Can grapes be grown in a greenhouse with tomatoes?

For many years grapes remain a symbol of fertility, a source of useful vitamins and the best raw materials for the production of wines.

The owner of the vineyard will not be at a loss, especially if he takes care of the future harvest correctly. In our region grapes raise perspectively as a greenhouse culture, which causes a short summer period, an early onset of cold weather, and frequent spring frosts.

…

Pros of growing in a greenhouse

Growing grapes in a greenhouse is relevant both for the central zone of Russia and for the southern regions. In the first case varieties can be grown, which simply do not have time to ripen in open field conditions, and in the south you can get a harvest of berries much earlier than the established date. Besides:

• growing in greenhouse conditions allows you to protect the plant from the hardships of nature (rain, wind, fog, temperature changes);
• it is much more convenient to care, especially in spring and autumn;
• flavoring the quality of the berries is no worse those that ripen on plants in the open field;
• berries crack less, as they are protected from rain drops;
• the shelter allows you to protect from insects and birds, as well as from many diseases and pests. The number of chemical treatments against mildew, oidium is reduced;
• next to grapes you can plant other crops in the aisles: strawberries, radishes, turnips, herbs (parsley, onions, dill, basil);
• sometimes gardeners in the same room grow tulips and other bulbous flowers for further sale.

Selection of varieties

Different grape varieties can be grown in greenhouse conditions. The experience of winegrowers shows that the most successful among them are table varieties with an early or very early ripening period:

Bulgaria resilient (Queen of Paris) is a Bulgarian amber yellow grape. Differs in high resistance to diseases, does not require chemical pollination, bears fruit well.

Song (White miracle) - very early ripening. The berries are large, sugar, yellow-green in color.

Laura - gives high yields, is distinguished by large bunches and juicy berries. With good care, the mass of individual bunches can reach 2-2.4 kg.

Transparent - a good variety for eating, preparing homemade meals and drinks. The berries ripen, sugar and aromatic.

In addition to the listed species, you can give a choice: Arcadia, Early Northern, Russian Korinka, Moscow Stable, Michurinsky and others.

Some growers acquire seedlings of different forcing dates, which allows you to harvest throughout the warm season from spring to late autumn. You can combine early varieties with later ones.

note that not every variety suits well for cultivation in a greenhouse, for example, Dekabrskiy and Vostorg bear fruit better in open ground conditions.

Greenhouse requirements

How to grow grapes in a greenhouse? Before you start planting vines you need choose and equip the premises correctly.

• arched structures are considered the most successful. These are often chosen for growing flowers;
• the height of the greenhouse should be between two and a half to three meters. The total area is selected based on the goals of cultivation. For eating berries and homemade preparations a small room is suitable, and for sale, its area can be more than 20-30 square meters.

You can find out on our website how to build and strengthen a polycarbonate greenhouse, how to make an arched, single-slope (wall), from window frames or choose a ready-made greenhouse, as well as how to correctly position a building on a site.

Types of greenhouses for grapes:

1. Film - well suited as a seasonal shelter... They allow you to protect the plant from the vagaries of nature, support its development and growth, and get a better harvest.
2. Polycarbonate Shelter - suitable for off-season (year-round) use. They are equipped with a supporting structure and special air vents.

In specialized stores, there is a wide selection of designs that can be purchased from the site. To each design detailed assembly instructions are attached and use. Some firms even offer assembly services for such a room.

This increases your cash costs, but minimizes the hassle and time wasted. Many gardeners prefer to make such designs. independently from available means, because it saves money costs by 4-5 times.

Preparatory work

Pay attention to the preparatory work that must be done before disembarking seedlings:

1. The vine can be both inside the structure and outside. In this case, the main stem of the plant must necessarily enter the closed zone, therefore, a hole is made in the lower part of the wall.
2. Prepare the soil. For growing suitable fertile, loose, light soil mixture, which can be prepared from earth, sand, loam, peat, crushed chalk (at the rate of 90 grams for every second ten-liter bucket of soil) and mineral fertilizers.

   In order for the plant to develop strong deep roots, it is recommended to pour the mixture into a prepared deep trench.

3. Please note that the soil temperature indoors should be warmer than outside. The optimum temperature can be achieved with artificial heating.
4. To protect the plant from indoor sunburn stretching the support wire system (in a horizontal position) at intervals of 20-30 cm. The upper wire is placed 35-40 cm below the ridge and at least 35 cm from the glass.
5. Be sure to provide good drainage. If not, lay additional pipes.

Landing features

The technology for growing grapes in a greenhouse includes a number of rules:

• young bushes begin to be planted at the end of winter;
• the scheme for planting grapes in the greenhouse is as follows: a deep and wide hole is dug for planting (at least 35-40 cm). At the bottom of the hole in the center you can make a small embankment (as when planting an apple tree), place the seedling vertically in the center, spread the roots, cover with earth, lightly tamp and water;
• before planting, it is advisable to apply organic fertilizers (compost, overripe manure).
• pay attention to the distance between the seedlings, which should be at least 50-65 cm. This is the only way the vine will get enough free space for the development and formation of the main stem.
• do not forget to inspect the appearance of young bushes and roots before planting. The plant must be healthy and strong.

Pruning rules

After planting seedlings, you need pinch... Weak shoots are cut so that the plant does not expend energy on them during growth, but directs them to healthy branches.

Inflorescences with unripe flowers as needed should also be deleted... Pruning of sterile stems is carried out to the level of 5 leaves. For second-order shoots - up to the first leaf.

Over time, it is necessary to thin out the bunches. Using sharp scissors, they carefully cut off the inner berries, together with which various small particles are removed on the vines. Remember to manually pollinate the grapes... To do this, it is enough to slightly shake the branches with blossoming inflorescences.

In the fall, long branches are cut to the level of the initial bud, and the stems are cut to two-thirds of the entire length.

Watering and feeding

To get a good harvest for grapes needs proper care, follow the rules of fertilizing and watering the plant.

Watering features:

1. The first watering is carried out immediately after planting.
2. Then, to maintain optimal soil moisture, young bushes are watered once every 6-7 days.
3. During the flowering period, watering is suspended, as well as during the formation of berries. Excessive moisture will negatively affect the quality of the crop.
4. Please note that greenhouse grapes are not watered in the evening. An excess of moisture in the air will lead to cracking of the berries.

Fertilization:

• use nitrogen fertilizing with extreme caution;
• it is advisable to apply organic fertilizers before planting;
• during bud break, ammonium nitrate can be removed for good leaf development and bud formation, and superphosphate before flowering;
• during further growth, only foliar fertilizers are applied. Superphosphate and ash are used after the end of the flowering period.

Wintering grapes

Before the onset of the first cold weather, the plant needs hide under cover (around mid-October).

To do this, the vines are tilted to the ground, covered with a dense layer of spruce branches and roofing material.

As a covering material, you can also use blankets, synthetic winterizer, sawdust.

If the greenhouse roof is removed, the plant can winter outdoors under the snow.

Problems with fruiting

Why not produce grapes in a greenhouse?

• lack of nutrients (zinc, manganese, boron) - start feeding properly plant;
• the opposite situation can also occur - an excess of nitrogenous fertilizers.

  In this case the plant gives all its strength on the formation of greenery, bears fruit poorly or does not bear berries at all;

• affects the yield and pruning technology. Untimely thinning of vines leads to peas, not ripening of berries. It should also carry out off-season pruning.

Growing grapes in a greenhouse is a troublesome task that takes a lot of time and effort. But, the result is worth it... Proper preparation of the premises, adherence to planting technology and good care will allow you to get a quick, plentiful, tasty harvest!

Useful videos about growing grapes in a greenhouse:

Grapes are a symbol of fertility and abundance, a source of vitamins and an excellent raw material for wine. The owner of the vineyard will never be left without profit, especially if he takes care of the preservation of the harvest in advance. A competently equipped closed room will help protect sweet brushes from the vagaries of nature: grapes in a greenhouse will give more fruits than those planted in open ground.

• Video idea: growing grapes and strawberries together in a greenhouse
• The advantages of a greenhouse over open ground
• Planting grapes according to all the rules
• Forming and pruning bushes
• First year
• Second year
• Subsequent years

Features of pollination of grapes Watering and feeding Video idea: joint cultivation of grapes and strawberries in a greenhouse ↑

The video shows the technology of growing grapes in a greenhouse.

Advantages of a greenhouse over open ground ↑

Even if you plant a vine outside a heated room, leaving only the main stem inside, you can get privileges.

1. The bunches will ripen at a relatively early date (end of May - first decade of July), so there is an opportunity to gain a good profit thanks to high prices.
2. The quality of the berries will not be inferior to those grown in the open field.
3. Unheated greenhouses make it possible to obtain raw materials at a low cost (not counting the initial expenses for building the premises and planting).
4. The harvest of bunches can be up to four kilograms per square meter (about 45 tons per hectare), with compacted planting - and up to 8 kg per square meter (80 tons per hectare).
5. In the aisles of the vineyard, the soil is used for early ripening crops: strawberries, radishes, onions, garlic, lettuce, spinach, various seedlings, tulips. This contributes to the receipt of additional profit, increases the profitability of the greenhouse and shortens the period for repayment of borrowed money for the construction of the premises and the establishment of the vineyard.
6. During severe frosts, with icing of the bushes, with frosts, there is no need to worry about preserving the harvest, the cost of which will increase several times due to the shortage of grapes planted in the open field.
7. The vineyard will be protected from pests, hail, and the number of chemical treatments will be reduced due to less mildew and mildew infestation.
8. Working conditions with grape bushes will become more comfortable in winter and spring, which will significantly increase labor productivity.
9. Small land (backyards, summer cottages, ancillary, adjoining territories) will be used as efficiently as possible, ensuring a high profitability of grape production.

In greenhouses, grapes will yield crops even in the northern regions.

The soil for growing grapes in the greenhouse must be loose. It is advisable to make a mixture of 3 parts peat, 7 parts loam and 2 parts sand. You can add crushed chalk and mineral fertilizer (85 grams for every two ten-liter soil containers). The soil outside the greenhouse should have a sufficiently deep fertile layer, be well drained, with a pH level of 7.0. The vine is usually planted on the side, 20 centimeters from the walls, the stem is formed parallel to the glass and vertically to the ridge. In small rooms, the vine should be planted as far from the door as possible, guiding it under the ridge along the entire wall. Sometimes it is more productive to plant it on the side in the corner, leading it horizontally along the wall and forming fruit-bearing shoots vertically upward.

Planting grapes according to all the rules ↑

Good drainage is a prerequisite for a successful planting. Otherwise, pipes should be laid or a drainage well equipped.

Other crops can be planted in the aisle to economically and profitably use the space

Then you can pull a horizontal support wire system along the sides of the greenhouse at intervals of 20 centimeters. The top wire should be located 40 cm below the ridge, at least 40 cm from the glass, then the plant will not get sunburn.

Pot-grown vines can be planted in greenhouses at any time, although it is preferable to do this in November, while doing the initial pruning.

The planting process itself is simple. It is enough to dig a hole of such depth and width so that loosely spread roots fit in it. If the vine was grown in a pot, it is advisable to carefully spread the roots around the perimeter with your hands. Then the hole needs to be filled up and the soil is crushed, the planting site should be watered abundantly.

The process of planting grapes is simple

Forming and pruning bushes ↑

If the vine was planted in November, then the main stem should be shortened by two-thirds of the summer growth, cutting off the remaining lateral shoots to the first bud.If the vine is planted during the growing season, it is better to postpone the initial pruning until the leaves fall, so as not to inflict wounds on the plant. A video about growing grapes in a greenhouse was filmed with a fairly detailed description and an illustrative example of pruning and shaping.

First year ↑

After the initial pruning, it is undesirable to touch the main stem until it becomes three meters tall and releases side shoots. In the summer, you need to shorten the side shoots to 6 leaves, the second-order shoots - to one. The main stem, side shoots should be tied loosely to the wire, leaving room for growth. Immediately after the leaves fall in November, the vine should be shortened by two-thirds, the lateral shoots - to the first bud.

Grape pruning scheme

Second year ↑

In the spring, the upper bud gives a new growth, which should gain length freely. In summer, with increased growth on the lateral stems, the formation of clusters is allowed. It is advisable to cut such stems to two leaves above the inflorescence. It is advisable to cut the lateral non-fruiting stems when they give five leaves. It is necessary to shorten the conductor in December by about half. Lateral branches should be cut to 3 cm, leaving two buds.

Pruning grapes is a very important step in the care

Subsequent years ↑

The vines now only need regular grooming. In greenhouses without heating, the ventilation holes must be opened to provide the plant with a dormant period (January - April). Then the holes should be closed so that the temperature rises and the kidneys awaken. At the beginning of the year, you can leave the stem so that its top practically touches the ground. This will inhibit the development of the apical buds. When the buds begin to develop on the stumps, you can tie up the stem as before.

Already in the second year, the grapes will delight you with the first harvest

In May, the temperature should be slowly raised; if it rises above 17 ° C, the room should be ventilated. By the end of the month, the temperature should reach 20 ° C.

If the greenhouse is heated, you can start the growing season in February without dropping the temperature below 8 ° C, and by the end of May gradually increasing it to 20 ° C.

To maintain air humidity, it is advisable to moisten the soil on clear days. Before flowering, it is recommended to spray the stems from above with water in dim sun. In a plant, lateral shoots develop quite quickly, in a greenhouse without heating by May, you can outline those that need to be left. With an increase of 60 cm, inflorescences appear. After waiting for two leaves to develop behind the inflorescence, you can begin to remove the top of the shoot. It is recommended to keep strong shoots with the best inflorescences, but only one at a time, and destroy the rest. Tie each of the selected fruiting stems to the wire so as to gradually bring them to a horizontal position (or to vertical, if they move away from a horizontal vine).

Even in a small summer cottage, you can equip a greenhouse

In summer, it is advisable to cut the side shoots to one leaf. By the end of the season, it is necessary to allow the two side shoots near the top of the stem to grow freely so that they can pick up excess juice, preventing this from cracking the berries.

Features of pollination of grapes

Once the flowers have opened, it's time for hand pollination. A video about grapes in a greenhouse shows in detail how to do this. Every day in the afternoon until the end of flowering, you should hit the vine sharply. But for some varieties, you need to gently tap the flowers with your palm so that the pollen gathers in your hand. The pollen can then be transferred to the pistils. Cross-pollination is preferred.

Try pollination of grapes and you may be lucky enough to get a new variety

Watering and feeding ↑

In March, during the beginning of growth, it is advisable to thoroughly saturate the soil with water. A week later, when the roots dry up, repeat watering. Then mulching is carried out with compost or rotted manure.In hot weather, the vine is watered every seven days so that the soil can be deeply saturated with water. Outside the greenhouse, grapes are watered only in dry weather. Watering is reduced as the brushes ripen, avoiding waterlogging of the vine so that the berries do not burst.

Do not humidify the greenhouse in the evening, because the humidity in the air tends to crack. It is recommended to open the ventilation holes on the leeward side by 4 cm at night. Avoid sudden temperature changes that lead to moisture condensation.

For regular care, the grapes will thank you with a generous harvest.

Every two weeks after the start of growth, you need to feed the plant with potassium, and when the berries begin to change color, the feeding should be canceled.

A little patience, attention and daily care - and a rich harvest of table grapes will make a significant profit.

Do-it-yourself grapes will always find a place on your kitchen table - either in the form of sweet, large and tasty berries, or in the form of homemade wine. In addition, surplus grapes can always be sold or donated to friends and acquaintances. But how to achieve a bountiful harvest of this crop in the middle lane, where light and heat may be lacking? The solution to this problem is to grow grapes in a greenhouse.

Growing grapes in a greenhouse

Why grow grapes in a greenhouse?

Compared to open ground, growing grapes in a greenhouse has many advantages. This is especially pronounced if your land plot is located in middle latitudes or slightly north of them.

1. Creation of favorable temperature conditions - even without artificial heating, the greenhouse will be 2-5 degrees hotter. To humans, this may seem insignificant, but for grapes it is very important.

   Greenhouse grape growing increases yields

2. The ability to get the harvest earlier - with the correct cultivation technology and favorable conditions provided by the greenhouse, the harvest can be obtained 2-4 weeks earlier than in the open field. This is especially important for late grape varieties that do not have enough warmth outside the greenhouse for this.
3. No problems with insects and diseases - the greenhouse will partially solve the problem with wasps that damage and eat berries. In addition, in greenhouses, mildew or powdery mildew are extremely rare.

   Oidium on a vine leaf

4. No need for chemical treatment - since the grapes in the greenhouse are protected from diseases and plants, then they need to be processed much less often. As a result, the cost of berries is reduced, their safety and environmental friendliness increase.
5. Frost protection - the casing and foundation of the greenhouse will protect the plants inside from sudden changes in temperature. This is especially important for those grape varieties that do not have sufficient cold resistance.
6. No problems with berry cracking - there is no precipitation in the greenhouse, optimal values ​​of temperature and humidity are maintained.
7. High yield, which depends on the density of planting seedlings (from 4 to 8 kg of berries per square meter of the greenhouse).

   Grapes in the greenhouse

8. Convenient working conditions - there is no gusty wind in the greenhouse, it is not so cold in autumn or winter. And with proper arrangement of trellises, the harvesting process will be significantly simplified.
9. The ability to use the greenhouse for growing other crops - Strawberries, garlic, spinach, onions or flowers can be grown in the space between the trellis.

At the same time, it should be borne in mind that to start growing grapes, significant initial investments will be required - for the purchase of seedlings, the arrangement of the foundation and the construction of a greenhouse. Also, you will need to spend a lot of effort on caring for this crop, and at the same time it will not begin to produce crops immediately.But all the costs will more than pay off with a large number of tasty and nutritious berries that you can either consume yourself or sell or use to make wine.

When growing grapes, you will have to spend a lot of time and effort on care.

Choosing varieties

The process of growing grapes in a greenhouse begins with the selection of a variety. If you are a beginner and have not dealt with such a crop before, then give preference to early and frost-resistant varieties, which are guaranteed to give a plentiful and high-quality crop in the greenhouse. These include various types of raisins, Korinka Russkaya and Michurinsky. As soon as you successfully get a harvest from early and frost-resistant grape varieties, move on to its other varieties, designed for cultivation in the southern regions, in the Kuban or in Moldova.

Grapes raisins Korinka Russian

Important! When planning to grow grapes in the Urals, North-West or Siberia, equip a greenhouse heating system and artificial lighting. They will help plants to cope with the lack of sun and heat, which will be noticeable even taking into account the microclimate of the greenhouse.

Some of the varieties that are suitable for growing in a greenhouse located in the middle lane are shown in the table below.

Table. Frost-resistant grape varieties recommended for cultivation in greenhouses.

Beauty of the North	Dining room	14 to 17	250 to 900	-26	White
Ruslan	Dining room	17.5 to 18	500 to 1200	-21	Dark
Kishmish Potapenko	Dining room	25	500	-25	Dark
friendship	Technical	19 to 21	280	-23	White
In memory of Shatilov	Universal	17	600 to 1500	-30	White
Russian Early	Dining room	17 to 21	200 to 600	-23	Dark
Delight	Dining room	19 to 26	500 to 2000	-25	White

Some more suitable greenhouse grape varieties

Arcadia grapes

Features of the greenhouse for grapes

A greenhouse designed for growing grapes has significant differences in its design from traditional greenhouses for tomatoes and cucumbers. Let's consider separately all the features that need to be taken into account during the construction.

Dimensions. A greenhouse for growing grapes should have a considerable height - from 2.5 to 3 meters or more, depending on the design and size of the trellises. The optimal building area designed to meet your own need for grapes is 25-30 m2. Larger greenhouses can be used to grow berries for sale or to make wine.

Greenhouse for growing grapes

Foundation. The soil in the greenhouse for grapes must be reliably protected from freezing. In addition, without a foundation, weeds, pests and uncontrolled drafts will penetrate inside. Build a shallow concrete strip foundation.

Sheathing. For a greenhouse, it is desirable to use transparent cellular polycarbonate - a material with high light transmission and good thermal insulation properties. Plastic wrap is acceptable, but only for unheated structures.

Greenhouse example diagram

Frame. Grapes do not like haste and do not start producing a good harvest immediately, therefore the greenhouse must be durable and have a significant service life. And as a material for the frame, the optimal choice in such conditions would be a galvanized steel profiled pipe - it is strong enough, durable and easy to work with.

Heating. If it is planned to grow grape varieties that are not designed for cold weather, then the greenhouse will need heating. To do this, you can use infrared lamps suspended from the ceiling (in this case, you will need to significantly strengthen the frame of the building), or a heating cable brought under the ground of the greenhouse. For lovers of simple options, the arrangement of conventional heating radiators is suitable.

IR lamps for heating greenhouses

Heating cable installation

Lighting. Southern grape varieties in Siberia or the Northwest may lack sunlight.This deficiency can be corrected with the help of special fluorescent lamps. They are presented in luminescent, LED and sodium subtypes.

Ventilation. For a small greenhouse, designed for growing grapes for own consumption, two vents located in the gables of the building will be enough. If it is planned to produce berries or wine for sale, then the greenhouse should be larger, respectively, the number of transoms should increase. To ensure an optimal microclimate, equip all vents with thermal cylinders that open and close the doors at a certain air temperature inside.

Photo of a bimetallic element of automatic greenhouse ventilation

Special fan for greenhouse

Important! Unlike other crops, grapes do not require frequent watering. But with its manual (watering) implementation, you have to spend a lot of labor and time. The arrangement of an automatic irrigation system controlled through a conventional valve or a special microcontroller will help to partially solve this problem.

Drip irrigation in the greenhouse

Do-it-yourself greenhouse trellis

The main element of the greenhouse for growing grapes are trellises - trellises that serve as a support and a means of controlling the direction of growth of agricultural crops. There are many varieties of this design, vertical single-plane and horizontal T-shaped trellises are best suited for use in a greenhouse. Let's see how they are created.

Trellis for growing grapes in the greenhouse

Roughly speaking, vertical single-plane trellises are a fence made of wooden pegs or metal pipes, between which a wire is stretched with a certain pitch. The vines are attached to the wire and shaped in a certain way.

Scheme of an example of a trellis for grapes

As a result, it becomes possible to grow a larger number of bunches per unit area and, accordingly, to obtain bountiful harvests. You can equip vertical trellises as follows.

Step 1. Inside the greenhouse, mark out the places for the pegs.

Step 2. Drive in stakes or pipes at the desired points. For the first, use a beam of 50x50 mm, for the second - steel pipes with a cross section of 7-10 cm.The depth into which they are driven is 1-1.5 m, the height of the trellis above the ground level is 3-3.5 m. The distance between the individual stakes or pipes - from up to 6 m.

An example of a vertical trellis for grapes with a seedling in a trench

Important! Processing wooden stakes with protective compounds is undesirable - these compounds can subsequently harm the vine, leaves or berries. Copper sulfate is a safe alternative.

Step 3. At a height of 50 cm from the grape seedling, pull a wire with a cross section of 3 mm. Fasten with wire loops, nails or metal staples.

Step 4. Pull the second one 35-40 cm above the first wire.

Step 5. Repeat step # 4 two to four more times (depending on the required height of the trellis).

Step 6. At a distance of at least 0.5-0.75 m, start installing a new trellis.

Advice! The arrangement of the cornice will help to increase the useful area of ​​the vertical single-plane trellis, as in the image below.

Vertical tapestries with cornice

Horizontal trellises are arranged somewhat differently. They can be either T-shaped supports, between which a wire is stretched at intervals of 30-40 cm, or a lattice using thick metal pipes as a support. The latter design turns out to be quite complex and heavy, but at the same time very convenient for harvesting - bunches of berries hang at the level of the head of an average person and there are no problems with removal. In addition, strawberries or other similar crops can be grown under these horizontal trellises at the same time.

T-shaped trellis

An example of growing dark grapes on a horizontal trellis

Important! Regardless of the design, the upper rows of the trellis should not be closer to the greenhouse cladding than 30-40 cm. Otherwise, there will be a risk that the grapes will get sunburn.

The upper part of this vine bush is on the gazebo, the lower part is like a single-plane trellis

Planting grape seedlings

It is necessary to start planting seedlings in late winter or early spring, it all depends on the grape variety and its frost resistance, while the plant material must meet the following requirements:

• absence of fungus and diseases;
• strong and healthy roots;
• lack of mechanical damage;
• no traces of freezing.

The place for planting a seedling should be no less than 30-50 cm from the greenhouse sheathing. The interval between plants in a row depends on the specific variety and can reach from 0.5 to 1.5 m. The preparation and implementation of planting is carried out according to a certain technology.

Step 1. Dig a hole 80x80 cm and a depth of 70 cm. It is advisable to equip the trellises at the same stage.

Scheme of a finished hole with a grape seedling

The depth of the pit should be 70 cm

How to prepare a planting pit for grapes

Step 2. Place a quarter of a bucket of wood ash on the bottom.

Step 3. Equip a drainage layer 20 cm thick. To do this, fill in expanded clay or gravel. Insert a 10-12 cm tube into the resulting layer, which will be used for watering. Its height above ground level should be at least 5-10 cm.

Drainage layer

Important! The drainage layer does not have to be arranged directly under the future seedling. It can be arranged nearby, at the entry point of the irrigation tube. In this case, the depth of the pit directly under the seedling is reduced to 50-60 cm.

Arrangement of pipes for irrigation and drainage layer

Step 4. Prepare the seedling substrate. There are two recipes. In the first, 1 part of sand is used for 2 parts of humus and 5 parts of fertile soil. In the second recipe, for 1 unit of mass of sand, 2 units of peat and 4 units of loam are taken. Add fertilizer or lime to the substrate (the latter is taken from a ratio of 100 g per bucket).

Step 5. Pour the substrate into the hole with a layer 20 cm thick and pour water over it. If the substrate has settled and decreased in volume, add more.

Backfilling of the substrate

Step 6. Plant the seedling in the soil, straighten the lower root system and add another 15-20 cm of substrate on top. As a result, the remaining depth of the hole should be 10-20 cm. Orient the seedling parallel to the greenhouse sheathing.

Planting a seedling

Planting scheme for seedlings

Advice! To plant a large number of seedlings, you can dig a trench of appropriate depth, width and length.

If you plan to plant a seedling not in spring, but in autumn, take care of it with the right shelter for the winter.

Grape care and pollination

The main principles of ensuring good conditions for grapes are the right temperature, access to sunlight and the formation of shoots.

Diagram of the vine care cycle

The temperature is regulated by heating and ventilation. The optimal regimen for grapes depends on the stage of growth. So, in the spring, at the stage of bud formation, the plant needs + 10-20 ° С during the day, at least + 8 ° С at night. During the flowering period, the optimum temperature during the day is + 25 ° С, at night + 15 ° С. And when the berries begin to ripen and fill with juice, it should be a little hotter in the greenhouse - + 30 ° С during the daytime and + 18-20 ° С in the dark. When using artificial heating, try to reproduce these cycles so that the plant is not stressed and produces the best yield.

The optimal temperature regime for grapes depends on the stage of growth.

Important! The above values ​​for optimum temperatures are general. More accurate values ​​depend on the specific grape variety, therefore, before choosing each of them, read in detail the description and experience of working with this or that species.

Providing access to sunlight is achieved through the correct design of the trellises and their correct location.In addition, make sure that the vines on the lower wires are not shaded; if necessary, it is permissible to cut a certain number of sheets in that place.

Shoot formation is a very important part of grape care. As a result, you should form strong branches with fruiting vines. Stepsons (also called shoots of the second order) and weak branches should be cut to the first "eye". This way, you will not allow the plant's resources to be wasted on parts that will not yield crops. In addition, you need to trim the tops of the shoots several times each season. Forming grapes is a whole art, and for a better understanding of the process, you should consult a specialist or reference literature on viticulture.

Grape care

The structure of the grape bush

Inspect the bunches regularly. If damaged, rotten or diseased berries are found, cut them off immediately. In addition, sometimes it is necessary to thin out clusters of small fruits and weak branches in order to avoid overloading and “direct resources” to higher quality berries. The optimal distance between branches during ripening is from 6 to 8 mm. Carry out thinning carefully, using long and thin scissors, so as not to cause additional damage.

Thinning grapes in the greenhouse

Since in the greenhouse, most likely, there will be no bees, the pollination of the grapes must be carried out independently. Perform the event after the opening of the flowers of the plant. Everything is quite simple - light and quick blows are applied along the stem. An alternative way is to tap the flowers of one plant and then transfer the pollen on the hand to another.

Removing a vertical cordon

Video - Growing grapes in the middle lane

Video - Caring for grapes

Watering and feeding

It is worth noting that the grapes do not require frequent watering. Excess moisture can damage the crop and cause the berries to crack. Perform the first watering even before planting the seedling, when forming a hole - 20 liters of warm water for each. Then the same amount - after planting, the place should be well saturated with water, but make sure that due to excess moisture the plant does not "drown" and does not start to rot.

An example of a do-it-yourself subsoil irrigation scheme

After seven days, watering is repeated, while mulching the soil in the hole with the seedling is also performed. Further, in the summer, the grapes are supplied with water once a week, watering should be done either in specially dug holes and grooves, or in a tube inserted into the drainage layer - most of the moisture should flow to the lower roots of the plant. During the ripening of the berries, the frequency of watering is reduced so that the fruits do not crack from an excess of moisture. In the future, plants with an age of several years are watered as needed, carefully controlling the level of moisture in the earth - the latter should not be overdried, but its transformation into sticky and wet mud is also undesirable.

If you bring flexible hoses to the pipes, watering can be automated

Top dressing of grapes is carried out in four stages:

• in the spring when disembarking;
• 15-12 days before flowering;
• when forming berries with a diameter of a pea;
• at the beginning of ripening.

In all cases, superphosphates, potash and nitrogen fertilizers are used. It is allowed to use top dressing in liquid form, as well as slurry. The exact values ​​of fertilizers that need to be applied to each plant depend on the specific variety, be sure to check this point when buying seedlings from a grower.

Table of mutual influence of fertilizers at combined application

Growing roses in a greenhouse for sale

Growing roses in a greenhouse for sale is a profitable business, as the demand for the queen of flowers does not decrease even during the winter months. Depending on the region, the profitability can be 200% or more, and the payback period does not exceed two years.

Preparing grapes for winter

After harvesting, caring for the grapes does not end - you need to prepare for the winter.Shoots must be protected from hypothermia. To do this, they are removed from the trellis wires and laid on the ground. It is desirable that this is the bottom of the trench, which lies below ground level. Then the shoots are covered from above with straw, spruce branches or other similar materials. It makes sense to put poison from mice there as well, otherwise rodents in the greenhouse can cause significant harm to plants.

Reed for shelter

Grapes sheltered for the winter

If it is possible to temporarily dismantle the roof of the greenhouse - do it, the snow that has fallen will help protect the grapes from hypothermia. Also, do not forget to make a snow shaft around the walls of the greenhouse in December so that the soil inside does not freeze too quickly.

As mentioned above, growing grapes in a greenhouse is a complex, laborious and long process. But the reward for the effort expended is also appropriate. And for experienced gardeners, grapes from greenhouses can be a good source of income.

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Pros of growing in a greenhouse

Growing grapes in a greenhouse is relevant both for the central zone of Russia and for the southern regions. In the first case varieties can be grown, which simply do not have time to ripen in open field conditions, and in the south you can get a harvest of berries much earlier than the established date. Besides:

• growing in greenhouse conditions allows you to protect the plant from the hardships of nature (rain, wind, fog, temperature changes);
• it is much more convenient to care, especially in spring and autumn;
• flavoring the quality of the berries is no worse those that ripen on plants in the open field;
• berries crack less, as they are protected from rain drops;
• the shelter allows you to protect from insects and birds, as well as from many diseases and pests. The number of chemical treatments against mildew, oidium is reduced;
• next to grapes you can plant other crops in the aisles: strawberries, radishes, turnips, herbs (parsley, onions, dill, basil);
• sometimes gardeners in the same room grow tulips and other bulbous flowers for further sale.

Selection of varieties

Different grape varieties can be grown in greenhouse conditions. The experience of winegrowers shows that the most successful among them are table varieties with an early or very early ripening period:

Bulgaria resilient (Queen of Paris) is a Bulgarian amber yellow grape. Differs in high resistance to diseases, does not require chemical pollination, bears fruit well.

Song (White miracle) - very early ripening. The berries are large, sugar, yellow-green in color.

Laura - gives high yields, is distinguished by large bunches and juicy berries. With good care, the mass of individual bunches can reach 2-2.4 kg.

Transparent - a good variety for eating, preparing homemade meals and drinks. The berries ripen, sugar and aromatic.

In addition to the listed species, you can give a choice: Arcadia, Early Northern, Russian Korinka, Moscow Stable, Michurinsky and others.

Some growers acquire seedlings of different forcing dates, which allows you to harvest throughout the warm season from spring to late autumn. You can combine early varieties with later ones.

note that not every variety suits well for cultivation in a greenhouse, for example, Dekabrskiy and Vostorg bear fruit better in open ground conditions.

Greenhouse requirements

How to grow grapes in a greenhouse? Before you start planting vines you need choose and equip the premises correctly.

• arched structures are considered the most successful. These are often chosen for growing flowers;
• the height of the greenhouse should be between two and a half to three meters. The total area is selected based on the goals of cultivation. For eating berries and homemade preparations a small room is suitable, and for sale, its area can be more than 20-30 square meters.

You can find out on our website how to build and strengthen a polycarbonate greenhouse, how to make an arched, single-slope (wall), from window frames or choose a ready-made greenhouse, as well as how to correctly position a building on a site.

Types of greenhouses for grapes:

1. Film - well suited as a seasonal shelter... They allow you to protect the plant from the vagaries of nature, support its development and growth, and get a better harvest.
2. Polycarbonate Shelter - suitable for off-season (year-round) use. They are equipped with a supporting structure and special air vents.

In specialized stores, there is a wide selection of designs that can be purchased from the site. To each design detailed assembly instructions are attached and use. Some firms even offer assembly services for such a room.

This increases your cash costs, but minimizes the hassle and time wasted. Many gardeners prefer to make such designs. independently from available means, because it saves money costs by 4-5 times.

Preparatory work

Pay attention to the preparatory work that must be done before disembarking seedlings:

1. The vine can be both inside the structure and outside. In this case, the main stem of the plant must necessarily enter the closed zone, therefore, a hole is made in the lower part of the wall.
2. Prepare the soil. For growing suitable fertile, loose, light soil mixture, which can be prepared from earth, sand, loam, peat, crushed chalk (at the rate of 90 grams for every second ten-liter bucket of soil) and mineral fertilizers.

   In order for the plant to develop strong deep roots, it is recommended to pour the mixture into a prepared deep trench.

3. Please note that the soil temperature indoors should be warmer than outside. The optimum temperature can be achieved with artificial heating.
4. To protect the plant from indoor sunburn stretching the support wire system (in a horizontal position) at intervals of 20-30 cm. The upper wire is placed 35-40 cm below the ridge and at least 35 cm from the glass.
5. Be sure to provide good drainage. If not, lay additional pipes.

Landing features

The technology for growing grapes in a greenhouse includes a number of rules:

• young bushes begin to be planted at the end of winter;
• the scheme for planting grapes in the greenhouse is as follows: a deep and wide hole is dug for planting (at least 35-40 cm). At the bottom of the hole in the center you can make a small embankment (as when planting an apple tree), place the seedling vertically in the center, spread the roots, cover with earth, lightly tamp and water;
• before planting, it is advisable to apply organic fertilizers (compost, overripe manure).
• pay attention to the distance between the seedlings, which should be at least 50-65 cm. This is the only way the vine will get enough free space for the development and formation of the main stem.
• do not forget to inspect the appearance of young bushes and roots before planting. The plant must be healthy and strong.

Pruning rules

After planting seedlings, you need pinch... Weak shoots are cut so that the plant does not expend energy on them during growth, but directs them to healthy branches.

Inflorescences with unripe flowers as needed should also be deleted... Pruning of sterile stems is carried out to the level of 5 leaves. For second-order shoots - up to the first leaf.

Over time, it is necessary to thin out the bunches. Using sharp scissors, they carefully cut off the inner berries, together with which various small particles are removed on the vines. Remember to manually pollinate the grapes... To do this, it is enough to slightly shake the branches with blossoming inflorescences.

In the fall, long branches are cut to the level of the initial bud, and the stems are cut to two-thirds of the entire length.

Watering and feeding

To get a good harvest for grapes needs proper care, follow the rules of fertilizing and watering the plant.

Watering features:

1. The first watering is carried out immediately after planting.
2. Then, to maintain optimal soil moisture, young bushes are watered once every 6-7 days.
3. During the flowering period, watering is suspended, as well as during the formation of berries. Excessive moisture will negatively affect the quality of the crop.
4. Please note that greenhouse grapes are not watered in the evening. An excess of moisture in the air will lead to cracking of the berries.

Fertilization:

• use nitrogen fertilizing with extreme caution;
• it is advisable to apply organic fertilizers before planting;
• during bud break, ammonium nitrate can be removed for good leaf development and bud formation, and superphosphate before flowering;
• during further growth, only foliar fertilizers are applied. Superphosphate and ash are used after the end of the flowering period.

Wintering grapes

Before the onset of the first cold weather, the plant needs hide under cover (around mid-October).

To do this, the vines are tilted to the ground, covered with a dense layer of spruce branches and roofing material.

As a covering material, you can also use blankets, synthetic winterizer, sawdust.

If the greenhouse roof is removed, the plant can winter outdoors under the snow.

Problems with fruiting

Why not produce grapes in a greenhouse?

• lack of nutrients (zinc, manganese, boron) - start feeding properly plant;
• the opposite situation can also occur - an excess of nitrogenous fertilizers.

  In this case the plant gives all its strength on the formation of greenery, bears fruit poorly or does not bear berries at all;

• affects the yield and pruning technology. Untimely thinning of vines leads to peas, not ripening of berries. It should also carry out off-season pruning.

Growing grapes in a greenhouse is a troublesome task that takes a lot of time and effort. But, the result is worth it... Proper preparation of the premises, adherence to planting technology and good care will allow you to get a quick, plentiful, tasty harvest!

Useful videos about growing grapes in a greenhouse:

Do-it-yourself grapes will always find a place on your kitchen table - either as sweet, large and tasty berries, or as homemade wine. In addition, surplus grapes can always be sold or donated to your friends and acquaintances. But how to achieve a bountiful harvest of this crop in the middle lane, where light and heat may be lacking? The solution to this problem is to grow grapes in a greenhouse.

Growing grapes in a greenhouse

Why grow grapes in a greenhouse?

Compared to open ground, growing grapes in a greenhouse has many advantages. This is especially pronounced if your land plot is located in middle latitudes or slightly north of them.

1. Creation of favorable temperature conditions - even without artificial heating, the greenhouse will be 2-5 degrees hotter. To humans, this may seem insignificant, but for grapes it is very important.

   Greenhouse grape growing increases yields

2. The ability to get the harvest earlier - with the correct cultivation technology and favorable conditions provided by the greenhouse, the crop can be obtained 2-4 weeks earlier than in the open field. This is especially important for late grape varieties, which do not have enough warmth outside the greenhouse for this.
3. No problems with insects and diseases - the greenhouse will partially solve the problem with wasps that damage and eat berries. In addition, in greenhouses, mildew or powdery mildew are extremely rare.

   Oidium on a vine leaf

4. No need for chemical treatment - since the grapes in the greenhouse are protected from diseases and plants, then they need to be processed much less often. As a result, the cost of berries is reduced, their safety and environmental friendliness increase.
5. Frost protection - the casing and foundation of the greenhouse will protect the plants inside from sudden changes in temperature. This is especially important for those grape varieties that do not have sufficient cold resistance.
6. No problems with berry cracking - there is no precipitation in the greenhouse, optimal values ​​of temperature and humidity are maintained.
7. High yield, which depends on the density of planting seedlings (from 4 to 8 kg of berries per square meter of the greenhouse).

   Grapes in the greenhouse

8. Convenient working conditions - there is no gusty wind in the greenhouse, it is not so cold in autumn or winter. And with proper arrangement of trellises, the harvesting process will be significantly simplified.
9. The ability to use the greenhouse for growing other crops - Strawberries, garlic, spinach, onions or flowers can be grown in the space between the trellis.

It should be borne in mind that to start growing grapes, significant initial investments will be required - for the purchase of seedlings, the arrangement of the foundation and the construction of a greenhouse. Also, you will need to spend a lot of effort on caring for this agricultural crop, and at the same time it will not begin to produce crops immediately. But all the costs will more than pay off with a large number of tasty and nutritious berries that you can either consume yourself or sell or use to make wine.

When growing grapes, you will have to spend a lot of time and effort on care.

Choosing varieties

The process of growing grapes in a greenhouse begins with the choice of a variety. If you are a beginner and have not dealt with such a crop before, then give preference to early and frost-resistant varieties, which are guaranteed to give a plentiful and high-quality crop in the greenhouse. These include various types of raisins, Korinka Russkaya and Michurinsky. As soon as you successfully get a harvest from early and frost-resistant grape varieties, move on to its other varieties, designed for cultivation in the southern regions, in the Kuban or in Moldova.

Grapes raisins Korinka Russian

Important! When planning to grow grapes in the Urals, North-West or Siberia, equip a greenhouse heating system and artificial lighting. They will help plants to cope with the lack of sun and heat, which will be noticeable even taking into account the microclimate of the greenhouse.

Some of the varieties that are suitable for growing in a greenhouse located in the middle lane are shown in the table below.

Table. Frost-resistant grape varieties recommended for cultivation in greenhouses.

Beauty of the North	Dining room	14 to 17	250 to 900	-26	White
Ruslan	Dining room	17.5 to 18	500 to 1200	-21	Dark
Kishmish Potapenko	Dining room	25	500	-25	Dark
friendship	Technical	19 to 21	280	-23	White
In memory of Shatilov	Universal	17	600 to 1500	-30	White
Russian Early	Dining room	17 to 21	200 to 600	-23	Dark
Delight	Dining room	19 to 26	500 to 2000	-25	White

Some more suitable greenhouse grape varieties

Arcadia grapes

Features of the greenhouse for grapes

A greenhouse designed for growing grapes has significant differences in its design from traditional greenhouses for tomatoes and cucumbers. Let's consider separately all the features that need to be taken into account during the construction.

Dimensions. A greenhouse for growing grapes should have a considerable height - from 2.5 to 3 meters or more, depending on the design and size of the trellises. The optimal building area designed to meet your own need for grapes is 25-30 m2. Larger greenhouses can be used to grow berries for sale or to make wine.

Greenhouse for growing grapes

Foundation. The soil in the greenhouse for grapes must be reliably protected from freezing. In addition, without a foundation, weeds, pests and uncontrolled drafts will penetrate inside. Build a shallow concrete strip foundation.

Sheathing. For a greenhouse, it is desirable to use transparent cellular polycarbonate - a material with high light transmission and good thermal insulation properties. Plastic wrap is acceptable, but only for unheated structures.

Greenhouse example diagram

Frame. Grapes do not like haste and do not start producing a good harvest immediately, therefore the greenhouse must be durable and have a significant service life. And as a material for the frame, the optimal choice in such conditions would be a galvanized steel profiled pipe - it is strong enough, durable and easy to work with.

Heating. If it is planned to grow grape varieties that are not designed for cold weather, then the greenhouse will need heating. To do this, you can use infrared lamps suspended from the ceiling (in this case, you will need to significantly strengthen the frame of the building), or a heating cable brought under the ground of the greenhouse. For lovers of simple options, the arrangement of conventional heating radiators is suitable.

IR lamps for heating greenhouses

Heating cable installation

Lighting. Southern grape varieties in Siberia or the Northwest may lack sunlight. This deficiency can be corrected with the help of special fluorescent lamps. They are presented in luminescent, LED and sodium subtypes.

Ventilation. For a small greenhouse, designed for growing grapes for own consumption, two vents located in the gables of the building will be enough. If it is planned to produce berries or wine for sale, then the greenhouse should be larger, respectively, the number of transoms should increase. To ensure an optimal microclimate, equip all vents with thermal cylinders that open and close the doors at a certain air temperature inside.

Photo of a bimetallic element of automatic greenhouse ventilation

Special fan for greenhouse

Important! Unlike other crops, grapes do not require frequent watering. But with its manual (watering) implementation, you have to spend a lot of labor and time. The arrangement of an automatic irrigation system controlled through a conventional valve or a special microcontroller will help to partially solve this problem.

Drip irrigation in the greenhouse

Do-it-yourself greenhouse trellis

The main element of the greenhouse for growing grapes are trellises - trellises that serve as a support and a means of controlling the direction of growth of agricultural crops. There are many varieties of this design, vertical single-plane and horizontal T-shaped trellises are best suited for use in a greenhouse. Let's see how they are created.

Trellis for growing grapes in the greenhouse

Roughly speaking, vertical single-plane trellises are a fence made of wooden pegs or metal pipes, between which a wire is stretched with a certain pitch. The vines are attached to the wire and shaped in a certain way.

Scheme of an example of a trellis for grapes

As a result, it becomes possible to grow a larger number of bunches per unit area and, accordingly, to obtain bountiful harvests. You can equip vertical trellises as follows.

Step 1. Inside the greenhouse, mark out the places for the pegs.

Step 2. Drive in stakes or pipes at the desired points. For the first, use a beam of 50x50 mm, for the second - steel pipes with a cross section of 7-10 cm.The depth into which they are driven is 1-1.5 m, the height of the trellis above the ground level is 3-3.5 m. The distance between the individual stakes or pipes - from up to 6 m.

An example of a vertical trellis for grapes with a seedling in a trench

Important! Processing wooden stakes with protective compounds is undesirable - these compounds can subsequently harm the vine, leaves or berries. Copper sulfate is a safe alternative.

Step 3. At a height of 50 cm from the grape seedling, pull a wire with a cross section of 3 mm. Fasten with wire loops, nails or metal staples.

Step 4. Pull the second one 35-40 cm above the first wire.

Step 5. Repeat step # 4 two to four more times (depending on the required height of the trellis).

Step 6. At a distance of at least 0.5-0.75 m, start installing a new trellis.

Advice! The arrangement of the cornice will help to increase the useful area of ​​the vertical single-plane trellis, as in the image below.

Vertical tapestries with cornice

Horizontal trellises are arranged somewhat differently. They can be either T-shaped supports, between which a wire is stretched at intervals of 30-40 cm, or a lattice using thick metal pipes as a support. The latter design turns out to be quite complex and heavy, but at the same time very convenient for harvesting - bunches of berries hang at the level of the head of an average person and there are no problems with removal. In addition, strawberries or other similar crops can be grown under these horizontal trellises at the same time.

T-shaped trellis

An example of growing dark grapes on a horizontal trellis

Important! Regardless of the design, the top rows of the trellis should not be closer to the greenhouse cladding than 30-40 cm. Otherwise, there will be a risk that the grapes will get sunburn.

The upper part of this vine bush is on the gazebo, the lower part is like a single-plane trellis

Planting grape seedlings

It is necessary to start planting seedlings in late winter or early spring, it all depends on the grape variety and its frost resistance, while the plant material must meet the following requirements:

• absence of fungus and diseases;
• strong and healthy roots;
• lack of mechanical damage;
• no traces of freezing.

The place for planting a seedling should be no less than 30-50 cm from the greenhouse sheathing. The interval between plants in a row depends on the specific variety and can reach from 0.5 to 1.5 m. The preparation and implementation of planting is carried out according to a certain technology.

Step 1. Dig a hole 80x80 cm and a depth of 70 cm. It is advisable to equip the trellises at the same stage.

Scheme of a finished hole with a grape seedling

The depth of the pit should be 70 cm

How to prepare a planting pit for grapes

Step 2. Place a quarter of a bucket of wood ash on the bottom.

Step 3. Equip a drainage layer with a thickness of 20 cm. To do this, fill in expanded clay or gravel. Insert a 10-12 cm tube into the resulting layer, which will be used for watering. Its height above ground level should be at least 5-10 cm.

Drainage layer

Important! The drainage layer does not have to be arranged directly under the future seedling. It can be arranged nearby, at the entry point of the irrigation tube.In this case, the depth of the pit directly under the seedling is reduced to 50-60 cm.

Arrangement of pipes for irrigation and drainage layer

Step 4. Prepare the seedling substrate. There are two recipes. In the first, 1 part of sand is used for 2 parts of humus and 5 parts of fertile soil. In the second recipe, for 1 unit of sand mass, 2 units of peat and 4 units of loam are taken. Add fertilizer or lime to the substrate (the latter is taken from a ratio of 100 g per bucket).

Step 5. Pour the substrate into the hole with a layer 20 cm thick and pour water over it. If the substrate has settled and decreased in volume, add more.

Backfilling of the substrate

Step 6. Plant the seedling in the soil, straighten the lower root system and add another 15-20 cm of substrate on top. As a result, the remaining depth of the hole should be 10-20 cm. Orient the seedling parallel to the greenhouse sheathing.

Planting a seedling

Planting scheme for seedlings

Advice! To plant a large number of seedlings, you can dig a trench of appropriate depth, width and length.

If you plan to plant a seedling not in spring, but in autumn, take care of it with the right shelter for the winter.

Grape care and pollination

The main principles of ensuring good conditions for grapes are the right temperature, access to sunlight and the formation of shoots.

Diagram of the vine care cycle

The temperature is regulated by heating and ventilation. The optimal regimen for grapes depends on the stage of growth. So, in the spring, at the stage of bud formation, the plant needs + 10-20 ° С during the day, at least +8 ° С at night. During the flowering period, the optimum temperature during the day is + 25 ° С, at night + 15 ° С. And when the berries begin to ripen and fill with juice, it should be a little hotter in the greenhouse - + 30 ° С during the daytime and + 18-20 ° С in the dark. When using artificial heating, try to reproduce these cycles so that the plant is not stressed and produces the best yield.

The optimal temperature regime for grapes depends on the stage of growth.

Important! The above values ​​for optimum temperatures are general. More accurate values ​​depend on the specific grape variety, therefore, before choosing each of them, read in detail the description and experience of working with this or that species.

Providing access to sunlight is achieved through the correct design of the trellises and their correct location. In addition, make sure that the vines on the lower wires are not shaded; if necessary, it is permissible to cut a certain number of sheets in that place.

Shoot formation is a very important part of grape care. As a result, you should form strong branches with fruiting vines. Stepsons (also called shoots of the second order) and weak branches should be cut to the first "eye". This way, you will not allow the plant's resources to be wasted on parts that will not yield crops. In addition, you need to trim the tops of the shoots several times each season. Forming grapes is a whole art, and for a better understanding of the process, you should consult a specialist or reference literature on viticulture.

Grape care

The structure of the grape bush

Inspect the bunches regularly. If damaged, rotten or diseased berries are found, cut them off immediately. In addition, sometimes it is necessary to thin out clusters of small fruits and weak branches in order to avoid overloading and “direct resources” to higher quality berries. The optimal distance between branches during ripening is from 6 to 8 mm. Carry out thinning carefully, using long and thin scissors, so as not to cause additional damage.

Thinning grapes in the greenhouse

Since in the greenhouse, most likely, there will be no bees, the pollination of the grapes must be carried out independently. Perform the event after the opening of the flowers of the plant. Everything is quite simple - light and quick blows are applied along the stem.An alternative way is to tap the flowers of one plant and then transfer the pollen on the hand to another.

Removing a vertical cordon

Video - Growing grapes in the middle lane

Video - Caring for grapes

Watering and feeding

It is worth noting that the grapes do not require frequent watering. Excess moisture can damage the crop and cause the berries to crack. Perform the first watering even before planting the seedling, when forming a hole - 20 liters of warm water for each. Then the same amount - after planting, the place should be well saturated with water, but make sure that due to excess moisture the plant does not "drown" and does not start to rot.

An example of a do-it-yourself subsoil irrigation scheme

After seven days, watering is repeated, while mulching the soil in the hole with the seedling is also performed. Further, in the summer, the grapes are supplied with water once a week, watering should be done either in specially dug holes and grooves, or in a tube inserted into the drainage layer - most of the moisture should flow to the lower roots of the plant. During the ripening of the berries, the frequency of watering is reduced so that the fruits do not crack from an excess of moisture. In the future, plants with an age of several years are watered as needed, carefully controlling the level of moisture in the earth - the latter should not be overdried, but its transformation into sticky and wet mud is also undesirable.

If you bring flexible hoses to the pipes, watering can be automated

Top dressing of grapes is carried out in four stages:

• in the spring when disembarking;
• 15-12 days before flowering;
• when forming berries with a diameter of a pea;
• at the beginning of ripening.

In all cases, superphosphates, potash and nitrogen fertilizers are used. It is allowed to use top dressing in liquid form, as well as slurry. The exact values ​​of fertilizers that need to be applied to each plant depend on the specific variety, be sure to check this point when buying seedlings from a grower.

Table of mutual influence of fertilizers at combined application

Growing roses in a greenhouse for sale

Growing roses in a greenhouse for sale is a profitable business, as the demand for the queen of flowers does not decrease even during the winter months. Depending on the region, the profitability can be 200% or more, and the payback period does not exceed two years.

Preparing grapes for winter

After harvesting, caring for the grapes does not end - you need to prepare for the winter. Shoots must be protected from hypothermia. To do this, they are removed from the trellis wires and laid on the ground. It is desirable that this is the bottom of the trench, which lies below ground level. Then the shoots are covered from above with straw, spruce branches or other similar materials. It makes sense to put poison from mice there as well, otherwise rodents in the greenhouse can cause significant harm to plants.

Reed for shelter

Sheltered for the winter grapes

If it is possible to temporarily dismantle the roof of the greenhouse - do it, the snow that has fallen will help protect the grapes from hypothermia. Also, do not forget to make a snow shaft around the walls of the greenhouse in December so that the soil inside does not freeze too quickly.

As mentioned above, growing grapes in a greenhouse is a complex, laborious and long process. But the reward for the effort expended is also appropriate. And for experienced gardeners, grapes from greenhouses can be a good source of income.

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