How to properly grow onions for greens in a greenhouse?

A huge number of dishes without traditional greens will not only lose their piquant taste, but will not be as healthy as before. This, perhaps, explains why reverent attitude towards such cultureslike dill, parsley and onions.

If we talk about growing in greenhouse conditions, then getting a high yield of onions is perhaps the easiest way.

Despite the fact that in the spring-summer period this culture is successfully yields a crop of green feathers and outdoors, the amount of harvested greenery increases significantly if it grows in an area protected from adverse weather conditions. In addition, onions can grow successfully in a greenhouse not only in summer and spring. So, today it is becoming more and more popular to grow onions from seeds in a greenhouse for greens, all year round.

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Green onions are a useful and beautiful ingredient in most dishes, so many gardeners sooner or later think about growing onions in a greenhouse, because in this case, you can enjoy fresh and juicy greens all year round.

In the photo, an onion plantation in a greenhouse

Features: what you need to know

Growing onions in greenhouse conditions, compared to growing crops in the open field, has a number of advantages for the gardener:

• high productivity;
• the possibility of using shelving;
• the possibility of year-round cultivation and harvesting.

How much is growing?

Experienced farmers find that plants reach technical maturity three weeks after planting. In this case, the length of the greenery will already be equal to about thirty centimeters.

Why doesn't the onion set come out?

A feature of planting this type of onion is the need to plant sets only at the optimum temperature for it.

The temperature of about 10-12 degrees Celsius is considered the norm for planting bulbs in the ground. The ground must warm up enough for the onions to adapt to new conditions and give the first shoots.

The air temperature should not drop below four degrees. With a prolonged cold snap, all the seed can die.

Small frosts will not harm the earliest seedlings, but for older plants, a temperature of -5 degrees is fraught with a stop in the growth and maturation of seeds.

With a significant cold snap, the bulbs are not able to absorb a sufficient amount of moisture, as a result of which the plant will be weakened, the fruits will be low-yield and small, and the germination of the crop will be at a low level.

Who eats the onion bulbs in the greenhouse?

There are many pests that can ruin the onion crop.

The most common are:

• onion fly (onion flower girl): it is especially harmful during the period of growth and the beginning of onion development; withering of the culture is characteristic, larval passages are formed inside the bulbs, the leaves turn yellow, the bulb rots;
• onion hover (onion root beetle): harm mainly in the second half of the growing season; the plant lags behind in growth, the leaves turn yellow and wither, the bulbs soften and rot;
• shallot aphid: especially harmful to forcing onions in autumn-winter and early spring; in case of damage, wilting and curvature of the leaves are characteristic, growth retardation, the feather is contaminated with molted skins and honeydew;
• tobacco thrips (onion thrips): the fleshy scales of onions are rough and dry, light stripes and spots with small dark dots form on the leaves, feathers are damaged and become whitish, bent and dry out;
• onion rattle: the pest is especially active during the growing season; through holes are formed in the leaves and arrows, because of which the plant breaks off; the larvae penetrate into the tubular sheet;
• four-legged onion tick: especially dangerous during the storage period of the onion; spots of yellow or green color appear on the fleshy scales, in winter, drying occurs at the sites of damage, during the growing season the tops of the leaves turn yellow, the plant lags behind in development and growth;
• onion mite: especially active during storage; first of all, the bottom is damaged, then the whole onion rots.

Pest control measures depend on the type of insect and the stage of damage to the plant.

How to eliminate odor?

Experts believe that getting rid of the smell of green onions in a closed greenhouse is almost impossible due to the release of essential oils in the feathers. The only option is to regularly ventilate the room, the main thing in this situation is to monitor the overall air temperature in the greenhouse not to "freeze" the crop.

Onion on a feather in a greenhouse

Varieties

Experienced farmers are advised to use multi-primordial varieties and plant hybrids (early and early maturing) with a short growing season and dormancy stage.

Attention: Onions are considered the most common for forcing, varieties and varieties of which in our country are more than seventy.

For forcing "on the feather" in greenhouse conditions, farmers consider the best species:

• "Strigunovsky local";
• Danilovsky 301;
• "Bessonovsky local";
• "Spassky local improved";
• "Karatalsky";
• "Mstersky local".

Proven early varieties with established performance include the following multi-primordial varieties:

• "Rostov onion";
• "Bessonovsky local";
• Ryazansky;
• Skopinsky.

In addition, there are many types of onions suitable for green cultivation:

• leek (synonym for "pearl"): the feather looks like a garlic, delicate delicate taste, there is no bulb, but there is a white thick stem;
• shallots: unpretentious in care, a large number of feathers;
• chives ("chisel"): narrow feathers with pleasant aromas;
• slime: flat wide feathers with a soft structure and a garlic smell, a large amount of useful substances; early ripening variety;
• multi-tiered ("Egyptian"): frost-resistant, high-yielding and unpretentious variety;
• batun ("Tatar", "sandy"): smooth greens, does not form a bulb, twice as useful as other types.

Yield

The yield of onions per feather depends on the type of plant, for example:

• onion-batun: about 35 kilograms of herbs from 10 square meters;
• chives: about 30 kilograms of greens from 10 square meters;
• leeks: about 20 kilograms of greens from 10 square meters;
• shallots: about 30-40 kilograms of greens from 10 square meters;
• onion parade: about 65 kilograms of greenery from 10 square meters.

Growing

The technology of growing onions "on a feather" in a greenhouse is as follows:

• preparation of planting material:
  • sort and eliminate bad bulbs;
  • cut off the top ¼ of the onion;
  • soak the bulbs in warm water (36-38 degrees) for 12 hours;
• disembarkation (bridge method):
  • for 2-3 kilograms of planting material, one box with an area of ​​0.25 m2 is needed;
  • to avoid the formation of mold, sprinkle the top layer of the earth with lime;
  • install boxes close to each other on racks;
  • maintain the temperature at 18-20 degrees.

After 12-14 days, a strong root system will form and a feather about 5-8 centimeters long will appear. After that, the culture must be thoroughly watered and the temperature increased to 22 degrees.

After a few days, you can use mineral fertilizer.

Attention: Green onions can grow in any soil except sandy and stony soil.

The quality of the soil directly depends on the amount of mineral fertilizers it contains.

Two days before planting the bulbs in the ground, it is necessary to fertilize the soil with natural substances.

Harvesting is recommended only after the feather length exceeds 35 centimeters. Trimming should be done in such a way that the bottom of the feather is clean and not too thin.

Onions on greens in a greenhouse

Varieties

The most popular types of green onions for greenhouses are:

• chives:
  • frost-resistant;
  • perennial;
  • the main harvest of greens only in the second year after planting (about 10 kilograms per 1 square meter);
  • the best varieties: "Pink K-1669" and "Siberian K-1670".
• onion-batun:
  • perennial;
  • requires frequent watering;
  • the best varieties: Salatny, Gribovsky, Local Uralsky and Maisky 7.
• slime onion:
  • perennial;
  • resistant to cold;
  • the best varieties: "Leader" and "Green".
• Shallot:
  • resistant to cold;
  • does not require frequent watering;
  • best grade: "Pervomaisky".

Planting and growing

The algorithm for growing onions in a greenhouse depends on the season: to get an early harvest in the spring, it is necessary to grow the crop in "cold" greenhouses, and in the cold season - in heated ones.

It is also necessary to take into account the nuances of crop rotation: it is best if the predecessors of onions were tomatoes, eggplants, carrots or beets.

How to grow green onions in a greenhouse in winter?

A heated greenhouse is required for growing green onions in winter. At the moment, the most common option is a polycarbonate greenhouse. A huge role is played by the correct shape of the greenhouse, thanks to which the snow should roll off the structure, and not break the cover with its own weight.

It is necessary to install a greenhouse for onions in well-lit places, since in this case the costs of heating and lighting will be significantly lower.

Greenhouse heating is permissible of the following types:

• gas;
• stove;
• water;
• using solar panels.

In winter, it is necessary to provide the bow with additional light using fluorescent lamps.

The selected onion variety can be planted in early November. Onions are grown in the greenhouse directly in the ground or in boxes with peat.

Watering is done with warm water in order to "wake up" the bulbs after the dormant stage.

Watering and feeding must be carried out in accordance with the individual characteristics of the care of each variety.

At the first stage of growing onions, the air temperature should be in the range of 20-22 degrees, as feathers grow, it must be lowered to 16-18 degrees.

In the spring

Before the spring planting of onions, it is necessary to prepare the garden in advance: dig up and fertilize it with manure, potassium chloride and superphosphate. Planting material must be sorted, rotten or dry bulbs must be removed.

When planting, it is necessary to arrange the bulbs in rows, keeping a distance of three centimeters between the plants. Subsequently, the beds must be insulated with peat.

When the snow begins to melt, you can start forcing the onion on a feather. To do this, you need to remove the snow, remove the insulation and put up the greenhouse. In this case, a film greenhouse is also suitable.

As the soil dries up, the soil must be watered, loosened and nitrogen fertilized.

If everything is done correctly, it will be possible to get the harvest already at the beginning of May.

Top dressing

When growing green onions in a greenhouse, you need to remember about some features:

• during the growing season, onions especially need feeding with wood ash, scattered on the beds;
• potassium salt helps prevent infection of the culture with a fungal disease;
• for chives, one of the best dressings is the introduction of humus and lime;
• feeding is best done in the cool part of the day - in the evening;
• do not allow mineral fertilizers to get on the onion leaves;
• the increased acidity of the soil is neutralized with chalk or lime.

Collecting onions in the greenhouse

Experienced farmers believe that it is possible to harvest multiple times, but it must be understood that more than three or four feathers cannot be removed from one plant at a time, since otherwise the bulb may rot, which means that new feathers either will not appear at all, or will have a painful appearance.

Organization of winter greenhouses

To obtain a high-quality and rich harvest of onions, it is necessary to choose the right structure for growing a crop.

A summer greenhouse for growing green onions has the following features:

• it is permissible to use a wooden frame and use a film as a covering material;
• heating of the summer greenhouse is not required;
• the duration of daylight hours in summer allows you not to use additional lighting.

For growing green onions in a greenhouse in winter, the following features are characteristic:

• the frame can be wooden, but it is preferable to use a metal structure;
• when using a wooden frame, the wood must be treated with a primer or painted to avoid deformation;
• the wooden frame should have a shallow base, since the wood does not have a large mass;
• the base material should be selected taking into account the quality of the soil on the site and the size of the structure;
• when using a metal frame, the structure must be treated with a primer or paint to avoid corrosion;
• all metal elements are fastened using welding;
• it is desirable to use polycarbonate as a covering material: polycarbonate sheets maintain a temperature regime, do not let cold air into the greenhouse and are practical and resistant to strong gusts of wind (per square meter, a mass of 25-50 kilograms is permissible;
• for a metal frame, a base will also be required, the manufacture and installation of which must be carried out taking into account the size and material of the structure.

To grow onions in a winter greenhouse, a microclimate favorable for culture must be maintained, therefore, it is necessary to use systems for:

• heating;
• lighting;
• irrigation.

Heated onion greenhouses

Heating the greenhouse is a prerequisite for growing onions in winter.

Experienced gardeners recommend using gas or electric boilers for heating, the pipes of which can be evenly distributed around the entire perimeter of the greenhouse.

Lighting

Since the daylight hours in winter are significantly shorter than necessary, the main task of the farmer is to artificially increase the daylight hours through the use of lamps and daylighting devices. It is especially important to evenly distribute the lighting equipment throughout the entire structure.

Greenhouses on hydroponics for onions

The use of hydroponics is a unique method of growing plants, in which not soil is used as a nutrient medium, but a special solution with a certain concentration of nutrients.

An important feature of hydroponics is the ability to feed onions with useful substances:

• potassium;
• calcium;
• zinc;
• magnesium;
• gray;
• nitrogen;
• phosphorus;
• iron.

Foam rubber or expanded clay is most often used as a substrate.

The use of hydroponics in greenhouses for growing onions allows you to achieve:

• increasing yields;
• strengthening plants;
• no need for regular watering;
• reducing the incidence;
• reducing the number of insect pests;
• no need to use chemicals for pest control;
• absence of radionuclides, nitrates and heavy metals in plants, which are always present in the soil.

Shelf size

The size of the shelves in the greenhouse for onions must be selected based on your own wishes and capabilities. The main condition is to preserve the ability to have access to all plants.

Thus, having a properly installed and well-equipped greenhouse will allow the farmer to obtain a rich and high-quality harvest of green onions all year round.

Video

Look at the vilo for recommendations for growing onions in a greenhouse:

So that the soil does not dry out and does not lose its moisture, you need to add wood shavings. Due to it, the earth will be more fluffy and will not lose moisture.

12 January 2018

ditim

Views: 88

Green onions are extremely useful, especially in spring, when the lack of vitamins and other nutrients affects the body. And in green onion there are a lot of vitamins, especially vitamin C. 90-100 g of onion contains its daily rate. The phytoncides found in green onions kill pathogenic bacteria, which is extremely useful as a prophylaxis against influenza and other viral diseases.

Onions in early spring are real

Onions are cold-resistant plants, they are successfully sown in the open field before winter, perennial onions winter well and produce high-quality green products. Onion shoots can germinate even at a temperature of 1-2 degrees Celsius, but they grow faster when the temperature reaches 18-20 degrees. Young onions withstand short-term frosts up to -2.

Onions grown from seeds are picky about the soil - they need loose, fertile soil, good lighting. On the other hand, onions grown to obtain green feathers from onions are not so picky about light. And this contributes to its successful cultivation in greenhouses in very early spring, when daylight hours are just arriving, and in the greenhouse there is not enough light on the shelves.

The conditions for growing onions for greens in a greenhouse differ from those for open ground. Green onions are grown in early spring by planting onions in greenhouses or under film.

Growing methods

There are several ways to grow green onions in this way, which differ in terms of planting and where exactly onions are grown for greens.

1. Early spring planting in the greenhouse

Picked onions are planted in March-April on a prepared plot. The soil should be warm, fertile, well cultivated. The composition of the soil is preferable sandy loam or loamy-humus. The beds are made one meter wide. The distance in the bed between the rows is 8-10 cm, in the row between the bulbs - 5-8 cm.It is good to leave 40-50 cm between the beds.

It is good to do early spring planting of onions on greens in several periods: each subsequent planting of bulbs should be carried out in 10-15 days. With such a staggered planting, the harvest of green onions can be harvested almost without interruption for a long time.

When planting bulbs, they should not be pressed deep into the soil; you can only slightly, to half or slightly higher, immerse the bulbs in the ground. A couple of weeks after planting, feed the bulbs with urea (20 g of fertilizer per 10 liters of water, taking into account the consumption of a solution of 5 liters per 1m2). It is advisable to spill the aisles with a solution very carefully so as not to fall on young green onion feathers. Loosen the earth, water the onion, washing off the urea solution from it.

You can harvest the crop in a month. Green onion leaves reach marketable ripeness when they grow up to 35-40 cm.

2. Winter landing

The bulbs are planted in the fall very tightly (by the bridge method) - one to the other close to each other. Onions are planted a couple of weeks before a stable low temperature (freezing of the soil). On 1 m2, 3-6 kg of pick onions are planted. The soil must be fertilized. The beds are settled where in the spring the snow melts earlier than everywhere else. The beds are covered with peat or humus. The height of the shelter layer is 5-7 cm. You can also cover it with a layer of soil, but it is not recommended to cover it with manure.

In the last days of March and early April, the beds must be freed from snow and shelter. Then above them it is necessary to install portable greenhouses or film shelters. During the growth of the onion, the beds can be watered two or three times, the shelters can be regularly ventilated. The green feather can be harvested twenty days after the installation of the greenhouse.

3. Spring planting

The onions are planted in the last days of April under portable film shelters. The soil should be loose, fertilized with humus, clean, without weeds. 1.5-2 kg of onion sets are planted per 1 m2. The growing green onion should be fed once or twice with a solution of urea (10g) with superphosphate (15g) and potassium chloride (15g) per 10 liters of water.

The green feather is harvested in the second decade of June. You can leave the bulbs in the ground through a row so that they grow into full-fledged bulbs. Shelters from the film can be removed at the end of May.

In conclusion, a recommendation: for planting it is best to choose varieties of multi-primordial onions: Arzamassky, Bessonovsky, Rostovsky, etc. The most yielded onions are those obtained from bulbs of these varieties.

How to grow greenhouse green onions

Growing green onions in a greenhouse for experienced gardeners is not particularly difficult. One has only to choose the right onion heads for seeds and create favorable conditions for growing.

What time of year can green onions be grown?

Growing onions for greens in a greenhouse can be carried out throughout the year.
So:

• Most importantly, greenhouse structures or greenhouses must allow the process to be carried out.
• You also need to choose the right onion variety.

Advice. If green onions are grown in winter or late autumn, then the variety should be frost-loving. Even with high-quality feeding, the crop variety may stop due to exposure to cold.

If the variety has already been purchased, then it is worth rejecting old or rotten bulbs.

What should be a greenhouse for growing onions

Choosing a design for growing

The design of greenhouses or greenhouses in which green onions are grown may differ. They are based on what period of the year the culture is grown.
Summer greenhouse for growing green onions:

• For the summer season, the greenhouse can be based on a wooden frame, which is assembled with your own hands using improvised tools. The covering of this design will be a conventional plastic wrap.
• There will be no need to heat this type of greenhouse or greenhouse, which will make it possible to save money. Additional lighting is also not required, since daylight hours will be sufficient.
• For the construction of greenhouses or greenhouses that are used for growing green onions in winter, more durable and reliable materials are used.

Winter greenhouse for growing feather onions:

• Growing green onions in a greenhouse in winter is different from any other season. Here, inside the structure, favorable conditions for culture must be created.
• The greenhouse itself is made of a frame and cover. The frame can be: metal and wood.
• The choice of such materials is based on the duration of the greenhouse use (how many years the onion will be grown).
• The timber frame is quite sturdy. Its price, in contrast to the metal one, is quite affordable. You can create it from improvised material and tools.

Advice.Since wood is very susceptible to moisture and various kinds of deformations due to differences or changes in temperature conditions, it is best to paint or cover the frame from it with a special primer after manufacturing.

• There should be a base under such a frame. It may not be too deep, since the tree does not have a lot of mass.

Advice. The choice of a base for the manufacture of a greenhouse should be based on the quality of the soil on the site and the size of the structure.

• A metal frame for a greenhouse or greenhouse differs from a wooden frame in its resistance and strength. It is not exposed to strong gusts of wind or sunlight.
• The only drawback of this design is that the metal surface corrodes.

Advice. In order for the metal frame to serve for a long period of time, it is painted or primed, like a wooden one.

• All elements of the frame are fastened using welding. The size of the greenhouse or greenhouse can be varied.
• Cellular polycarbonate can be used as a coating on a metal frame. This material is the most practical and reliable.
  It has excellent properties, which will be important in order to carry out the cultivation of onions on feathers in the greenhouse.
• Polycaronate is very durable and is able to constantly maintain the same temperature regime. It does not let cold masses inside. This material is heat-consuming.
• It, in contrast to a simple polyethylene film, is not ripped off by strong gusts of wind. For 1 sq. m. can be affected by a mass of 25-50 kg.
  It all depends on the type of cellular polycarbonate or on the technology of its production.

Advice. A base will also be needed under the metal frame of a greenhouse or greenhouse. Its choice depends on the soil on the site and also on the size of the structure.

The photo shows some types of greenhouses that are used to grow onions for greens.

What should be in a greenhouse when onions are grown in winter

Photo of a winter greenhouse

The cultivation of greens and onions in the greenhouse is characterized by the creation of favorable conditions inside the structure.
These include:

• Heating.
• Lighting.
• Irrigation.

So:

• Electric or gas boilers are used as heating, the pipes from which are evenly distributed around the entire perimeter.
• Lighting should provide an increase in daylight hours through the use of lamps and daylight devices. They must also be evenly distributed throughout the structure.
• Watering in an onion greenhouse can be mechanical or automatic.

Advice. If the greenhouse or greenhouse is quite large, then in order to save time and effort, it is best to use automatic irrigation systems.

In order to set up the automation, there is a specific instruction. According to all the recommendations and rules, electrical energy is connected to the system.

Choosing a variety of onions for herbs

How to choose a variety of onions

Good cultivation of onions in a greenhouse and their yield depends to a large extent on the variety.
At the moment, there are several types of onions that are used by gardeners:

• Batun onion.
• Shnit.
• Slime.
• Shallot.

More details:

• The most unpretentious to care for is the variety of onions that has several tiers. These are slime onions and chives. These crops can also be grown in the winter season.
• The onion has a certain period of rest. It is about 1.5 months, but in November it can be planted in greenhouse soil. It produces an excellent harvest.
• Shallots have the longest rest period. After the seeds have ripened, they are planted in closed ground in December.

Advice. In order to grow green onions in winter and during severe cold weather, it is best to give preference to slug onions. It can even get along outdoors and under a layer of snow.

Preparing seeds for planting

You can make seeds for growing onions in the greenhouse yourself.For this, onions are grown.
Such actions are performed based on the variety of the onion itself. You can also use ready-made seeds.

Advice. It is best to use ready-made bulbs of different varieties with rhizomes for planting green onions. Thus, planting and growing onions will be very convenient and quick.

The seeds do not germinate as quickly as the bulbs and do not yield too much.
All seed bulbs are required:

• Dry well.
• Go through (select rotten and soft).

After that, you can start planting onions.

Planting onions on greens indoors

How to properly plant a bow

How to grow green onions in a greenhouse?
It's pretty simple. If the necessary conditions for such work are created, then the process consists only in the correct planting of the bulbs.

For this you will need:

• A chopper and a rake.
• Lighthouses to mark the landing row.
• Other tools at hand.

Advice. The soil in the greenhouse should be moistened and no watering is required after planting the onions. It is also worth considering that if vegetables were grown in the greenhouse before it, then it is worth feeding (fertilizing) before planting.

So:

• With the help of a hoe, rows are weeded into which bulbs will be inserted at a distance of 10-15 cm.

Advice. If bulbs with rhizomes are used, it is not necessary to completely submerge them in the soil. They should be half in it.

Mandatory, after planting the bulbs, will be a slight compaction of the soil at the planting sites. Thus, the bulb will sit securely inside.
It is worth watering the culture once every few days. The video shows the process of planting onions on greens in a greenhouse.

Advice. Irrigation depends on the degree of soil drying. If cracks have already appeared on the surface of the soil, then the seeds are dry. This is best avoided.

Soil for growing green onions

Green onions can grow in any soil, except sandy and stone. The quality of the soil depends on the minerals that are in its composition.

Advice. Before planting any crop, in a few days the soil is fertilized with natural fertilizers (manure).

In order for the soil to be constantly moist and not dry out, it is necessary to add wood shavings to it, which not only fluffs up the ground, but also does not allow moisture to completely evaporate.