clavate, 4-spore.

Basidiols 10.5 - 23 × 2.5 - 5.5 μm, clavate, cylindrical or slightly fusiform.

The edge of the plate is sterile.

Cheilocystids 15 - 50 (70) × 4.0 - 12 μm, irregular, clavate, branched or with lateral outgrowths, thin-walled.

Pleurocystids are absent.

Tram plate consists of cylindrical hyphae 10 (15) µm in diameter.

Pileipellis consists of hyphae 8.0 - 20 µm in diameter, with yellow pigment and wide lobed terminal elements.

Buckles are common.

Ecology and distribution

• Substance: Woody plants (living trees, bark and dead wood)
• Substrate: Soil, litter

Grows singly and in groups on soil, forest floor and decaying wood in deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests.

Fruiting

The divisions correspond to the decades of the month.

Nutritional properties

Similar species

• Gymnopus watery (Gymnopus aquosus) - has a paler color and habitat.
• Meadow honey fungus (Marasmius oreades) - differs in habitat.

Notes

On the fruiting bodies of G. dryophilus, the mushroom-loving Sizigospore (Syzygospora mycetophila) parasitizes, forming brain-like outgrowths on the caps.

Distribution in Western Siberia

Related materials

1. Antonin V., Noordeloos N. E. A monograph of marasmioid and collybioid fungi in Europe. - Eching: IHW-VERLAG, 2010 .-- 480 p. - P.173.
2. Halling R. E. The Genus Collybia (Agaricales) in the Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. - J. Cramer publisher, (Mycologia Memoir, No. 8), 1983. - 148 p. - P. 49.
3. Perova N.V., Gorbunova I.A.Macromycetes of the south of Western Siberia. - Novosibirsk: Publishing house of the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2001. - 158 p. - S. 76.

Link to this page for prints

Ageev D.V., Bulonkova T.M. Oak-loving hymnopus (Gymnopus dryophilus) - Mushrooms of Siberia URL: https://mycology.su/gymnopus-dryophilus.html (date of access: 28.02.2020).

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Description of the wrapped collibia

Wrapped collibia or shod money is a fragile, miniature specimen that grows in regions with a temperate climate. Since the mushroom is inedible, you need to know the detailed description so as not to get an upset stomach.

Description of the hat

The hat is small, up to 60 mm in diameter. In young specimens, it is bell-shaped; as it grows, it straightens, keeping a small mound in the center. The surface is covered with a thin matte skin with pronounced whitish spots. In dry weather, the mushroom is colored light coffee or cream. When it rains, the hue changes to dark brown or ocher. The pulp is dense, brown-lemon.

The spore layer is covered with thin long plates that partially grow to the peduncle. In adolescence, they are canary-colored; as they grow older, the color changes to red or light brown.

Reproduction occurs with transparent oblong spores, which are in a pale yellow spore powder.

Leg description

Elongated leg, extending to the bottom, up to 70 mm long. The skin is smooth, fibrous, canary-gray in color, covered with a lemon felt bloom. The lower part is whitish, covered with mycelium. There is no ring at the base.

Doubles and their differences

Oil colliery, like any representative of the mushroom kingdom, has twins. These include:

1. Tuberous is a small poisonous species. The edges of the hemispherical, reddish-brown cap are brittle and bent inward. They grow in small families throughout the fall. The variety is often confused with saffron milk caps and russula, therefore, in order not to be mistaken when collecting, it is necessary to know the varietal characteristics.
2. Spotted is a conditionally edible specimen. The bell-shaped cap at a young age is painted in a whitish color, with age it straightens and becomes covered with rusty spots. The pulp is firm and fleshy. The variety grows from August to September in acidic, moist soil in large groups.

Collybia chestnut, or oily (Collybia butyracea)

Habitat: mixed and coniferous forests, on forest floor, on decaying wood, usually grows in groups.

SEASON: May - October.

In the middle and end of May, the first types of collibies appear. These include, first of all, chestnut or oily colibs. These cute little mushrooms attract with their spectacular appearance, although they are small in size. Although they are edible, they are not harvested due to their small size and the lowest, fourth category for food properties.

At this time, many singing birds can be observed in the forest, for example, buntings, which climb onto the upper branches and sing, sing, sing.

The cap has a diameter of 3-8 cm, at first hemispherical, later convex with a round tubercle and then prostrate with a flat tubercle and raised or curved edges. A distinctive feature of the species is the chestnut brown color of the cap with a flat tubercle of a darker brown color and light, cream or light brown edges.

Stem 4-9 cm tall, thin, 2-8 mm thick, cylindrical, smooth, creamy at first, later fawn-brown. The base of the leg is thickened.

The pulp is watery, thin, soft, whitish or yellowish, odorless at first, later with a faint moldy odor.

The plates are creamy or yellowish, notched-adherent. Short free plates are located between the adherent plates.

Variability: The color of the cap is variable depending on the maturity of the fungus, the month and the humidity of the season. The color can be chestnut brown, especially in early summer, red-brown with a brown tint, brown-brown with a dark middle, gray-brown with an olive tint, lilac brown. In the dry season, the cap fades to light shades of yellow, cream and light brown.

Similar species. Collybia chestnut in shape and size is similar to the edible wood-loving collybia (Collybia dryophila), which differs in that it has a much lighter cap.

Edible: edible, but requires pre-cooking in 2 waters to eliminate mold odor.

Edible, 4th category.

Collybia wood-loving, light form (Collybia dryophilla, f. Albidum)

Habitat: mixed and coniferous forests, on forest floor, in moss, on decaying wood, stumps and roots, grows in groups, often in witch's circles.

SEASON: May - September.

The hat has a diameter of 2-6 cm, sometimes up to 7 cm, at first it is convex with a lowered edge, later spread out, flat, often with a wavy edge. A distinctive feature of the species is the light color of the cap: whitish, or white-cream, or white-pink. The center area may be slightly brighter.

Leg 3-7 cm high, 3-6 mm thick, cylindrical, widened near the base, hollow inside, pinkish or yellow-cream on top, darker at the base - reddish or brownish, pubescent.

The pulp is thin, whitish, with a weak mushroom odor and a pleasant taste.

The plates are creamy or yellowish, adherent. Short free plates are located between the adherent plates.

Variability: The color of the cap is variable depending on the maturity of the mushroom, the month and the humidity of the season - from white-cream to pinkish-cream.

Similar species. Collybia distorta is similar in shape and basic color to Collybia distorta, which can be distinguished by its uniformly colored yellow-orange cap.

Cooking methods: cooking, frying, canning.

Edible, 4th category.

Varieties

Spindle-footed

Collibia fusiform grows on the stumps and roots of old deciduous trees, preferring oak and beech. A hat with a diameter of 4.0-8.0 cm, with a blunt tubercle. The pulp is tough. The spindle-shaped leg is 4-8 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm thick. The color range is in red-brown shades.

Widely distributed in European forests. The fruiting period is in summer and autumn. It is considered inedible, but there are cases of the use of young specimens with exquisite gastronomic qualities. Overgrown specimens cause mild poisoning.

Oil

Colibia oil prefers coniferous forests, grows in colonies. The fruiting period is July-November.

A hat with a diameter of 2-12 cm, the surface is smooth, when moisture gets in, it becomes oily, which became the determining factor in the name of the species.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

The flesh of the cap of the oil colibia has an interesting feature - hygrophane, i.e. it is capable of swelling when exposed to moisture. This is due to the fact that the trama (false tissue) of such pulp is represented by a loose weave of hyphae. And it is in these gaps between them that the water coming from the environment is retained. Gigrofanny hats are capable of changing color depending on the weather. So, when dry, concentric zones appear on their surface, and their distribution can go from the center to the edge or vice versa.

The color is brown or with shades of red. Mushroom stem 2-10 cm long, 0.4-1.0 cm thick, often hollow, hard, smooth surface. It belongs to the edible species.

Lazy

The fungus grows in colonies

Wood-loving colliery grows in small colonies in mixed woodlands along with oak and pine, preferring decaying wood and fallen leaves.The fruiting period is June-November.

The hat is 1-7 cm in diameter, the color is initially red-brown, later with an orange tint or yellow-brown. The flesh of the cap is thin, whitish, characterized by the presence of hygrophilousness. The mushroom leg is 3-9 cm long and 0.2-0.8 cm thick. Collebia wood-loving belongs to the edible species.

Bored

Crowded collibia is found near grassy paths, in clearings in coniferous forests, in hilly areas.

The cap is 1-4 cm in diameter, convex in young specimens, and straightened in adults. The surface is glossy. The hymenophore is pinkish. The leg is in the form of a cylinder, 5-10 cm high, up to 3 mm thick. The fruiting period is in spring-autumn.

The mushroom is an edible variety, but it does not have much culinary value due to its small size.

Wide-lamellar

Colibia broadly lamellar is one of the early lamellar fungi. Grows singly or in small colonies. It is a saprotroph, preferring the rotten stumps of broad-leaved trees.

A hat with a diameter of 5-12 cm, radially cracking in dry weather. A tubercle remains in the center of the cap. In adult mushrooms, the edges may bend upward. The surface is gray or brown. Mushroom stem 4-15 cm, cylindrical, widened at the base, dense in structure.

It belongs to the edible species.

Water-loving

Colibia water-loving, or hymnopus water-loving, grows in forests in wetlands with stagnant water, near the passage to the surface of groundwater, prefers moss, grass and soil rich in woody debris. The fruiting period is mid-May-November.

Mushroom cap with a diameter of up to 6 cm, initially with even, later with wavy edges. The surface is smooth. The color is usually cream, light brown. The leg is up to 8 cm long, 0.2-0.4 cm thick, in the form of a cylinder.

It belongs to the edible variety.