Sea buckthorn how to plant and grow from one branch without roots

Some summer residents give a low rating to such a tree as sea buckthorn. They argue that the berries of such a plant are tasteless and difficult to pick. The tree gives rise to dense growth, which is difficult to get rid of even after uprooting the sea buckthorn. However, this characteristic is inherent exclusively in wild varieties.

Garden sea buckthorn is characterized by completely opposite reviews. It produces sweet and sour tasty berries that do not burst in the hands during harvest. They are canned and added to various dishes. It is also a well-known medicinal plant. How to plant sea buckthorn, advice from experienced gardeners will help you figure it out. The step-by-step instructions for carrying out this process will be discussed in detail below.

general characteristics

Studying the question of how to plant sea buckthorn, first of all, you need to familiarize yourself with the main features of this plant. It lives in nature on the shores of seas and rivers. Sea buckthorn belongs to the Lokhovy family. Both undersized and tall varieties are cultivated. Their leaves are gray-gray in color. They are thin and sharp. Flowering occurs before leaves appear. This process is not highly decorative. It may even seem that these are not flowers, but small leaves.

Most often, gardeners grow buckthorn buckthorn. It is widespread throughout the world. The willow sea buckthorn is also cultivated. In nature, this species grows in the mountains of Nepal, India and southern China.

Sea buckthorn is considered a frost-resistant tree. How to plant and grow a plant depends on the conditions of the climatic zone. If during the cold period there are sharp changes in temperature, the tree may freeze a little. This is especially noticeable on the rudiments of male inflorescences.Productivity is directly dependent on environmental conditions. Fruiting occurs in the 4th year of the tree's growth.

Sea buckthorn loves sunlight. If it is not enough, seedlings develop poorly. During the fruiting period, sunlight stimulates high yields. Berries have a sweet and sour taste. In garden species, the fruits are medium to large in size. They can be orange, reddish, or yellow-orange. Berries are eaten raw, preserved, added to various dishes. They are used for making cosmetics and medicines. Sea buckthorn oil is especially appreciated. It is prescribed in a complex for the treatment of various ailments. The fruits enrich the body with vitamins and minerals.

Pollination features

Cultivated in gardens, sea buckthorn is divided into female and male trees. This means that such plants are pollinated when the wind blows. Therefore, it is important to have on the site not one, but several trees at once. It is also important to know at what distance to plant sea buckthorn. The seedlings should be close to each other. The distance between them should be between 5 and 10 m.

Determination of the sex of seedlings can be done in spring, autumn or winter. During this period, there are no leaves on the branches. Female kidneys are much smaller. They are covered with 2 scales. Male kidneys are large. They have about 5-7 scales covering the developing inflorescence.

One male plant can have from 1 to 8 female trees. It is important to assess which side the wind blows mostly in the spring. A male plant must be planted on this side. Female trees should be placed in a group on the site. They can surround the male sea buckthorn species. They can also be planted opposite.

Some gardeners claim that two male trees can be planted next to one female plant. This is due to the increased vulnerability of the latter to adverse weather conditions. Planting two plants increases the likelihood that at least one plant will survive. The female species are more hardy. Male trees can be very close to each other, literally at a distance of 1 m.

It is also important to consider what you can plant next to sea buckthorn. The female seedlings must be of good quality. Male trees can also be wild. However, to improve the quality of the harvest, it is recommended to plant next to the female type of sea buckthorn varieties Dear friend, Alei or Ural. They take root well in the climate near Moscow.

Boarding time

Some gardeners may have a question about when to plant sea buckthorn. In spring or autumn, this process is easier. However, the first days after the snow melts are considered the most correct period for planting. According to experienced gardeners, plants planted in the ground in spring take root better. In the autumn period, the root system does not have time to prepare for future cold weather. Thaws and severe frosts have a particularly negative effect on it. During this period, the tree begins to wake up from hibernation. With a sharp cold snap, it can freeze.

It is especially not recommended to plant in autumn plants not bred in this climatic zone. Otherwise, the sea buckthorn will be ready to wake up in January. The onset of frost can negatively affect its development.

Sea buckthorn seedlings may have an open root system when they are sold. When to plant such plants, the opinions of gardeners agree. They recommend doing this process as early as possible. In the first days of spring, sea buckthorn is required to be planted on the site.

The tree does not like transplants. If even an insignificant part of its roots is damaged, growth and development are noticeably slowed down. Therefore, early transplantation is indicated for young seedlings.

If sea buckthorn has been grown for more than a year in a container, you can plant it in open ground even in summer. In this case, the plant will easily endure the adaptation period.However, sea buckthorn, which grows in a tub for less than a year, is not recommended to be planted in open ground. In this case, it has not yet hardened its root system and may die.

Choosing a place for transfer

Having decided when it is better to plant sea buckthorn, you should consider the features of choosing a site for it. This should be a well-lit place. The tree is planted in the garden. It happens that he is given a place in the garden. This option is less preferable. The roots of the tree are shallow. Most of them are located at a level up to 40 cm underground.

The roots can grow far beyond the crown of the sea buckthorn. If vegetables are planted nearby in the garden, the tree can negatively affect their development. Also, the occurrence of roots close to the surface can lead to accidental damage to them when the owners decide to dig up the garden. The tree does not tolerate any root injuries.

Studying where it is better to plant sea buckthorn, you should give it a plot on the edge of the garden or vegetable garden. Here there is a minimal risk of damage to the roots of the shovel. And the tree itself will not interfere with the growth of other crops on the site.

It is better to choose a place in the garden for the sea buckthorn. Sea buckthorn feels good on light and fertile soils. Dislikes drought. The soil should be moist, but not waterlogged. Groundwater should not approach the surface closer than 1 m.

You should not plant plants where stone fruit trees grew recently. This will save the plant from diseases.

Recommendations for choosing a seedling

Considering where to plant sea buckthorn on the site, you need to pay attention to the choice of its seedlings. The quality of the crop and its abundance will depend on this. Experienced gardeners do not recommend purchasing seedlings from unfamiliar sellers. In this case, it cannot be guaranteed that a pure plant variety will be planted on the site.

It is best to purchase biennial plants for transplanting. They have 3 to 5 main roots. Their length should be about 20 cm. There should also be a sufficient number of small, secondary roots. The trunk of a biennial sea buckthorn usually reaches 35-50 cm. Its diameter is approximately 7 mm. Several shoots depart from the trunk.

The bark should not flake off. It is elastic, free from defects and scratches. If the wood has a brown tint, this indicates freezing of the plant. They are not worth purchasing. Such seedlings practically do not take root.

Transplanting an adult plant

Having considered where to plant sea buckthorn on the site, it is necessary to study the subtleties of this process. This plant is not cultivated by seeds. With this method of reproduction, varietal characteristics are lost. In this case, the fruits will not be so tasty, their collection will be difficult.

The transplant is carried out for cuttings or plants with root shoots. In the first version, the procedure can be carried out even in the fall. To transplant a tree with root shoots, you will have to show maximum patience and endurance. With such a transplant, it is extremely important not to harm the overgrowth.

Sea buckthorn roots can be several meters long. Therefore, digging them up for transplanting, it will not work at all not to damage the plant. To prevent the plant from wilting, when replanting the root system, aerial branches must also be partially pruned. In the current year, this will reduce the ability to bear fruit and develop rapidly. However, this method will save the strength of the plant.

To understand how to plant sea buckthorn in spring, you need to consider the recommendations that apply to almost all fruit plants. The diameter of the hole should be 50 cm, and the depth should be 40 cm. The root collar should be at the level of the ground shrinkage. It is not recommended to apply too much fertilizer. A bucket of compost and superphosphate is enough.

If the soil on the site has a high acidity, it must be calcified. For this, 500 g of slaked lime is used per 1 m² of area.For heavy loamy soils, increase air permeability. For this, the topsoil is mixed with humus and river sand in equal proportions. You can add 40 g of potassium salt and 250 g of superphosphate. After transplanting, the soil must be watered and mulched with a dry layer of earth.

Transplanting young cuttings

Sea buckthorn can also be transplanted with green young cuttings. This is a fairly effective way. In this case, it is also important to determine where to plant the sea buckthorn. It is recommended to place a ridge of young seedlings under the crown of an adult tree. Here they will not be exposed to direct sunlight. However, the process of propagation by cuttings begins with growing the shoot in greenhouse conditions.

The transplant process is recommended to be performed in the summer (early June). To do this, cut a stalk about 15 cm long. Three leaves from the bottom must be removed. Then the cut is recommended to be treated with a growth stimulator. Such solutions are available for sale in specialized stores. Some gardeners do not use it.

For the cutting, it is necessary to prepare a soil mixture, where it will be most advisable to plant sea buckthorn. For this, fertile soil is mixed with sand and peat. It is necessary to grow the plant in greenhouse conditions. The temperature should be around 28 ° C and the humidity should be 90%.

The stalk is regularly watered or sprayed with a spray bottle. When roots appear, you can feed the plant with mineral fertilizers. Then you can begin to gradually ventilate the greenhouse. After 2 months, the film can be removed completely. In the spring, matured cuttings are planted on the site.

Propagation by woody cuttings

Considering how to plant sea buckthorn in spring, another interesting way should be considered. Wood cuttings are also capable of taking root. They are prepared in autumn or winter. For this, several shoots are cut, the thickness of which exceeds 5 mm. So that they do not begin to develop ahead of time, seedling material is dropped in the snow.

In the spring, you can start the process of breeding sea buckthorn. Sections about 15 cm long are made from the blanks. They are kept in water for several days. If you leave the blanks here for 2 weeks, small roots will appear, buds will begin to form.

The cuttings must be planted in fertile soil. They are deepened by about 15 cm. A shoot with 2 buds should remain above the ground. The cuttings are grown in greenhouse conditions. The air temperature should be around 27 ° C. High humidity levels are maintained. When the plant is 50 cm in height, it is planted in open ground. Where to plant sea buckthorn on the site should be determined with the recommendations listed earlier.

It is necessary to plant cuttings at a distance of 10 cm from each other. The soil is well compacted and watered abundantly. By autumn, the roots of the plant will be able to strengthen and develop sufficiently. The plant will be able to overwinter.

other methods

Sea buckthorn can be propagated on the site by root shoots. This is one of the easiest ways. Such shoots appear on the tree 4-5 years after planting. To take offspring for transplant, they must be separated from the mother plant with a shovel. Plants are planted in the ground and kept in greenhouse conditions. They are watered, maintain a sufficiently high temperature and humidity. Before planting, sea buckthorn must be tempered. They ventilate it, weaning it off the greenhouse climate.

Further, having decided where to plant sea buckthorn, the shoot is planted in watered soil. By the fall, it will develop strong roots. During this period, you can transplant the plant to a permanent place of growth. However, this procedure is still recommended in the spring.

If the grower wishes to speed up the formation of offspring on the mother tree, he can prune the skeletal root. He is at some distance from the plant. The incision must remain open. Many offspring are formed here. By the second year, they have a developed root system.In the spring, they can be transplanted into a hole prepared in advance.

You can also graft cuttings to sea buckthorn. This process is most often done when a male tree has died. Cuttings of the opposite sex are grafted into the crown of a female plant. Literally in a year, the branches are developing well and will be able to pollinate the inflorescences. This method is also used with a limited area of ​​the site.

Further care

Having considered how to plant sea buckthorn, it is necessary to provide it with proper care in the future. In early spring, it is necessary to form the crown. At this time, the buds have not yet blossomed. The tops are cut off in the second year after transplantation.

After 4 years, the sea buckthorn needs pruning. Overgrown branches impede the development of the tree and reduce productivity. Therefore, when pruning, you should not spare even fruiting shoots. It is best to remove branches parallel to the trunk, as well as dry branches. After 8 years of growth, such a procedure is extremely necessary. This allows you to rejuvenate the tree, avoid its vulnerability and susceptibility to various diseases.

It is also recommended to carry out sanitary cleaning of sea buckthorn. Dry branches are removed from the branches, and then the various holes are covered. They also remove the fungus along with the affected branches, carry out treatment with special solutions. These simple steps allow you to grow sea buckthorn not only for economic, but also for decorative purposes. The tree will grow on the site for a long time, its yield will remain invariably high.

You should also pay attention to watering, timely feeding. Once every 2-3 years, it is necessary to apply 4 kg of organic fertilizers and 50 g of superphosphates under the sea buckthorn. In spring, a very small amount of nitrogen can be applied under the trunk every year. It is also recommended to make foliar dressing with a solution of urea (20 g) with water (10 l).

Having considered the basic recommendations on how to plant sea buckthorn, every gardener will be able to grow this beautiful tree on his site. The plant will delight both with its appearance and abundant harvests.

Every year sea buckthorn gives a high yield of berries, but in order for this to happen, you need to select high-quality seedlings and understand the features of caring for them. For planting, medium-sized seedlings are needed, obtained by cuttings. This makes it easier to distinguish between seedlings and coppice plants.

How to plant sea buckthorn

Pollination of sea buckthorn. Peculiarities

Sea buckthorn has male and female plant species, it is pollinated by the wind, so two seedlings should be planted close to each other. Distances of 5-10 m are enough for the plant to be well pollinated and bear fruit in the fall.

Correct planting of sea buckthorn

Female sea buckthorn plant

Sea buckthorn male plant

Gardeners advise planting one female plant and two male ones, since the male plant is more likely to die, and in general, two plants can pollinate a female seedling much better, there will be more berries, they will taste better. Male plants can be planted next to each other, at a distance of less than 1 m.

Choosing a variety of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn grade Chuiskaya

When is the best time to plant and transplant sea buckthorn?

Early spring is considered the most favorable time for plant transplantation, the earlier the better. She does not survive the winter well if the conditions are not the most favorable. For example, the thaw period has a negative effect on the shrub, the vegetation begins early in the sea buckthorn.

An earlier transplant is needed for plants with an open root system, as well as individuals that can damage or lose the root system or part of it during excavation.

It is better to plant sea buckthorn in spring

Planting a seedling from a container into the ground is an easier process, but only if the plant has existed in the container for a year or more. In this case, its root system is resistant to soil, it is hardened by not the best conditions and will perfectly “get over” the period after planting.

Even if you do not have the opportunity to plant sea buckthorn in the spring, then try to do it in the summer. Some people prefer the autumn period, after harvesting, but in this case, the root system of the plant simply does not have time to get stronger before the cold weather approaches. This could hurt him.

Biological features

Choosing a landing site

Sea buckthorn is planted in the garden or in the vegetable garden. If you plant plants in a vegetable garden, you need to be careful not to get too close to the planting area of ​​vegetables. The garden soil is not quite suitable for this type of shrubs, and the sea buckthorn itself, with its roots branching many meters around itself underground, can cause damage to plantings. They do not lie very deep, only 20-30 cm deep, which makes the root system easy to damage. Sea buckthorn does not tolerate root injuries, it begins to hurt.

Seabuckthorn seedling in the garden

Important: Plant the plant in a place where you will not need to work and dig up the soil around it. Most often, sea buckthorn is allocated a plot at the edge of a garden or vegetable garden - near a fence or next to buildings.

It is also necessary to monitor whether the plant receives enough light. You should not plant it in a place where the sun does not fall, sea buckthorn needs light, darkened places do not suit it.

Sea buckthorn grows well in the sun

How to transplant an adult sea buckthorn?

Planting sea buckthorn is a simple process, since in its structure it has almost no differences from other fruit plants. Some gardeners like to use a lot of fertilizers, which does not in the best way affect the life of the plant in the future. Do not overdo it with organic and mineral fertilizers, a bucket of compost will be enough (for transplanting, if you are planting a young seedling, then this will be a lot), superphosphate (if the soil in your area has the ability to acidify, then use double superphosphate).

Superphosphate double granular

If desired, you can use a compound fertilizer, although this is not the most useful option.

When transplanting sea buckthorn from one place to another, it is necessary to carefully dig out the main part of its roots. Since they are very long, several meters in length, it is unlikely that it will be possible to dig up the plant without damaging the roots at all. So that in a new place the sea buckthorn takes root better and does not start to fade due to a damaged root system, it is worth cutting off part of the above-ground area of ​​the plant. Of course, this will reduce her ability to bear fruit this year, but in the future such a measure will be useful.

Root system

Planting young seedlings

Sea buckthorn - propagation by green cuttings

If the plant is already large and has many branches on the sides, then they can be removed, thus making life easier for the tree. Leave only the main trunk, it will quickly overgrow with new branches.

Sea buckthorn: landing

Planting sea buckthorn

It is ideal to plant sea buckthorn at a distance of 1-1.5 m from the border of the site, the rows between the bushes of the sea buckthorn should be 2x2 m.The pit for planting should be 30-40 cm deep and 50 cm in diameter.The bottom of the hole should be laid out with broken brick, a shell and crushed stone, the layer should be about 10 cm. On top of this layer you need to pour fertile soil, and above - fertilizers (do not overdo it).

Landing scheme

A young seedling must be at least two years old. It is worth planting it straight, it is best to first place a stake in the pit, which will serve as the basis for the correct installation of the seedling. If the tree is initially planted incorrectly, then later the trunk may bend very strongly, which will lead to the fact that the tree may be damaged in the future.

A newly planted tree should be watered abundantly and the soil should be compacted at its base.

Young sea buckthorn plant, 1 month after planting

Sea buckthorn: propagation by root suckers

How is sea buckthorn fertilized?

After planting itself, you do not need to be zealous, fertilizing the soil.At this time, the plant needs rest, and unnecessary actions can disturb it. Make sure that the sun is enough, clear the land around the sea buckthorn from weeds, the rest will be done by nature.

Sea buckthorn plantation

If your plant is already several years old, then there are certain fertilization and feeding patterns for sea buckthorn.

Some people are used to liming the soil before planting sea buckthorn, the dosage of lime depends entirely on the type of soil in your garden. But for all plants there are certain norms of nutrients that they must receive regularly.

We fertilize the soil according to the scheme

There is a scheme for fertilizing the soil in accordance with the goals of obtaining a certain amount of fruit.

Up to 60 kg	30	90	45
60 to 100 kg	90	120	75
More than 100 kg	90	150	110

An excellent way to fertilize sea buckthorn in spring and autumn is with a garden drill. With this device, holes are made 40 cm deep, between the roots of the tree. In this case, the distance from the trunk should be equal to 1 m. The hole is covered with pebbles and gravel, after which fertilizers can be supplied through it and filled with water. Thus, the minerals will seep much deeper into the ground, due to which the plant will be fed and filled with energy.

Top dressing

There are certain rules for using different types of fertilizer for sea buckthorn.

1. Phosphate-potassium fertilizers it is customary to use it in the autumn, next to the active roots of the tree. If your garden is not very large, then, most likely, the accumulation of active roots is located at the trunk of the sea buckthorn.

   Phosphate-potassium fertilizers

2. Nitrogen fertilizers are used every year, but they need to be distributed in parts. 2/3 of the main amount must be distributed in the spring, and the rest after the flowering of the sea buckthorn.

   Nitrogen fertilizers

3. Sawdust and sand. These fertilizers are also applied annually, maybe even twice, loamy places are selected and the soil is additionally loosened - this way fertilizers penetrate into the ground faster and better.
4. Foliar dressing... It is best to spray the leaves with an ash solution. To determine if the solution has been created correctly, it is worth sprinkling a few leaves on them and waiting. With the correct proportions, the leaves should not change their shape.

   Foliar dressing

Important: Phosphorus is necessary for sea buckthorn more than other substances, since it helps the formation of nodule bacteria that form on the roots.

Females require more care and, accordingly, they should allocate more fertilizer. Male plants are more unpretentious, they can grow in dark areas, in dry soil, and so on. But this does not mean that they do not need care - they do, but it can be less thorough.

Fertilizing sea buckthorn

Video - Secrets and subtleties of growing sea buckthorn

Further care of the plant

In the spring, before the first buds bloom, you need to form sea buckthorn bushes, giving them the desired shape, cutting off unnecessary branches. This should be done a year or two after planting, since the aerial part of the tree during this period is already well formed.

More attention should be paid to 4-5 year old trees. During this period, there is no need to spare the fruit-bearing branches, the excess weight of the aboveground part interferes with the tree. It is best to remove shoots that grow parallel to the trunk, and it is also imperative to prune dry branches.

Shaping and pruning

In older plants that bear fruit for 8 years or more, a period of diseases may begin, the branches dry out, and the fruits become less strong, which can lead to a pest attack on the plant. There are anti-aging pruning techniques that can help bring sea buckthorn back to normal and return it to its former fertility.

Interesting: in some areas, sea buckthorn is grown not for fruit, but for decorative purposes, therefore, branches are pruned regularly, because they give it the necessary shape, which can be either round or angular.

It is worth carrying out sanitary cleaning of sea buckthorn annually.It includes covering up various holes, cleaning dry branches and leaves, getting rid of the fungus. If the fungus has damaged most of the shrub, then it must be cut out and completely processed.

Mary grade

Picking sea buckthorn berries - shearing with scissors

Picking sea buckthorn berries

Video - How to properly cut and shape sea buckthorn in the garden

Sea buckthorn fell in love with many gardeners for its medicinal properties. Many novice gardeners grow sea buckthorn from purchased seedlings. As a rule, it is quite difficult to find quality planting material.

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant, this means that it is capable of being a male or female plant, therefore, the trees must be planted together in order to obtain a quality harvest.

Breeding methods for sea buckthorn

The useful sea buckthorn is loved by many gardeners. For now many different varieties have been bred.

To increase the number of trees, it is not at all necessary to purchase a seedling in a nursery, since there are many ways to reproduce sea buckthorn.

There are several ways to breed sea buckthorn:

• undergrowth;
• layering;
• seeds;
• lignified and green cuttings.

Every gardener shaves the best option for myself. Let's take a closer look at each of these methods.

Undergrowth

For those gardeners who want quickly propagate sea buckthorn bushes, the overgrowth reproduction method should be taken into account.

The planting material is shoots, get it by traumatizing the sea buckthorn roots with a shovel... Also, damage can happen unintentionally, as the sea buckthorn roots cover long distances.

Then dilute the mound (next spring), you need to do this carefully, with your hands, then separate the offspring from the root with a horizontal movement of the knife, by that time it will have acquired its own roots.

After which it must be transplanted (the place is prepared in the fall). In the future, it is necessary to regularly feed the plant and water it systematically.

If you need to quickly propagate the sea buckthorn bush, take into account the growth propagation method

Lignified cuttings

The preparation of lignified cuttings is carried out in November., having chosen suitable cuttings of at least 5 mm thick, they must be hidden in the snow. At the onset of spring, the cuttings are cut, the main length of the cuttings after pruning is 20 cm.

Then they must be soaked in water.... The cuttings can be left in water for two weeks, during which time the buds have time to bloom, small rudiments of roots appear.

Preparation of the site for planting is carried out in advance. During the autumn digging, up to 9 kg of humus per 1 m is introduced into the soil. In the spring, a second digging is carried out and the place for planting is carefully leveled.

The bed must be at least 1 meter wide, it should not be too high, some even trample paths on the sides so that the ridge protrudes slightly above the territory.

When the soil temperature reaches 5 degrees, planting cuttings... Leaving several buds on the surface, the cuttings are plentifully watered, after which the soil is mulched with fertilizer.

Before planting, lignified cuttings are soaked in water, planted in the soil, leaving several buds above the surface

After the cuttings are planted, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the soil almost daily, its moisture, long cuttings are watered every 4 days, short cuttings - every day.

Some seedlings reach standard sizes by the end of the season, and already next year in the spring, you can transplant to a permanent place.

Saplings whose roots have reached 20 cm, the height of the aboveground part is 50 cm, and the neck diameter is 8 mm, are ready for transplantation.

The advantages of this method:

• the method does not require special skills and is suitable for amateur gardeners;
• the result in the form of a clone of the mother plant can also be considered an advantage.

Flaws: cuttings do not take root well at low air humidity.

Green cuttings

This type of reproduction of sea buckthorn carried out from June to July... First of all, cuttings are cut (10 cm), for this you need a sharp knife. Then make the lower cut and the upper one.

For good rooting, cuttings must be treated with growth substance, you can use heteroauxin proportions: 1 tablet per 1 liter of water.

After 16 hours, the cuttings must be rinsed and planted in the soil, and then covered with foil or a jar. It is best if the soil is light, the most suitable type of soil is peat... Cuttings must be deepened by 4 cm.

Watering is carried out using a fine sieve. It is necessary to control the condition of the soil under the cuttings and leaves - it must always be moistened.

To protect cuttings from a disease called black leg, it is necessary to water them with a solution containing potassium permanganate.

The film or jar is removed from the cuttings after they have taken root... The cuttings are transferred to a permanent place a year after they have taken root.

Advantages: one hundred percent survival rate.

Flaws: quite a laborious process, more suitable for experienced gardeners.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn by green cuttings has an essential plus - 100% survival rate, however, the process is laborious, suitable for experienced gardeners

How to propagate by dividing the bush

To this kind of reproduction usually resorted to when transplanting a plant from one place to another.

Favorable time for the procedure - early spring or late autumn, but before the frost hits.

The bushes are dug up, all old branches are cut off, leaving only healthy ones. Shaking excess pieces of soil from the roots, divide the bush into parts using a garden pruner.

When dividing the bush, it is necessary to control the presence of a healthy root system in each part of the bush. The seedling must have developed roots, old rhizomes are removed, everything else needs to be trimmed.

Sea buckthorn can be propagated by dividing the bush; it is preferable to do this in early spring or late autumn, before frost

Layers

This method is loved by many beginners. in horticulture as it is effective in growing quality seedlings.

Reproduction by layering is carried out as follows: take the lowest branch of the sea buckthorn and press it tightly and stick it to the ground, leaving the tip of the branch on the surface. Then it is abundantly sprinkled with humus and maintains moisture during the summer.

By the fall, each stem produces several shoots. With the onset of spring, the strongest specimens are selected and planted in a permanent place.

Advantages such a method are as follows:

• all biological characteristics of the shrub are transferred;
• good rooting.

Of the shortcomings the following can be distinguished: a few annual shoots, the trunk of a fruiting tree is bare.

The method of reproduction of sea buckthorn by layering gives high-quality seedlings, which subsequently take root well

Seeds

Seed propagation is the easiest way. With this type of reproduction, the properties of the variety do not pass to the seedlings, in addition, more than half of the seedlings are male.

Seed propagation in stages:

1. Seed collection from high-quality and healthy sea buckthorn bushes. Seeds are obtained by the following method: the fruits are crushed, the juice, pulp are separated and washed several times with water through a calico, after which they are left to dry in the shade. After drying, the seeds are separated from the pulp and skin.
2. After harvesting, it is necessary to provide the seeds safe storage... Seeds placed in a paper bag should be kept in a dry and warm room.
3. Sowing... Under suitable conditions, sea buckthorn seeds are able to retain their properties for 3 years.You can sow seeds in the spring, as well as in the fall. From many tree species, sea buckthorn seeds are cast by the fact that they do not have a dormant period, they germinate after harvest and when stored dry. Seeds of sea buckthorn are sown before frost, in early November. It is not recommended to sow earlier, as the seeds germinate very quickly, which can lead to freezing of the seedlings. When sowing in spring, the seeds are usually stratified.

Late autumn sowing differs from spring sowing in that it ensures the germination of all seeds at the same time. Seedlings fall in April, before the onset of heat, the root system has time to form.

Best time to plant: fall or spring?

Sea buckthorn is difficult to tolerate cold winters, the growing season can begin very early.

Planting or transplanting is best done in early spring.... For seedlings with an open systemic root, this is extremely important, since during the transplanting process, the plant loses part of the roots.

In the case when the seedling is in the container for a long time (more than 1 year), the transplanting task is simplified. You can transplant a plant from a container at any time of the year.

It is still worth focusing on summer and spring., since in this case the seedling will have time to build up a good root system before winter, which will make it easier to endure frosts.

Each method has its own characteristics and advantages. Some methods cannot be implemented without certain experience and equipment.

Beginners should focus on simpler methods. reproduction of sea buckthorn, and with the acquisition of the skill to move to a more complex level, and then the result in the form of beautiful, fruiting trees will not keep you waiting.

Agrotechnics of sea buckthorn:

6 best ways to breed sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn fell in love with many gardeners for its medicinal properties. Many novice gardeners grow sea buckthorn from purchased seedlings. As a rule, it is quite difficult to find quality planting material.

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant, this means that it is capable of being a male or female plant, therefore, the trees must be planted together in order to obtain a quality harvest.

The useful sea buckthorn is loved by many gardeners. For now many different varieties have been bred.

To increase the number of trees, it is not at all necessary to purchase a seedling in a nursery, since there are many ways to reproduce sea buckthorn.

There are several ways to breed sea buckthorn:

• undergrowth;
• layering;
• seeds;
• lignified and green cuttings.

Every gardener shaves the best option for myself. Let's take a closer look at each of these methods.

For those gardeners who want quickly propagate sea buckthorn bushes, the overgrowth reproduction method should be taken into account.

The planting material is shoots, get it by traumatizing the sea buckthorn roots with a shovel... Also, damage can happen unintentionally, since the roots of the sea buckthorn cover long distances.

Then dilute the mound (next spring), you need to do this carefully, with your hands, then separate the offspring from the root with a horizontal movement of the knife, by that time it will have acquired its own roots.

After which it must be transplanted (the place is prepared in the fall). In the future, it is necessary to regularly feed the plant and water it systematically.

If you need to quickly propagate a sea buckthorn bush, take into account the growth propagation method

The preparation of lignified cuttings is carried out in November. , having chosen suitable cuttings of at least 5 mm thick, they must be hidden in the snow. At the onset of spring, the cuttings are cut, the main length of the cuttings after pruning is 20 cm.

Then they must be soaked in water.... The cuttings can be left in water for two weeks, during which time the buds have time to bloom, small rudiments of roots appear.

Preparation of the site for planting is carried out in advance. During the autumn digging, up to 9 kg of humus per 1 m is introduced into the soil. In the spring, a second digging is carried out and the place for planting is carefully leveled.

The bed must be at least 1 meter wide, it should not be too high, some even trample paths on the sides so that the ridge protrudes slightly above the territory.

When the soil temperature reaches 5 degrees, planting cuttings... Leaving several buds on the surface, the cuttings are plentifully watered, after which the soil is mulched with fertilizer.

Before planting, lignified cuttings are soaked in water, planted in the soil, leaving several buds above the surface

After the cuttings are planted, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the soil, its moisture, long cuttings are watered every 4 days, short cuttings - every day.

Some seedlings reach standard sizes by the end of the season, and already next year in the spring, you can transplant to a permanent place.

Saplings whose roots have reached 20 cm, the height of the aboveground part is 50 cm, and the neck diameter is 8 mm, are ready for transplantation.

The advantages of this method:

• the method does not require special skills and is suitable for amateur gardeners;
• the result in the form of a clone of the mother plant can also be considered an advantage.

Flaws: cuttings do not take root well at low air humidity.

This type of reproduction of sea buckthorn carried out from June to July... First of all, cuttings are cut (10 cm), for this you need a sharp knife. Then the lower cut and the upper one are made.

For good rooting, cuttings must be treated with growth substance, you can use heteroauxin proportions: 1 tablet per 1 liter of water.

After 16 hours, the cuttings must be rinsed and planted in the soil, and then covered with foil or a jar. It is best if the soil is light, the most suitable type of soil is peat... Cuttings must be deepened by 4 cm.

Watering is carried out using a fine sieve. It is necessary to control the condition of the soil under the cuttings and leaves - it must always be moistened.

To protect cuttings from a disease called black leg, it is necessary to water them with a solution containing potassium permanganate.

The film or jar is removed from the cuttings after they have taken root... The cuttings are transferred to a permanent place a year after they have taken root.

Advantages: one hundred percent survival rate.

Flaws: quite a laborious process, more suitable for experienced gardeners.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn by green cuttings has an essential plus - 100% survival rate, however, the process is laborious, suitable for experienced gardeners

To this kind of reproduction usually resorted to when transplanting a plant from one place to another.

Favorable time for the procedure - early spring or late autumn, but before the frost hits.

The bushes are dug up, all old branches are cut off, leaving only healthy ones. Shaking excess pieces of soil from the roots, divide the bush into parts using a garden pruner.

When dividing the bush, it is necessary to control the presence of a healthy root system in each part of the bush. The seedling must have developed roots, old rhizomes are removed, everything else needs to be trimmed.

Sea buckthorn can be propagated by dividing the bush; it is preferable to do this in early spring or late autumn, before frost

This method is loved by many beginners. in horticulture as it is effective in growing quality seedlings.

Reproduction by layering is carried out as follows: take the lowest branch of the sea buckthorn and press it tightly and stick it to the ground, leaving the tip of the branch on the surface. Then it is abundantly sprinkled with humus and maintains moisture during the summer.

By the fall, each stem produces several shoots.With the onset of spring, the strongest specimens are selected and planted in a permanent place.

Advantages such a method are as follows:

• all biological characteristics of the shrub are transferred;
• good rooting.

Of the shortcomings the following can be distinguished: a few annual shoots, the trunk of a fruiting tree is bare.

The method of reproduction of sea buckthorn by layering gives high-quality seedlings, which subsequently take root well

Seeds

Seed propagation is the easiest way. With this type of reproduction, the properties of the variety do not pass to the seedlings, in addition, more than half of the seedlings are male.

Seed propagation in stages:

1. Seed collection from high-quality and healthy sea buckthorn bushes. Seeds are obtained by the following method: the fruits are crushed, the juice, pulp are separated and washed several times with water through a calico, after which they are left to dry in the shade. After drying, the seeds are separated from the pulp and skin.
2. After harvesting, it is necessary to provide the seeds safe storage... Seeds placed in a paper bag should be kept in a dry and warm room.
3. Sowing... Under suitable conditions, sea buckthorn seeds are able to retain their properties for 3 years. You can sow seeds in the spring, as well as in the fall. From many tree species, sea buckthorn seeds are cast by the fact that they do not have a dormant period, they germinate after harvest and when stored dry. Seeds of sea buckthorn are sown before frost, in early November. It is not recommended to sow earlier, as the seeds germinate very quickly, which can lead to freezing of the seedlings. When sowing in spring, the seeds are usually stratified.

Late autumn sowing differs from spring sowing in that it ensures the germination of all seeds at the same time. Seedlings fall in April, before the onset of heat, the root system has time to form.

Sea buckthorn is difficult to tolerate cold winters, the growing season can begin very early.

Planting or transplanting is best done in early spring.... For seedlings with an open systemic root, this is extremely important, since during the transplantation process the plant loses part of the roots.

In the case when the seedling is in the container for a long time (more than 1 year), the transplanting task is simplified. You can transplant a plant from a container at any time of the year.

It is still worth focusing on summer and spring., since in this case the seedling will have time to build up a good root system before winter, which will make it easier to endure frosts.

Each method has its own characteristics and advantages. Some methods cannot be implemented without certain experience and equipment.

Beginners should focus on simpler methods. reproduction of sea buckthorn, and with the acquisition of the skill to move to a more complex level and then the result in the form of beautiful, fruit-bearing trees will not keep you waiting.

Agrotechnics of sea buckthorn:

Reproduction of sea buckthorn by cuttings - quick receipt of planting material

Reproduction of sea buckthorn by cuttings is the most common way to obtain seedlings of this type. There are other methods, but they are more time consuming. Let's get acquainted with the secrets of successful cultivation of this amazingly useful plant.

Sea buckthorn is a storehouse of vitamins

Sea buckthorn is a very useful and valuable plant. If you have a fruit-bearing tree in your garden, then a supply of vitamins and a reliable protector against diseases are provided to you. Berries contain a large amount of vitamins, acetylsalicylic and stearic acids, fat-soluble alpha and beta carotenes and a large percentage of healthy oils.

At the same time, the berries taste very good, and even for children, combining business with pleasure will become an easy task.

Sea buckthorn berries are healthy and tasty

Therefore, for every person who has a personal plot, the question of how garden sea buckthorn reproduces is very relevant. Let's consider it in more detail.

Breeding methods for sea buckthorn

There are many ways to breed sea buckthorn:

• Reproduction by seeds.
• Getting seedlings from root suckers.
• Division of the bush.
• Propagation by cuttings.

Propagation by seeds Lignified cuttings Green cuttings Obtaining seedlings from root suckers

Let's describe each of them.

Sea buckthorn propagates by seed in the fall from ripe fruits. The resulting seeds are sown in the ground, lightly sprinkling with earth. In the spring, it is also possible to sow fruit seeds, but they must stay at a temperature close to zero, we can say to go through a kind of winter hardening.

After 2-3 years, you will receive a seedling for planting. The disadvantage of this method is the loss of varietal qualities in the first generation.

• Obtaining seedlings from root suckers and cuttings

A complete plant can be obtained from the root process. The main thing is to take into account that the mother tree is not grafted. Otherwise, you will lose the variety of the plant.

Rules for cutting root shoots

If the plant is not grafted, then when shoots appear from the root, they are carefully dug up and planted in a permanent place.

It is also possible to independently make layering, which, when rooting, will easily be used as planting material. First, they prepare the ground for layering by digging it up and adding fertilizer. It is better to do this on thawed soil in the spring.

The selected branches are lowered into the grooves, sprinkled with earth on top, secured with hairpins. You can use horizontal and arcuate layering. The horizontal method allows you to get several shoots from one branch. With the arcuate method, rooting occurs once and the seedling with a cut will also be one.

Reproduction using layering

When sprouts of 10-12 cm appear, they are sprinkled with earth or humus for better nutrition and root formation. Re-dusting is carried out after 2-3 weeks.

It is advisable to separate the rooted layers next spring, but it is also possible in the fall.

It is advisable to divide the bush when transplanting the entire plant to a new place. Then the bush can be divided and new seedlings can be obtained. The division can be carried out before the buds swell in the spring, or a month before the onset of frost.

The bush is carefully dug up, all dry or diseased branches are cut off. Having shaken off the soil from the roots, division is carried out with an ax or a sharp shovel, given that the new plant should have at least 2-3 healthy strong shoots and a developed root system.

Sea buckthorn planting rules Adding humus to the soil will benefit the plant

New vitamin trees are planted in prepared pits, leveled with earth and watered abundantly. Adding humus and nutrients will benefit them.

Methods for grafting sea buckthorn

Let's talk about this method especially. This type of reproduction of sea buckthorn is especially common, since it allows you to get high-quality planting material quickly and with the preservation of all varietal characteristics, as in a nursery. Propagation is separated by green and lignified cuttings.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn in this way allows you to preserve all the useful and taste properties of the plant and its fruits. It is applied everywhere

• Propagation by lignified cuttings

Lignified cuttings are cut branches of a plant that has fallen into hibernation. They are harvested in the cold season, best of all in November, cutting off branches more than 5 mm thick with a pruner. Placed in a cool room and store until spring.

In the spring, they are cut to a length of 18-20 cm, placed in water for two to three days. Then for 20 hours the branches are kept in a solution of a means of promoting the formation of roots. Already during this time, bud opening and root formation can begin. So it's time to plant them.

Sea buckthorn cuttings

An indicator of planting time is a soil temperature of at least 10 degrees at a depth of 8-10 cm. Planting is carried out on light soils, which are prepared in the fall.It is imperative to add humus, which will become a very good fertilizer over the winter. For heavy soils, sand is introduced.

The bed should not be very high to maintain the necessary moisture during the growth of the shoots. In the spring, the bed is dug up, and the rooted cuttings are planted in the soil. At least 1-2 buds should remain above the ground. Plantings are abundantly watered and mulched.

It is important to keep the soil moist throughout the season. This favors the development of the root system and the growth of the seedling. It is possible that some of the cuttings will reach the size required for planting in a permanent place.

Rooting cuttings

These indicators are:

1. Root length 20 cm or more.
2. More than 50 cm above the ground.
3. The diameter of the root collar is about 10 mm.

They need to be transplanted in the spring. The rest of the trees are left until next season.

• Propagation by green cuttings

Green cuttings are taken from a plant that is in an active stage of life. This warm season is summer. It is better to take planting material from non-fertile plants, because the sap and strength of the tree did not go into the fruit.

For the formation of roots on green cuttings, you need to use a greenhouse. The land in it must also be prepared in a certain way. For this, a layer of gravel 10-15 cm is poured, then a layer of fertile soil and a mixture of peat with sand.

Green cuttings

At the same time, the cuttings themselves are prepared:

• cut off processes 10-15 cm long;
• remove the lower leaves;
• tied by launches;
• the means for the formation of roots are placed in the solution;
• planting in a greenhouse bed is carried out after 12-15 hours.

In order for the rooting of cuttings to go well, it is important to observe the humidity in the greenhouse in the region of 90-100% and the temperature not lower than 30 degrees.

Humidity in a greenhouse with cuttings should be 90-100%

Moisture is maintained by regular spraying. Shading from the sun will benefit the seedlings.

The first roots should appear 15 days after planting the branches. At this stage, abundant watering is performed every 12 hours and the greenhouse film is gradually opened. And after about 30 days, the film is completely removed.

Fertilizers during this period will provoke active root growth and the development of the future tree itself. Potassium-phosphorus supplements will suit the taste of cuttings.

Before the onset of frost, the seedlings are insulated with straw, and when snow appears, they are thrown at them intensively.

Planting in a new place is carried out if the plant meets the required parameters (as is the case with lignified cuttings). Some cuttings can grow to this size by spring. Then they are carefully transplanted to a permanent place, and the rest of the cuttings are left to grow for another year.

Thus, we examined the main ways to answer the question - how to propagate a sea buckthorn plant. These techniques require very little experience and careful care.

Five ways to breed sea buckthorn

Everyone knows how useful and decorative sea buckthorn is. However, its berries are not always tasty, and the trees are thornless. Currently, many wonderful varieties have been bred that many gardeners would like to have on their site.

Sometimes there is a desire to multiply a certain variety, increase the number of trees or renew plantings. To do this, it is not at all necessary to go to a garden plant nursery and buy a seedling there. There are so many simple breeding options for sea buckthorn that it is a sin not to use them.

Especially when varietal trees grow and bear fruit nearby, and the neighbors are ready to give as much growth as they want and cut off a branch for further grafting.

1. Reproduction of sea buckthorn by shoots

It is best to take shoots that do not grow under the mother tree, but at a distance of more than 1.5 meters. Then she already acquired, albeit small, but her own root system. Along the way, the site will be cleared of many shoots growing at a distance from adult trees, littering the flower garden, vegetable garden and even the greenhouse.

Some young and adult varietal trees have little overgrowth. Its growth is also constrained by the specific conditions of the site. With a shortage of planting material, each shoot has to be nursed, spudding it and watering it regularly. This increases the chances of obtaining sea buckthorn seedlings with a well-developed root lobe.

2. Reproduction of sea buckthorn by layering

With this method of reproduction, a young tree with bent low-lying branches often becomes a mother plant. You need to choose a suitable branch with good growth.

It is bent down and pinned to the ground (preferably in a shallow groove). After that, sprinkle with earth. Several times I did it easier: I put a plank on the bend of the twig, which I pressed down with a cobblestone on top.

Under such a pressure, the layering took root perfectly.

It is better to plant layers in the spring... Previously, it is separated from the bent branch of the mother plant, after which it is dug out with regrown roots. Then they are planted in a permanent place or in a school for growing.

3. Reproduction of sea buckthorn seeds

This method of reproduction allows you to develop new varieties and get resistant zoned seedlings. They can be further used as rootstocks.

Unfortunately, many trees grown from seeds turn out to be deteriorated variants of the mother plant, because they lose their best varietal characteristics.

Quite often spiny sea buckthorn grows with small berries and with a predominance (up to 70%) of male plants.

Sea buckthorn seeds are well preserved in dried berries and peeled from the pulp. Their germination rate does not decrease for two years. The best sowing time is spring (from late April).

It is desirable after preliminary stratification within 30 - 40 days at temperatures from 0 to + 5 ° С. I amicably sprouting sea buckthorn seeds, extracted from berries, covered with sugar.

I kept the jars with them in a cool basement.

In good conditions, the first shoots appear within a week, mass germination of seeds begins in 10 - 14 days. Shading seedlings and protecting them from birds are important conditions for growing sea buckthorn from seeds. IN mid June seedlings can be transplanted to a permanent place or to a school. An elongated taproot is pinched to develop a fibrous root system.

Sowing of sea buckthorn seeds is possible late autumn (late November) before the onset of frost. They are sown in grooves, so as not only not to lose seedlings, but also to simplify the process of caring for them until the moment of transplantation.

4. Reproduction of sea buckthorn by lignified and green cuttings

Breeding method woody cuttings very simple. Even an inexperienced amateur gardener can handle it. Cuttings preparation time - late autumn (November - early December) and early spring (late March - early April).

Later in the spring, at the time of bud swelling, the cuttings hardly take root. Two-year lignified growths are chosen, because stronger trees grow from them than from annual growths. The length of the cut branches is 30 - 40 cm, the thickness is 6 - 8 mm. It is better not to take thinner branches.

Cuttings 15 - 20 cm long are cut from the shoots, tied into bundles, wrapped with cloth and placed in a plastic bag with snow.

The package is lowered into a pre-prepared hole or placed in the place where snow begins to accumulate at the very beginning of winter, and then a snowdrift forms. As a safety net, you can cover the bag with dry leaves or spruce branches.

I know a gardener who thinks that the best place to preserve cuttings in the winter is ... a humus heap.

In the spring cuttings are planted, after holding them in clean warm water for three days. The water is changed from time to time. You can use drugs that promote rooting.

With any planting of sea buckthorn cuttings (vertical or with a slight slope) 2 - 3 buds should remain above the ground, most of the cuttings are underground. Humidity of air and soil plays a huge role in rooting.When planting in spring, a shoot 20-60 cm long grows by autumn.

Sea buckthorn, grown from a lignified cuttings, begins to bear fruit already in the third year.

Green cuttings take root if you create a number of conditions for them (spraying moisture, sterile and loose composition of the soil mixture, the top layer of a layer of washed sand, root formation stimulants, etc.). The timing of green cuttings is also important. For the Moscow region - from the second half of Juneuntil mid-July.

5. Reproduction of sea buckthorn by grafting

Is it worth vaccinating if sea buckthorn so easily reproduces in other ways? Of course, yes. Grafting allows you to graft a stalk from a male plant to a female tree, rather than planting a new sea buckthorn. In addition, it is this method that allows a particular variety to be grown on a viable rootstock.

Some gardeners believe that it is better to vaccinate. in early springbefore the start of sap flowothers are waiting the end of flowering mature trees. My friends gardeners-summer residents claim that in the Moscow and adjacent regions the best time to inoculate sea buckthorn is first half of May.

There are different ways of grafting sea buckthorn. Here is a description of one of them. First of all, you need to tackle the stock. For this, the stem of two-year-old seedlings is cut back to growth 1.5 - 2 cm above the level of the root collar. Of the growing shoots about 10 cm high, the strongest is selected.

The rest are cut or neatly broken off. The abandoned shoot grows all summer. At the same time, its height growth is inhibited, while it thickens. The lower part (at a height of about 13-15 cm) of the left shoot is regularly cleaned of lateral branches.

This is required so that an even, smooth stem is formed by the time of vaccination next year in the spring.

In the spring of the third year of life the seedling has a height of 50 - 60 cm and a stem diameter of 5 - 9 mm. Cuttings 7 - 9 cm long are grafted at a height of 8 - 10 cm from the root collar by the method of improved copulation. They take root more easily than when grafted into the root collar. Vaccination, done at a height of 30 - 40 cm, is fraught with the further appearance of numerous wild shoots and abundant growth.

Interestingly, the survival rate of cuttings taken from female trees is higher than from male trees.

Growing sea buckthorn: secrets and subtleties

In recent years growing sea buckthorn more and more attracts the attention of amateur gardeners. You don't need special knowledge to grow sea buckthorn.

Sea buckthorn fruits have a pleasant peculiar taste, have high nutritional value and many useful properties, which are due to a large set of mineral and aromatic substances.

Sea buckthorn fruits contain vitamins C, K, A, B1, B2, B9, E, PP, as well as a large amount of trace elements, including magnesium, manganese, iron, sulfur, boron, titanium, aluminum.

A very tasty peculiar jam is prepared from its fruits, rubbed with sugar, and a very valuable oil is prepared from it, which is used in the treatment of burns.

Sea buckthorn is of two types: a tree up to 5 meters high or a dioecious deciduous shrub, pollinated by the wind. Her female and male flowers are located on different bushes. It begins to bloom in early spring, almost simultaneously with the appearance of leaves.

Sea buckthorn, like honeysuckle, reproduces in different ways: by seeds, green and lignified cuttings, layering and root suckers. But it must be remembered that if sea buckthorn is propagated by seeds, then it loses the characteristics inherent in any varieties, and half of the seedlings grow into male plants that are not capable of fruiting.

If the plant reproduces vegetatively, then it begins to bloom and bear fruit at the age of 3-4, giving good yields annually.

How to plant sea buckthorn correctly

Sea buckthorn is a cold-resistant plant, it can withstand frosts down to -50 degrees.The soil is preferable for her sandy-pebble, but chernozems are just as good. It grows poorly on heavy soil and bears little fruit.

In addition, flooded and waterlogged areas are categorically unsuitable for growing sea buckthorn. It is best to plant sea buckthorn on neutral soil. You can do this both in the spring and in the fall, but in the fall it is still better.

Growing sea buckthorn slightly complicated by its dioeciousness. Therefore, I would like to recommend planting 1-2 male plants in a home garden or vegetable garden on several female plants (2-4), in which flowering begins earlier than in female plants by 1-3 days.

For planting, they dig a hole 50 cm deep and the same in diameter. Then you need to remove the soil from this hole and connect it with a bucket of compost or humus, add 60 g of potassium sulfate and 100 g of superphosphate. Pour all this into the planting hole and pour 2 buckets of dolomite liquid at the rate of 1 cup of dolomite flour per bucket of water. All this is covered with a layer of fertile soil.

The plant should stand vertically in the hole, while the root collar should be deepened by 5 cm. After planting a bush, you need to water it, compact the soil and sprinkle it with earth. The bushes are located at a distance of 2 meters from each other.

It is necessary to use local forms, since plants brought from other places give berries, but they do not gain all the useful properties in our conditions.

How to properly care for sea buckthorn

Caring for sea buckthorn consists of regularly cutting out the shoots and dry twigs, loosening the soil around the bushes, and regularly watering. It is advisable to water the sea buckthorn in a rain way. In hot weather it gives her special pleasure.

During the growing season, the plant needs to be fed several times. Basically, these should be foliar feeding.

The first feeding should be done at a time when the leaves are blooming with a solution of urea (requires 30 g of urea per bucket of water) or a solution of Ross fertilizer.

The second feeding is done at the very beginning of flowering. Spray with a solution of water and "Potassium humate" (add 30 g of a liquid substance to a bucket of water).

Then, after flowering, two more dressings are made similar to the second with an interval of 3 weeks.

To form a crown in one-year-old bushes that do not have branches, the top should be cut off. In subsequent years of cultivation, you need to do regular pruning of sea buckthorn, during which dried, frozen, excess branches and root growth are removed. After about 10 years, the bush needs to be rejuvenated.

As you can see growing sea buckthorn does not require special knowledge and skills, and everyone can try their hand at growing on their site an original plant with silvery leaves and yellow berries. Try it.

You may also be interested in the article “Garden shrubs. Types and general information ".

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Reproduction of sea buckthorn - offspring, layering, cuttings, grafting, seeds

For novice gardeners, sea buckthorn breeding is not only the fastest and most affordable way of planting sea buckthorn from the varieties you like, but also the opportunity to "fill your hand" in grafting and grafting of fruit and berry crops.

In this regard, sea buckthorn is a very fertile shrub with a high level of rooting and survival rate of planting and grafting material.

This is especially true for regions where there are problems with the acquisition of high-quality varietal seedlings.

Sea buckthorn seedlings do not have to be bought, you can grow them yourself

Advantages and methods of breeding sea buckthorn "do it yourself"

Having understood how sea buckthorn reproduces, having learned such garden operations as grafting and grafting, you will be able to solve a variety of problems.

• Grow your favorite varieties by taking offspring or a twig from neighbors, acquaintances, or simply by cutting them off in the park.
• Rejuvenate the specimens growing in the garden.
• Replace non-fruiting, small-fruited trees with new high-yielding varieties.
• Establish a sea-buckthorn or a small nursery and organize your business on berries (seedlings).
• Experiment with improving varietal characteristics, winter hardiness and adaptation of plants to soil and climatic features of the area.

Spring is the best time to breed berry bushes

In horticultural practice, 5 main methods of sea buckthorn propagation are used:

• offspring - young shoots that have grown from the adventitious buds of the root system;
• by layering - rooted peripheral stems, subsequently separated from the mother plant;
• cuttings (lignified and green) - parts of the stem, rooted using a special technology;
• by grafting - transferring a particle of the shoot from one plant (scion) to another (stock);
• seeds.

Let's take a closer look at each of the methods.

Root offspring

This is the simplest and most common method for propagating sea buckthorn in amateur gardening. At the age of 3-4 years, the root system of the bush grows so much that it can give up to 10 offspring annually. For reproduction, select several of the strongest specimens and grow them without separating from the mother plant for 2-3 years.

To make the seedlings stronger, the rest of the growth is removed, the soil is regularly loosened, the plants are spud and watered. When the offspring reaches the size of 70-100 cm, he is ready for independent life. A month before transplanting, without digging, you need to cut off the seedling from the adult plant, cut the "umbilical cord" and give the opportunity to adapt.

The plant is transplanted in the spring, best of all with a lump of earth.

Advantages:

• the method does not require special knowledge, is not laborious;
• high survival rate of seedlings (95-100%);
• if the mother plant is grown from a cuttings, all varietal characteristics are preserved.

Flaws:

• not suitable for sea buckthorn grafted onto the stock - the offspring do not retain varietal properties;
• The plant obtained from the offspring is less durable.

Root offspring scheme

Layers

Sea buckthorn, like currants or other berry bushes, is propagated by layering. The method is suitable for bush-shaped plants.

In the spring, one or several annual peripheral branches with good growth are tilted to the ground, laid in radially dug grooves to a depth of 10 cm, pinned in several places and covered with moist humus.

When young vertical shoots appear, they are sprinkled with humus several times for better rooting. By autumn, several shoots are obtained from each stem. They are left in this form until next spring.

In April, the strongest specimens are planted in a permanent place, the rest are separated from the mother bush and transplanted into a mini-nursery for growing.

Advantages:

• good rooting of sea buckthorn;
• preservation of the floor, biological and varietal characteristics of the shrub.

Flaws:

• there are few annual shoots located close to the ground - the trunk of a fruiting sea buckthorn, as a rule, is bare.

Pinning a branch to the ground for layering

Lignified cuttings

The method of propagation of sea buckthorn by lignified cuttings has proven itself well. For their harvesting, strong, well-ripened annual shoots with a thickness of 6-8 mm are taken from 4–5-year-old plants. This can be done in late autumn or early spring. Autumn blanks are stored in the basement or under the snow, previously covered with straw (foliage).

In the spring, a week before planting, cuttings of 18–20 cm are cut from the middle part of the shoot. They are soaked for a week, if desired, placed in a growth regulator solution (root, heteroauxin) for 14–15 hours, and planted on prepared beds. The planting scheme is 10x10 cm, the cutting is deepened so that no more than 2 buds remain on top.

Advice! When preparing the cuttings, make sure that the upper cut is 1–2 cm higher than the bud, and the lower one is 0.5–1 cm lower.

In regions with a hot climate, to prevent the soil from drying out, the bed is covered with a film, cross-shaped cuts are made and cuttings are stuck into them. The main condition for rooting is to maintain high soil and air moisture.

Advantages:

• a simple way that does not require special skills;
• obtaining a clone of the mother plant.

Flaws:

• poor survival of cuttings at low air humidity (30-40%)

Green cuttings

Cutting sea buckthorn with summer stems is considered one of the most promising methods for obtaining planting material.

Green cuttings are harvested in early July, when the young growth reaches 10–15 cm, and in the lower part, the process of lignification of the stem begins. For cuttings, cut the tops of branches with 8-10 leaves. Several lower sheets are removed, before planting, they are kept in the rooting solution for 12-18 hours.

Root green cuttings in a greenhouse. To do this, make a deep bed with loose fertile soil, build a frame and stretch the film. The rooting process lasts 20-30 days.

All this planting time, you need to water and spray several times a day, because until roots are formed, air is the only source of moisture for the cutting. In addition, the greenhouse needs to be shaded at midday and ventilated.

After rooting, young plants are hardened and accustomed to an open environment gradually.

In autumn, young plants are covered with foliage, straw and left to winter. In the spring they are transplanted for growing.

Advantages:

• one hundred percent survival rate;

Flaws:

• a laborious process that requires certain skills, structures, drugs.

Technology of harvesting and rooting cuttings

Vaccination

Vaccination of sea buckthorn is resorted to in several cases.

• When there are seedlings or root suckers of wild small-fruited sea buckthorn, but they want to get a varietal plant.
• In order to obtain a pollinator in the crown of a female plant.

The preferred method of grafting is copulation (cuttings). Budding - grafting with a kidney (eye) on sea buckthorn does not take root well. The optimal time is spring, before bud break.

To obtain a cultivated plant, a wild seedling or offspring adapted to a given locality and cuttings from the desired variety are taken as a stock.

The optimal cutting size is 7–8 cm and, accordingly, 7 or 8 buds.

With a sharpened knife, oblique cuts are made on the stock and the handle, they are tightly applied to each other and tied tightly with a film in several turns. Open sections are disinfected with garden pitch.

Advantages:

• obtaining a varietal specimen with an adapted root system;
• high survival rate of the vaccine;
• does not require maintenance, drugs, greenhouses, etc.

Flaws:

• at least basic vaccination skills are required;

Copulation vaccination

Advice! There are several secrets of successful grafting: absolutely even cut, complete coincidence of cambium layers on the cuts (the same diameter of the grafted parts), the cut must not be touched.

Seeds

Seed propagation of sea buckthorn is rarely used in amateur gardening. This is due to the fact that female and male plants are obtained from seeds in a ratio of 50 to 50; moreover, seedlings do not retain the varietal characteristics of the parent plant. This method is good for obtaining rootstocks and grafting varieties on them.

Seeds are sown before winter, seeding them to a depth of 3-4 cm. When sowing in spring, cold stratification is needed. The seeds are first germinated in wet sand, and after they have nailed, they are placed in the cold for 2 weeks (-1–2 ⁰ C). After germination, seedlings are grown in one place for at least 2 years, then transplanted.

Vaccination of sea buckthorn:

Sea buckthorn, planting and proper care of the plant, an overview of varieties and their characteristics, propagation by seedlings and cuttings

In ancient Greece, the leaves and young branches of sea buckthorn were used to heal people and horses. Although later they gradually forgot about her.And only in the last three to four decades has sea buckthorn been widely used.

Sea buckthorn, Latin - Hippóphae. Family of plants of the genus Lokhovye (Elaeagnaceae). Trees or shrubs, for the most part thorny, from ten centimeters to three, six meters, occasionally up to fifteen meters high.

Alternate leaves, narrow and long, green in small dots, silvery, grayish-white or rusty-golden below from the scales covering them. Flowers appear before leaves, they are homosexual, small and featureless.

If you have a desire to have such a shrub as sea buckthorn in your garden, planting and caring for which does not require much effort and hassle, then this is excellent! The shrub will delight you with a large harvest of berries, from which you will get an appetizing compote and aromatic jam or sea buckthorn oil, which is of extraordinary value. And you can write endlessly about the benefits of this berry, it contains many trace elements necessary for the body - vitamins, glucose and acids.

Planting sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is a long-liver of your garden plot, since the life span of a shrub is about twenty years. The roots of the plant are designed so that the tubers are able to consume nitrogen directly from the air.

Sea buckthorn, bisexual shrub - female and male, refers to dicotyledonous plants, pollinated by the wind.

Exclusively female individuals of sea buckthorn are capable of high yields, fruits are not formed on male bushes, but the pollen of male plants is directly involved in pollination of female plants.

Distinguish between male and female bushes by the kidneys - on the male shrub they are several times larger and consist of five to seven scales (female buds are exclusively two scaly). One male is planted on four female bushes.

Ideal for planting sea buckthorn suitable neutral soil, with medium acidity. The right time for planting is spring and early autumn.

Before planting, the pits are pre-dug to a depth of fifty centimeters, the excavated earth is mixed with humus or peat and, adding mineral impurities, potassium sulfate and superphosphate, are poured back.

Having placed the seedlings in the soil, they are watered with a solution with the addition of dolomite flour and covered with earth.

When planting sea buckthorn seedlings, it is necessary to look so that the root collar is deepened into the ground by five to six centimeters. Saplings are placed from each other at a distance of two meters.

Sea buckthorn care

Having grown sea buckthorn, do not forget about easy care for her. It is important to periodically remove dried shoots and root overgrowths.

Also, caring for sea buckthorn consists in constant loosening, feeding, weeding and watering the bush, sea buckthorn likes rain watering, especially in hot weather.

When growing, it is also essential to control the concentration of water in the air and soil.

When growing sea buckthorn, do not forget about feeding. During the season they do four foliar soil fertilizers:

• the first feeding is done in the spring, when the leaves begin to bloom;
• the second feeding is done in the first days of flowering sea buckthorn, with a solution of "Potassium humate";
• top dressing the third and fourth are carried out after flowering, with a break of twenty days from one another, with a solution of "Effekton" or "Sodium humate".

Sea buckthorn pruning

Care of young seedlings is accompanied by necessary trimming of the tops, this must be done in order for the sea buckthorn to develop the crown more intensively.

Pruning is carried out annually, before budding on the bush, in order to remove all unnecessary and damaged branches, as well as root shoots.

Rejuvenating, general pruning is carried out approximately eight to ten years after planting (the fruiting code of the shrub becomes less). From the bushes of sea buckthorn, for preventive purposes, periodically, you need to cut off the branches of three years ago.

Shrub propagation

Sea buckthorn propagates by seeds and vegetatively.

Choosing a finished seedling

It is extremely difficult to distinguish non-varietal root shoots from cultivated sea buckthorn propagated by cuttings.

Therefore, if the root system of the acquired cutting is much poorer than its top, then it may well turn out to be an outgrowth of the root system.

Ideal to buy small seedlings grown from cuttings, then it is clear from the root system that this is a young, well-established stalk.

Shrub propagation by green cuttings

Cutting sea buckthorn bushes is not significantly different from cutting many shrubs, this is the highest quality method of propagation.

In June, cut off a fifteen centimeter stalk, and remove the bottom three sheets from him... The slice can be treated with growth substances, or you can do without them.

Place the cutting in the greenhouse nutrient soil. Fertile soil and peat with river sand will provide excellent fertilization for future growth. The required ambient temperature should be within twenty-eight degrees, with ninety percent air humidity. Remember to water and spray the cutting.

Subsequently, after the roots appear, the seedling is fed with mineral fertilizers, and over time it is hardened by airing. After a while, the well-established, well-established stalk is opened, watered and fertilized with phosphorus-potassium baits. From that moment on, it grows without being covered with a protective film. In the spring, the "strong" stalk is transplanted to a permanent habitat.

Propagation using woody cuttings

At the end of autumn, either cuttings are cut in winter at least five millimeters thick and bury them in the snow so that the plant does not wake up.

In the spring, workpieces with a length of at least fifteen centimeters are cut off and kept in water for several days, after which many gardeners dip the seedling into a solution to increase the growth of the plant.

Although it is permissible to simply place the cutting in water for two weeks, until the buds and some semblance of roots appear.

After that, the fathom is planted in fertile soil to a depth of 15 centimeters (the soil mixture consists of peat, humus, and river sand), covered with a film. At least two buds must be left above the ground.

Young seedlings need repeated watering and a temperature within twenty-seven degrees, with good humidity. When the cutting reaches a height of about fifty centimeters, the cutting has a root collar length of about ten centimeters and the initial stage of root development. Now it can be placed in a place on the open ground prepared in advance for disembarkation.

When propagating sea buckthorn by grafting, it should be borne in mind that due to the loose tissues of the bush, it may not take root. Budgeting is unacceptable, although it is possible to use copulation.

Reproduction of sea buckthorn by seeds is not a very good method, due to the fact that varietal indicators of cultivated sea buckthorn are poorly inherited and signs of a male individual can appear, and she is almost always “wild”.

Root propagation is also not the best approach to propagation, although many may disagree with this belief.

Sea buckthorn varieties

• Moscow beauty - the variety is undersized, up to two and a half meters. Disease resistant, average yield. The fruits ripen from mid-August to early September. Large berries, up to ten grams, with tender pulp, sweet and sour taste.

  Belongs to table varieties, has an orange color of berries.

• Chuiskaya sea buckthorn - medium-sized, grows up to four meters, orange-colored berry, shrub with small sparse thorns. The fruits are tastier than those of the Moscow beauty, this variety belongs to the universal.

  Fruits ripen from August to early September, large in size, somewhere from eight milligrams.

• Red sea buckthorn - has burgundy fruits and is quite disease resistant. The berries are sour in taste, of medium volume, the tree itself is medium-sized.

In case you are faced with the wild when planting, do not be afraid to try cultivating cultivars, but remember!

Sea buckthorn, growing and caring for it requires taking into account all the features adaptation to the climatic zone, as well as the ripening period, size and taste of the berries!

There is a chance that sea buckthorn will become one of your favorite plants. Maybe even because the juice of its fruit is used as a mask to prevent skin improvement.