What crops are grown in Crimea?

What crops are grown in Crimea? Have the necessary conditions for growing crops been created on the peninsula, or is it an exclusively resort-oriented region?

The local agro-climatic resources make it possible to successfully develop such spheres of agriculture as viticulture, horticulture, vegetable growing, as well as the cultivation of essential and oilseeds (rose, lavender, sage).

In Crimea, in comparison with other regions of the federation, state farms dominate in the production of agricultural products, to which at least 60 percent of agricultural land is assigned. In the Crimean field cultivation, one of the main places is occupied by winter wheat, which is sown with most of the entire sown area of ​​grain crops of the peninsula. This wheat variety differs from other types of excellent baking qualities. Winter and spring barley, corn, millet and legumes are also grown in the region. In addition to grain, oil plants (sunflower, soybeans and rapeseed) are grown in Crimea. Of industrial crops, winter rapeseed and coriander sown in autumn provide a good harvest.

Essential oil crops - rose, lavender and sage are of great value. The production of lavender and rose oils in Crimea exceeds half of the total production of these products in the CIS. Silk production is no less profitable.

Vegetable growing plays an important role in the structure of the region's agricultural sector. To date, more than 35 vegetable crops are grown in Crimea: sweet peppers, tomatoes, eggplants, onions, zucchini and others. The greenhouse-greenhouse economy is well developed, which makes it possible to provide Crimeans with fresh vegetables all year round. To find a good and inexpensive hotel on the peninsula, follow this link.

Viticulture and horticulture

Crimea is famous for its technical grape varieties, which are used for the production of high quality wines, cognacs and juices. Vineyards in Crimea are some of the best and yield a large harvest of various varieties of berries. Many varieties of wines are made from grapes ripened under the Crimean sun, mainly Muscat, which are exported. Crimean wine is appreciated not only on the peninsula itself, but throughout Europe. In terms of gross grape harvest, the Crimean peninsula exceeds many of the Union republics and is second only to Uzbekistan, Georgia and Moldova.

In addition to viticulture, the peninsula also has developed gardening (apples, pears, plums, cherries, cherries and peaches). Strawberries are grown everywhere. The annual harvest of fruits and berries exceeds 300 thousand tons.

From 1955 to 1972, the area of ​​gardens on the peninsula expanded from 20.5 thousand hectares to 67 thousand hectares. Agrarians began to lay palmette gardens. With palmette formation, apple and pear at the age of 7-8 years yield 400-500 centners per hectare annually. Palmette gardens already cover over 4,000 hectares.

The economy of any country is largely dependent on agriculture. This type of activity makes it possible to use the territory correctly, obtain raw materials for the manufacture of products, establish external relations through their export, and provide the population with food. The Crimean region is characterized by a high level of industry development. Despite the changes in the life of the territory, the agriculture of the Crimea still productively provides large areas of the food industry with raw materials.In many respects, this is facilitated by the climate of the region, which makes it possible to enjoy the high yield of grain, industrial and fruit crops.

Grain farming

Agriculture in Crimea is based on grain crops. Its steppe part, due to its climate and soil conditions, is especially favorable for growing winter wheat. In the northwest, southeast and the Kerch Peninsula, the varieties Krymka and Voroshilovskaya are widespread. Almost half of the entire sown area of ​​Crimea is allocated for them. New technologies for the cultivation of land and crops, the development of other approaches to the use of agricultural technology increase the yield of grain, making this industry profitable. At the same time, there are also problems that affect the development of cereals. This is primarily drought and dry winds. Such phenomena are the first enemy on the path of field cultivation. They cause enormous damage to cereals and agriculture in general, which makes it necessary to expand the territory for forest belts and make more use of local water resources.

Viticulture

It is impossible to imagine Crimean agriculture without making delicious and intoxicating wine. Viticulture has been practiced on this territory since the very first stages of its development. This industry is not only another visiting card of Crimea, but also an important component of the economy. Crimean grape wines are valued for the variety and quality of grapes. The greatest attention is paid to this by the population of the southern Crimea. The Minister of Agriculture A.V. Ryumshin and the authorities generally support the cultivation of grapes, because this provides raw materials for canning and champagne factories, and special points for its processing. This fruit is not only grown, but also studied. A whole research laboratory has been organized, which is aimed at developing new varieties. It was their activity that allowed the domestic product to stand out with better quality than, for example, French grapes.

Gardening

The branches of agriculture in Crimea are distinguished by their diversity and a good level of development. Gardening takes its place among them, which has been allocated a lot of foothill territories. Gardens can be found in the steppe zone, but they are not so productive there. The most common fruits for cultivation are pear and apple trees. In Crimea, you can taste various varieties of these gifts of nature and enjoy their unsurpassed taste. At one time, the Nikitsky Botanical Garden contributed to the development of new varieties and the spread of plums, cherries, figs, peaches, cherry plums, apricots, almonds and olives. The soil and climatic conditions of Crimea make it possible to grow valuable thermophilic fruits such as quince, eastern and Caucasian persimmons, hazelnuts and pecans. As they grow fresh, they are quickly consumed locally or exported to other regions. But gardening is a seasonal activity, and therefore their canning is gaining more popularity.

Vegetable growing

The Minister of Agriculture of the Crimea rationally sets the focus in the development of the department. The cultivation of vegetables is also supported. Small territories of the steppe and foothill regions are allocated for vegetable growing, which serves as a raw material for industry. The most popular are Crimean zucchini, tomatoes and peppers. These vegetables, with developed agricultural technology, give large yields. Agriculture of Crimea to some extent depends on the fact that this territory is a resort, because the resting places of a large number of people need to be provided with food. That is why the areas occupied by potatoes, carrots and other vegetables are increasing, new methods of caring for them and technologies for their collection are being developed, problems associated with access to water and dry winds are being solved. Greenhouse farming is widely supported in Crimea, which does not limit the period of consumption of local vegetables to a specific season and attracts investors, and the size of the cultivated areas makes it possible to increase their cultivation for export.

Livestock

Sheep breeding as a type of pasture animal husbandry is what Crimea was first famous for. The development of agriculture in this area made it possible to go further and establish the cultivation of pigs, cattle, goats. The main emphasis is placed on the development of dairy and meat cattle breeding, however, beekeeping, poultry farming, as well as horse and silkworm breeding are widespread in some regions. The fodder base of Crimea, the experience of other regions, new knowledge in various fields - all this allows us to grow a high-quality product that is in demand on the market and ensures the food independence of the region.

Agriculture of Crimea - one of the most important sectors of the Crimean economy. It accounts for about 17% of the region's gross regional product.

Industries

Plant growing

Harvesting crops

In some subsectors of crop production, the Republic of Crimea occupies a leading position among Russian regions. In 2014, the Republic of Crimea accounted for 13.4% of the gross grape harvest in Russia, 3.8% - fruits and berries, 2.6% - vegetables, 1.2% - grains.

The Republic of Crimea in 2014 ranked 3rd in Russia in terms of gross harvest of grapes, was among the top ten regions in terms of gross harvest of berries and fruits (7th place) and vegetables (10th place), in the top twenty for the production of sunflower seeds (19th place), in the top thirty in gross grain harvest (27th place).

The gross grain harvest in Crimea in 2016 reached 1.3 million tons, which is about 30% higher than when Crimea was part of Ukraine. An interesting point is that a severe drought in Crimea with a drop in grain yields to 0.6 million tons occurred in 2013 despite the water-filled North Crimean Canal, since there was no effective irrigation mechanization.

Gross harvest of major crops in Crimea (according to data for 2016):

• cereals - 1.29 million tons (+1.9% to the previous year)
  • wheat - 765 thousand tons (+3.1%)
  • barley - 446 thousand tons (-3.5%)
  • legumes - 50 thousand tons (+54.7%)
• vegetables - 366 thousand tons (+3.2%)
• sunflower - 152 thousand tons (+41.5%)
• potatoes - 258 thousand tons (-5.3%)
• fruits and berries - 144 thousand tons (+ 18.3%)
• grapes - 56 thousand tons (-3.4%)

Sown area

Most of the sown area in Crimea is used for grain crops (65% in 2016), including wheat - 36%, barley - 24%, legumes - 3%. Industrial crops use 29% of the area, including 15% for sunflower. The rest is potatoes and vegetables and melons (4%), fodder crops (3%).

Irrigation

The central problem holding back the growth of agricultural production in Crimea is irrigation. Although, due to the introduction of new irrigation mechanization and a water saving program, it was possible to exceed production volumes even when the North Crimean canal was full. This is largely due to the introduction of new technologies, the successful transfer of water from the Biyuk-Karasu River, and the fact that the south of Crimea has never depended on water supplies from the Dnieper and its reservoirs have always been filled only with rainwater.

However, the subsequent opening of the Crimean Bridge and the availability of large grain terminals in the port of Taman through it open up prospects for agricultural growth, which are constrained by the problem of water supply.

The strategy for the development of agriculture in Crimea includes the following actions through targeted subsidies of water-saving technologies and the construction of new infrastructure:

1. the transition to the cultivation of crops with low water consumption. First of all, it is a refusal to grow rice in favor of other crops.
2. introduction of drip irrigation technologies and subsidies for the purchase of equipment for it
3. watering gardens using condensate traps that extract water from humid air due to its condensation in the morning on cold metal surfaces
4. use for irrigation of wastewater near large settlements
5. irrigation with water from artesian wells, including the use of horizons with low salinity
6. construction of membrane-type seawater desalination plants
7. the strategy implies refusal to build a large water supply system from receiving water from the Kuban, but it is possible to use a low-power water supply system only for the needs of the Kerch Peninsula

Livestock

Production of the main types of livestock products in Crimea (according to data for 2016):

• meat - 141 thousand tons (-4.2%)
• milk - 249 thousand tons (+ 2.3%)
• eggs - 518 million pieces (+ 6.3%)

Agricultural machinery park

In recent years, Crimean agricultural producers have been able to significantly increase the fleet of agricultural machinery and purchase modern machinery. The number of combines, headers and irrigation machines has especially increased.

Links

• Ministry of Agriculture of Crimea
• Sales volumes of agricultural products.

Notes (edit)

1. ↑ Sectoral structure of gross value added of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2015
2. ↑ Law of the Republic of Crimea "On the strategy of social and economic development of the Republic of Crimea until 2030". Adopted by the State Council of Crimea on December 28, 2016
3. ↑ Law of the Republic of Crimea "On the strategy of social and economic development of the Republic of Crimea until 2030". Adopted by the State Council of Crimea on December 28, 2016
4. ↑ A record low grain harvest was harvested in the Crimea (English), ... Retrieved November 3, 2017.
5. ↑ Cereals in Crimea.
6. ↑ Gross harvest of grain crops
7. ↑ Gross harvest of industrial crops, potatoes and vegetables
8. ↑ Gross harvest of industrial crops, potatoes and vegetables
9. ↑ Gross harvest of industrial crops, potatoes and vegetables
10. ↑ Areas of fruit-berry crops and grape plantations and gross harvests of fruits, berries and grapes
11. ↑ Areas of fruit-berry crops and grape plantations and gross harvests of fruits, berries and grapes
12. ↑ Sown areas of the main agricultural crops
13. ↑ Mesnyanko, Anton... Drying Crimea (Russian), Crimea.Realities... Retrieved November 3, 2017.
14. ↑ In Crimea, they returned to the idea of ​​desalination of sea water for drinking needs (Russian), RIA Crimea (20170123T1337 + 0300Z). Retrieved November 3, 2017.
15. ↑ A pilot project for the construction of water treatment plants is being implemented in Crimea - Gotsanyuk (Russian), RIA Crimea (20170725T1203 + 0300Z). Retrieved November 3, 2017.
16. ↑ The state of animal husbandry in the Republic of Crimea as of January 1, 2017
17. ↑ The state of animal husbandry in the Republic of Crimea as of January 1, 2017
18. ↑ The state of animal husbandry in the Republic of Crimea as of January 1, 2017
19. ↑ agricultural machines of the Crimea.

The range of areas of agriculture on the Crimean Peninsula is wide and varied. Winemaking stands alone, the vineyards are gorgeous and give a large and tasty harvest of various grape varieties. Many varieties of wines are made from it, mainly Muscat, and are exported. And the berries themselves, of course, are also sold in large quantities. Crimean wine is appreciated throughout Europe.

The main specialization of Crimea's agriculture is grain and livestock farming. This is followed by horticulture, vegetable growing and essential oil crops that grow freely in the local climate (sage, rose, lavender). The territory of the peninsula is almost completely developed, agricultural land occupies about seventy percent of the total area. This is mainly arable land, and many hectares are also occupied by perennial plantations.

The highest cost of manufactured products and the highest profitability is behind crop production. The leading position is taken by grain growing, grain is one of the leading export goods of Crimea. Also, corn is grown here, and rice is grown in the steppe. Industrial crops are also widely represented, but the main one among them is sunflower. About half of all plowed areas are occupied by this sunny flower. There are also oilseeds - rapeseed and soybeans. It has already been said about lavender and sage, essential oils are prepared from them, and they are of particular value.

And strawberries! Huge sweet and beautiful berries. Strawberries in Crimea are grown on average about one hundred thousand tons per year.

Livestock breeding is presented by average indicators; beef cattle breeds have not taken root here.But sheep breeding is at a height, the pastures in the foothill areas are excellent. Up to 3.5 kilograms of wool is sheared from one sheep, this is a fairly good indicator in all respects. Egg production is also developed, but not the best in the country, but somewhere at an average level.

Fishing and fish farming in artificial reservoirs is of great importance for the agriculture of the Crimea. Silver carp and carp are bred in the steppe part of the peninsula, and trout in the mountainous regions. Sericulture is very profitable for the steppe expanses.

Most of the animal feed is grown on irrigated land. The Dnieper through the North Crimean canal regularly supplies water to fields and farm land. Now the irrigation system is being improved, so there will always be plenty of feed.