Greenhouse business what is profitable to grow in a greenhouse

Obviously, the greenhouse as a business is becoming more attractive today for entrepreneurs. Its products are in demand.

Statistics from the Moscow Research Institute of Nutrition claims that the average citizen of the country should consume 87.6 kg of vegetables per year. Of these, approximately 13 kg are grown in greenhouses.

According to the report of the same research institute, the share of vegetables in the total diet of the population should be increased by 30%. The experience of many countries testifies to the growing component of greenhouse products in their harvest. This is promising.

At the current time, the share of the production of Russian greenhouses, which falls on the average inhabitant, is only 4 kg. Of course, this is not enough. The remaining 9 kg are Dutch strawberries, Israeli herbs, Iranian cucumbers, Turkish tomatoes. The agro-industrial complex is faced with the task of fully providing the population of Russia with domestically produced greenhouse vegetables.

Governmental support

It seems that the turning point of the current situation has come. Unfortunately, this business has been gagging for over twenty years. The needs of this business have not been previously heard by the society in the person of energy suppliers operating with discriminatory quotas.

The necessary adjustments were made by the Russian state program for the development of agriculture in 2013–2020 (Government Decree No. 717 of July 14, 2012). Increasingly, entrepreneurs are interested in the question - where to start a greenhouse business?

Where should greenhouses be built?

The greenhouse economy is critical to the geography of this type of agriculture. If, for example, in the same Spain a greenhouse can be built anywhere, anywhere, then, unfortunately, Russia is inherent in the prevailing zoning in the area of ​​increased risk for agriculture.

Harsh winters, insufficient sunshine, erratic summers - these factors mean higher energy costs for indoor business. Greenhouse vegetable crops require maintaining the thermal regime of their germination and cultivation. At the same time, heating of these agricultural structures should function adequately to external temperature drops.

The business plan for the greenhouse business should minimize energy costs, since they account for at least 90% of the total costs of greenhouse farms. Therefore, it is possible that the reproaches of Russian agrarians to the energy sector are justified because of the insufficiently balanced prices for energy resources within the entire national economic complex. So far, cost minimization, and hence the maximum profitability of the greenhouse business, is possible only in the southern regions of the Russian Federation.

Planning for future sales

The entrepreneur, having previously assessed whether the greenhouse business is profitable, monitors an important factor in the availability of water supply, gas and electricity for heating and lighting. In addition, a certain role belongs to the minimization of transport costs. Therefore, indoor business is especially in demand near million-plus cities.

Established direct deliveries of freshly grown products to nearby chain food supermarkets are a priority for entrepreneurs. At the same time, the maximum profitability of the greenhouse business is achieved and there are virtually no product losses that occur with a longer delivery.

However, even in the case of significant transportation costs, the costs of transporting vegetables grown in Russia from south to north are much lower than the estimated energy costs if the greenhouses in which these fruits were grown were located in the northern regions.

Specialization

Beginning entrepreneurs should not be scattered about picking up a "bouquet" of various greenhouse crops for growing. In modern closed-soil entrepreneurship, high yields are achieved only with a narrow specialization. This idea is confirmed by the many years of experience of the Dutch, recognized leaders in the issue we are discussing. They say that specializing in two cultures is already an overkill.

In short, the greenhouse as a business is created on the basis of common sense and sober calculation. When entering it, amateur performances are not encouraged. First, the market is investigated, it is determined which greenhouse culture is most in demand. The useful area is planned in advance, reasonable parameters of yield are laid (greenhouse agriculture assumes 3–6 harvests per year).

What is more profitable to grow?

However, independent monitoring is not enough, agronomic knowledge is important. One way or another, before entering agribusiness on a closed ground, you will have to hire a technologist with the knowledge of an agronomist. It is with him that the IP clarifies the question: what is more profitable to grow in greenhouses? Even with the initial specialization in a particular crop, the agronomist will prompt the desired variety.

Here are some recommendations for entrepreneurs to choose their specialization. If close cooperation with wholesalers is planned, then there is a direct benefit to produce tomatoes - a crop that has been stored for a relatively long time. Greens (parsley, celery, lettuce, dill) are beneficial when an entrepreneur is trading directly with retail. Also, retail is interested in "greenhouse" radishes, strawberries, seedlings (in spring). The cultivation of lettuce may be based on direct contracts with restaurant owners.

In a word, it is important for an individual entrepreneur at the initial stage to understand what is profitable to grow in a greenhouse for sale.

Crop planning and business parameters

We recommend that you decide on the buyers of your future products even before starting investment activities in the greenhouse business. We need solid agreements, reliable buyers. Priority should be given, as we have already mentioned, to large chain supermarkets.

Then, in order of priority, you should look for opportunities in the wholesale trade. And only then - in retail. Therefore, the answer to the question of where to start a greenhouse business will be your agreements with large guaranteed buyers. The distribution system must, in principle, be planned in advance.

To understand how a greenhouse works as a business, let's present a simple calculation. First, you have to draw up an investment project. The very first step for an entrepreneur should be to acquire a project. Thus, the entrepreneur determines the preparation of the territory, the purchase of equipment, its installation, the purchase of planting materials, links the maturation cycle with cash flows, the timing of product sales.

The main guidelines for you should be, on the one hand, the maximum possible profit (which you should strive for), and on the other hand, the minimum profit that preserves the prospects for business development

Purchased greenhouses

Consider a typical greenhouse business plan built on an industrial basis. It is standard, therefore it is widely demanded. A land plot with an area of ​​1 hectare for greenhouses can be bought for about 100 thousand rubles.

Engineering soil preparation is in progress.Individual entrepreneurs purchase standard sections of industrial greenhouses. The coating is often polycarbonate, less often glass.

The section of such a prefabricated structure has the following parameters: width - 6 m, length - 4 m, height - 3.3 m. It costs 110 thousand rubles. How to roughly estimate the cost of significantly longer greenhouses? It is believed that with an increase in length, every 2 running meters will cost 30 thousand rubles. Sections are installed in rows from east to west.

Heating and watering

The most rational heating system is air (with the supply of heated air through special holes in the air ducts from heat generators).

The preferred irrigation system is drip irrigation. The costs for it are small - several thousand rubles for the supply hoses. Greenhouse lighting systems, fertilizers, chemicals are necessarily purchased. A warehouse and a room for inventory should also be equipped.

Benefits and costs

Is a greenhouse business built using purchased prefabricated greenhouses profitable? Only with a well-designed business plan and strict adherence to modern technologies. Investments in a greenhouse complex with a usable area of ​​1 hectare will amount to about $ 30-35 thousand. In current costs, about 90% will be for gas and electricity.

The annual salary of a manager, an agronomist and 10 workers will be approximately $ 55-60 thousand. With the proper efficiency of the greenhouse economy, the profitability of the business is 15%. Such greenhouse technologies provide a return on investment in it in 3-4 years.

Hydroponics at a glance

The most cost-effective technology is hydroponics. The cycle of growing vegetables on it is three weeks. Harvest from one hectare with this technology in 1 day - up to 3 tons of vegetables. Household greenhouse operations are usually carried out by the family living in the home. If hired workers are attracted, then 1-2 people, and then for planting or harvesting (the most labor-intensive period).

It should be borne in mind, in particular, that a greenhouse business based on hydroponics is more suitable for growing flowers, because the taste of vegetables will be significantly inferior to that of garden ones. In this case, consumers often complain about the "plastic" taste of the product. However, the greens "pass" with a bang.

Economy option for the greenhouse business

If the funds for the initial investment are still limited, your own plot in front of the house can become a "launching pad" for you.

In this case, greenhouses are usually built on their own: frame - 2.5 m in width - and single-slope, deepened into the ground.

Consider their specialization for cucumbers. This crop, unlike tomatoes, does not require ventilation, which makes growing easier. The most economical option is greenhouses, deepened into the ground (above the surface - only 1 m, outwardly it resembles a greenhouse). The entrance to the greenhouse is inclined, like in a cellar. The frame is made of steel wire, with a plastic wrap on top.

Heating is laid at the edges of the greenhouse - two pipes powered by a home boiler. Watering is frequent, cucumbers love water. Such structures are being erected in the east-west direction along the entire length of the site. Greenhouse technologies, as we can see, in the case of personal farming are based on maximum efficiency.

Maintaining the temperature regime in backyard greenhouses

It is important to observe the temperature regime. At a temperature of 25 ° C, cucumbers will germinate in 3 days, if 18 ° C - in a week. Further, 18 ° C is suitable for germination, but not less, since at temperatures below 14 ° C, the growth of cucumbers generally stops. The problem arises when the temperature drops outside the window are significant. What to do then? The answer is simple. Control and measuring equipment should function in greenhouses. Alternatively, you can install a relay alarm with an audible signal in the house. Then, by the "Alarm" signal, the temperature of the home boiler should be increased.

If the owners do not want to use a home boiler for heating backyard greenhouses, an alternative option is possible - a greenhouse oven. Usually it is a small economical stove-stove of a simple design, designed for 20 hours of unattended operation, insensitive to the type of fuel. It is advisable to provide for a chimney, a gas seal, an ash box, an oven door in its design. Heated in greenhouses with peat chips or sawdust.

Conclusion

The recently adopted Russian program for the development of the agro-industrial complex has already contributed to an increase in the harvest of vegetables in greenhouses: in 2013, the growth rate was 6.7%. It is indicative that in comparison with last year the dynamics of yield growth in the Ural region amounted to 28%. The leading position is traditionally occupied by the greenhouse business of the Volga District - 184 thousand tons of vegetables and herbs. In 2014, it is planned to get a harvest of 720 thousand tons.

However, the Achilles' heel of the greenhouse economy remains its gas and electric capacity. Suppliers of these energy resources, without taking into account the production characteristics of greenhouse farms in Russia, set consumption quotas, penalizing them for exceeding them.

By Resolution No. 717, the Russian state has undertaken compensation for 20% of the energy costs of greenhouse entrepreneurs. It is planned to modernize the existing technical complexes, increasing their traditional productivity by 2 times, as well as to build new ones. By 2014, the total area of ​​greenhouses was increased from 2.6 to 3.0 thousand hectares. And by 2020, the total area of ​​greenhouses will be 4.7 thousand hectares, and the planned harvest will be 1720 thousand tons. The reserves are obvious, for comparison: the area under the closed ground in Spain is 52 thousand hectares.

The most important indicator of whether a greenhouse is effective as a business is the vegetable yield per square meter. Due to the introduction of new technologies, it is expected to increase from 18.8 kg / m2 (average level for 2010) to 36.8 kg / m2 in 2020.

As you can see, the general macroeconomic situation demonstrates the growing attractiveness of this business for private entrepreneurs.

• The main disadvantage of the greenhouse business
• How much money is needed to start a successful business of growing vegetables and plants in a greenhouse
• When is the best time to start a greenhouse business
• Plant growing technology
• 1. Seedlings
• 2. Vegetables
• 3. Flowers
• 4. Strawberries
• 5. Greens
• How much can you earn
• What OKVED to indicate for the purpose of registration
• What documents are needed to open
• Tax system
• Permissions to open

What is profitable to grow in a greenhouse? This question is asked by many novice farmers and owners of personal subsidiary plots who want to succeed in the difficult greenhouse business.

However, before talking about the profitability of this or that greenhouse plant, it is worth mentioning the flip side of the issue - costs. Depending on climatic conditions, the profitability of growing individual crops, and the whole greenhouse business, can differ dramatically.

On some forums, you can meet people who are eager to start a greenhouse business in Siberia and the northern regions of the Russian Federation. Some enthusiasts even plan to carry out year-round production. In view of their inexperience, they still have no idea how much resources can be spent on maintaining a greenhouse.

The main disadvantage of the greenhouse business

The very first thing that can bring any greenhouse project to a minus is the heating of the greenhouse. To heat a brick house and a polycarbonate greenhouse are not the same thing. For example, heating a house of 50 sq. m costs in winter at 2500 rubles / month, then a thin greenhouse of the same area will take 5-10 times more. Even in the southern regions, farmers do not keep greenhouses all year round, and only open the season in February - March.

A similar layout comes with greenhouse lighting. The dim light, as in the apartment, will definitely not work. Plants in the cold season need the same daylight hours as they receive in the warm season.The light must be bright, and this is a very high cost of electricity. What can I say, even for growing tomatoes on the windowsill, additional light is needed.

Someone may argue - "so after all, we will sell the product at a high price, look how much a tomato costs in February." The prices that can be observed in grocery chains should not be a guideline. Wholesale vegetables and greens are sold almost two times cheaper than the prices shown in the window. This is because retailers have their own costs associated with logistics, markdowns, taxes, salespeople salaries, and so on.

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How much money is needed to start a successful business of growing vegetables and plants in a greenhouse

And the most important thing. If a farmer does not have any experience in growing a particular crop, that is, he cannot get the required volume of production, the losses will be colossal.

Of course, this does not mean that year-round cultivation in greenhouses in temperate climates is impossible. It is quite possible that there are many such farms. But, all such projects cost a lot of money and a small farmer, of course, cannot afford it.

Before starting any business, it is advisable to learn how to manage money. Think about your future today. Take a course in money management and learn about the secrets of rich people and what techniques they use to achieve their goals.

When is the best time to start a greenhouse business

What can we conclude - profitable cultivation in a greenhouse should start with small volumes and before the opening of the season. The main task of the greenhouse is to get the harvest several weeks before a similar product appears on the market from summer cottages. Prices will still be very attractive, and demand is high, so the product can be sold without any problems.

A small greenhouse, in the first place, will not ruin the farmer in case of failure. And secondly, it will allow you to evaluate the market and make it clear whether it is worth doing this business or not.

Plant growing technology

So, let's move on directly to the disclosure of the main question of our topic - which plants are more profitable to grow in a greenhouse? And here is our TOP 5 best greenhouse ideas.

1. Seedlings

Oddly enough, but it is the cultivation of seedlings that is one of the most profitable ideas for a greenhouse. In the spring, the demand for seedlings is everywhere - they are bought by both the owners of summer cottages and adjoining territories, and other farms specializing in crop production.

There can be a lot of options here. Take strawberry seedlings, for example. In the fall, you can make harvesting of frigo seedlings (for more information about frigo seedlings, see the article "Strawberry Business - 4 Ways to Grow Strawberries Profitable"), and in the spring, plant these seedlings in a greenhouse and sell them for several months.

On one square meter, you can safely arrange up to several hundred roots. The retail price of one bush, depending on the variety, ranges from 50 to 100 rubles. We sold 10,000 roots - earned from 500 thousand rubles. To be convinced of the real demand for strawberry seedlings, just look at the statistics of Yandex search queries.

So, according to the data of Wordstat, the phrase "buy strawberry seedlings" in the month of April alone is trying to find about 18,000 times. Of these, Moscow accounts for just over 4,000 requests. This suggests that the sale of seedlings can be carried out not only through markets and nurseries, but also via the Internet.

The same can be said about seedlings of flowers (petunias), tomatoes, cabbage. The demand is colossal.

2. Vegetables

Cucumbers and tomatoes are the most proven greenhouse crops.Vegetables are bought always and everywhere, regardless of the crisis.
A big plus of the same cucumbers is that they are stored for a long time. The harvested crop can be stored for weeks, although fresh cucumber is sold out very quickly. Moreover, if it is grown in the same region where it is sold.

The yield of greenhouse cucumbers and tomatoes, with proper technology, is 30 - 45 kg per sq. m. Greenhouse for 300 sq. m. can bring up to 12 tons of vegetables per season. In May 2016, cucumbers in our stores (Ulyanovsk) cost an average of 80 rubles / kg.

If for some reason it is not possible to agree with vegetable stalls and grocery stores, then you can sell the goods without any problems on your own. If the farm has a roomy car, then you can just stand by the road with good car traffic, hang a signboard "vegetables from private household plots", indicate the price tag just below the store prices and there will be no end of customers. Each customer can be given business cards and soon you will be selling products directly from your greenhouse area.

3. Flowers

A slightly more complex and rather southern option for the greenhouse business is the idea of ​​growing a cut flower. The primary task in this case is to get the main harvest by the March and then May holidays.

How much can you earn here. So, modern technologies for growing roses make it possible to get up to 250 cuts per year from one bush. Up to 4 bushes can grow freely on one square meter. That is, from 1 sq. m. 1000 slices are collected per year. Greenhouse for 100 sq. m. will allow you to grow up to 100 thousand slices!

The average wholesale price for one cut of a rose is 40 rubles. By not cleverly calculating, we get a revenue of 4 million rubles per year. This is a lot of money, and even with the high costs of maintaining the greenhouse, the profit remains high.

There are, however, several serious "pitfalls" that hinder the widespread development of this business. Firstly, flowers, and even more so roses, are very capricious and require special care. Small deviations from the norm - the flowers are frail and not marketable. Secondly, the cost of creating greenhouse conditions for growing flowers is slightly higher than in the case of vegetables. Finally, thirdly - sales! More and more farmers are growing flowers today, and the lion's share of the goods comes from abroad. The competition is extremely high and not everyone is able to withstand it.

4. Strawberries

In more southern regions (Krasnodar Territory, Kuban), strawberry cultivation in a greenhouse is quite common. Today there are several effective technologies for growing strawberries in greenhouses: Dutch and Israeli technology, vertical beds (trukars), growing frigo seedlings, hydroponics. For some of them, it is possible to achieve a yield of 30 tons per hectare.

In the south, fresh strawberries can be seen on the shelves as early as May. But in the central and Volga regions, finding early locally produced strawberries is not an easy task. This is due to the fact that the berry has an extremely short shelf life (only 2 days) - it simply does not reach solvent buyers in the northern regions. And the one that arrives, as a rule, is unbearably expensive and does not look very much like a berry.

On May 25, I decided to “monitor” the prices for strawberries in our city (Volga region) and somehow found a berry on sale, which was surprisingly delivered from Uzbekistan. Price - 350 rubles / kg! And surprisingly, people took it.

What can we conclude - at such prices, growing strawberries in a greenhouse, even in a temperate climate, looks like a very promising idea.

You can start small - with a greenhouse of 50-100 sq. m. Even with a primitive technology with the use of drip irrigation and agrofibre, you can get a good harvest 10 to 12 days earlier than a summer berry. And this will be enough to sell strawberries at a high price. Even 200 r. per kilogram will allow you to get a plus. When people see imported berries for 350 rubles.and local for 200 rubles. their choice will be obvious.

5. Greens

Growing greenery in a greenhouse can be profitable. First of all, these are: onions on a feather, salads, parsley, dill, cilantro, basil and sage. A big plus of greenery is that, unlike other greenhouse crops, the period from sowing to harvest is the shortest here. So, onions for a feather, spinach and parsley can be obtained within 30 - 35 days after sowing. The yield with hydroponics technology can be up to 6 kg per 1 sq. m. And the price per kilogram, as you know, reaches 200 rubles in the spring. per kg. In just three to four months, up to three harvests can be harvested.

Another plus of growing greens is the cost of planting material. They are, in fact, "penny", in contrast to the same strawberries or flowers. The only difficulty that will certainly await any entrepreneur is the sale of products. It will not be possible to get into retail chains, the volumes are not the same, and the entry price may not be profitable.

Many farmers find a way out by selling greenery in public catering establishments: cafes, restaurants and canteens. Such organizations are always happy to cooperate, since in their activities they are constantly faced with the problem of supplying ingredients.

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How much can you earn

In this type of business, it is difficult to calculate income, since some individual entrepreneurs already have greenhouses, while others will invest in their construction, and the income also depends on the size of the greenhouse.

A sample business plan will look like this.

To grow seedlings you need:

1. Greenhouse (foil or made of polycarbonate) with an area of ​​18 sq.m. If you grow seedlings in two-level boxes, then the usable area doubles and is 36 sq. M. On such an area, 7,500 cups of seedlings are obtained.
   The cost of one glass of seedlings is from 8 to 15 rubles, depending on the region. Thus, 7,500 glasses of at least 8 rubles each will bring an income of 60,000 rubles.
2. Purchase of varietal seeds, bulbs, with a germination rate of up to 80%. The cost of one seed is about 12 kopecks per piece. For growing 7 500 pcs. seedlings need to be purchased 9,000 pcs. seeds, 1,080 rubles will be spent on this.
3. Purchase of soil, for cups, approximately 10 cubic meters. will amount to 8,000 rubles.
4. The cost of 1 glass is 1.8 rubles, in total 13,500 rubles will be needed.
5. Arrangement of heating a greenhouse during the growth of seedlings will cost 2,000 rubles.

Total expenses will be: 1,080 + 8,000 + 13,500 + 2,000 = 24,580 rubles.

The net profit will amount to 35,420 rubles.

What OKVED to indicate for the purpose of registration

OKVED 2 Section A: agriculture, forestry, fishing and fish farming.

OKVED 2 01 Plant growing and animal husbandry, hunting and the provision of related services in these areas.

OKVED 2 01.3 Growing seedlings

OKVED 2 01.30 Growing seedlings

What documents are needed to open

This business will require a package of documents related to agricultural production and retail trade. It is necessary to register a business entity: it can be an individual entrepreneur or a collective farm. Prepared documents must be submitted to public authorities or to multifunctional public service centers (MFC).

Tax system

This business is related to the production of agricultural products, therefore, a taxation system for agricultural producers is applied, the so-called unified agricultural tax. (ESHN). The main condition for this tax is that the proceeds from the sale of these products are at least 70% of all proceeds, and also that the enterprise should be engaged in the production of agricultural products, and not in their sale.

Unified agricultural tax is calculated as follows:

StxB, where

St - tax rate,

B - tax base.

The tax rate is 6%, and the tax base is calculated from income received in the reporting period, less expenses.

Permissions to open

For this type of activity, the seller of seedlings must obtain a sanitary phytocertification.You can get it from the sanitary inspection.

It is also necessary to register an enterprise with state authorities, register with the tax office as an agricultural producer, purchase land or conclude a lease agreement.

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What will people buy in any crisis? The answer is simple - food. And if, sooner or later, almost everyone begins to save on delicacies, then vegetables, fruits and greens sell well all year round. That is why greenhouse farming as a business — profitable and promising undertaking. Absolutely anyone can do it, including those far from agriculture. The main thing is the ability to effectively build a business, solve emerging problems and not be lazy.

Who can do this business

There are no restrictions - it can be any person. But the agricultural and greenhouse business has its own nuances. You must understand that you will have to devote a lot of time to plants or hire specially trained people.

A small greenhouse can even be built in the yard

In the case of equipment for a “home” greenhouse, it is necessary:

1. Ventilate your greenhouse at least once a day to avoid overheating and effectively remove excess moisture.
2. Measure temperature and humidity regularly to adjust fertilization and watering.
3. Make sure that the structure is not damaged by wind, hail, snow in winter.
4. Spray plants regularly against pests and diseases.
5. To weed the ground from weeds, thin out the plants.
6. Harvesting and marketing.

Note: the ideal option is the location of the greenhouse near the house. The business of growing vegetables and greens is more suitable for residents of the private sector than for residents of a metropolis.

Where is it profitable to engage in greenhouse farming?

The answer is simple - where the cost of maintaining it will be minimal. In the southern and western regions of Russia, the temperature is quite high - this allows you to grow vegetables and fruits without creating a full-fledged heating system. Long southern daylight hours will save on lighting and speed up the process of plant growth.

It has been proven that it is easier to bring vegetables from the south than to create the necessary conditions for growing and spend resources on heating greenhouses. You can grow vegetables in Siberia, but their cost will be much higher than imported ones. But the composition of the soil has practically no effect on the greenhouse business.

Keep in mind that you cannot choose a plot in an open field for a greenhouse - you will need to supply electricity to it, provide high-quality entrances.

Organization of heating and drip irrigation in the greenhouse

A greenhouse as a business pays for itself well on its own summer cottage or residential area. Why? There are several reasons:

1. You will not need to pay rent.
2. You will be constantly present near the greenhouse.
3. You will be able to connect the greenhouse to the mains.
4. The entrances to your house are probably already established.
5. A home business is easier to run than an industrial one.

Another important reason is the possibility of breaking the contract with the lessor. Situations often arise when the owner of the land, seeing that a new business is successfully operating on his site, begins to demand an increase in the amount of rent or refuses to rent the land altogether, deciding to “intercept” the business for himself. This issue is regulated by article 46 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation. The lessee can legally break or change the terms of the contract due to:

1. Decrease (actual or apparent) in the level of fertility of the land.
2. Damage to the land, its irrational use.
3. Deteriorating ecology.
4. Lack of reclamation or soil conservation activities.

That is, in fact, the landlord can almost always terminate the contract without hindrance. Therefore, either create a greenhouse on your land, or work with those who are guaranteed not to take the land away from you after a couple of years of successful work.

How to build a greenhouse correctly

There are two options here:

1. Order a ready-made greenhouse according to the specified dimensions. This option is the fastest and simplest - a trained team will assemble even a large structure in 3-4 days and you can start growing.
2. Assemble the greenhouse yourself. This option will cost you less, but you will need to spend time on calculations, studying the information and the work itself.

Note: you do not need any permits to build a greenhouse on your site. It is not recognized as real estate because it does not have a permanent foundation.

High-quality seedlings are the key to a successful business

What are such structures made of? Usually they use:

1. Glass 6-8 mm thick.
2. Polycarbonate.
3. Reinforced film.
4. Polyethylene.
5. Polypropylene.

The frame is usually made of metal or wood. Winter greenhouses are additionally well anchored on the ground and calculated in such a way that they can withstand a layer of snow and ice.

In the late spring - summer period, heating for the greenhouse is actually not needed - it warms up well due to the sun. But year-round greenhouses are usually heated with hot air or heaters that emit infrared radiation. For irrigation, it is most advisable to use drip irrigation technology (it can also be used for fertilization).

What exactly to grow

So, you decided to enter the greenhouse business: what is profitable to grow and what is the most profitable to do? Let's list the main options:

1. Various decorative flowers for cut and seedlings.
2. All kinds of greens.
3. Classic vegetables (cucumbers, tomatoes, zucchini).
4. Strawberries, strawberries and other berries.

We recommend that you do one thing, and not be sprayed in several directions at once. It would be more correct to first master one direction, and only then take on the next, understanding the ways of its development and promotion. You should also take into account local specifics and the level of competition so as not to end up with unsold goods.

Flowers

Flowers in the greenhouse are considered the most promising option - they bring the maximum profit and pay off very quickly. But flower care is quite difficult, and the competition in the market is great. Think about what exactly will be bought in your area and what you can sell in large quantities... There are the following gardening options:

1. Cut flowers for bouquets.
2. Fresh flowers (indoor plants).
3. Seedlings and roots.

Slice trading is seasonal and poorly predictable, but it brings very good profits. Usually the peak of the cut season is in the spring - February 14, February 23, March 8. For these holidays, it is quite possible to recoup all the costs if everything is organized correctly.

Fresh flowers are in fairly even demand - they are bought in spring, autumn, winter and summer. But the volume of their sales is much less than that of the cut.

Flowers are a great option for growing in a greenhouse

Seedlings and roots are usually purchased in the fall and spring, but are easy to grow and store. Investments in this type of business are minimal, and the return is quite tangible.

How exactly do you trade flowers? Large volumes of sales are important here. Therefore, at first, it is best to work with wholesalers who purchase large quantities of goods at low prices. Then, when you already understand the market, you can open your own store, or even a whole network, while continuing to hand over the surplus.

Greens

Despite the seeming cheapness of greenery, it is very profitable to do it. In general, this is ideal for beginners, since greens grow quickly and do not require large investments and special care. The most popular herbs are:

1. Green onions.
2. Wheatgrass onion.
3. Parsley.
4. Dill.
5. Basil.

People buy these products all year round, even in summer, when they can be grown in the garden. These greens can be planted even in racks, placing them in 3-4 tiers. The average amount of the crop varies by the following indicator - from 1 square meter of the surface is cut to 1.5 kg. quality greens for 1 harvest. You can grow 10 crops per year in a high-quality greenhouse, that is, 1 m2 will bring you 15 kg of greenery per year.

Note: in the same greenhouse, you can grow various greens - they combine well with each other and grows quickly. A wide range of greens will allow you to sell more according to the Paretto principle.

Vegetables

The third most profitable option for earning money on a greenhouse farm is growing various vegetables. What is the most profitable thing to do? Peking cabbage, cucumbers and radishes are usually grown in the middle lane. In more southern regions, the tomato grows well. The classic cultivation of cucumbers in the greenhouse as a business brings very good income to the farmer. The natural season for cucumbers is very short - in the gardens they ripen in July, and in August they already leave. But there is always a demand for them, and especially in the spring.

Tomatoes can be sold all year round

Ripe cucumbers can be stored for quite a long time, they are convenient to store and transport - this is an excellent product for mass trade. Tomatoes usually ripen a little later than cucumbers, and their storage conditions are somewhat more complicated. Tomatoes also require better lighting and heating. But radishes and cabbage are very easy to grow - they practically do not get sick, do not require special conditions and grow easily even in an unheated greenhouse practically from April to October.

Berries

The most promising berry for growing in greenhouse conditions is considered to be remontant strawberries. Rest assured - strawberries in a greenhouse all year round as a business will fully pay for itself in just one season. In the beds, strawberries ripen for a maximum of a month, from late May to mid-June, after which the market is empty. People are happy to buy fresh strawberries in summer, autumn, and even winter, so you definitely won't burn out. The main thing is to properly organize the process and achieve its uniform ripening.

Payback of the project

Now let's see if it is profitable to do this business. The profitability depends on the initial investment, the product chosen and the heating method.

As an example, let's take a classic custom winter polycarbonate greenhouse in which we will grow cucumbers. We can get up to 4 harvests per year. Investments in the greenhouse itself and equipment will amount to approximately 450 thousand rubles (from 100 m2). You will spend another 50 thousand on seedlings (seeds), fertilizers and equipment. Heating with proper construction in the winter months will cost about 15 thousand rubles (80 thousand per year), watering, lighting and other costs will cost about 20,000 rubles a year.

A kilogram of cucumbers in the off-season costs about 100 rubles. About 80-90 kg of cucumbers are harvested from one meter of the greenhouse per year. In total, you will grow about 8 tons of cucumbers in your greenhouse, earning actually 800,000 rubles a year. Knowing these numbers, one can answer the question: is the greenhouse business real at home, is it profitable or not to grow greens and vegetables in your greenhouse.

Total your expenses in the first year will be 600,000, income - 800,000. The business will fully pay off and start generating income in the first year. In the second year, you will earn all the same 800 thousand at a total cost of 150 thousand or 54 thousand per month. By building a second greenhouse and mastering the cultivation of other vegetables or greens, you can enter the market as a major supplier.

Benefits of greenhouses

Greenhouses come into fashion... Small shelters are installed on most household plots, and some farms are erecting large-sized structures intended for industrial cultivation. How to start? It's worth starting with comparatively a small shelter of 50 sq. m.

With time economy can be expanded, having erected several more greenhouses ranging in size from 100 sq. m. If you start a business in greenhouses, which is more profitable to grow?

A wide variety of crops can be grown in greenhouses:

greens

, vegetables, berries and even

flowers

... Ask

extra charge substantially

increases in winter and spring .

In the summer, private farmsteads and farmers growing plants in the open field compete with greenhouses. To reduce costs it is recommended to combine heated year-round constructions with seasonal unheated greenhouses, ideal for the warm season.

Greenhouses: what they are

Greenhouses can be divided into many categories according to the type of heating, shape, size, materials used in their construction. Primarily hiding places worth sharing on the:

• heated year-round structures;
• seasonal greenhouses without heating.

Seasonal Shelters most often made from a dense plastic film stretched over a plastic or metal frame. Such a greenhouse can be collapsible, it is easy to dismantle and move to another place. It is better to disassemble shelters for the winter.so that the plastic wrap is not damaged by the snow.

Capital winter greenhouses done more thoroughly... They are erected on a solid foundation; in cold regions, deepening is recommended to help better retain heat.

Winter greenhouses can be pitched or arched, the design depends on the frame. For industrial cultivation, pitched options are recommended; if you use the greenhouse at home as a business, then convenient wall structures are suitable.

As a frame for capital winter greenhouses most often

durable metal is used with anti-corrosion coating. A rarer option is

wooden frames

treated with special impregnation.

As a coating, a double polyethylene film or tempered industrial glass is used. Double-glazed windows are not suitable for greenhouses, they are too fragile and short-lived.

The most modern and convenient material for year-round greenhouses is cellular polycarbonate. Sheets can be given any shape, they are easy to bend and cut, they are not damaged during many years of use. Polycarbonate transmits light well, at the same time protecting plants from sunburn.

For the normal development of plants, the greenhouse must be equipped with heating. The best results are obtained with a combined system that combines several heat sources. It is possible to use electric boilers, stoves, stoves, heaters, fires, as well as cheap bio-fuel. The greenhouse is equipped with a system drip irrigation, fluorescent lamps, air vents and curtains for shading in the summer heat. The cost of a greenhouse for a small business, in this case, will increase.

Crops for year-round cultivation

Specialists greenhouse business distinguish a number of culturesespecially suitable for growing in shelters. The features of the plants are taken into account, as well as the profit from the greenhouse, which is brought by their implementation. What is profitable to grow in the greenhouse? What is more profitable to grow in a greenhouse for a business? In the first place are various flowers, the second is greens, the honorable third is vegetables.

In the flower group, roses are in the lead, which are particularly productiveand the demand for cut flowers is high throughout the year.

Very popular chrysanthemums, many farms are showing interest in exotic plants. Stores willingly buy potted flowers: chrysanthemums, cyclamens, small roses, orchids.

Tulips, daffodils, hyacinths and others seasonal flowers are more profitable to grow in large industrial greenhouses, combining them with other crops. In the season, growing flower seedlings in greenhouses, as well as annuals intended for landscaping verandas and balconies, can also bring good profits.

Gardenersrelying on growing greenery, pay special attention on green onions of different varieties. Leaf lettuce and herbs are in good demand: dill, parsley, cilantro, tarragon, thyme and others. Recently growing greenery in pots is popular, it is easier to implement, the scrap rate decreases, and the trade margin increases.

Mint, lemon balm, lettuce, various varieties of parsley, and cilantro are grown in pots. The great advantage of greenery is the ability to grow hydroponically, significantly reducing the cost and does not affect the taste of products.

Among vegetables, cucumbers and tomatoes rank first. The best taste is demonstrated by hybrids grown in soil. Good business can be growing early crops: radish, different varieties of cabbage. Peppers and eggplants are often planted in year-round greenhouses. Root crops with good keeping quality are not worth growing, the profitability of the greenhouse as a business is greatly reduced.

Berries can also be grown in a year-round greenhouse. Most often, remontant strawberries are planted, but recently gain popularity raspberries. Growing berries requires spacious greenhouses and an established sales network, since the product is very perishable.

Seasonal greenhouse: operating features

To extend the season of vegetables and berries light seasonal designs can be used: glazed greenhouses without heating, film greenhouses. The operation of such facilities begins in early spring and ends in late autumn.

Seasonal greenhouses suitable for growing seedlings, planting crops that do not tolerate frost: eggplants, cucumbers, peppers. You can start planting at the end of March. For insulation structures are clearing snow around, to the ground lay sheets of roofing material... The introduction of a rotted mixture of manure with straw will help warm the soil. It is laid out in the beds and covered with a layer of soil.

It is recommended to start the season by sowing seeds for seedlings, as well as planting early crops: radishes, herbs, lettuce. In April-early May, seedlings move to the greenhouse tomatoes, eggplants, peppers of early varieties.

By this time, the soil should warm up well, but retain moisture. Early varieties can be harvested in mid-summer, making room for new crops. Radish and others seasonal vegetables are sown several times, up to September inclusive.

Planting and growing rules

Pledge correct plant development and high yield - fertile soil. The top of the soil is replaced annually. In large industrial greenhouses, it is recommended to renew the soil after each harvest, that is, after 3-4 months.

The best substrate for greenhouses - mix of old garden or turf soil with humus, peat, river sand. This soil is suitable for most greenhouse crops. For greater nutritional value, it can be supplemented with wood (preferably birch) ash, as well as a complex mineral fertilizer. It is undesirable to add complexes containing a lot of nitrogen, they develop abundant green mass to the detriment of fruiting.

Plants are planted without thickening, there should be at least 30 cm between the bushes. Compact shapes are chosen for greenhousesthat do not form spreading branches or long lashes. In tall greenhouses, it is convenient to plant indeterminate plants that require fastening to trellises.

All crops must be self-pollinating , since the access of insects to the shelter will be limited. It is important to organize

correct watering

, mineral or organic fertilizers are applied to the soil every 2 weeks.

Are greenhouses profitable? A properly organized greenhouse is the key to a good harvest. Her organization and operation are not cheap, however, with proper operation, the structure will pay off within a year.The greenhouse, built of quality materials, does not need annual repairs and serves several seasons without problems.

Useful information in the video about business ideas for greenhouse cultivation of various crops: