Mark the plants grown by the people of greece

Sahke01 / 05 oct. 2013, 08:15:45 PM

1. On the slopes of the mountains, the ancient Greeks grew:

grapes and olives;

dates and figs;

rice and tea;

wheat and barley.

2. How did the inhabitants of ancient Greece call themselves:

Greeks;

Hellenes;

meteki;

Thracians.

3. The perpetrator of the outbreak of the Trojan War, according to Homer's poem "Iliad", was the son of King Priam:

Patroclus;

Hector;

Paris;

Telemac.

4. Insert the missing hero name:

Taking his bow, _________ drew the bowstring in an instant.

In his house he destroyed all the violent suitors here,

taking revenge on them for all their iniquities and for all offenses.

1) Telemac; 2) Odysseus; 3) Achilles; 4) Paris.

^ 5. In what degree of kinship are Poseidon, Zeus, Hades.

Siblings;

godfather;

cousins;

father and sons.

^ 6. The bird was called the messenger of Zeus:

1) falcon; 2) eagle; 3) peacock; 4) crow.

7. Who built a golden palace for the gods on Olympus:

1) Ares; 2) Apollo; 3) Hephaestus; 4) Dionysus.

^ 8. Which of the gods was accompanied by the muses:

1) Demeter; 2) Apollo; 3) Hades; 4) Poseidon.

9. What goddess was called "warrior":

1) Aphrodite; 2) Athena; 3) Hera; 4) Demeter.

^ 10.What was the name of the god of war in Greece:

1) Ares; 2) Hephaestus; 3) Hermes; 4) Dionysus.

The favorable climate of this country accompanies the fact that on the lands of Greece any crops could be grown. Agricultural lands and territories allow even tropical fruits to be grown. Almost all of the cultivated land belongs to small private enterprises that grow crops. There are also large farms.

The share of agricultural production in the country's GDP is about 7%. A little more than 12% of Greek citizens work in this area. The authorities do their utmost to promote the development of agriculture and have long developed programs to subsidize such enterprises. But most farms, nevertheless, attract foreign citizens to work positions. Most of the visiting workers are Romanians and Albanians.

Greece nature Is not only fertile land. Their share is not large. High mountain ranges that geographically separate different settlements in Greece, well protect fertile land from the wind. Snow lingering on the tops of the mountains perfectly nourishes the soil in the warm season. A distinctive microclimate has been formed on each plain. Plants are perfectly adapted to it, which are best acclimatized in the south. But the northern part of the country is not deprived of conditions for growing agricultural products. The flat part of Thessaly is especially successful in this respect. The ancient Greeks grew the most unpretentious crops. Among them: wheat, barley, millet. Last but not least were grapes and olives. Whole groves of olives occupied at all times the vast territory of the camp. The richest and most fertile regions did not skimp. From there, grain and fruit were sent for export.

What is the most profitable to grow

Most of the products that the Greeks produce are exported. The following are very popular:

1. Olives.

2. Citrus crops.

3. Grape.

4. Cotton.

5. Tobacco.

Climate in Greece favorable, but in some periods too dry. This requires a special attitude to the land and the products grown. The Greeks developed irrigation technology. Such measures have to be taken on an area of ​​over 2.5 million hectares. This helps to achieve a fairly high yield. Farmers also have to deal with soil erosion. This takes a lot of finance.

The most beloved and popular culture among the Greeks is nightshade.In common people - tomatoes. According to experts, the Greeks get a tomato harvest of almost 2 million tons annually. Not less popular are:

• potato;

• beet;

• beans;

• wheat;

• other grain crops (up to 5 million tons per year).

The Greeks sell a small part of the above products to other states. Most often, barley, corn and wheat are sold.

Large farms use modern technologies for growing crops. With the support of the state and optimal technical equipment, entrepreneurs almost completely meet the needs of the population.

Greece is the largest producer of olives and tobacco

Such crops grow best in the south of the country, as well as in its central part. The production of olives is also being developed on the islands. In general, olive groves occupy about 500 thousand hectares. Thanks to original technologies, Greek olive oil is not inferior in richness and quality to a Spanish or Italian product. Only in terms of export volumes of these products is an order of magnitude less.

The best varieties of tobacco grow in the hills of Macedonia. They also exist in Thrace. Despite the fact that the brand “Cuban cigars” is heard all over the world, the Greek ones are no less popular.

The second and subsequent places are occupied by crops of corn and barley. Even the rice fields manage to place the Greeks on their territories. This culture requires a lot of moisture saturation. There is plenty of it in the townships of Vardar and Strimon.

Apples, figs, pears, apricots, peaches, lemons, oranges, tangerines are well distributed in the Greek lands. They grow mainly along the shores of the Aegean Sea. Citrus and other fruits are not grown only in the northern part of the country. Vineyards also occupy a large share of agricultural production. There are over a million hectares of them in the country. All regions of Greece are famous for winemaking. The most famous grape varieties are sultaninfa, cinnamon. The wine is produced on the island of Samos.

Cotton is grown on the banks of Vardara. It is also produced on the island of Lemnos, as well as in Boeotia. This culture is no less valuable than others, because with its help the Greeks fully provide themselves with fabrics and textiles. Enough even for export to France, Germany. Greece is famous for its carpets. Without cotton production, it would be difficult and expensive to weave so many carpets.

Wine

Winemaking in Greece is a traditional art. The development of this craft in the country dates back to ancient times. Ballads and myths about the god of winemaking Dionysus confirm this. The climate in Greece is quite suitable for the cultivation of this crop. In winter, the Mediterranean Sea provides coolness and more rain than in summer, when it is dry and hot. The grapes came to mainland Greece from the islands of the Aegean Sea and Crete.

Wine drinking by the Greeks has long acquired a rather cultural tradition. This is a special meal that accompanies an abundance of food. Greeks revered red wine. Each stage of growing, harvesting grapes and processing fruits is associated with the holidays according to the Christian calendar.

Traditionally for a month wine in greece scheduled for November. Despite the fact that the celebrations in honor of Dionysius are far from Christian rites, the Greeks preserved them. The celebrations start on November 3rd.

Wine in Greece more than 4 million hectoliters are produced annually. Part of this amount is consumed by the Greeks themselves, but a huge part of it is exported. Russia is not the last in the list of the best varieties for export.

Some grape varieties for wine production grow only in Greece. There are quite a few varieties of them. White varieties are filled with unrivaled aromas. Reds are rich and unique. Sandorini is famous for them. The soft, pleasant bouquet reveals the richness of the taste gradually.

As in the days of Ancient Greece, the people of this country still celebrate the Day of the beginning of the harvest. The event lasts overnight.

A little more about Greek fruits

Every tourist who comes to rest in this country, having looked at the local oranges, notes their rather nondescript appearance. But as soon as he tastes a piece, he immediately understands - greek oranges very sweet and juicy, and henceforth ceases to pay attention to the unsightly rind of this citrus.

Some varieties of oranges Greeks grow for juice production, others for food. They differ in that they are easily peeled from the skin by simply pressing the fingers. The rind is also not thrown away. This product is great for producing essential oils.

Citrus and other fruits Greeks grow not only in outdoor gardens, but also in greenhouses. Themselves, representatives of this people prefer to eat seasonal fruits grown in natural conditions.

Oranges and other citrus varieties, including grapefruits, have time to ripen up to 3 times a year. There are fruits from the same category, which are harvested in a relatively cold period.

Greek strawberry begins to ripen in March. Her harvest is harvested before the end of July. Even earlier, the Greeks get the fruits of the sweet cherry. It is harvested from April to mid-summer. Sweet and juicy peaches ripen in May. Some cultivars “reach their condition” by August. Apricots ripen by June and delight the Greeks until the end of July. Medlar, for which most of the Aegean coast is famous, ripens by May. The richest harvest is taken in June.

The grapes, which, unlike Russia with its climate, do not need special care, are harvested in August. Late varieties ripen by October.

Figs in Greece are usually called "fig" or "fig". It is a late fruit that bears fruit from August to November. Still later, pomegranates are harvested - from the beginning of autumn to the end of December. A little earlier - watermelons - from June to September. At the same time, the harvest of melons and gourds ripens. Among them, small round melons are in priority. Pears and apples are harvested in August. Late fruits ripen in December.

Who does not get tired of repeating that “Greece has everything”Is not mistaken. Even bananas grow there. They are mostly small. They are grown in the east of Crete. Mini bananas delight Greeks all year round.

Olive Tree

Flora and fauna of Greece is very rich and varied, as the territory of Greece is located in different climatic zones. There are tropical plants, date palms. The main plant in Greece and very valuable can be considered the olive tree. It has been cultivated here since ancient times to the present day. It is the olives grown in Greece that are considered the best in the world.

Fauna of greece

The fauna of Greece is also very rich, there are many porcupines, badgers, hares, ducks, wild boars. A large number of foxes, lynxes and brown bears. The more northern regions of Greece are inhabited by wolves and jackals, in the south by partridges, eagles and owls. The water world of Greece is very rich; a huge number of shellfish and fish are caught here every year.

Lynx in the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula

Few wild animals survived on the territory of Greece and their population is very small. Historically, for about eight thousand years, people have constantly destroyed plants and animals in this country. The most common animals in Greece are numerous species of mice, badgers, porcupines, hares. There are also species that are listed in the Red Book, such as the monk seal and sea turtle.
There is a great number of reptiles in Greece - lizards and snakes, since they are the ones who are less sensitive to the hot climate of Greece.
From the class of birds, here you can most often find partridges, kingfishers, wild ducks and predators - kites, eagles and owls.
There are many gulls on the coasts of Greece, as well as many marine life - shellfish and fish.

Flora of greece

The flora of Greece is very rich - more than 5,000 plants, including many wild flowers and unique plant species. The most common are freegang shrubs and maquis. The Halkidiki peninsula is rich in pine forests. Plane and cypress trees are very common.They are centenarians (the approximate age reaches several thousand years). Olive is the most valuable and widespread tree in Greece.
Beautiful views open to our eyes during spring flowering, all slopes are strewn with flowers - cyclamens, lilies, tulips.
Greece is very rich in walnuts, where they are called "acorns of the gods", they grow on spreading trees with a crown reaching 30 meters in height. Jam is made from green nuts, and mature ones are used not just for food, but also delabet oil from them.
The flora and fauna of Greece on the island of Corfu, described by the great naturalist Gerald Durrell, is very informative - he spent almost 5 years on this island as a child.

General information about Greece

Greece located in the south of the Balkan Peninsula and on the adjacent 2000 islands of the Mediterranean, Aegean and Ionian Seas, which account for almost 20% of its territory and of which only 166 are inhabited. Greece borders on land with Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria and Turkey. From west to east the Aegean Sea stretches a chain of islands - the Cyclades, and from north to south along the coast of Asia Minor - Sporades (Dodecanese). In the south, the Aegean Sea seems to be closed by Crete, the largest island in Greece. The Ionian Islands are located along the western shores.

The country is named after the ethnonym of the people - the Greeks.

Official name: Hellenic Republic

Capital: Athens

The area of ​​the land: 132 thousand sq. km

Total population: 11.3 million people

Administrative division: 51 nomes (prefecture), which are divided into 264 dimas (districts), and a special administrative unit - the region of the Holy Mountain - Athos.

Form of government: Republic.

Head of State: The president.

Population composition: 93% are Greeks, 7% are Turks, Albanians, Bulgarians, Macedonians and Armenians.

Official language: Greek

Religion: 98% are Greek Orthodox. There are Muslims, Catholics and Protestants.

Internet domain: .gr

Mains voltage: ~ 230 V, 50 Hz

Country dialing code: +30

Country barcode: 520

Climate

The climate of Greece is subtropical Mediterranean. On the territory of the country, it differs somewhat. In the northern half of Greece, the coldest months are January and February. At this time, at night, the air temperature drops to slightly positive values ​​(+ 1 ... + 3), and in some years to slightly negative (0 ... -2), in the daytime it is 8 ... 10 degrees.

The warmest seasons are July and August. Even at night in these months, the temperature does not fall below +20, during the day it often crosses the thirty-degree line. The rainiest period in the north of the country lasts from November to January. At this time, the number of days with precipitation ranges from 10 to 12 days per month. The driest period: from July to September (monthly number of days with rainfall from 3 to 5).

The climate of the plains and foothills of central Greece is practically the same as in the north. But in the mountainous regions, which occupy most of the territory, the temperature is much lower, and some mountain peaks are covered with snow all year round.

In the south of Greece, the coldest months are January and February, when at night the air temperature is about + 6o, in the daytime 12 ... 13o. The hottest time is July. In it, at night, its value is 22 ... 23 degrees, in the daytime, on average, + 30 ... + 33 degrees. The maximum number of days with precipitation occurs in November - January (the number of days with precipitation during the month is 12-16), the driest period is from June to September (the number of days with precipitation during the month is 2-4).

On the islands, temperatures are higher at night, and the heat of the day is mitigated by the cool breeze blowing from the sea. The coldest time of the year is from December to March. At night at this time it is from 5 to 8 degrees, in the daytime 11 ... 16 degrees. The warmest time of the year is from June to September, when at night the temperature is 21 ... 22, in the daytime 27 ... 30 degrees. The wettest time is from December to February (the number of days with precipitation in each of the months is 9-12), the driest is from June to September (not a drop of rain may fall for the entire month of this period).

The swimming season begins in May, when the water temperature rises from +17 to +19 during the month. In the summer period (from June to August) it is 20 ... 25 degrees, in September and October 21 ... 23 degrees. During the rest of the year, the water temperature off the coast of Greece does not fall below +15 degrees.

Geography

Greece occupies the southeastern and southern parts of the Balkan Peninsula, as well as a number of islands, which account for a fifth of the territory. The largest islands are Crete, Rhodes, Lesvos, Evia. Greece's neighbors to the north are Macedonia and Bulgaria, to the northwest - Albania, to the northeast - Turkey. From the south, the country is washed by the Mediterranean Sea, from the west - by the Ionian, from the east - by the Aegean.

On the northern coast of the Aegean Sea, called Thrace, are the southern spurs of the Rhodope Mountains. The central part of mainland Greece is occupied by the Pindus mountain range, the highest point of which is Olympus, the home of the ancient mythological gods. Olympus rises to a height of 2917 m. On the peninsulas, the mountains are rocky, but in some places they recede inland, giving way to flat areas. The relief of the numerous islands is also mountainous. The largest plains in Greece, Thessalian and Thessaloniki, are located along the coast of the Aegean Sea.

The rivers of Greece are small in length. Basically, they flow along the faults in the mountains, so they have a fast current. The main rivers are Arachtos, Aheloos, Alyakmon, Pinios and Sperchios (mainland), Alfios and Evrotas (Peloponnese), Axios (Vardar), Strimon (Struma) and Nestos (Mesta) (Macedonia and Thrace). There are many karst lakes in Greece, there are also mineral springs. The area of ​​Greece is 132 thousand sq. Km.

Flora and fauna

Vegetable world

Vegetation in Greece is very diverse (there are more than 6 thousand species of plants) and varies depending on the height above sea level. Shrubs predominate: they cover 25% of the country's territory, while forests - only 19%. In ancient times, only a small part of the land was suitable for processing and cultivation of agricultural crops. In order to get new territories for arable land and gardens, they began to cut down the forests covering the slopes of the mountains. Therefore, now only 12% of the country's territory is occupied by forests.

They say that "Greece was eaten by goats." Indeed, sheep and goats, long bred by the Greeks, ate and trampled the young shoots of trees. The thickets of evergreens - maquis and shiblyak - are widespread here. Typical for Greece and thickets of frigans - low, poorly deciduous thorny dwarf shrubs. Many scientists believe that this is secondary vegetation, formed on the site of oak forests cut down in antiquity.

Plains and almost all foothills are covered with evergreen Mediterranean vegetation. For this belt, the most characteristic are maquis and freegan. There are groves of pines, evergreen oaks, cypresses and plane trees. On the peninsula grows mastic pistachio - a deciduous plant. If you make a notch on it, juice will flow - mastic, a transparent varnish is made from the dog, which is used to cover picturesque paintings.

The so-called "evergreen belt" mainly consists of cultivated vegetation. Its most typical representative is olive (olive). It is impossible to imagine Greece without olive groves. The olive branch has long been a symbol of Greek culture, the Greek land. Meanwhile, the olive is as much a newcomer here as the Greek tribes. The homeland of the olive tree is the sultry shores of Phenicia. The Phoenicians, fearless sailors, were the first to explore the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. They brought the seeds of an unprecedented plant to Crete. In Crete, they loved curiosities. This is how the first olive grove appeared near the palace of Minos.

In the coastal lowlands (especially in Central and Northern Greece), most of the land is occupied by grain fields, as well as cotton and tobacco plantations. On the plains and in the foothills, vineyards and orchards of Mediterranean fruit trees are widespread. Pyramidal cypresses are often found near settlements. Fruit orchards are often lined with tall natural hedges of agave and prickly pear, which complement the colorful picture of the cultivated vegetation of the evergreen belt.

Evergreen and deciduous forests grow from 120 to 460 m - oak, black spruce, walnut, beech, sumac. The belt that follows the "evergreen belt" is a belt of mountain forests and shrubs, in which, with an increase in altitude, cultural vegetation is increasingly replaced by natural, evergreen forests and shrubs are replaced by deciduous ones, and the latter are replaced by conifers reaching the upper border of the forest, and wild flowers such as anemones and cyclamens.

Higher on the slopes, first deciduous (oak, maple, sycamore, ash, linden, chestnut, beech in the upper part) grow, and then coniferous (fir, pine) forests; above 2000 m - subalpine meadows.

Greece, like the Balkans in general, is replete with walnuts. They are called the acorns of the gods, and they grow on deciduous trees with a spreading crown up to 30 meters high. Jam is made from unripe nuts, ripe nuts and nut butter are very healthy and tasty.

Animal world

There is little natural vegetation in Greece, the fauna of the country is poor in mammals, especially large ones, which were exterminated by humans for several millennia. The red deer is almost exterminated, but small animals such as rabbits and hares are common. Larger animals are still found in the mountains: in the Pinda and the mountains along the border with Bulgaria, the ibex and brown bear are found, in more distant woodlands, the wolf can be found.

Also among the predators in Greece you can see a wild cat, fox, jackal, stone marten, badger, wild boar, European bear, lynx. Among ungulates, there are Cretan wild goat, fallow deer, roe deer, wild boar. On the territory of Greece, there are many animals listed in the Red Book, among them: the Mediterranean sea turtle, the monk seal.

The most numerous of mammals are rodents (porcupine, gray hamster, mice, dormouse, voles, etc.), southern species of bats and insectivores - shrews, hedgehogs, moles. In Greece, a variety of reptiles - turtles, lizards, snakes. They easily tolerate heat and lack of moisture during the dry summer season. The land greek turtle, the most common species of turtle in the country, lives in the woodlands. Of the many lizards, the most typical for Greece are rocky, or wall, Greek sharp-headed, Peloponnesian, Ionic and the largest in Europe - green. Among snakes, runners, snakes, and a horned viper are especially common.

The world of birds is also diverse. Quails, wild ducks, pigeons, wood pigeons and klintukh, gray and especially mountain partridges, brightly feathered hoopoes, rolling rollers, kingfishers, and of the predatory animals - kites, black vultures, eagles, falcons, owls are the most typical representatives of the bird fauna of Greece and the entire Mediterranean. Flocks of seagulls are numerous on the sea coasts.

The long-nosed cormorant, the curly pelican, and the stork are also characteristic of Greece. The forests are inhabited by the southern green woodpecker, mountain bunting. Representatives of the order of passerines are typical for the country - stone sparrow, canary finch, Greek swallow. There are also many types of terrestrial molluscs (snails). So, in Crete, there are 120 species of molluscs, of which 77 are characteristic only of this territory.

sights

• Melissani cave
• Acropolis of Athens
• White Tower in Thessaloniki
• Mount Olympus
• The sunken city of Olus
• Castle of the knights-johannite
• Knossos palace
• Minotaur Labyrinth
• Rhodes fortress
• Lake Woolismeni
• Zeus statue in Olympia
• Theater of Dionysus
• Samaria gorge
• Temple at Delphi
• Temple of Olympian Zeus
• Meteora monasteries
• Navagio beach

Banks and currency

Since 2002, a new currency has been introduced in Greece - the euro. Only euros and credit cards are accepted everywhere. Euros can be easily bought at exchange offices, including hotels, and exchanged back into dollars when leaving the country. Banknotes of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 euros and coins of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents are used. One euro - 100 cents. There is no “black market” for currency exchange.

In fur shops, US dollars are often accepted for payment.

The working day of Greek banks is very short - from 8:00 to 13:00, at the latest - until 14:00. Exchange offices work until 20.00 even on weekends, but from 1 to 2% is charged for the exchange operation. There are many ATMs in the country that accept Visa, MasterCard and others. Traveler's checks are also widely used.

Useful information for tourists

In restaurants, taverns and cafes, it is customary to tip in the amount of 5-10% of the order. You don't have to wait for the waiter to pay - you can just leave the money on the plate on which the invoice was brought.

There is only one strict prohibition: when visiting monasteries, you must not wear shorts, T-shirts, and women must not wear trousers and miniskirts. In this case, it is not necessary to wear hats. In many monasteries, there is a small room in front of the entrance, where long skirts and loose trousers hang, which can be worn in case your clothes are too frivolous.