How to grow champignons on a personal plot?

Among our culinary addictions, mushrooms are given pride of place. They can be deliciously fried with onions, marinated, boiled in a flavored soup or filled with pies. Pickled mushrooms are considered an excellent traditional snack for any celebration. You are incredibly lucky if you have the opportunity to go out into the countryside to collect fresh mushrooms. The situation is more complicated for those who live in a large metropolis. Surely most of those who have their own land have thought about how to grow mushrooms in the country. These mushrooms are considered the most common and undemanding to care for. But not everyone dares to dare to translate such an idea into reality. It is believed that this process is complex and you need to have enough knowledge about such an unusual creature as a mushroom. It is easy to fail if you do not have the necessary skills.

Homemade mushrooms

In fact, growing champignons in the country and in the garden is not so difficult, and even a beginner can handle it with the proper approach. The main thing that will require effort is the correct preparation of the soil and mycelium for the full development of the mycelium. After that, you just have to maintain the full existence of the mushroom family and get pleasure from collecting mushrooms. Today we will highlight our article on how to properly organize the cultivation of mushrooms in the country. Tips and tricks from experienced mushroom pickers who ate the dog in the mushroom beds will help you with this.

What is a mushroom and where to plant it?

Mushrooms are a complex living organism, for their successful development and life, certain conditions of detention must be observed. The mushrooms that we eat are only a small visible part of the huge mycelium. The stronger it is, the greater the harvest will be.

The soil should be properly prepared for planting the mycelium, it should be sufficiently saturated with useful elements to feed the mycelium. You should also take into account the fact that development will require creating a certain microclimate. And the fungi are quite vulnerable, they can easily get sick, therefore, some sanitary measures should be observed.

How to grow mushrooms in the country? There are two main ways:

• growing mushrooms right on the ground (often in the garden under the trees);
• indoor cultivation (a small shed or basement is suitable).

Next, we will describe in detail how to grow mushrooms in the country in both cases.

Growing mushrooms indoors

If you have a small shed at your dacha, stuffed with rubbish to the eyeballs, feel free to take up cleaning and turn it into a house for your future wards. Champignons are not demanding on light, therefore it is convenient to grow them indoors. The room should be warm, free of drafts and with sufficient humidity. The basement is also a great place to live for mushrooms.

If the walls of your room have long forgotten what repair is, and mold has formed on them from dampness, it is imperative to get rid of it. Champignons can easily pick up any infection, so do a thorough cleaning and whitewash the walls with ordinary lime.

How to grow mushrooms indoors in a country house? Set up a few shelving units on which to place boxes, baskets, or any other suitable container. The racks will allow you to increase the area of ​​the mycelium, which means that the harvest will be large. The boxes can be knocked out of the boards, bought ready-made, or even using ordinary dense garbage bags - as it suits you.

Champignons will not be able to fully develop in pitch darkness, so take care of the lighting, one light bulb will be enough.

Outdoor cultivation

Usually these are mushroom beds. They look somewhat different and are not a hill, but a depression (30 cm is quite enough). Drainage is laid at the bottom of such a bed - a layer of small pebbles. Then compost is laid on top and compacted. The bed from above is covered with a film, it will protect the mycelium from drying out, excessive light and other troubles.

After you have decided on the place of resettlement of the mushrooms, you should proceed to the organization of fertile soil.

Soil preparation

No matter where you grow your mushrooms, the soil prepares the same way. To do this, you must first prepare compost, it will include:

• organic (a mixture of sawdust, straw, manure and sand in equal measure) - 50 kg;
• lime and gypsum - 12 kg each;
• urea - 1.5 kg.

For the preparation of organic matter, it is good to use potato or tomato tops and even foliage from your garden, in general, all this is usually at hand for every gardener. All that remains is to get hold of manure. Growing champignons in the country (reviews of experienced mushroom growers confirm this) will be the most productive if you use horse manure. But you can take a regular cow.

All components should be mixed, placed in a container, sprinkled with water and covered with a dark film on top. In this state, the mass will remain for 20 days, the soil should be well overheated. The process is complete when the ammonia odor disappears.

Mycelium

The prepared soil is poured into the beds or prepared boxes and then the mycelium is added. The containers should be filled only halfway, then you can put them on top of each other, and the mushrooms will not suffer. Mycelium can be bought in specialized stores, it is often sold in plastic briquettes and comes in different weights and even different varieties and types. It is completely inexpensive. Further cultivation of mushrooms in the country (instructions with a description are attached to each package) should be carried out according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

Often the actions consist in introducing the mycelium into the soil and ensuring the full development of the mycelium. At the same time, the humidity should be high - not less than 50%, and the temperature - not lower than 18-20 degrees. Cover the soil with foil.

After 2 weeks, you will see the formation of a white bloom. This is the mycelium. Now it remains to pour a little greenhouse soil on top, cover with foil and wait for the appearance of mushrooms.

Harvest

The first mushrooms can be harvested in about 30 days. Mushrooms bear fruit fully for 3-4 months, and after that their growth declines. Collect them carefully so as not to disturb the mycelium. Do not pick the mushrooms, but twist them carefully. Sprinkle a little earth where they were collected.

Do not forget to water the mycelium, the humidity must be maintained constantly. Use the irrigation method, so the soil will be evenly saturated with moisture.

Waste-free production

This is true, and this is with a minimum investment of money and effort. The obsolete mycelium is an excellent organic fertilizer for your vegetable garden and garden.It will provide a huge amount of nutrients to your land and will allow you to get an excellent harvest from your vegetable beds. And the mycelium is also used to feed pigs, they love it very much.

Here are some more excellent arguments for organizing mushroom cultivation in the country. Photos of crop beds look more than tempting. And even if you have never experienced mushroom growing before, be sure to try growing at least a little for your family. Maybe you will get a taste, and this idea will be a great start to a small family business. Good luck in your endeavors!

With the beginning of the mushroom season, many lovers of "quiet hunting" prepare the necessary equipment and choose the time for a trip to the forest. However, the anticipation of a good harvest is not always justified, because there are lean years. Of course, you can buy mushrooms in shops or bazaars all year round, but the price is not acceptable for everyone. Today the problem can be solved quite simply: you can grow mushrooms in a greenhouse or in the open field in a vegetable garden. In our article, we will acquaint you with how to grow mushrooms in the country, and how to harvest correctly.

How to prepare planting material

The primary task of preparing for the cultivation of mushrooms is the preparation of the mycelium (mycelium). It is not so easy to do this: you need a certain skill, carefully sterilized containers and special equipment. There are several options for cooking mycelium at home: on grain, on potatoes and agar. The most popular is the grain mycelium.

For her you will need:

• collect mushrooms in the field or in the forest, and it is advisable to take mushrooms that are already overripe;
• cut out a small (several centimeters) piece of mushroom with a disinfected knife;
• pour the required amount of grain or oats into the container, fill it with water so that only to cover the mass, no more. To disinfect the grain, hydrogen peroxide is added to the water (at the rate of 1 glass per 1 bucket);
• cook for about 40 minutes;
• strain the grain through a fine sieve and dry it;
• pour the finished mass into sterilized containers;
• it is recommended to use a quartz or bactericidal lamp for control disinfection;
• make small holes in the disinfected lids (with a needle diameter) and roll up the cans;
• boil the jars for an hour. Water during boiling should not flood the lids;
• with a disinfected instrument, transfer a piece of mycelium to the grain. The transfer must be carried out under the most sterile conditions: use a lamp or alcohol burner, you can purchase a specially equipped sealed box;
• the holes on the sterilized lid must be closed with a sterile bandage or cotton wool and secured with a disinfected tape;
• you need to store jars in a dark cool room at a temperature of + 17-23 degrees.

To carry out the whole process, you need to wear sterile medical gloves or treat your hands with an antiseptic. Of course, there is an easier way, but it requires constant repetition and does not guarantee a successful result. Wild mycelium can be prepared. To do this, you need to find a place where the mushrooms grow abundantly, and remove the top layer, on which the threads of the hyphae are clearly visible. You can save such a layer until spring in a cold room with a low level of humidity.

Site selection and preparation of the garden

After preparing the mycelium, you need to start choosing a place in the garden where you can grow mushrooms. The north shaded side is best for the garden bed. Drafts are contraindicated. The best place would be a site near the house or under a canopy: the structure will provide the mycelium with diffused lighting and protection from precipitation. You need to dig the required number of trenches on the garden bed (width –1 m, depth - 30 cm). Next, compost is poured into the trenches, which can be prepared at home.To do this, you need to combine equal parts of horse manure (or chicken droppings) and straw and fill them with a hot solution of urea.

Next, the mixture must be compacted and covered with a strong dense material. After about two weeks, the mixture is enriched with superphosphate and left until cooked. When the compost is light brown and crumbly, it can be used. Growing mushrooms in a greenhouse or greenhouse is also widespread. If you have some of this at your summer cottage, then the champignons will delight you with their unpretentiousness and growth rates in greenhouse conditions. Naturally, mushrooms need the right temperature, lighting and humidity levels. But basically, growing mushrooms in a greenhouse depends on a properly selected substrate.

Planting and further care

For planting mushrooms, you need to choose a part of the day when the air warms up well. The temperature should be within 20 degrees, the soil should be well moistened. Mushrooms are planted in shallow holes. The mycelium is divided into small pieces, about 6 cm, and placed in the holes. Then sprinkle the mycelium with compost and pour warm water. You can cover the planted areas with a special material or film. There is no need to water the mushrooms.

After a few weeks, the shelter should be removed, and the seedlings should be sprinkled with peat and turf. Forest or field land, in which mushrooms previously grew, will serve as an optimal surface layer. It is recommended to lay the top layer so that there is little space for air and moisture to enter.

Mushrooms do not require special care: it is only important to maintain a certain temperature regime and humidity level. The optimal temperature will be in the range of 24-26 degrees, at temperatures above 30 the mycelium dies. When the seedlings germinate well, the temperature should be reduced by 9-10 degrees. Reducing can be achieved by spraying with cold water or additional shade. The soil must be kept slightly moist: water the surface layer regularly so that moisture does not penetrate the mycelium. Excessive moisture can provoke rotting of the mycelium.

Features of harvesting

Champignons grow for 3-4 weeks. When ripe, the mushroom becomes pale pink in color. As soon as the first signs of readiness appear, the crop should be harvested. Large champignons lose some of their taste. In addition, overgrown mushrooms weaken the mycelium.

A timely harvest and proper watering will not allow the mycelium to be depleted.

When the fruiting bodies of the grown champignons reach 2 cm, they are carefully twisted, and the resulting void is covered with soil. The mycelium will bear fruit for about two months. Perhaps the harvest will not be plentiful in the first year, but in subsequent years from 1 sq. m it will be possible to collect up to 6 kg of mushrooms. As you can see, growing mushrooms in the country is not difficult, but troublesome. However, the result is well worth the effort and expense.

Video "Planting champignons in the country"

From this video you will learn how to properly grow mushrooms in the country.

Mushroom hunting is one of the most exciting activities, especially when summer does not fail and gives mushroom pickers an excellent harvest.

But sometimes summer weather is not conducive to the growth of mushrooms: then you can choose to grow champignons in the country and get your own crops. We will find out what is the technology for obtaining tasty and healthy mushrooms in the open field, how to plant them and competently care for the plantings.

How to plant champignons in the country

In areas with a short summer period and a long winter, mushrooms can be grown in the country only in greenhouses or basements. They grow well in open beds and only mature in temperate climates. We will learn how to grow champignons in a garden or vegetable garden.

How to prepare planting material

The mushroom harvest is obtained from the mycelium sold in specialized stores or farms that grow these mushrooms.Another option is to get it for free from natural myceliums by proceeding as follows.

• We remove a two centimeter layer of soil near the mushrooms.
• We take square pieces of soil with mycelium filaments 10-20 cm in size.
• We put the loot in the container without stacking the squares on top of each other.
• We store until planting in a dry place with a temperature of 6-7 degrees Celsius.

Natural planting material is suitable only for growing without shelter: if you are interested in how to grow mushrooms in a vegetable garden in a greenhouse, you will need a purchased mycelium - collected on your own will give a poor harvest.

Attention: you cannot collect material for planting near the motorway and factories, if you do not want to be poisoned in the future by the poisons accumulated in the mycelium from exhaust and industrial emissions.

To grow mushrooms on one square meter, you need 0.4 kg of mycelium.

How to plant champignons in the country

How to prepare a place for planting mushrooms

Champignons grow well in shaded dry places, protected from icy winds. If your area is all bathed in the sun, create an artificial shadow using a canopy.

Preparing the soil for mushrooms in autumn

Before growing mushrooms in the garden, we form ridges, deepening them below ground level, since the mushrooms need a damp coolness.

• To deepen them, we dig ditches with the following parameters: width 40 cm, height 30 cm, the distance between the ridges is 50 cm. The length depends on the volume of the mycelium prepared for planting.
• We put drainage in the form of broken shards or bricks, rubble, etc. on the bottom of the ditches.
• We lay trenches with green grass and fill with cow dung.
• We cover everything with an inverted sod.

We leave the ditches alone and return to them only in the spring.

Slurry preparation

• We take half a barrel of manure.
• We pour the manure directly into the barrel with wood ash and fill it with water.
• We insist the mass, stirring regularly, for ten days.
• We insist for three more days, without stirring any more.

In order not to inhale the manure "aromas" that the slurry will begin to exude after the beginning of fermentation, we bury the barrel in the ground or put it away from home.

How to prepare compost for planting

Growing mushrooms in the country is not complete without specially prepared compost made from:

• 100 kg of dry straw;
• 100 kg of horse, cow or other manure;
• 3.5 kg of ammonium nitrate;
• 8.5 kg of plaster;
• 2 kg of superphosphate.

We prepare these components and proceed to the formation of the compost for the mushrooms.

How to prepare compost for planting

Preparation of mushroom compost is as follows:

• We soak in water or moisten straw raw materials from a hose several times within 2 days.
• Divide the straw and manure into four heaps and put them in layers in a ridge (straw first). Add ammonium nitrate to each straw layer - 600 grams each. The ridge should be 1-1.5 m wide, 1.2-1.5 m long and 1-1.5 m high.

• Mix the compost heap four times - after 6, 5, 4 and 4 more days, using a pitchfork. For the first time, while stirring, add a quarter of gypsum and moisten a heap with water, in the second we water and add the remaining gypsum plus a third of superphosphate, in the third and fourth we proceed as during the second stirring.

Thanks to such a reshuffle, done before growing the mushrooms in the garden, the pile will be enriched with the necessary nutrients and oxygen.

How to plant mushroom mycelium

Before growing mushrooms in the open field, remove a 25 cm layer of soil and disinfect it using a carbation solution. Then we make ridges of compost in the form of ridges (height 30 cm, width at the bottom - 0.5 m).

We plant the mycelium as follows:

• We make holes five centimeters deep with a stick and lay out the myceliums so that they are a couple of centimeters below ground level - they go deeper. It is better to plant them in a checkerboard pattern, keeping a distance of 15 cm between them.
• Cover the planted mycelium with compost and ram it a bit.

When planting grain mycelium, do not deepen it, but scatter it over the soil and sprinkle it with a three centimeter layer of compost.

• We supply the edges of the beds with taps for the outflow of excess moisture.

After five days, carefully raise the soil and check the mycelium for germination: they should begin to germinate. After 14-21 days, all the compost will be covered with white sprouts.

How to grow mushrooms outdoors and when to harvest

Outdoor mushroom care

How to grow champignons in the garden and get some bountiful harvests? Only by caring for them correctly. Caring for mushrooms in the open field consists in observing the following nuances.

Temperature regime

Mushrooms are afraid of temperature changes, do not like the heat, which threatens the drying out of the nutrient medium, and the cold. Therefore, the temperature inside the ridges should be at least 25 degrees Celsius, but not higher than 29, otherwise the plantings will burn.

At optimal temperatures, the mycelium grows well in the ridge in just a couple of weeks.

How to grow mushrooms outdoors

Humidity

Important! Do not allow the soil in the ridges to dry out, otherwise you risk being left without a crop. And, since watering is prohibited, we cover the compost with straw or newspapers: they can just be sprayed (not watered!) With water.

10-15 days after planting, the compost will be covered with a silvery bloom - thin filaments of mycelium that come out. Then, without tamping, cover the ridges with wet and loose loam or sandy loam soil.

Having learned how to grow mushrooms in the garden, we will find out when and how to collect them.

How to collect champignons in the country

The first crop is harvested 30-40 days after planting the mycelium. Ripening occurs in waves: many mushrooms ripen in one day, the process stops in a day. The next wave is expected in a week.

We collect champignons in the country using the following technology:

• We take ripe mushrooms (you can collect specimens with hats with a diameter of 2 cm) by the caps and carefully twist them out of the ground. Sprinkle the holes with light soil.
• Break off the bases of the legs with adhered compost and get clean mushrooms.
• We put the crop in a cardboard container or basket.
• We moisten the substrate by spraying.

Harvesting must be complete: ripe mushrooms remaining in the beds contribute to the spread of diseases. In addition, the sooner the mushrooms are harvested, the faster new ones will grow.

Now you know what stages include growing mushrooms in the country, in the garden or vegetable garden. Finally, we note that in order to increase the keeping quality of the crop, it is better to pick mushrooms whose caps have not completely opened.

Foreword

Gathering mushrooms in the forest is a common thing, but growing them in the country is not so easy! However, the result is worth it - imagine a garden full of white champignon caps. Growing mushrooms in the open field is available to every gardener!

The first mycelium: growing mushrooms in the backyard

If your plot has a compost heap where you put humus from greenhouses, greenhouses, and where you dump manure, then you have where to grow mushrooms. It will be enough to place the mycelium in this nutrient medium in early spring, and you will be assured of a regular harvest of mushrooms. Maintenance requirements are reduced to regular soil moisture. The productivity of such a mycelium is small, but for a family, growing mushrooms in the garden will be a significant addition to the table - not every day we eat them!

Champignons do not require light, so they can be grown in damp and cool rooms, for example, in a cellar or a foam block shed. In the open field, mushroom cultivation in the garden area is possible under the shade of trees. In this case, the growth sites must be covered with a film, which will protect the site from drying out and excess moisture.

Growing mushrooms in open ground at their summer cottage

For the convenience of harvesting, the ridges for mushrooms should be made no wider than one and a half meters.If you do not pursue the goal of collecting large yields, then it will be enough to add up to 20 kg of horse or cow manure to the soil during digging. Then plant the prepared seedlings of zucchini on the ridges, set arcs and stretch the film.

When the seedlings begin to grow, pieces of mycelium are planted between them. Together with the zucchini, the mycelium will develop, and you will collect a double crop from one garden bed - zucchini and mushrooms. The main thing is to keep the soil in the garden moist. Most willingly, champignons grow on horse manure, although cow manure can also be used by mixing it with straw (30% of the manure mass), leaves, and garden tops. To 50 kg of the substrate add 10-12 kg of lime, the same amount of gypsum, and one and a half kilograms of urea.

After mixing everything and laying it on a dense pile, cover the substrate with a film on top, where it will have to reach the desired condition for about 20 days.

The readiness of the nutrient medium becomes apparent when the ammonia odor disappears. The finished substrate is used both for growing mushrooms in a summer cottage in boxes or racks, and for creating ridges in the open field.

We use a substrate - growing mushrooms in a personal plot

A more productive way to grow mushrooms on a personal plot is to create myceliums on an artificial substrate. To do this, remove a layer of soil up to 25 cm deep, as is done when forming flower beds and flower beds. Make the width at least a meter, leaving paths between the ridges. To disinfect the beds, before laying the substrate, they are sprayed with a weak solution of carbation (0.5%), and then about 20 cm of the nutrient substrate are laid.

To increase the area for the harvest, the substrate is laid out convexly, increasing the height to the middle of the ridge. It is imperative to build a canopy that will protect the mycelium from drying out. When the temperature reaches 26 ° C at a depth of about 5 cm in the substrate, holes up to 5 cm deep are made in the ridge with a peg, where the mycelium is placed. If grain mycelium is planted, then it is scattered over the surface of the ridge and covered with a layer of substrate up to 3 cm thick, then lightly tamped.

With sufficient moisture, mushroom hyphae will spread throughout the substrate, they can be observed even on the surface in the form of a silvery coating... This will happen within two weeks of planting the mycelium. The hyphae that have protruded onto the surface are covered with well-moistened sod soil, with a layer of 3-4 cm, without compaction. Another month of waiting, and fruiting bodies will begin to appear on the surface.

Collect mushrooms every day, avoiding the formation of old mushrooms that drain the mycelium. Fruiting bodies should reach a diameter of about 2 cm, after which they can be unscrewed from the ridge, filling the holes with soil. Growing mushrooms in the open field in this way will bring up to 6 kilograms of excellent mushrooms from one square meter of mycelium.

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