The largest oranges in which country are grown

Probably, there is no person who would not love these sunny, bright orange, juicy and tasty exotic fruits. Unfortunately, the plant that produces these magnificent fruits does not grow in temperate climates.

In the article, you can briefly learn about these wonderful fruits: where oranges grow, features and conditions of their growth, etc.

General information about the orange

The botanical name for this plant is the orange tree (Citrus sinensis). This type of fruit tree belongs to the genus citrus (rue family, orange subfamily).

The orange has been cultivated for a long time. Its fruits are considered one of the most delicious and healthy, and therefore are known all over the world. We will find out where oranges grow a little lower. And their homeland is China.

It is a light-loving plant that grows on light and loose soils, with a neutral environment.

The height of the tree reaches 12 meters, and its average life expectancy is 75 years.

Usually propagated by grafting, cuttings and seeds.

Description

Before we find out where oranges grow, consider what this tree is. This hybrid form was obtained in ancient times by crossing two types of citrus fruits - mandarin and pomelo.

The tree itself is evergreen, with a rather dense and compact crown, on the young shoots of which and on the branches themselves there are, respectively, thorns and large thorns. Its size directly depends on the variety. The tallest can reach 12 meters, grafted on dwarf rootstocks - 6 meters, and indoor plants grow no more than 2.5 meters in height. There are also smaller varieties with a height of up to 80 centimeters, specially created for indoor use.

Growth features

Amazing things can be seen where oranges grow. The orange root system is almost shallow and has unique characteristics that must be considered when growing this plant. Unlike other fruit trees, orange roots do not have root hairs, which contribute to a good absorption of moisture and nutrients. Instead, at the ends of the roots, there are cases with soil fungi that exist in combination with the plant.

Mushrooms convert mineral compounds into an accessible form (the main thing is phosphorus), which are absorbed by the plant, and in return they receive amino acids, carbohydrates and other important substances. This community is called mycorrhiza, which helps to increase yields by increasing the absorbing root surface.

There is also a problem with this phenomenon. Such a plant is more vulnerable due to the fact that mycorrhiza cannot stand the lack of water and it is difficult to tolerate exposing the roots. Therefore, on the lands where oranges grow, it is desirable to observe one important condition. This is the creation of artificial irrigation.

Where do oranges grow in Russia? Do the climatic conditions allow for the ripening of sunny fruits in this country? And yet they grow in Abkhazia and in the Krasnodar Territory.

Fruit

The round-shaped fruit of an orange is called an orange or hesperidium. It can be multi-seeded, multi-nested or seedless and is similar in structure to a berry. The skin is a thick and soft structure up to 0.5 cm thick. On the surface it is smooth or slightly rough, covered with zest, and has a thin white layer (albedo) below.

In general, the orange peel in the mass makes up 42% of the total weight of the fruit, and its color can be from greenish and light yellow shades to reddish-orange.

Usually the fruit has a firm and elastic consistency. Its internal mass consists of nests or slices separating from each other (up to 13 pieces), filled with very juicy and large pulp cells with a sweet, sweet-sour or sour-bitter taste.

Most orange varieties have white seeds. There are also seedless plant species, the fruits of which are formed without pollination (parthenocarpic).

Where do oranges grow - in which country in the world?

Citrus fruits (including oranges) grow in subtropical and tropical conditions, where mild winters and hot summers, which is ideal for the growth of such a plant. But each region cultivates its own citrus varieties.

Oranges grow in many countries - from China to Europe. The very first plants were cultivated in China, from where they were brought by ships to the shores of Europe.

There are still countries leading in the cultivation of these delicious exotic fruits. The most delicious sunny oranges are grown in Turkey, Egypt, Spain, India, USA and China. They are most often seen by customers on the shelves.

They are also grown in Greece, Italy, Algeria, Portugal, Morocco, Africa, Japan, Australia, Brazil, etc.

In conclusion about the unique variety

There are also red oranges among citrus fruits. Where do they grow? Their peculiarity, of course, is that they are red in color.

Sicily is considered their historical homeland. It is assumed that the climatic conditions of these places caused the mutation in the color of the orange fruit.

The good thing about red oranges is that they have few seeds. The most popular among them is the Italian orange with the name "tarocco". It is quite juicy and sweet, but not as red as the Spanish Sanguinello variety. Tarocco is translated from Italian as "deception" (this is how a peasant once cried out when he saw such a red fruit for the first time).

Surely many of us in childhood dreamed of at least for an hour to find ourselves in the place of the famous cartoon hero who lived in a box with oranges. Sweet and sour, juicy and joyful orange oranges are a prime example of how healthy can be delicious at the same time. But at the same time, not everyone knows how and where, in which country oranges grow. Our article will help to correct this defect.

How did oranges come about?

The information that an orange is a hybrid (a cross between a tangerine and a pomelo) plant will certainly be a discovery for many. This very successful hybrid appeared a long time ago (2.5 thousand years BC) in China, from where it was brought to Europe on the ships of Portuguese navigators. Having received the name "Chinese apple", the orange very quickly came to the court in the European open spaces. Moreover, numerous greenhouses have been erected for its cultivation.

Where do oranges grow?

For full development, orange trees need a mild, warm climate with plenty of sunlight and warmth. Therefore, this culture feels best in the Mediterranean countries. Those who have at least once vacationed in Turkey, Greece or Egypt have probably seen how oranges grow there just on the trees on the street. In addition to these countries, oranges are grown in Sicily, Iran, Pakistan, Iraq, India, Vietnam, Algeria, USA, Spain and, of course, in China.

Where do oranges grow in Russia?

In the Russian open spaces, there was also a place for growing oranges. Nature has created ideal conditions (temperature, humidity and soil composition) for this on the Black Sea coast of Abkhazia. But the domestic yummy supplied from there is lost against the background of a huge amount of oranges imported from Egypt and Pakistan.

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This term has other meanings, see.

Orange

.

Orange

Fruit-bearing tree. Spain

Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck

Orange (lat.Cītrus × sinēnsis) - fruit tree; a species of the genus Citrus of the Rutaceae family; and also the fruit of this tree.

Orange is the most abundant citrus crop in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

Hybrid, possibly mandarin (Citrus reticulata) and pomelo (Citrus maxima).

The plant was cultivated in China as early as 2.5 thousand years BC. NS. It was brought to Europe by Portuguese sailors. After that, the fashion for the cultivation of orange trees quickly spread; for this, they began to build special glass structures called greenhouses (from the French orange - "orange"). Orange trees grow all over the Mediterranean coast (as well as Central America).

Etymology

The word "orange" is borrowed from the Dutch language; netherl. appelsien (now more commonly used form sinaasappel), as well as him. Apfelsine, there is a tracing paper from fr. pomme de Chine (literally "apple from China"; now this name has been supplanted by the word orange).

Botanical description

Quite tall tree, belongs to the Citrus tribe (Citreae) subfamily Orange (Aurantioideae) of the Root family (Rutaceae). Whole perennial orange leaves connect to their winged petioles through an intermediate wide articulation. The white flowers are set in six, in clusters, and are composed of a five-part, slightly opening perianth with thick lobes, many stamens, and a single free or "upper" ovary (known as "fleurs d'orange").

Flower formula: ∗ K5C5A∞G (∞ _) {displaystyle ast K_ {5}; C_ {5}; A_ {infty}; G _ {({underline {infty}})}}.

The fruit is multi-celled, multi-seeded, with a thick two-layered peel. The pulp consists of many juice bags - fusiform, sap-filled hairs (by their origin, sap sacs are outgrowths of the inner epidermis of carpels). The fruit of such a device, which comes from the upper ovary and is also characteristic of other representatives of the genus Citrus (lemon, orange, etc.), is called "hesperidium"; it is a very peculiar kind of berry-like fruit. In an orange, the pulp is easily divided into lobes, which are the nests of the fruit; each contains one or two seeds, one above the other.

The outer layer of the orange hesperidium, called because of the yellow-orange color of ripe fruits of the flavedo (from Latin flavus - yellow), contains a large number of large translucent globular glands containing essential oil. The inner layer, due to the white spongy structure in mature fruits, is called albedo (from Latin albus - white); an orange has a loose albedo, so that the flesh easily separates from the rind. Varieties of the so-called umbilical oranges have an interesting anomaly of hesperidium: their gynoecium forms two rows of carpels, as a result of which two fruits develop, and one of them is rudimentary and is located at the top of the second, larger fruit; this small fruit can be seen through a small hole (“navel”) in the skin of the large fruit.

In terms of taste, the most appreciated are thin-skinned, juicy, large and full-bodied Maltese, Genoese, Malaga and Sicilian or Messinian oranges.

Some trees have a large - like an oak - crown and live up to 100-150 years; in a productive year, they are capable of producing up to 38,000 fruits.

Meaning and application

Due to the presence of a complex of vitamins and other biologically active substances in oranges, these citrus fruits are recommended for the prevention and treatment of hypovitaminosis, diseases of the liver, heart and blood vessels, and metabolism. The pectins contained in oranges contribute to the digestion process, enhance the motor function of the large intestine and reduce putrefactive processes in it. Orange juice is an antiscorbutic agent.

The zest is obtained from the peel of oranges, used to make infusions and preserves. In Bologna and Florence, orange peels are used to make all kinds of liqueurs. Orange peel is used to produce orange oil.

Oranges require very good packing during transportation and easily deteriorate, so they are removed unripe and packed in boxes of 200-500 pieces, each wrapped in non-glued paper.

Economic significance

Growing oranges is an important part of the economy of the United States (Florida and California), most of the Mediterranean countries, Brazil, Mexico, Pakistan, China, India, Italy, Iran, Egypt, and Turkey. It is somewhat less important for Spain, South Africa and Greece.

Compared to 1974, in 2004 the production of oranges doubled, an increase of 99.8%.

Fruit composition

Some varieties

Bloody orange fruit

• Shamouti... Vegetatively propagated perlinal chimera of the 'Beledi' cultivar. It has been known since the 19th century. Introduced to the USA. At the end of the 20th century, cases of rasshimerization are described.

Other information

• In Argentina, the FMA I.Ae was developed to transport fruits (mainly oranges). 38 Naranjero. The name of the transporter (Spanish.Naranjero) translates as "Orange" or "Orange Dealer".
• The orange monument, created by the sculptor Alexander Tokarev, was opened in Odessa on September 2, 2004 in honor of the 210th anniversary of the city. According to legend, it was oranges that once saved Odessa from decline. Paul I did not like the undertakings of Catherine II, for this reason, funding for the construction of the Odessa port was stopped. Having learned about the emperor's love for oranges, the inhabitants of Odessa sent him in February as a present 3000 Greek oranges, which at that time in Russia were an outlandish commodity. Thanks to this, a few months later Odessa received 250,000 for the construction of the port. The sculpture, about 12 m in diameter, is a bronze orange mounted on a pedestal. Inside it, instead of one of the lobules, there is a statue of Paul I and three horses harnessed to an orange.

see also

• Orange juice

Notes (edit)

1. ↑ For the convention of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledons article.
2. ↑ Encyclopedic Dictionary of Medicinal, Essential Oil and Poisonous Plants / Comp. G. S. Ogolevets. - M .: Selkhozgiz, 1951. - P. 22 .-- 584 p.
3. ↑ Nicolosi, E. et al. Citrus phylogeny and genetic origin of important species as investigated by molecular markers // Theoretical and Applied Genetics. - 2000. - No. 100 (8). - P. 1155-1166. - DOI: 10.1007 / s001220051419 ..
4. ↑ Ivchenko, S. I. The riddles of the cinchona. - M .: Young Guard, 1965. - S. 127-128. - 208 p.
5. ↑ Tsyganenko, G.P. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. - 2nd ed. - Kiev: Radianska school, 1989. - S. 18. - 511 p. - ISBN 5-330-00735-6.
6. ↑ Grant, M., Blackmore, S., Morton, C. Pollen morphology of the subfamily Aurantioideae (Rutaceae) // Grana. - 2000. - No. 39 (1). - P. 8-20. - DOI: 10.1080 / 00173130150503768.
7. ↑ Barabanov, E. I. Botany: a textbook for students. higher. study. institutions. - M .: Publishing house. Center "Academy", 2006. - P. 300. - 448 p. - ISBN 5-7695-2656-4.
8. ↑ Plant Life, v. 5, p. 2, 1981, p. 238-239.
9. ↑ Plant Life, v. 5, p. 2, 1981, p. 239.
10. ↑ Orange production.
11. ↑ Spiegel-Roy P. On the chimeral nature of the Shamouti orange // Euphytica. - 1979. - T. 28, No. 2. - P. 361—365.
12. ↑ Kunakh V.A. Genomic variability of plant somatic cells // Biopolymers and cells. - 1995. - T. 11, No. 6.
13. ↑ I.A. 38 Hörten - Crónicas y testimonios (inaccessible link) (Spanish)

Literature

• Orange // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb., 1890-1907.
• Plant life. Encyclopedia in 6 volumes. T. 5, part 2: Flowering plants / Ch. ed. A. L. Takhtadzhyan. - M .: Education, 1981 .-- 511 p.
• Clarissa Hyman. Oranges: A Global History. - Reaktion Books, 2013 .-- 151 p.

Links

• A sculpture made of oranges in Ra'anana. Spherical panorama