How to raise pigs at home for yourself?

The peasant farm provides the family with food products of plant and animal origin. Pig farming is beneficial for many reasons. Obtaining meat after short-term fattening, disposal of food residues, summer keeping with grazing makes pork a cheap and affordable product.

Is it profitable to keep pigs and why

Pork production is beneficial for both the family and business development. In any economic situation, there will be a piece of meat on the table. With a small investment, you can start a pig breeding business on your own backyard. A unique animal will provide a stable income both when raising livestock for meat, and when keeping sows to sell offspring.

Objective data on the effectiveness of pig keeping:

a rapid increase in the marketable weight, for a year of keeping the live weight of a newborn piglet increases 140 times;
carcass weight compared to live weight is 85%, while in cattle it is 50-60%;
for farrowing, the uterus brings up to 14 piglets, depending on the breed, each of which will bring $ 100-200 in a month;
pigs assimilate up to 30% of the composition of the feed, in other domestic animals this figure does not exceed 20%.

The correct choice of breed and small investment will allow beginners to breed pigs at home to create a successful business. To meet the family's need for meat and lard, it is enough to buy two piglets in early spring. Toddlers don't need a lot of storage space. In the summer, animals grow rapidly. With the onset of autumn, there are many plant residues in the courtyard, which are a good forage base. For intensive feeding of pigs for two months before slaughter, it will be necessary to increase the consumption of protein feed. Aside from the labor of caring for the pigs, a year's supply of pork is cheap. You don't need a warm pigsty. But there are requirements for fattening pigs that must be met.

Keeping pigs at home requires proper nutritional choices. So a baby at the age of a month needs:

the predominance of dairy products and cereals based on milk or its substitutes;
the use of special premixes for piglets containing special sets of vitamins and antibiotics, so that the babies grow up healthy;
maintain a feeding frequency appropriate for the age and stomach size of the piglet.

When fattening a piglet from 2 to 4 months, do not include raw potatoes in the diet, only mashed potatoes or a jerk. Root vegetables are best served boiled and chopped. It is more useful to feed carrots raw grated, the grass should be finely chopped and boiled with boiling water.

After slaughter, the pig carcass is treated with a blowtorch to remove the bristles. A high pressure washer will help wash off the carbon deposits. A compact car wash is available from car owners. The use of this processing method increases the presentation of the product.

Pig breeding and fattening business

Any business requires planning. A pig breeding business plan should include an expenditure and revenue side. Pig breeding is profitable only if the requirements for the conditions of keeping and feeding the animals are met.

Therefore, the main item in the cost estimate is the construction of a pigsty based on an area of 4 sq. m per feed unit and 6 squares per sow. The room should include a den, a walking area and a canopy from the sun. A bathhouse should be provided for the pigs. If feeding is done in a shared trough, there should be enough room for each animal to approach.

The stable must be strong so that the pig does not go into the wild as a result of the digging. Provide in the pigsty:

roof, excluding leakage;
natural and combined lighting;
capital walls, excluding freezing;
floor with waste gutters and clean, dry underlay;
ventilation of the room.

When placed, there should be a walking area, on which pigs spend most of their time in the summer. In the open air, muscle gain is faster, animals get sick less.

The expenditure part includes the acquisition of thoroughbred individuals. For commercial production of meat, the breeding of pigs of the desired breed must be carried out on the farm. This will reduce the cost of purchasing piglets on the outside and allow you to get healthy offspring for the herd.

If piglets are purchased from other farms, they must be quarantined before the herd is formed. It is necessary to budget for the vaccination of the herd at each stage of development. Without a certificate of veterinary control of the livestock, the legal sale of meat will be impossible.

The current cost item will be the purchase of special feed for pigs, premixes and vitamin complexes. However, feed is much cheaper than meat. The cost of production is traditionally high. And if the growing technology is observed, the business risk is minimized, but this cost item needs to be planned.

With a large number of pigs, dry feeding is preferable. The increased feed costs will pay off with a greater weight gain and lower costs for fattening. At the same time, it is important to provide animals with water at 6-8 liters per head per day.

The income part takes into account that one sow can give up to 14 piglets, whose fattening will provide up to 3 tons of marketable products. Distribute profits by the timing of product receipt. If the resulting balance does not give the expected profit, the business plan for breeding pigs needs to be optimized. That is, find cheaper feed or suckers. Successful pig breeders in a backyard receive up to 1000% of the profit in 2-3 years.

In order for raising pigs at home, as a business, to be successful, the following rules should be followed:

observe hygienic conditions for keeping pigs;
do not miss the time for the castration of pigs;
to carry out preventive measures against diseases and avitaminosis of the livestock;
observe the time and frequency of feeding animals, ensure constant access to water.

It is impossible to feed feed with mold and signs of acidification of liquid feed. Feeders should be periodically treated with boiling water.

When buying offspring from thoroughbred pigs, you need to know about the structural features of animals. You can get pork with a predominance of lard, bacon or meat from a particular breed.

Is it profitable to keep pigs? There is no other way to provide a family with meat at cost. To organize a business with a small number of heads, the sale of meat will take place without going to trading floors. Neighbors will become buyers. Livestock products are always in steady demand.

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The lack of significant capital investments and stable profits make pig breeding at home for beginners a very popular activity.

The demand for pork is consistently high, so many people want to try to breed these artiodactyls to get not only fresh meat, but also to earn money.

Is it profitable to keep pigs, where to start breeding, how to care for them and what is generally needed for this? With these and many other questions, we will help you figure it out.

How to equip a pigsty

How to start breeding pigs? Of course, with the search for a suitable room in which you need to create conditions. Especially responsibly you need to approach this matter if you plan to breed pigs for sale in the future.

Room planning

The walls of a pigsty, in which it is planned to raise pigs for meat or sell live weight, should be made of non-moisture-consuming and heat-insulating materials that will keep warm in winter.

Building materials such as:

wood;
brick;
porous gas blocks;
cinder blocks;
rubble stone.

The inside of the wall can be plastered and whitewashed or planked. A suitable microclimatic environment for keeping the pigs must be maintained in the pigsty. The attic must be insulated, and the floors can be filled with concrete or assembled from planks. In the outer walls, we need manholes with dimensions of 70x70 cm, through which animals can get to the outdoor area for walking.

Conditions of detention

The hardest part is raising young pigs, which need more comfortable conditions. Purchased piglets need to be left in a quarantine room for a week to identify sick individuals in the early stages of development.

Young animals need to be grown at an ambient temperature of 18-22 degrees and humidity above 70-80%.

Piglets should be kept in warm rooms free from dampness and drafts so that they can grow stronger.

The pig house should be kept clean and the animals should be allowed to walk outside. Change the water as often as possible, and clean the troughs after each feed. The pigsty requires disinfection treatment every month.

Pigsty lighting

The correct technology for raising pigs involves providing sufficient natural light indoors. Sunlight has a beneficial effect on the development of individuals. During the winter months, when daylight hours are shortened, artificial lighting is required.

Nursing females need lighting for 18 hours a day at an illumination level of about 15 lux, while fattening females need lighting of 5-6 lux for 12 hours.

Ventilation of the room

In the pigsty, you need to equip a ventilation system that will remove the processed air from the room, and instead drive in fresh air from the street.

Keeping pigs on a small scale is possible with a home-made ventilation system, and for breeding on a larger scale, industrial equipment will be required.

The main thing is not to forgetthat drafts are dangerous for piglets and young animals, therefore ventilation should not be too powerful. Optimal conditions for growing pigs are created with an air handling unit with performance regulation.

Which breed is better

To organize a home farm, you need not only to study and comply with the conditions for breeding pigs, but also to buy suitable livestock. All domestic pigs are divided into three categories, depending on the meat:

Bacon... Their meat contains the most layers of fat, but there is no layer of fat.
Greasy meat... They have premium lard, but also eat meat.
Meat-greasy... Mainly meat is obtained from them.

In Russia, about three dozen breeds of different categories are in demand, and among themselves they differ in terms of cultivation, meat quality and weight. When determining the breed of pigs in the backyard, be guided not by the specifics, but by the market demand in the region:

Large white. This breed was brought from England, but our selectors have made a significant contribution to the current appearance of animals.Competent breeding of white pigs allows individuals to gain 100 kg of weight in 7 months, and the mass of adult boars reaches 350 kg and females up to 250 kg. The breed is classified as meat-greasy.
In the bacon category, the most popular breed in the Russian Federation is the breed called Landrace. Animals gain a hundred kilograms in about six months, and the maximum weight is 300 kg for males and 220 for females.
It is difficult to single out the most popular breed among the lard-meat, since there are many of them. Among them is a large black one. Pigs gain a centner in 6-7 months, reaching a maximum weight of 310 kg for boars and 215 kg for sows.

If you are interested in raising pigs for the purpose of obtaining dietary meat, pay attention to the Pietrain breed. Such pork contains less fat, and the animals themselves do not require any special care.

How to feed pigs

How to feed pigs for rapid growth - this question is asked by all beginners. If pig breeding is a business for you, it is better not to save on feed. A balanced diet is the main factor affecting the weight gain of individuals, and the taste of meat also depends on the quality of the feed.

There are three categories of food in total, but we recommend using the first and second, or a combination of them.

It is not recommended to fatten with fodder of the third category, otherwise the meat will lose its taste. You can add it to the diet in rare cases, and exclude it altogether 2-3 months before slaughter. The feeds differ in composition among themselves:

Category I feeds are wheat, barley, rye, beans, peas, carrots and beets.
Category II includes alfalfa, clover and other herbs.
The III category of feed consists of potatoes, corn, wheat bran, beet molasses, buckwheat, etc.

More green fodder promotes meat build-up, while root vegetables, corn and barley increase the fat layer. Thus, everyone decides for himself what is the best way to feed the pigs.

How and when to feed

From 1.5-2 months, the piglet is ready for intensive fattening. During the first 6-8 months, each of them should gain 100-120 kg. For each individual, about 400 kg of feed will be spent for this. The peculiarities of pig breeding require feeding piglets five times a day up to 3-4 months, after which they switch to four meals a day. The main thing after feeding is to clean the feeders from food debris.

Pigs are considered omnivores, but the quality of the feed used will affect the meat, so we do not recommend feeding them table leftovers.

You need to include in the diet vegetables with fruits, a variety of grains and root crops. Additionally, you need to buy feed containing valuable trace elements.

Piglets up to 4-5 months are fed with boiled root crops with the addition of ground wheat and herbs (legume tops, nettles). Milk whey is mixed into the feed, and from the additives, 10 g of salt per day and a spoonful of ferrous sulfate are recommended (dissolve 2.5 g in 1 liter of water).

From the eighth month, animals are fattening, therefore it is recommended to add more legumes, fatty waste and zucchini to the diet, and the daily dose of salt is increased to 40 g.

Large-scale breeding of pigs per tribe will increase income if you grow feed yourself, and it is more profitable to buy ready-made food on small pig farms.

Features of keeping pigs in winter

The care and breeding of pigs in winter has certain characteristics that you should be aware of. To prevent the animals from freezing and getting sick, the premises need to be insulated and heated. It is recommended to drink them with warm water, and the feeding method is also different. Due to the lack of seasonal greens, more food waste, compound feed and bran should be added to the diet, also not forgetting about salt.

Often novice farm owners are interested in how to feed pigs to grow better?

Experts recommend in the warm season, harvest nettles and dry them for the winter. It is useful and nutritious for animals, especially in the cold season with a lack of vitamins.

Breeding pigs

Now let's find out, is it profitable to breed pigs for sale? It all depends on the seriousness of your approach. If you learn how to breed animals correctly, it will turn into a fairly profitable business. Physiological maturity in females occurs at 8-9 months, and at 11-14 the first offspring is possible. To be good, you need a sow weighing more than 100 kg, with at least 12 formed teats.

For one farrowing, the female brings up to 14 piglets (depending on the breed), and each of them is your profit. Whether this is a profitable business will depend on the demand and average prices for the breed being bred in a particular region.

To prepare the sow for gestation, enrich the diet with milk waste, lush green grass and compound feed. Use hay instead of green in winter.... When the pig becomes restless, refuses food and grunts characteristically, this indicates the onset of sexual heat.

After 10-12 hours, you need to organize mating with a boar or carry out artificial insemination, and after the same time interval, repeat the procedure. After 17 days, you need to observe the female. If the symptoms of sexual heat recur, the sow is not fertilized, but the process must be repeated (it is better to choose a different boar). We told you how to breed pigs, but this is not the most difficult thing in breeding them.

How to care for new born piglets

Piglets that have been born require special attention. What is needed here is not the usual care of pigs, but more reverent and attentive. The nursing female also needs extra attention. After farrowing, you need to give her a liter of water, and after another six hours, completely satisfy her need for fluid.

On the first day, the female needs to be given a liquid mixture of wheat bran or oat flour, and after a week, root vegetables should be introduced into the diet - they will ensure the flow of milk. After farrowing, you will have to give food to the pig three times during the day at regular intervals.

As for the piglets, each of them after farrowing must be wiped off, rinsed with patches, ears and mouth, processed a cut of the umbilical cord and burned with iodine.

Pig breeding is serious business. An important role is played by the obligatory establishment of contact between the piglets and the mother during the first 45 minutes (you need to bring each of them to the nipples). If this is not done, the female will not accept them.

Calculating the profitability of pig breeding

Now let's find out whether it is profitable to keep pigs for sale and how much does it cost to raise a pig? To calculate the profitability, let's take a small pig farm of 50 heads.

Each pig costs about $ 40, which means that it will take $ 2,000 in total. Each individual will need 100 kg of compound feed and 180 kg of grain annually, that is, you will spend $ 170-200 per month on feed. In part, the profitability of raising pigs depends on the quality of the feed, so do not save too much.

In about six months, the pigs will gain almost 100 kg. With 50 heads, you can leave 3-4 for breeding, and sell the rest for meat. With them, you will receive a profit of about 10-15 thousand dollars.

At first glance, the breeding of pigs as a business seems to be a very profitable business, but take into account the costs of salary to working personnel, utilities, purchase of equipment and feed, and as a result, one pig will have a net profit of 750-800 rubles per month.

With all this in mind, decide for yourself whether a pig breeding business is profitable or not.

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The profitability of the pig farm is relatively high. Today, pig farming is one of the main branches of agriculture. All methods of breeding and keeping pigs can be mastered even by novice farmers. Is there a single technology, is there a ban on any actions?

Growing pigs at home

How profitable is pig breeding

Is it profitable to raise animals? Pig breeding is a livestock industry that has many advantages:

animal productivity indicators are high, in six months the piglet gains 100 kg;
unpretentiousness in feeding makes piglets economical, because animals are omnivorous and can eat any feed;
pigs are highly fertile, many breeds, starting from the second pregnancy, give up to 30 piglets per farrowing;
the pigs 'body assimilates one third of the substances that enter the pigs' body with feed, which shortens the feeding period.

First of all, the breeder must know exactly what he is going to do with the fattened pigs in the end, for what periods he is going to bring his idea to life.

Most often, pigs are sold in live weight after fattening. It is very easy to feed young animals for sale, but getting a pig with a large mass and good quality meat is a complex technological process.

How to choose an animal of a suitable orientation

Raising pigs at home is, first of all, a competent approach to choosing a breed. All gilts are divided into 3 production groups:

greasy focus;
meat;
universal.

Sebaceous breeds are raised on farms in order to obtain large quantities of high quality pork fat. The carcass of such representatives is 45% fat. Their body has a rough structure, and the front part looks very heavy. Among the most popular representatives, the Ukrainian, large black, stands out.

In meat breeds, the carcass consists of 70% meat. Representatives of the breeds are distinguished by a rapid set of muscle mass. Their bodies are elongated, with a shallow sternum and a well-developed fleshy back. Among the most popular varieties are representatives of the Danish breed, Vietnamese, Chinese, Korean pigs.

The versatile breeds are characterized by rapid weight gain, even with standard feeding. They are grown for high quality meat and greasy products. Almost any breed of pig can be completely adapted for keeping at home. Representatives of the Canadian breeds are quite widespread throughout the world and are especially popular.

Breeding features

Pig breeding technology implies the implementation of certain rules aimed at maintaining health, obtaining the maximum amount of high-quality meat and lard. This is a whole complex of measures for the arrangement of the territory, selection of the breed, vaccination, fattening and much more.

Growing piglets in the early stages requires maintaining a certain microclimate in the room. The optimal temperature regime is from 18 to 25 ° С, the air humidity should be kept within 80%. It is unacceptable to keep young animals in rooms that are blown through and through with high levels of humidity. Room hygiene is one of the most important points.

For animals to grow and develop well, they must have constant free access to clean drinking water. Pigsty disinfection is perhaps the most important part in keeping pigs. If you want to raise a healthy herd, it is important to take care that there is no environment in the room in which pathogenic bacteria can quickly multiply, provoking infection of the pigs with all kinds of infections.

Today, the method of keeping pigs on a fermentation bed is becoming more and more popular. This method is economical because it does not require changing the litter and can last for about 4 years. The essence of her work is to use a biomaterial like sawdust or straw in combination with a preparation containing coprophages, bacteria that convert feces and urine into heat. Even young animals can be kept on such a bed. In the deep layers of the litter, the temperature remains at 40 ° C and above, which prevents the appearance of rodents and other carriers of infection in the stable.

One of the important aspects is the illumination in the pigsty.The light should be dim, otherwise the pigs will be restless, which will lead to a loss of appetite, and, accordingly, a decrease in weight gain. Newly acquired individuals are never immediately added to the existing livestock, they are kept in a specially designated quarantine room for about a week.

Feeding

Raising piglets from suckling age is painstaking work, it is during this period that animals need special care. It is advisable to immediately start feeding the pines with vitamin supplements, so that in the future there are no problems with development. Already at the age of one month, young pigs are fed with root crops and weaned from their mother. Weaners are gradually transferred to adult food and from the third month of life they begin to feed them for slaughter.

In order to choose the right diet and be able to provide proper care, it is necessary to determine the ultimate goal of growing. Pigs are allowed to slaughter at the age of eight months when the animals reach a body weight of 100-150 kg. If you plan to raise gilts for meat, all males on farms must be castrated, except for 1-2 breeding boars. This is done in order to accelerate weight gain as well as reduce anxiety in the herd. Upon reaching puberty, a powerful release of hormones occurs in the animal's body, which contributes to the appearance of a specific smell in meat products in the future.

The castration procedure should be carried out at the age of one month. The main thing is to carry out manipulations before the first sexual hunt, otherwise, even after castration, the male will have a sexual reflex, and although he cannot fertilize the females, the herd will be agitated by his behavior. Pigs are omnivores, so literally anything can be introduced into their diet, even waste from the table. Although some breeds, such as the Duroc, need a special diet that should include mostly protein foods.

When choosing feed, the following factors should be taken into account:

breed;
age;
financial opportunities;
the periods of the year in which the fattening takes place;
the time the breeder expects and the necessary condition of the animal.

To accelerate weight gain, pig growth promoters are very often used. They can be very different. They are conventionally divided into hormonal, non-hormonal and biostimulants. It is best to give preference to biological products that do not accumulate in the liver and kidneys, but are quickly excreted by the body and can be used right up to slaughter.

Premises and its arrangement

It is worth paying special attention to the territory where the pets will live and exercise during the day. Growing pigs at home requires a fairly large area for arranging a pigsty. All pigs have a large body, so they will need a lot of space for comfortable living. The first step is to plan a ventilation system. High-quality ventilation of the room is the key to good immunity in animals.

For the construction of walls, wood is most often used. It is upholstered from the inside and outside with moisture-resistant material to retain heat inside the room. Maintaining a certain microclimate at an appropriate level will depend on the correct construction and insulation of floors. The inside of the roof must be insulated without fail. This can be done with mineral wool.

For the floor, it is best to use a slotted coating: this move will greatly facilitate cleaning and hygiene. When using fermentation bedding, it is also recommended to install a crevice mat. Before laying the bedding in the room, you need to carry out a general cleaning and disinfect the floor.

Breeding features

How to raise pigs correctly at home? First of all, every breeder thinks about how to increase the livestock. Accordingly, you need to start preparing individuals for mating, selecting the most fertile. In females, in almost all breeds, sexual maturity occurs at 8 months of age.Earlier this period, females are not allowed to fertilize, and, in addition to the age category, attention is paid to the weight of the pig: its mass must be at least 100 kg.

On small farms, natural fertilization is practiced. For large farms, the method of artificial insemination is characteristic. It has many benefits. For example, semen of one breeding boar can cover several individuals at once. Simultaneous coverage makes it possible to significantly save energy on caring for young animals. Piglets will be born at about the same time.

Females for fertilization are taken only by those who have begun to hunt. It is very easy to find out by the behavior and external signs of the genitals. Intense libido is observed in pigs every 17-24 days. To increase the livestock and improve the quality data, after weaning the babies, the female is fertilized again within a month.

Final part

A pig-breeding complex is a profitable investment. Today, pork meat is in great demand. A properly grown piglet yields meat that is practically in no way inferior to beef in terms of dietary qualities. Novice pig breeders on small farms most often raise piglets for sale in live weight.

The video shows how to properly formulate a diet for young animals and create proper care conditions. Important points in the breeding of gilts at home are the equipment of the living room, the walking area, feeding and reproduction. Novice breeders can learn about all these nuances from the video.

Raising pigs at home / How to make money on monthly piglets

How I raise pigs! Raising pigs for meat, raising pigs at home.

Raising pigs for meat as a business idea

BUSINESS ON PIGS! FROM A TO Z,

Report for 5 months of raising white pigs

How much does a piglet cost? - frequently asked question. The price for a young individual will depend on the purebred, production orientation and other indicators. If you plan to grow piglets for yourself, it is not necessary to select the most purebred representatives, you can get by with hybrids, they have proven themselves very well. For example, the Duroc breed does not have a high immunity and does not take root well in the cold climate of Russia, however, hybrids with the participation of the species are distinguished by the same production qualities and are perfectly adapted to our conditions.

Design: is it necessary or not?

The words "home business" do not always mean legal entrepreneurship. Handicraft industries are often "in the shadows" - they do not pay taxes, do not issue checks. This situation carries a number of dangers for the state:

taxes do not go to the budget;
errors in accounting for jobs and market estimates;
there is no control over products.

The last point is especially acute when it comes to food products, including pig meat. Pigs can carry diseases that are dangerous to humans, including the infamous "swine" AH1N1. Therefore, the punishment for such activities is severe, criminal: Art. 171 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for "gray" business, art. 238 - for non-certified products.

Where does the pig business start?

In Russia, the household falls under the definition of a personal subsidiary. However, the definition says that this is not an entrepreneurial activity - that is, not a business. It is understood that the products of the subsidiary farm go to the needs of the family, leading it, and only the surplus is sold. Systematic sales of products are perceived by tax inspectors as a business.

Official registration as a peasant farm will force the owner of the pig farm:

pay taxes;
report on the results of work;
conduct veterinary checks.

The procedure for registering a peasant farm

But this situation also has a number of advantages. In addition to moral satisfaction, these are:

the possibility of state support;
simplified taxes - simplified tax system, unified agricultural tax and others;
the possibility of lending to the farm;
official sale of goods to large firms and networks.

Business plan

In anticipation of all the further details, let us examine a typical business plan for raising pigs at home. He must take into account all the main details of this livestock industry. The calculations are based on the fact that the farm starts from scratch, which means that you need to stock up on money for the entire period until the first profit is made. The cost of the plot is not included in the calculations: buying separately land for such a small farm is ruinous.

Optimal start-up livestock - 10 piglets

The optimal livestock for the start is 10 piglets, of which 8 are females and 2 boars. This is one of the main investments: future pigs will cost 60-150 thousand rubles.

Each piglet eats about 400 kg of compound feed during the feeding period, a total of 4 tons is required. With an average price in Russia of 7 thousand rubles per ton, 28 thousand already come out.

The equipment of the pigsty will have to pay from 25 thousand: drinkers, feeders, lamps, partitions will be included here. About 15 thousand more will go to inventory.

Additionally, you may need to hire workers to equip the farm, here the price will vary greatly. In total, in practice, it is necessary to invest from 150 to 250 thousand rubles. Depending on the region and the characteristics of the farm itself, the numbers may vary.

the pig grows up by 9-10 months and gains 120-130 kilograms

Normally, a pig matures by 9-10 months and gains 120-130 kilograms. The slaughter yield in these animals is 75% of the weight, that is, 90-100 kilograms of meat and lard from the carcass. With an average price of 300 rubles per kilogram, this is about 30 thousand rubles. Thus, the easiest way to recoup a farm is to invest 200 thousand rubles in it, raise 10 pigs and help out 300 thousand for their slaughter, that is, only 100 thousand in 10 months of work. A stable farm brings more.

To provide your family with a stable business, you need to take a responsible approach to its creation and understand all the intricacies of the pig-breeding process.

Pig breed selection

Pig breeds are divided into three types, depending on the meat obtained from them:

bacon - there are a lot of fat layers in the meat, but there is no layer of fat;
lard-meat - high-quality lard, while there is also meat;
meat and greasy - the output is mainly meat.

In total, about 30 breeds of pigs of different categories are widely used in Russia. They differ within their groups by characteristics: growing time, weight, dietary value of meat.

Pig breeds: 1 — large white; 2 — Latvian white; 3 — Lithuanian white; 4 — landrace; 5 — Ukrainian steppe white; 6 — Estonian bacon; 7 — North Caucasian; 8 — Mirgorodskaya; 9 — Urzhum; 10 — Belarusian black-and-white.

However, first of all, you need to choose a breed not according to characteristics, but according to demand in the local market.This is especially important for farmers who plan to sell dairy pigs for breeding in addition to meat: it is necessary that there are colleagues in the district who grow the same breed. This will also make it easier to find a boar for breeding pigs.

The most popular breed in Russia is the Large White. Historically, these pigs came to our country from England, but domestic breeding has made a strong contribution to their current appearance. Weight of 100 kilograms gains in 7 months, and adult pigs weigh up to 360 kg (boars) and up to 260 kg (sows). The breed belongs to the meat-greasy direction.

Large white breed of pigs

The most popular bacon breed in Russia is Landrace. Young pigs of this breed gain a centner in less than 7 months, and as a result males grow up to 300 kilograms and females up to 220 kg.

Pig breed Landrace

It is difficult to single out a priority breed among the lard-meat breeds in our country; as an example, we can cite the large black breed. Boars of this breed grow up to 310 kg, sows - up to 215 kg, weights of 100 kilograms also gain in 6-7 months.

Pig breed Large Black

In some cases, the choice of less common breeds that give dietary meat will be justified. Although pork is generally not considered a wholesome food due to its high fat content, nutritional connoisseurs of pork are ready to buy meat from breeds such as Vietnamese pot bellies or pietrain. Pigs of both breeds are smaller than other inhabitants of the pigsty and are more expensive to buy, but their meat is also valued higher.

Pig breed Vietnamese pot belly

Petren boar

Premises

The best pigsty design includes three areas: stables for pigs living, a shed area, and a bathing pit. The main requirements relate to a covered pigsty with pens.

Pigs should be divided into stalls. Pigs can conflict, and it is best to allocate a separate pen for each - a small livestock allows this. A young pig requires an area of 2.5 meters, a sow with piglets is placed in a five-meter pen, it is better to assign the same number of "squares" to an adult boar. If necessary, pigs can be kept in groups of no more than 25 heads, but sows with offspring must still be moved out. Pigs are fed in pens, in the summer - on the walk.

Sample pigsty project

Pigs are thermophilic and are afraid of drafts, so the pigsty should be insulated for winter time. The optimum temperature for young animals is 18-22 degrees, for adults - 12-16 degrees. Heating can be done.

To reduce the amount of dirt and stench, the floor should be sloped, with gutters for urine drainage, or concrete slit; the room must be well ventilated.

It is necessary to prevent the appearance of rats - the pigsty should be made of stone with a solid foundation.

Lighting should be mandatory in sow pens, so as not to crush piglets in the dark, and at the feeders. In winter, it is better to light up all pigs, but given that in too lit rooms the animals become nervous.

Maintenance and feed

Having bought or raised piglets, you need to start intensive fattening soon: it starts at 1.5-2 months. In the first months of life, piglets should grow to young pigs weighing about 100-120 kilograms. On average, it takes 7-8 months and about 400 kilograms of feed with vitamin and mineral supplements.

The quality of the feed directly affects the quality of the pig meat

Piglets are fed up to 3 months 5 times a day, the next two months - four times, older than 5 months, pigs are fed three times a day. After each feeding, the troughs need to be cleaned.

Although pigs are omnivores, the quality of the feed directly affects the quality of their meat. Therefore, it is wrong to feed them with leftovers from the table. The diet of animals should include vegetables and fruits, cereals, a lot of root crops, as well as purchased protein feed with the addition of essential microelements.

Piglets are given boiled root vegetables, to which they add a little chopped wheat and herbaceous food - bean tops, nettles. Whey is also kneaded into the feed. As additives, you can use salt - 10 g per day and iron vitriol - a teaspoon of a solution prepared from a liter of water and 2.5 g of the substance, or add a little clay to the trough.

2-3	5	2-3	25
3-4	5	4	40-60
7	4	6	90-110
8	3	7	130 and more
12 and older	3	8	More than 200

From the eighth month, fattening ends and the stage of fattening begins: it's time for the owners to give the pig more legumes, zucchini, fatty waste, the salt addition is increased to 40 g.

For large farms, it is more profitable to grow feed for pigs themselves, but with a small pig farm, the benefits become completely invisible, so you can concentrate on the pigs, and entrust the care of feed to specialists.

Pigs definitely need walks: in a warm season, it is best to feed them outside, and then give them half an hour to defecate. In winter, pigs should walk two to three times a week for immunity. Fresh air helps you gain weight.

Every day it is necessary to monitor the cleanliness in the pigsty, examine the pigs, clean their wool. At least once a month, the pigsty needs to be disinfected.

Video - Proper feeding of piglets and summer walking

Workers

The advantage of a small farm is that you can start work in it yourself or on a “family contract” - that is, within the criteria of a personal subsidiary farm, in which hired workers are prohibited. Thanks to this, the business plan does not need to include expenses for the payment of wages.

However, it is unlikely that the organizer of a small "pig" enterprise has all the competencies necessary for this business. Sometimes it may be necessary to involve outside specialists. At different times it can be:

builders at the stage of building a pigsty;
veterinarian for regular examination of animals and quality control of meat;
tractor drivers, drivers for the supply of large quantities of feed, straw, shipment of cleaned waste;
farmers for the supply of vegetables and tops for fodder.

Pig care

However, any business requires development, and over time, a pig farm that started with 10 piglets can grow into something more. In a family business, over time, you can hire:

pig breeders for feeding and drinking pigs, controlling farrowing;
handymen - to clean the cages, look after the livestock;
zootechnician or several - to control the content of pigs, feed, selection of the best animals;
veterinarian - you can think about your own veterinarian after 100 heads, and hire when you reach three hundred.

Tax

Having registered as an agricultural business, the owner of a peasant farm can choose one of three available taxation options:

general system;
simplification;
unified agricultural tax.

The general and simplified tax systems for the farm do not differ from these systems for sole proprietors.

Under OSN, the farmer pays income tax of 13%, VAT 10% (meat is included in the preferential category of goods) and other taxes: land, transport, as well as fees. At the same time, “tax holidays” apply to personal income tax - 5 years from the date of registration. The use of VAT is attractive to consumers on DOS who can offset value added tax from the budget.

Unified agricultural tax

The simplified tax system works for a farm according to the usual scheme. It is necessary to write in a tax statement and pay either 6% of all income, or 5-15% of the difference between income and expenses.

The most profitable option in many regions is specially developed for farmers by the Unified Agricultural Taxation. It works like the STS “income minus expenses”, only its rate throughout the country is 6%, and in the “simplified” version only in some regions it is 5% or 6%, in most of the same it is more.

Start-up capital

As already mentioned, the starting capital for a small farm of 10 heads is estimated at 150-250 thousand rubles, provided that there is already land and some buildings on it that can be adapted for a pigsty.

Few people can boast of free savings in such amounts, especially in rural areas where such a business is supposed to be opened.

The starting capital for a small farm of 10 heads is estimated at about 150-250 thousand

So what are the start-up capital opportunities?

Own savings. Still, it is the most reliable source of money.
Loans from friends or running a business together. Almost the same.
Bank loan. A novice farmer can get it on conditions close to consumer ones.
Subsidy from the employment center. Will cover only part of the costs.
Grant from the Ministry of Agriculture. Requires its own investment.

If the first three ways to raise money do not raise questions, then the means of assistance from the state are already more interesting. Moreover, it should be noted that grants for opening farms from the Ministry of Agriculture differ in the regions and most often involve relatively large farms.

In such a situation, you can consider a subsidy from the employment center. Rostrud conducts a program "get busy" for unemployed, sitting on benefits. The essence of the program is that those who wish can receive their pension a year in advance and invest in their own business, including the agricultural one. This amount is small, about 50 or a little more than a thousand rubles, but it can be a good help in creating a small pig farm along with your money or a bank loan.

Sales

Pork cutting diagram

The most important function of a pig farm as a business is making money, which is unrealistic without sales channels. First of all, even at the planning stage, you need to decide how the farm will generate income. It can be:

meat;
Salo;
dairy pigs.

The question of the goals of the economy has already been raised in the section on the breed of pigs. In fact, all three points are applicable to any pig farm, only in different proportions.

sell to friends, while the volumes are small;
sell in the local market;
sell to a processing plant;
sell in a cafe;
offer through newspapers;

Modern ways through which you can offer the purchase of meat and lard:

creating your own website;
through social networks and blogs;
on local sites and forums;
through channels in messengers, which can also be advertised in social networks and on websites.

An interesting option is to keep your blog on special sites where you can post photographs. Adult pigs look attractive only when finished, but young pigs can attract users in much the same way as cats. You can add interest to your blog by diluting offers to buy products with recipes with pork or notes from the life of a farmer.

Growing pigs at home as a business shows itself to be a fairly reliable source of future earnings, which, nevertheless, requires a serious investment of money and effort at the first stage. This business is not suitable for those who want to make quick profits or are not ready to work in typical agricultural conditions. But hardworking and patient people can find an outlet here and, in the long term, a stable income.

Video - Keeping pigs at home

Date of publication:Growing