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At the request of the editors of the magazine "Family. Earth. Harvest ”Mikhail Vasilyevich Gulenin, who has been collaborating with the magazine for ten years, shared his experience in growing gooseberries in the Kuban.
Gooseberry is a perennial long-lived berry shrub with a height of 0.7-2 meters, cultivated in our country since the 11th century. Many of its varieties tolerate both low air temperatures (up to -40 ° С) and high (up to + 40 ° С). Therefore, the geography of growing this crop is very extensive - from the south of the Krasnodar Territory to the Far East.
Gooseberry varieties
On my site there are 80 gooseberry bushes of 18 varieties: Warsaw pink, Belarusian sugar, Black negus, Hinnono maki strain, Pushkin, Date, Kolobok, Russian yellow, North captain, Black plum, Ural emerald, Jubilee yellow, Spanish sweet, Grazular, Spring, Tender, Malachite, Senator and a hybrid of gooseberries and currants - Yoshta.
The varieties are varied in the shape of the bush, they can have a compact undersized bush or a tall, spreading one. Gooseberry stalks bear more or fewer thorns, and also have no thorns. Shipless ones include: Northern Captain, Black Negus. Low-thorn plants - Date, Spring, Senator, Gratsulyar. Medium-spiked include: Kolobok, Pushkin, Warsaw pink, Laskovy, Ural emerald, Prune, Malachite, Russian.
All varieties of gooseberries have their own distinctive characteristics in terms of color, shape, size and taste of berries.
Pushkin, Hinnono maki striin, Ural emerald, Belarusian sugar, Gratsulyar, Laskovy, Malachite, Spanish sweet, Rodnik are green. Kolobok, Warsaw pink, Senator have a yellow-red hue. The date has a red berry color.
Yellow-fruited include: Jubilee yellow, Russian yellow. Northern Captain and Prune are distinguished by their dark red berries with a purple tint. Kolobok, Belarusian Sugar, Pushkin, Gratsulyar, Spanish Sweet, Rodnik, Malachite have large berries. In terms of taste, the leaders are: Belarusian sugar, Spanish sweet, Pushkin, Date, Yubileiny yellow. Over the years, growing gooseberries, I noticed one interesting feature that all varieties have in common: the annual abundant fruiting.
Beneficial features
Ripe gooseberries are used fresh. They contain vitamins C, P, A, B, B2, PP, as well as salts of iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sugar and organic acids. Gooseberries are distinguished by their ability to synthesize in berries a significant amount of pectin substances that are able to bind and remove radioactive elements from the human body. Gooseberry fruits have choleretic, diuretic, analgesic and mild laxative properties. In processing, berries are used for jam and jam.
Planting, growing and caring for gooseberries
Gooseberry is photophilous, grows well in areas open to the sun. It grows on different types of soils, it does not tolerate only acidic, wetlands. The best planting time is autumn, early spring. I place gooseberry bushes in an ordinary way, the distance between bushes in a row is one meter, between rows - one and a half to two meters. I prepare planting pits 40 × 60 cm in size, in each I add one or two buckets of humus, 150 g of complex mineral fertilizer and a glass of wood ash.
I plant the seedlings at an angle of 30-40 °. I bury the root collar in the soil by 6-7 cm. I cut off the shoot above the ground, leaving 4-5 buds, I water the ground around the seedling and mulch with humus.
Fruiting begins in the second year.Despite the fact that the gooseberry tolerates drought well, during the growing season, watering is necessary once every two weeks - 10 liters of water for a young bush and 30 liters of water for an adult.
At the end of May, it is advisable to mulch the soil around the bushes. Layers of mulch should be 5 -10 cm thick. Well-rotted humus, peat, rice or seed husks, straw, freshly cut grass are suitable for mulching. A layer of mulch inhibits the growth of weeds and keeps moisture from evaporating from the soil in summer, thus creating a more comfortable environment for the development of the bush.
Top dressing and treatment from diseases and pests
In the spring, in March and May, I feed under the root with a complex mineral fertilizer at the rate of 50 g per bucket of water per bush. In the fall, in October, I feed the gooseberry bushes with superphosphate - 100 g per bush by embedding in the soil.
Also, gooseberries are very responsive to foliar feeding on a leaf once a month during the entire growing season, except for the ripening period of berries. For foliar dressing I use a complex preparation "NU-TRIVANT PLUS fruit", created by Israeli scientists. It includes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, iron, manganese, zinc in an easily soluble and plant-accessible form, plus a fertivant - a substance that retains nutrients on the leaf surface, pushing the intercellular space apart, pulls them into the metabolic system of plants ...
A good effect was observed with foliar feeding, combining "NUTRIVANT PLUS" with the Spanish antistress preparation "AMINOCAT 30%", which helps to increase the resistance of plants to unfavorable weather conditions and diseases. I prepare the solution as follows: I dilute 1 tablespoon of "NUTRIVANT PLUS" and "AMINOKAT 30%" in 10 liters of water and carefully process the bushes from a knapsack sprayer. The positive effect is observed within 5-7 days after treatment.
Several times during the growing season I carry out treatments for diseases and pests, for diseases I use HOM, TOPAZ, for pests - BI-58, AKTELIK.
Gooseberry propagation
Gooseberries reproduce in the same way as currants, by cuttings and layering, but it is better to propagate by layering, since the survival rate of cuttings is low - up to 30%.
Gooseberry, in comparison with other berry crops, is a long-liver. A bush can grow in one place for more than 20 years. The main crop is formed on two to seven year old branches. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the bush and carry out anti-aging pruning in time, cutting out seven to eight-year-old branches, stimulating the growth of young shoots to replace them.
If you treat this berry culture with attention and love, then, having planted it once, you will enjoy delicious healthy berries for many years. Gooseberry is a truly Russian national berry culture. Often figuratively it is called the northern grape.
Where to buy gooseberry seedlings?
On my site, I grow other berry crops: 50 varieties of black currants, 20 varieties of large-fruited red currants, 30 varieties of raspberries, 25 varieties of strawberries. I sell seedlings only at home. For those who wish I will send the catalog in your envelope.
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Saplings of roses, fruit and ornamental plants, shrubs, grapes - Bratashenko Ivan Mikhailovich - 8-960-473-69-92 - very good seedlings.
10. There is a good nursery at 39, 40 years of Pobedy street (it is better to call in from the Russian one). there are also good prices, they are on their website. And the choice is not bad.
Garden center
11.
<Large strawberries . They start selling seedlings in the summer from mid-August, it is better to call beforehand. We also bought the main part from them.
trees and shrubs , everything bears fruit, all the trees are cultivated.
14. A man from the village of Severny is engaged in seedlings. Him
honeysuckle, currants and gooseberries ... 89180114695 in the evening Yuri Fedorovich. Honeysuckle fruits are large, oblong, blue (berries are about 2-3 cm long)
15. Garden Center Gavrish. G Krymsk.
At the state farm Agronomist (Agronom village in front of Dinskaya station) you can cheaply
buy apples by boxes
I would like to acquaint you with the experience of Mikhail Vasilyevich Gulenin in growing standard raspberry varieties. Standard raspberry (popular name - raspberry tree) is one of the newest promising areas of raspberry growing. The first plants of this type in our country were obtained in Moscow at the Institute of Horticulture VSTISP (1987) by Professor V.V. Kichina from crossing the standard-1 donor with the Stolichnaya variety. Since 1993, this is a new variety - the Tarusa raspberry tree, which has become a breakthrough in Russian agronomic science.
Standard raspberry (raspberry tree) Penguin At the end of the 90s, the standard variety Krepysh was obtained in VSTISP, in the early 2000s - Skazka.
Standard raspberry (raspberry tree) Tarusa Tarusa, Krepysh and Skazka are raspberry varieties of the standard non-repair type with a fruiting period in the Kuban from mid-June to mid-July.
Shoots of a raspberry tree (standard raspberry) are upright, stocky, up to 1.5 m high with dense wood and a non-sinking top, very similar to small, strong crimson trees. These qualities make it possible to grow such plants without special supports, trellises and garters, which significantly reduces the cost, makes it easier to care for the plantings, and allows them to be cultivated in the field. Fruit buds along the stem of a raspberry tree are very densely located every 1-2 cm, therefore, during flowering and fruiting, the plants look very elegant.
The people christened such a raspberry as a “raspberry tree”. Krepysh and Skazka varieties surpass Tarusa in berry quality. Ruby berries, large from 4 to 10 g, beautiful conical shape, dense, with good removability and transportability. Tarusa has light red berries, 4-8 g.
At the Kokinsky base of the VSTISP branch, under the leadership of Professor I.V. Kazakov, work was also carried out in this direction, but only on remontant raspberries. In 1994, scientists S.N. Evdokimenko and V.L. Kulagina obtained the first in Russia remontant variety of the standard type - Eurasia, derived from seeds from free pollination of interspecific remontant forms. As a variety, it has been multiplying since 2005.
A raspberry tree of the Eurasia variety has erect shoots up to 1.2 m, large, dark raspberry berries 4-5 g of conical shape, dense. The beginning of fruiting is the end of July, the collection of berries is extended for two months. Before winter, all stems are completely cut to the ground.
Young Shoot of Crimson Tree Penguin Later, the same scientists from the Kokinsky stronghold obtained a standard remontant variety Penguin, suitable for both manual harvesting and machine harvesting. The bushes are erect, non-sticking, the height of the bush is 1.1-1.3 m, the berries are dark crimson, round-conical, large 4-5 g, dense. This variety of raspberry tree is distinguished by its high keeping quality and transportability. After ripening, the fruits can hang for up to 5 days without losing quality. The beginning of fruiting in the Kuban is from mid-July. Fruiting is amicable until the end of August, fully yields the harvest. The second wave of harvest on late shoots from October to frost. All shoots of the Penguin raspberry tree are cut to ground level before winter.
Standard raspberries, like common raspberries, love well-lit areas with fertile, well-drained soil. For better lighting, it is advisable to place rows from south to north.
The soil must be prepared in advance (one month in advance). A strip 60 cm wide is being prepared, into which 2 buckets of humus, 150 g of nitroammophoska, and a glass of ash are introduced into 1 running meter. Dig up the earth on a shovel bayonet or loosen it with a motor-cultivator.
Standard raspberries (raspberry tree) can be planted from mid-September to late autumn, in spring from early March to late April, and even in winter, if soil and weather permits.
The seedlings are placed in one line 50 cm apart. Add 1 tablespoon of nitroammophoska to the dug hole, place a seedling of a raspberry tree, cover the roots with earth, trying to deepen the root collar by no more than 2-3 cm.Then the shoots are cut off above the ground, leaving 25-30 cm.The earth around the bush is mulched with humus, watered water at the rate of 5 liters per bush.
In the spring, against the spread of fungal and bacterial diseases, raspberry bushes must be treated in March with a 3% solution of Bordeaux liquid and in May, before flowering, with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid or 10 ml of topaz per 10 liters of water.
Great harm to plantings of a raspberry tree, as well as to other varieties of raspberries, is caused by a pebble mosquito. Gall midge causes great harm to the crop. Against her, young shoots during the mass flight of the mosquito are sprayed on about May 10 and 20 with one of the solutions: actelik or Bi-58 - 15 ml per 10 liters of water. The same treatment must be repeated at the end of July, when the second generation of the mosquito comes out.
Standard raspberries are also demanding on watering, especially during fruiting, so they must be carried out throughout the growing season after about 5-7 days (about 5 liters per bush). So that the earth does not dry out in summer, from the end of May the soil is mulched with a layer of up to 5 cm with rice husk or sunflower, mown grass, etc. In early spring (in March), a raspberry tree is fed with a solution of urea - 50 g per 10 l of water (enough for 3 bushes ) or infusion of chicken, mullein.
In May, before flowering, they are fed with a solution of nitroamofoski or nutrivant drip - 2 tbsp. l. Ten liters of water for 3 bushes.
A good effect is given by foliar dressing on the leaf once a month, starting from the moment of budding with solutions with a set of microelements "Ryazanochka for berry crops" - 1 tsp. 10 liters of water or "Nutrivant plus fruit" - 2 tbsp. l. 10 liters of water.
In unfavorable weather conditions (frost, heat, sunburn), mechanical damage, oppressed plants are sprayed with an anti-stress drug "Aminokat 30%" - 2 tbsp. l. 10 liters of water. At the end of July, from the standard varieties Tarusa, Krepysh, Skazka, only the shoots that have bearing fruit are cut out. At the end of September, the bushes are formed: 5-6 of the strongest shoots are left on 1 bush and the top is cut by 10-15 cm.
In the remontant varieties of the raspberry tree Penguin and Eurasia, which bear fruit on annual shoots from the end of July, the entire aerial part is removed before winter. Only the root hibernates. This allows you to improve the health of the bushes, avoid diseases, reduce the number of pests, and get a guaranteed harvest for the next year.
The interest of gardeners in the cultivation and cultivation of raspberries in the Kuban is constantly growing. Now, with the advent of standard varieties (raspberry tree), it becomes possible for farmers or farms to cultivate large areas of this crop without trellises and garters, which reduces labor costs. Malibi growing is one of the most promising areas in agriculture. With proper care, adherence to cultivation technology, gardeners and farmers can achieve high yields of this beautiful berry, which is always in demand in the markets of the Kuban.
When writing materials of the newspaper "Niva Kubani" with the supplement "Nivushka", 2014 were used.
