What varieties of strawberries can be grown in the greenhouse all year round?

Strawberry - the favorite of all gardeners - certainly present in all summer cottages.

It cannot be said that she very demanding in carehowever, when grown outdoors, it does not give an adequate return on the effort expended.

Affected by weather conditions, illness, lack of heat, especially in the middle and northern part of our country.

…

Greenhouse benefits

A completely different result can be obtained by growing strawberries in a greenhouse on a personal plot. The benefits of growing strawberries and strawberries in a greenhouse are obvious. This will allow get several harvests a year, will significantly reduce the risk of plant diseases and its dependence on weather conditions.

Observing the required temperature, humidity and watering, you can grow a berry that has the most optimal taste and appearance, while retaining the maximum useful properties in it.

Technology

In fact, there are two technologies for growing strawberries - Russian and Dutch... But we must pay tribute to our inventive gardeners, who immediately figured out how to reduce the cost of Dutch technology.

Russian

The technology for growing strawberries in a greenhouse is as follows: the greenhouse is divided into beds (their number depends on the size of the structure) 1 m wide. Bushes are planted in the prepared soil at a distance of about 30 cm from each other. Can plant in rows or staggered.

Dutch

This method gives a high yield due to the larger number of plants per 1 sq. m greenhouses. How to properly grow strawberries using this technology? Tiers are built instead of beds, on which the pots with seedlings are located. 1 pot - 1 plant. The number of tiers depends only on the height at which it is convenient for the gardener to process it. Advantages this way obvious:

• higher productivity;
• ease of picking berries;
• less risk of disease, since the berry does not come into contact with the ground;
• high quality of the products obtained due to the fact that a plant in abundance receives light, oxygen and heat;
• saving water for irrigation.

Russian answer to Dutch technology

Our gardeners were quick to reduce the cost of Dutch technology by offering an alternative to pots. in the form of plastic bags... Soil is poured into them and holes are made on top, into which strawberry rosettes are planted.

The bags can be placed horizontally, and you can make vertical beds out of them. This option has a significant disadvantage - it is the complexity of processing and watering... Nevertheless, this option is quite popular.

Variety selection

Choosing the right strawberry varieties for your greenhouse is half the battle. How to grow strawberries in a greenhouse and what varieties should you plant? When choosing a planting material, you should pay attention to the following parameters:

• the size of the berries and their taste;
• remontant varieties;
• neutrality with respect to daylight hours;
• the region for which the hybrid was bred;
• yield;
• disease resistance;
• self-pollinated strawberry varieties.

If strawberries are grown for sale, then the best varieties of strawberries for the greenhouse are it is firm and not watery, with medium sized berries... It can handle transportation well and sells better than small or large.

The following varieties have proven themselves well:

Alba - an early variety with large berries and high transport qualities, disease resistant;

Octave has the same qualities as Alba;

Queen Elizabeth - remontant variety, sweet large berry of medium density, bears fruit not only on bushes, but also on rosettes of the same year, suitable for transportation, requires annual renewal;

Honey - large dense berries up to 45 g, has high immunity and is resistant to temperature extremes.

Alice - unpretentious, with good immunity and large berries;

Christine - early maturing, suitable for transportation.

Specialists recommend neutral day and remontant varieties strawberries for greenhouses that are unpretentious in care. In total, there are about 250 varieties of strawberries suitable for greenhouse cultivation.

First of all, the yield of strawberries in a greenhouse depends on the choice of the variety and the cultivation technology. When creating optimal conditions and proper care, the plant will give several harvests a year.
The following factors affect the yield:

• growing method;
• choice of a greenhouse;
• the quality of the planting material;
• temperature, humidity and watering;
• correctly selected fertilizers;
• disease resistance;
• light mode;
• correctly selected pollination regime.

Growing all year round

How to grow strawberries in a greenhouse all year round? Growing strawberries in a greenhouse requires certain knowledge and technology compliance. Then a good result will be ensured.

Greenhouse selection

This is an important factor, because the greenhouse must meet such requirements as good thermal insulation, light transmission, strength and resistance to adverse weather conditions.

The most suitable options are - glass and polycarbonate. How to build a greenhouse for growing strawberries with your own hands, read on our website.

Planting material

From its quality in many ways the final result depends, therefore, it is better to purchase it in proven nurseries. The second option is more reliable - to grow it yourself from already proven varieties. It is best to select planting material from plants grown in the open field.

To do this, select the strongest, well-bearing bushes during the summer. Mark them with a strip with an inscription. At the end of July collect the strongest, well-rooted mustache with a developed outlet. They can be transplanted to a separate place in order to transfer them to a permanent place in a greenhouse by mid-autumn (approximately the end of October).

Soil preparation

When growing strawberries using Russian technology, the soil is prepared as follows:

• the bottom of the prepared bed is covered with expanded clay or fine gravel 5-7 cm;
• followed by a layer of sand from 8 to 10 cm;
• a layer of fertile soil is laid on top of the sand and fertilized with superphosphate and ammonium nitrate (10 g per 1 sq. m).

You can add peat to the soil, it will not only give it porosity, but also provide the desired level of acidity. In addition to these fertilizers, you can also add potassium chloride (15 g per 1 sq. M). In Dutch potting technology, the soil must be sterile, non-toxic and porous. You can use steamed peat with sand, coconut fiber, or perlite. The soil should be prepared well before planting the strawberries.

Do not use for strawberries

land after potatoes

or cruciferous crops (all types of cabbage,

lettuce redis

). The most suitable is the land on which cereal plants were grown.

Landing

Planting takes place from late October to late November or late February - early March. For planting outlets in the garden, recesses 8-10 cm are made. Distance between bushes should be about 30 cm. To avoid long-term adaptation of the plant to a new place, transplanting planting material is best done by transshipment, leaving more soil on the roots.

When landing you cannot cover the growth point with earth... Immediately after planting, the soil is mulched with sawdust to retain moisture. It is not worth covering the bed with foil in the greenhouse, this can lead to stagnation of moisture and rotting of the roots. The first days in the greenhouse should be maintained at a temperature of at least 25 °, later it can be gradually lowered to 15 °.

Photo of strawberries in a greenhouse:

Care features

Strawberries are a great capricious woman, therefore it is important for a good harvest strict adherence to the rules of care for her.

Pollination

If you do not take care of pollination, you may not get a crop at all. This is the main challenge in strawberry greenhouse cultivation. In the open field she is pollinated by insects, with the help of wind and rain. For strawberries in a greenhouse, you can use the following equipment and methods:

1. Organize wind with fans... They will create air movement that will carry pollen from one plant to another. 100 sq. m, 3 fans are enough. They are included only during the flowering period. A few hours a day will be enough. To grow remontant strawberries in a greenhouse, this will need to be done more often, since they bloom several times per season. In this case switching on must be done up to 3 times a week for 3-4 hours. Efficiency up to 90%.
2. If the greenhouse is large, you can put a hive with bees in it. However, this method has several difficulties.

   There is not enough space for the bees to leave, so they will have to be released. They can also sting. But the pollination efficiency is up to 95%.

3. Spraying water from their stationary sprayers - organizing artificial rain. Due to the adhesion of pollen by moisture, the pollination efficiency is only 45%.
4. In case of not very strong winds and warm weather you can just make a draft in the greenhouse by opening windows or doors from opposite sides.

Temperature and humidity

If, after planting, it is permissible to lower the temperature to 15 °, then as the vegetative mass gains and the plant prepares for flowering, the temperature must be increased again.

For this period, it should not be lower than 18 °. During flowering you need to maintain a temperature of 22-25 ° in order to avoid falling off the ovary.

Important! Too high a temperature will lead to increased leaf growth at the expense of the quality of the fruit.

Humidity is an important indicator for plant development. After planting, for better development of seedlings, it should not be lower than 85%. When the seedlings take root, they are gradually reduced to 75%. During flowering and fruiting, the air humidity should not exceed 70%.

Illumination

Lighting directly affects strawberry yield. This is especially important when growing strawberries in a greenhouse in winter. On average, in winter, the daylight hours for a plant should be at least 12 hours. You can lengthen it as follows, including artificial lighting:

• in the morning from 8 to 11;
• in the evening from 17 to 20 hours.

For the organization of additional lighting in the greenhouse, fluorescent lamps with a blue spectrum are suitable. For growing strawberries with light, you can mount directly above the beds... They do not provide heat and cannot harm the plants. You can also use mercury and sodium luminaires specifically designed for greenhouses. The sodium lamp has a color spectrum similar to sunlight.

Watering

The most convenient way is drip irrigation... The good thing is that fertilizers can be dissolved in water, the automatic system adjusts to the frequency and volume of irrigation. After planting and before flowering, use the sprinkling method. Then it is replaced with watering at the root to avoid water getting on the leaves. Watering rate for strawberries - Once every 10 days.

When the first fruits appear, watering is increased up to 1-2 times a week in the morning or watered as needed. Collect ripe fruits before watering.

Top dressing

You need to feed strawberries once a week. Watering is done before fertilizing. Before the formation of ovaries do liquid feeding... Poultry droppings are often used diluted in a 1:15 ratio.

The following composition is also used: potassium salt (17 g), phosphorus fertilizer (20 g), ammonium nitrate (10) are diluted in 10 liters of water. Can use special fertilizers for strawberries, which are now on sale in a large assortment. Before the beginning of fruiting, liquid feeding is stopped.

Diseases and their prevention.

A greenhouse is not a complete protection against the occurrence of various diseases in a plant.

But easier to prevent than to cure, therefore, measures should be taken to prevent them:

• regularly ventilate the greenhouse;
• do not plant seedling bushes too close to each other;
• do not overflow the plant;
• fertilize on time.

Major diseases

1. White rot. It occurs when the humidity is too high, practically does not heal. The diseased plant is immediately removed and burned. For prevention you can dry the air in a greenhouse;
2. White spot. The reason for the appearance is excessive watering and high humidity. It is treated with Falcon, Euparen or copper sulfate according to the instructions for them;
3. Powdery mildew. The reason is high humidity and low temperature... It is treated with copper sulfate or soap solution (4%). It is best to remove the diseased plant and adjust the temperature and humidity regime;
4. Late blight. Affects plant roots. Sign - redness of the roots may not be immediately detected. Therefore, if at the end of May the plant begins to dry out, it must be dug up and the roots checked.

Treatment with Quadrix helps in part, but it is better to remove such a plant and to carry out wellness procedures the rest of the landings.

Growing strawberries in a greenhouse requires costs - labor and financial. But the result is worth it. When everyone else takes the frozen berry out of the refrigerator, you can feast on it right from the bush. Good luck and delicious bountiful harvest!

Watch a video on how to grow strawberries in a greenhouse:

Cultivation of strawberries in central Russia brings one harvest per season, while its quality is greatly influenced by external natural factors. A rainy, cold summer brings all expectations to nothing. The berries grow unsweetened, watery and small. In recent years, the cultivation of this thermophilic crop in greenhouses and greenhouses has attracted more and more attention from both amateur gardeners and farm business professionals. You can grow strawberries in greenhouses in summer or all year round. In the second case, berries are usually grown for sale. The cultivation technique in the greenhouse differs from open ground in some moments, which are due to the growing region, the season and the closedness of space.

Technology for growing strawberries in a greenhouse

For growing strawberries in a greenhouse, including in winter, two groups of factors are important:

• the first group - external conditions, unchanged for any variety. They must be observed both in classic open field farming and in greenhouse cultivation, both in summer and in winter. That is, these are the natural conditions without which the berry simply will not bear fruit. In an effort to get a crop in a greenhouse, we artificially create conditions close to natural;
• the second group is the characteristics that should be considered when choosing a particular variety.

Both groups are important for a perfect result.

Strawberry fruiting factors

In order for the berry to please all year round, it is worth knowing under what conditions fruiting occurs both in open and closed ground.

Table: conditions under which strawberries bear fruit

The main characteristics when choosing a strawberry variety for greenhouse breeding

An important point when cultivating strawberries indoors is the choice of the variety. Choosing the wrong variety for winter cultivation is fraught with disappointment and loss of yield. The criteria should be the growing region and the technical capabilities of the greenhouse. They are not covered in this article.

You should also pay attention to the following factors when cultivating strawberries in a closed greenhouse space, especially if it will be carried out in winter:

• pollination,
• early ripening,
• uniformity of fruit ripening,
• susceptibility to daylight hours.

Pollination

Pollinators are required for strawberry fruit formation. In the warm months of the year, open-air pollination occurs naturally with the participation of insects. However, they rarely enter the greenhouse, so placing a hive with bees in it may be one of the solutions.

In the colder months, when insects hibernate, they resort to artificial pollination. To do this, use a brush to transfer pollen from the opened flower to other plants. The whole process is simple, but in the case of growing large volumes of berries, it is very laborious and time-consuming.

Artificial pollination of strawberries is done with a brush or cotton swab

The second option for solving the issue of pollination is the choice of self-pollinated varieties. In this case, no mechanical human intervention in this process is required, and there is no need for the participation of insects. Almost all modern varieties of remontant strawberries are self-pollinated. The most famous are:

• Elsanta,
• Queen Elizabeth II,
• Ostara,
• Albion,
• Sijose,
• Lyubava,
• Fort Laremie,
• Miracle of Likhonosov,
• Geneva.

When choosing a variety, consider the characteristics of your region. One of the most famous self-pollinated varieties among gardeners is Queen Elizabeth II - a relatively young remontant strawberry variety. He is famous for his unpretentiousness and at the same time high productivity. It is appreciated for its ability to set a large number of fruits, for strong, dense berries that perfectly tolerate transportation, as well as freezing and subsequent defrosting.

Among the shortcomings, the need for weekly feeding of large bushes and the annual replacement of planting material is noted. Often used for greenhouse cultivation.

Berries of the Queen Elizabeth II strawberry variety have an excellent sweet and sour taste

Of course, new remontant varieties solve many problems, such as pollination during the cold season. But it is worth remembering that they require more care, frequent fertilizing with organic substances and mineral fertilizers, replacement of soil and bushes. This is inevitable compensation for continuous fruiting.

Early ripening

In the middle lane with its unstable climate, it is worth paying attention to crops with a short growing season. This applies to both open field and greenhouse crops.Growing early strawberries in a greenhouse will take less time, which means less labor, electricity and heating costs in winter.

One of the earliest varieties that has proven itself among both amateurs and professionals is Zephyr. This high-yielding variety produces up to one kilogram of berries per bush, ripens very early, and is resistant to drought and pest infestations. The fruits tolerate transportation well and are stored for a long time.

Strawberry variety Marshmallow - early and at the same time high-yielding

For more southern regions, you can suggest choosing crops with different ripening periods - medium and late. In this case, the principle of the continuity of the harvest will be observed. This is especially important in commercial strawberry cultivation.

Uniform ripening of fruits

This feature of the varieties is important for industrial cultivation. It will allow you to collect berries in large quantities. There will be no need for regular and frequent viewing of the bushes in search of newly ripe fruits. The crop will be harvested at a time or at regular intervals.

Daylight neutrality

Classic traditional varieties require long daylight hours for fruiting. There are varieties whose fruiting is not influenced by the length of daylight hours. If in nature it takes 8 hours of light per day to set strawberries, and about 16 hours to ripen, then neutral varieties ripen without strict adherence to these conditions. Most modern remontant varieties have this characteristic. However, when growing strawberries in winter, in any case, you should resort to additional lighting with phytolamps.

The most famous and in demand are such remontant strawberry varieties of neutral daylight hours, as:

• Pineapple,
• Brighton,
• Mount Everest,
• Queen Elizabeth II,
• Queen Elizabeth,
• Temptation,
• Moscow delicacy,
• Ozark Beauty,
• Profusion,
• Red Rich,
• Sakhalin,
• Selva,
• Tribute,
• Tristar.

Photo gallery: common remontant varieties of garden strawberries with neutral daylight hours

Watering and feeding

Strawberries, like other berry crops, love moisture. However, excessive moisture is detrimental to plants both during the flowering period and during the ripening of the berries. Remember, do not let water get on the leaves and flowers. Even drip irrigation is the best solution.

The best way to water strawberries is drip

When planting plants, watering is carried out every day. Later (during flowering and fruiting) they switch to the regime after 5-7 days.

During the entire growing season, it is necessary to fertilize with complex fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. You can use liquid solutions (80 g of ammonium nitrate diluted in 10 liters of water with superphosphate and 10 g of potassium salt).

Methods for growing strawberries in a greenhouse

Growing strawberries year-round in greenhouses is possible in several ways:

• in the beds;
• in boxes, bags, containers;
• by hydroponics.

Planting material is prepared in advance. In July-August, strawberry shoots - whiskers - are rooted in the open field. Before frost, in October or November, the grown bushes are transferred to the greenhouse.

For year-round use, the greenhouse needs heating

Strawberry greenhouses require heating, lighting and ventilation throughout the year. Strict adherence to all agrotechnical requirements will bring satisfaction from the harvest.

In the beds

The classic method of growing berries directly in the ground involves planting bushes in a row 1 m wide according to the scheme 15 × 15 cm or 20 × 20 cm. The planting soil is loamy, rich in nutrients. For preparation, they take sod soil of a neutral acidic reaction or slightly acidic, add rotted compost, sawdust, low-lying peat, sand.The optimal ratio is 7: 2: 1, where seven parts of sod land, two parts of peat, one part of coarse river sand. To facilitate maintenance, the ridges are mulched with agrofibre.

Remember that high-moor peat makes the soil more acidic, which is not the best option for strawberries. Deacidification of the soil is possible by adding 2-3 tablespoons of dolomite flour or a glass of ash to a bucket of peat.

It is convenient to arrange beds with strawberries in a greenhouse in strips 1 m wide and cover with geotextiles against weeds

Vertical cultivation

It can be carried out both in boxes and in containers or even bags.

This method has its advantages:

• saving space, electricity for heat carriers and lighting. How it works? Several levels of planting can be placed on one unit of greenhouse area. At the same time, the costs of heating and lighting remain constant for a given volume of the greenhouse;
• Convenience - the berries are in a suspended state, which makes it easier to care for them. They do not need to be hilled up, they are easier to ventilate.

But there are a number of disadvantages to consider:

• the land in boxes or containers must be changed once a season;
• close attention should be paid to moisture content - wooden boxes dry out faster, and moisture can stagnate in plastic containers;
• wooden boxes from constant contact with wet soil quickly fail.

When preparing the soil for containers made of different materials (wood, plastic), one should take into account their ability to pass and retain moisture. Remember, the soil in the containers dries out faster than on the garden bed.

Photo gallery: vertical cultivation of strawberries in different ways

Growing strawberries hydroponically

The hydroponics method is the nutrition of plants with a useful solution. In this case, the roots are not in the ground, but directly in a solution of nutrients in a suspended state at several levels. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the area occupied for planting and to increase the rational use of greenhouse capacities. And also the undoubted advantage is the lack of contact with the ground. It is known that it is the soil that is the source of diseases for plants.

The hydroponic method avoids the disadvantages of classic strawberry farming

To grow strawberries hydroponically, plants are planted in pots or agromates that are placed in a nutrient solution. For the organization of nutrition with useful substances, an aqueous, humid-air, porous solid or other medium is used. An important requirement for these media is to ensure normal respiration of the roots.

There are 2 ways to grow strawberries hydroponically:

1. Each bush is placed in a separate pot of substrate. Meals are individual and supplied to each pot. This method can be used when there is a need for independent nutrition for different plants.

   When using the 1st method of growing strawberries in hydroponics, each bush is placed in a separate pot with a substrate

2. Plants are planted in pots with a special substrate, which in turn are placed in large common containers with a selected nutrient solution. The roots of the strawberry pass through the substrate and the holes in the pots and reach the solution.

With the 2nd method of growing strawberries using the hydroponic method, separate pots are placed in a common container

Growing strawberries hydroponically is used more often in industrial greenhouses.

Video: hydroponic strawberries

Reviews

Growing strawberries has attracted people since ancient times. At present, agricultural technologies make it possible to do this all year round. And both amateur gardeners and agricultural professionals can succeed in this matter.

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Strawberries are considered the most popular berry loved by both adults and children, which is why the business of growing it in a greenhouse has a very high profitability... It is also worth considering the fact that in the off-season, the cost of this berry increases several times, but the demand remains at the same level, which allows you to get significant income.

Can strawberries be grown all year round?

In order to build a profitable strawberry business, you need to think over all the details of berry reproduction and decide on the method and place of cultivation.:

1. Growing strawberries outdoors in the country, you can get a rich harvest, but marketing it will be quite difficult. The main role in this issue is played by the factor of seasonality and great competition for this period. Also, we must not forget about the weather, which, with unfavorable indicators, can destroy most of the berry plantations;
2. The greenhouse method is the most profitable, because when using it, you can pick ripe fruits not only in late spring and early summer, but also at other times of the year. A correctly selected complex of varieties will allow you to get a continuous harvest and, accordingly, profit all year round. The berries grown in the greenhouse will be protected from the effects of natural factors.

Growing strawberries in a greenhouse all year round

Using greenhouses, you can grow strawberries all year round, but you should carefully study all the factors and protect yourself from all kinds of risks. First of all, it should be noted that such a business will be profitable only in areas with warm or temperate climates.... In harsher conditions, you will have to spend more money on heating and lighting the greenhouse, which will create additional costs.

Pros and cons of the strawberry business

Growing strawberries in a greenhouse is well suited for your own business and has many advantages:

• Strawberries are a very popular berry, so finding sales channels is not difficult... You can sell the crop both for fresh sale and for processing;
• Low enough competition - the main peak of strawberry sales is the seasonal period, but the rest of the time the berries are in short supply and therefore the price for them increases several times;
• When growing fruits in a greenhouse there is no need to be afraid that the amount of the crop will decrease due to unfavorable weather conditions;
• Using modern methods of growing berries in a greenhouse, you can grow the largest yield in the smallest area;
• The strawberry business is very pays off quickly.

The minimum area required to start a business is just a few square meters

Also, this type of earnings have significant drawbacks that should be taken into account when building a business plan.:

• High cost of greenhouses and other equipment, because of which it will be necessary to prepare a solid start-up capital;
• Strawberries require constant care and favorable living conditions, that is, when growing it, you will have to carefully monitor the level of lighting, heating, soil moisture and other indicators. For novice gardeners, the main difficulty may be the need for artificial pollination;
• High heating cost and electricity.

The strawberry business is best suited for seasoned gardeners looking to capitalize on their hobby. The main difficulty of such your own business lies in the competent cultivation of berries, while making a profit from the sale of a high-quality crop will always be at a high level.

Where to start a strawberry business?

Before you start growing strawberries, you need to prepare the land and the greenhouse. It is also very important to competently treat the choice of the cultivated variety.

Soil preparation for growing berries

Growing strawberries in greenhouses in winter can be done using sod land

To start growing berries on an industrial scale it will be enough to purchase 1 hectare of land... With a small start-up capital, the required plot can be rented.

In the opinion of most businessmen, the most profitable will be a land plot located near the city and directly by the highway. In this case, it will be possible to significantly save on transportation of the crop.

One of the most important nuances will be the selection of a soil mixture for growing berries. Strawberries take root and bear fruit in the best way on the soil, consisting of the following components:

• 2 pieces of turf;
• 1 part of humus;
• Ash;
• Mineral fertilizers;
• In order to reduce the level of soil acidity, superphosphate, potassium chloride or ammonium nitrate are added to it.

Before planting seedlings, the ground must be loosened.

Greenhouse selection

For organizing a profitable business, polycarbonate greenhouses are best suited. In total, there are three types of greenhouses, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.:

1. Frame greenhousescovered with a film is the cheapest option, moreover, such a structure is very quickly installed. The disadvantage of this greenhouse will be insufficient protection of plantings in the winter;
2. Glass greenhouses are also suitable for running a strawberry business. In such structures, a heating system can be installed, and the glass surface allows sunlight to pass through well, so that the best conditions for plants can be created. The downside of the structure will be its size and the need to build a foundation;
3. Polycarbonate greenhouses it is the most expensive, but at the same time the most advantageous option for strawberry farming. Additional heating and lighting can be installed in them, polycarbonate also transmits sunlight well. The structure of the greenhouse is light and durable, and can last for a long period of time.

At the initial stage, it is possible to build 3 greenhouses measuring 30 by 40 meters. One such construction will cost 80-100 thousand rubles.

Necessary equipment

In order to get a harvest not only in summer, but also at other times, it is necessary to install additional lighting and heating in the greenhouse, with which you can get the optimal microclimate for strawberries.

To create an artificial heating system of the structure, an infrared cable or pipes are laid underground, through which warm air will be driven. For heating, you can use an electric boiler or stove stoves.

There are different ways to heat a winter greenhouse.

Additional lighting plays a huge role when growing strawberries during seasons with short daylight hours. Best suited for 400 watt sodium lamps, with which you can create an imitation of sunlight. One lamp should be one meter above the plant and illuminate no more than 1 square meter of area.

To improve light diffusion, special reflectors can be installed.

Considering that strawberries tolerate drip irrigation well, it is necessary to build a special system, which will consist of a barrel of water installed above the racks with plants and a rubber tube lying on the surface of the ground. Small holes are made in the rubber pipe, the number of which should be equal to the number of bushes.

Strawberry drip irrigation system

Choosing a strawberry variety

In order for the business to generate a sufficient amount of profit, it is necessary to grow tasty and beautiful berries that will please the consumer. Which varieties are most suitable for growing in a greenhouse? For planting in greenhouses, you should choose remontant varieties that do not require artificial pollination..

Self-pollinated varieties with large, regular-shaped, bright red colored berries are best suited for business. The presence of a rich aroma is encouraged.It is also necessary to pay attention to the density of the fruit, because the portability of transportation and the shelf life depend on it.

The most popular are the following strawberry varieties:

• Alba;
• Daryonka;
• Octave;
• Sonata;
• Rusanovskaya;
• Honey, etc.

For best results, different types of plants (early maturing, mid-maturing and late-maturing) are planted in each greenhouse. In this way, a continuous crop flow can be ensured.

Planting and leaving

Planting and caring for strawberries is the most important part of the work, because the quantity and quality of the harvested crop depends on it.

When planting strawberries in a greenhouse, you must adhere to the following rules:

1. Before placing the seedlings in a permanent place, it kept in a dark and cool room for several days with a temperature of +2 degrees;
2. Using Dutch suspension technology each seedling is placed in a separate pot filled with a nutritious substrate;
3. If the bushes are planted in the ground, then the distance between the rows should be 35-40 centimeters, and between individual plants 20-25 centimeters;
4. During landing you can not bury the heart of the plant;
5. The final step will be watering planted bushes.

In order for the strawberry to feel comfortable, adhere to the following indicators:

• immediately after landing the temperature in the greenhouse is gradually increased from 10 to 22 degrees, with the beginning of flowering, this indicator is increased to 25 degrees;
• humidity should be equal to 75-80 percent;
• daylight hours should be equal to 10-12 hours.

Water the strawberries with a drip method as the soil dries. Once every 7-10 days after watering, the soil is gently loosened.

When growing plants, it is very important to remove weeds in time, cut off excess tendrils, shoots and damaged leaves.

Pollinate strawberries using soft brushes or intensive ventilation. Some gardeners set up hives in the greenhouse.

Once every 14-20 days, the soil must be fertilized with ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride diluted in water... It is also very important to carry out preventive treatments for diseases and insects.

As soon as the strawberries are ripe, you can start picking berries. It is best to do this job manually. In this case, the berries will not hesitate and retain their presentable appearance.

Sales of manufactured products

After the strawberries are harvested, you need to sell them. It should be noted that even the most mature strawberry varieties do not have a long shelf life, therefore, it is best to think over the distribution channels in advance and conclude a supply agreement at the same time.

Freshly harvested strawberries in crates

There are several common ways to sell products.:

• sale of berries to shops, supermarkets and other retail outlets;
• you can also strawberries sell to various processing plants, restaurants, etc .;
• the product can be sold through own outlets.

Selling fresh and tasty strawberries is easy enough because they are in high demand both in summer and winter.

Profitability of the strawberry business

Before starting your own business, you need to calculate the start-up capital, recurring expenses and income received.

In the event that you do not have your own land plot, you will have to spend 1,250,000 rubles to open a business, while the costs are divided into the following components:

• purchase of a land plot - 500,000 rubles;
• construction and equipment of polycarbonate greenhouses - 550,000 rubles;
• the purchase of seedlings is made on the basis that 1200 plants are placed in one greenhouse - 3 greenhouses * 1200 seedlings * 50 rubles, the final sum will be 180,000 rubles;
• registration of a business and obtaining all necessary documents - 20,000 rubles.

If you have your own land plot with an area of ​​1 hectare, the start-up capital will significantly decrease to 750,000 rubles.

The profitability of the strawberry growing business is quite high

In addition to the expenses described above, you should consider the annual costs:

• payment for electricity and heating - 20,000 rubles;
• payment for other utilities - 5,000 rubles;
• fertilizers, processing, etc. - 10,000 rubles;
• other expenses - 10,000 rubles.

It is also worth considering the fact that every 2-3 years the strawberry plantings will have to be updated and if you do not prepare the seedlings yourself, you will have to re-purchase the seedlings.

With the right selection of varieties, you can get up to 5-6 harvests of berries. Their cost will depend on the season:

1. Spring and summer harvest will cost 108,000 rubles (360 kilograms * 3 greenhouses * 100 rubles);
2. Autumn-winter harvest will bring much more profit, namely 270,000. This is due to the fact that this season a kilogram of strawberries will cost 250 rubles.

The strawberry business can bring huge profits and pay off in 1-2 years. The main condition for the success of the business will be the production of quality products, namely tasty and attractive berries.

Sample business plan

Strawberries are popular all year round, both in summer and winter, so this business will never have problems with customers.

A business plan for the production of strawberries is built by each entrepreneur independently. It should include all the individual characteristics of the future business. Adhering to the general scheme, the drawn up plan should contain the following points:

1. Full information about cultivated strawberries (variety, germination, fruiting timing, yield, care features, etc.);
2. Area and detail description of greenhouses;
3. The ratio of supply and demand in the market, the presence of competitors and other similar factors;
4. Industrial plan;
5. Full costings;
6. Revenue forecasts, plans for future profits;
7. Financial risks and the possibility of their minimization.

The production plan includes all data related to the cultivation of strawberries (preparation of the greenhouse and seedlings, planting, care, berry picking, etc.) and plans for the sale of the resulting crop.

A business built on year-round strawberry cultivation, pays off very quickly and can bring good income... Before starting your own business, you need to calculate everything to the smallest detail in order to avoid failure at the initial stages.

Strawberry varieties for year-round cultivation - detailed descriptions

Some gardeners argue that an ordinary variety cannot be forced to bear fruit 3-4 or more times a year, since the plant is guided by the length of daylight hours and has a biological clock like animals. And if you try to grow it, then you get a much smaller harvest and a maximum of 2 times a year. In fact, this is far from the case. Each plant has its own time of formation of generative buds, from which fruits are then formed. A common cultivar is genetically "coded" for 1 crop and it can be either in the middle of summer or in winter, depending on the conditions of its cultivation.

Fortunately, modern breeding plots have developed special remontant varieties, in which the frequency of formation of generative buds is generally absent. That is, the main thing is to create optimal conditions for the development of the fetus, and there is no difference when this happens. It can be in summer, spring and at any other time every 2-3 months. It will not be difficult to get 5 harvests during the year. Repaired varieties bloom constantly, but they greatly deplete the soil, so very serious plant care is required.

Let's consider the best varieties that are acclimatized on the territory of the Russian Federation.

1. Queen Elizabeth 2. An excellent variety, became known for its high yield - about 5 kg of berries grow on one bush per crop and this is not a record! From a hectare, subject to excellent care, you can get up to 19-25 tons, which is why Queen Elizabeth 2 is the best option for those gardeners who are seriously engaged in growing berries for sale. The weight of one fruit can reach 150-200 grams, average berries - 60-80 grams. Has a very sweet taste. The repairing variety allows you to get up to 4-5 harvests per year with good soil fertilization and constant watering.Resistant to powdery mildew and fungal diseases - they almost never appear on the stem, provided they are grown in greenhouses.
2. San Andreas. Californian remontant variety, but for more than 15 years it has been acclimatized by Russian breeders, it is recommended for industrial use. The high density of berries allows them to be transported without problems over any distance and stored in the basement. Up to 2 kg can be harvested from one bush, up to 10 tons per hectare. Resistant to fungal diseases, especially brown spot. The fruit tastes very sweet.
3. Temptation. One of the best remontant hybrids, which has a high yield and large fruit sizes. Up to 1500 grams can be harvested from one bush, and each of which will be at least 60 grams. Thus, with good watering and constant fertilization of the soil with organic matter, you can get up to 50 tons per hectare. It has a high decorative effect, the inflorescences are bright, the bushes are not spreading. Harvesting can be carried out within 2 months after planting a new bush in the soil, the full maturity of the bush occurs in a year.
4. Lyubava. If you are counting on year-round cultivation of strawberries in a greenhouse, then you should pay attention to this variety. Despite the small size of the berries (30-45 grams), the yield reaches 2 kg from one bush and up to 250 c / ha, since the planting density is relatively high. It is very sweet, has an excellent presentation and smell. Even young bushes bear fruit, and they begin to bloom immediately after taking root. The repairing variety practically does not require pollination, it is enough for it that the bushes will be in close proximity. Another advantage of this plant is that it forms very few whiskers, as a rule, no more than 7 pieces. Thus, you do not have to constantly care for plants and cut them to increase yields.

These were the most popular remontant varieties and were very easy to grow in a greenhouse. They practically do not react to the length of daylight hours and are content with artificial lighting. Their unpretentiousness to diseases makes them ideal for planting in greenhouses, where there will be high relative humidity.

Strawberries all year round - a practical guide to planting bushes

The most important part is planting the plant. Not only the future yield of your site will depend on it, but also the susceptibility of the plant to diseases, the number of fruiting waves, the rate of fruit ripening and much more. Today there are many techniques, but consider a few of the most popular planting methods.

 Growing strawberries in pots... The advantage of this method is the high organization of the site - you can make rows of the correct shape, place the pots in several tiers (as a rule, there are 5-6 of them), and also arrange it in relation to different varieties and early maturity. There is, perhaps, only one drawback - the relative high cost. It will be very expensive to make metal frames and place ceramic or plastic pots on them, the costs can be up to 1000 rubles per 1 square meter of greenhouse area, and this is not taking into account watering. This is the so-called "Dutch technology", which assumes a minimum of area costs and a maximum yield from one square meter (in this case, even cubic).

It is also very convenient to cultivate a plot with pots: the fruits hang down and are always clean, watering is easy and you can get by with the usual irrigation system, it is convenient to walk and harvest, since there is nothing on the floor, and a person moves freely around the territory. The yield increases 4-5 times due to the high density of planting, but if the plant gets sick with something, especially fungal diseases, then the disease will spread throughout the entire area in a matter of days.

Growing in boxes.This is the most common technology for growing strawberries all year round in Russia. It provides for the construction of wooden boxes of various shapes (75x25x25, 50x25x25, 150x30x25 and other sizes) in which strawberries are planted. It is relatively easy to take care of it, since the site is well organized, the floor is free again, it is possible to divide the territory into different ripening periods and varieties. The disadvantage is that there will be a small yield per unit area, since the plants are too "sprawling" placed. Advantages - the boxes can be made by yourself, so the costs will be minimal, there is no need to build an expensive metal frame.

Growing on the floor. Option when seedlings are planted directly into the soil. The advantage of this method is its low cost, since there are no costs for arranging the place at all. 10 minutes with a shovel or hoe - and the area is ready to receive seedlings. There are, of course, a lot of disadvantages, otherwise no one would have contrived to make boxes, pots, metal structures and other devices. The first drawback is the lack of free space. This is similar to growing strawberries in the open field - a few weeks after the start of the growing season, you can no longer walk around the site, since everything is overgrown with tendrils. Much effort goes into removing them. Planting density - 10-15 bushes per square meter, no more, while Dutch technology allows planting up to 60-90 bushes. Consequently, the yield index will also suffer.

Growing in bags. This method is for those who want to know how to grow strawberries in winter using Dutch technology, but at Russian costs. Craftsmen were able to reduce the price of pots and whatnots by hundreds of times, replacing them with an ordinary polypropylene bag, which is suspended from a rope or simply lies down. There is fertile soil inside the bag, holes of 5-8 centimeters are cut and seedlings are planted. As a result, we have hanging "pots", huge savings in greenhouse space and all the other advantages of Dutch technology. For watering, you can use conventional sprayers or a hand-held watering can. The only difficulty is securing the bag so that it does not wobble. You will have to walk very carefully or make special wire stretches between adjacent "pots".

What soil is needed for year-round growing of berries

Particular attention should be paid to the soil. It is on its quality that will depend on how quickly the next wave of the crop is formed. To do this, you need to remember just a few rules for creating soil. Let's consider them in more detail.

1. There must be drainage... Regardless of where you grow it, it is necessary that moisture entering the ground quickly passes through the root system and does not linger in it. In this case, oxygen will be better supplied to the roots, and the plant itself will develop faster. It will also keep the soil loose, which is important when growing berry crops. To prepare the drainage, we need crushed stone or gravel, which must be placed at the very bottom of a pot, box, garden bed or bag. As a rule, it takes up no more than 25% of the total soil volume.
2. Mix fertile soil with sand. At least 25% should be sand for the soil to be very loose. This will increase the gas exchange of the root system, as a result - the bushes will grow much faster and form new berries. It is best to use coarse sand, which is mixed with the soil and backfilled immediately onto drainage crushed stone or gravel.
3. The soil should contain peat, organic fertilizer and other useful substances that will help the plant start and quickly move to the stage of formation of generative organs. If the soil is of poor quality, the bushes will be "dwarf" for a month and may not grow to the size we need at all. The number and size of fruits will also be affected.
4. High quality fertilizer.Without it, nothing will grow - this is understandable even for a beginner. If you are growing remontant varieties, you need to double the fertilizer dose, as these varieties pull every last gram out of the ground and after them the soil becomes deserted. Continuous addition of nitrogen and ammonia fertilizers should be your rule. When planting bushes, it is necessary to introduce a lot of organic components, as well as nitrogen, so that the root system takes root as quickly as possible and begins to give useful substances to the stem. Immediately after the plant takes root in a new place, you need to add superphosphate and ammonium nitrate - they will help to gain vegetative mass and grow the bush to its maximum size. Then feed with phosphoric fertilizers - they will help increase the size of the fruits and collect a maximum of one bush.

If you do everything right, and the soil is not only perfectly composed, but also saturated with minerals and macronutrients, then you can count on a solid harvest and high quality berries!

How to grow strawberries all year round - we organize the site correctly

If you have already dealt with this crop, then most likely you can imagine how many problems growing strawberries can bring you all year round. During the fruiting period (and you will have it almost constantly), it will be necessary to perform many operations at the same time. Watering plants, fertilizing, pruning antennae, harvesting, spraying from fungus and the like will fall on you at one moment, and you will not be able to combine some operations. For example, it is impossible to spray immediately before picking berries, even if these preparations are practically harmless to human health.

The first mistake of a young gardener is the simultaneous planting of several remontant varieties. Experienced specialists plant strawberries so that the harvest time is different. Even if it coincides, then it can be artificially prolonged or accelerated with the help of watering, daylight hours (artificial lighting), as well as fertilizers.

Automated watering is a significant saving of your free time. As you know, it takes a lot of effort to water the berries, since the area is large, and you have to spray them very often. In order not to torment yourself with work, and the plants with drought, it is best to immediately stock up on a PVC hose and several spinning sprays. They can be installed under the roof of the greenhouse and configured to reach all corners of the greenhouse. Thus, all you have to do is connect the hose to the water supply and turn on the water supply. 5-8 minutes and not only the soil in pots (bags, boxes, in the garden) will be wet, but also the leaves! And this will significantly increase the productivity of the plant.

Watering will help solve the fertilization problem. How? Just use urea and other liquid preparations that can be mixed into water and sprayed all over the room at once! Remember that you cannot stay indoors and enter it 3-4 hours after the end of the procedure, as substances can be hazardous to human health. Use sprayers if necessary!

Strawberries in winter are not a myth, but a reality! All you need to implement this project is a greenhouse, some money for seedlings and a great desire to get 5 harvests a year!

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