Apple-tree the best varieties near Moscow

The apple tree is grown everywhere in Russia. However, it should be borne in mind that each region has its own climatic characteristics and for the successful development of the apple tree you need to select zoned varieties.

The climate of the Moscow region is characterized by frosty winters and hot summers with a lot of precipitation. Therefore, you should choose specially zoned varieties for the Moscow region: frost-resistant, immune to scab.

Apple varieties for the Moscow region with photos and descriptions

Below we present the best varieties for the Moscow region, both time-tested and new.

Grushovka Moscow

The variety was described back in 1797 by A. T. Bolotov. The trees are tall.

Fruits are slightly smaller than average or small, practically onion, ribs are poorly visible. The main color when removing apples is light green, then when ripe it becomes creamy. The cover color is a slight blurred blush in the form of salmon-colored dashes and specks. Many white dots are visible under the skin.

The pulp is creamy or pinkish, the most delicate, with a persistent aroma, the taste is more acidic than sweet. The yields are high, but the fruit is not tied every year.

Frost resistance is high. The tree may be affected by scab.

Grushovka Moscow.

Read more about the Grushovka Moskovskaya apple in this article.

Lungwort

Obtained by crossing Wealthy (Welsey) with Cinnamon striped. Lungwort immune to scab, rot, and also resistant to low temperatures up to -40 degrees.

Apples are tied 4-5 years after the seedling is placed in the ground. Up to 180 kg can be removed from an adult tree. During 10 years of growth, fruits are tied and poured by the tree every year, and from 11 years old it bears fruit periodically.

Apples are harvested from August 25, but they are not stored for long, only a month... Them weight 100-150 g. They are rounded and slightly flattened. The main color is yellowish-green, the integumentary color is scarlet specks and dashes that cover about 50% of the skin.

Attention! The pulp is creamy, juicy, not loose, very sweet, spicy, has a honey aroma. Fruits have the most dessert flavor compared to other varieties.

Lungwort.

You can find out more about the Medunitsa apple tree here.

Melba

Obtained in the USA (1898) by pollination with McIntosh. Fruits weigh 120-200 g. Fruits are flattened, round or round-conical. The skin is without roughness, just a little oily. The color at technical ripeness is light green, when the fruit ripens, it is creamy. Cover color - scarlet lines on almost half of the fruit.

The pulp is the most tender, juicy, with the smell of sweets and excellent sweet and sour taste. The fruits are harvested from August 15th. If the fruit is picked a little unripe, then they are stored until Christmas. In addition, the fruit is easy to transport. Fruits appear in 4-5 years.

Young apple trees bloom and ripen every year, and older ones - periodically. Resistance to frost and scab is average.

Melba.

You can read more about the Melba apple tree here.

Arkadik

Obtained by V.V. Kichin at VSTISP by hybridization of Arcada yellow with SR0523. Apple trees 2-4 m high (natural dwarf) grow quickly.

The fruit is a little elongated, their weight 120-340 g... The main color is light green, the integumentary color is burgundy lines covering 3⁄4 of the surface. The fruit has some gray dots under the skin.

The pulp is snow-white, prickly, juicy, has a strong aroma, more sweet, with a slightly noticeable sourness. I.e apples taste one of the sweetest and most dessert ones.

The fruit is removed from August 15th. But keep fruits for only 1 month.

Apples are tied for 3 years after planting the seedling and ripen almost annually. From the tree remove 150-220 kg.

Arkadik's excellent resistance to severe frost, it tolerates severe frosts better than Antonovka, during a thaw it does not freeze at a temperature of -25 C, if recurrent frosts occur, it can withstand a temperature of -35.

Immune to scab. Drought tolerance is average.

But there is one drawback - the crop must be harvested quickly, as ripe fruits crumble.

Attention! The cultivar can pollinate itself.

Arkadik.

You will learn more about the Arkadik variety from this article.

Orlinka

Obtained in 1978 at VNIISPK by pollination of the Super pre-cut with pollen from the apple tree Perviy salute. The trees are tall. Their resistance to frost and scab is high.

Weighs one apple 100-210 g. Fruits are round or rounded-flattened. When technically ripe, the color is the color of lime, when ripe, it is a shade of cream. Cover color - scarlet lines on a reddish-ruby background. The pulp is creamy, prickly, juicy, with acid and sweetness, with aroma. The skin is not rough, dry, glossy.

Fruits ripen from August 15, they are stored for 14-21 days. Collect 150 centners per hectare.

Orlinka.

Read more about the Orlinka apple tree in this article.

Wonderful

Formed by crossing the hybrid Ural winter x 11-20-12 with Vydubetskaya weeping. This is dwarf tree. This is self-adhering grade, that is, the crown is very wide, it almost spreads over the soil (it is close to the ground). The height of the tree is 1.5 m on a dwarf rootstock and 2.5 m on a vigorous rootstock.

Frost resistant varieties Chudnoe average... He immune to scab.

Fruits weigh 120-200 g, they are collected from August 1. The fruits are flat-round. At technical maturity, their color is the color of lime, the integumentary color is either not there, or there is a ruby ​​blush on the side of the apple, which is illuminated by the sun's rays. The pulp is juicy, with acidity and sweetness, with a pleasant aftertaste. The apples are tied after 3 years. They do not last long, a month.

Wonderful.

You can learn more about the Chudnoye apple tree here.

Apple saved

Immune to scab... Bred by crossing Red Free with Papirovka. Fruit weighing 214 g, rounded-conical. The main color is the color of lime, the integumentary color is crimson lines.

The pulp is light green, juicy, the grains are not large. Fruit is rated at 4.3 points for taste. The fruits are harvested somewhere between 7-17 August. From trees that are 7-8 years old collect 40-50 kg.

Apple saved.

You can read more about Apple Spas here.

Marat Busurin

Bred in 1982 by V.V. Kichin. Half-dwarf tree. He has rounded flattened fruits weighing 100-250 g, very even, symmetrical. Their main color when removed is yellowish-green, the integumentary color is pale reddish-purple stripes covering 1/3 of the surface. When ripe, the color is white, and pink and red lines are visible on top of it.

The pulp is snow-white, very juicy, sweet and sour. Apples are easy to transport and transportable. Apple trees begin to bloom and they tie apples after 3-4 g, and if they are grafted onto the MM106 stock, then after 3 g. is not affected by scab. Her frost resistance is very high.

For your information! They love to plant it in the north of the Moscow region.

Marat Busurin.

You will learn more about the Marat Busurin variety from this article.

Bessemyanka Michurinskaya

The variety was bred by I.V. Michurin, crossing Bessemyanka Komsinskaya with Skryzhapel. The trunk is 6-8 m high. The trees are generally frost-resistant.

They are yield in 5-7 years. They collect flattened-rounded fruits, with weakly noticeable ribs, weighing up to 170 g. The main color is the color of lime, the integumentary color is a scarlet blush on the side that is illuminated by the sun, and on the remaining part there are scarlet lines.

Creamy pulp, juicy, wine-sweet-sour taste, with a wonderful aroma. Apples do not spoil in maturation for up to 108 days.

Filmed annually up to 220 kg from an apple tree. Variety immune to scab.

Bessemyanka Michurinskaya.

Read more about the Bessemyanka Michurinskaya apple tree in this article.

Slav

Formed from crossing SR 0523 and Antonovka red barrel. Fruits begin to set in the 5-6th year, they persist until December, they weigh 160-230 g. Frost resistance of the Slav is slightly higher than average, there is immunity to scab. Up to 120 centners can be harvested per hectare.

The main color is a shade of lime. The cover color is clearly visible reddish-crimson lines and specks. The pulp is creamy in color, with some aroma. The taste is sweet and sour.

Slav.

Zhigulevskoe

Begins to bloom and fruit is tied for 5-6 years of growth. 125-130 kg are removed from one trunk. The Zhigulevskoe variety is frost-resistant. But gives apples not every year, but periodically. May be affected by scab.

Pollinator varieties:

• Bessemyanka Michurinskaya;
• Cinnamon New.

The weight of rounded and slightly flattened fruits - 150-200 g. They have been harvested since September 15th. They are saved somewhere until January 31st. Their cover color is a solid blush with dark ruby ​​stripes. The color of the pulp is creamy, the taste is sweet with a sour aftertaste.

Zhigulevskoe.

You can read more about the Zhigulevskoye apple tree here.

Sun

The fruits weigh 140-200 g, they are oblong-oblique. The main color when removed from apple trees is a shade of lime, when ripe they have a creamy shade. The cover color is a blush of Crayola red. The fruit has large, perfectly visible dots under the skin.

The pulp can be either snow-white or creamy. Fruit is harvested somewhere from September 15th. Up to 127 centners of fruit can be harvested per hectare... Variety immune to scab... Resistant to frost.

Sun.

You will learn more about the Sunny variety from this article.

Delight

The main varieties for its breeding were Narodnoye and Severyanka. But also in the genotype participated: Bellefleur-Kitaika, Borovinka, Sibirka, Papirovka, Taezhnoe, Bellefleur yellow, Kandil-Kitaika, Kitaika, Kandil Sinap.

Tree up to 3 m high. The crown of a young apple tree is round, then it becomes oval. She begins to bloom at 4-5 years old and apples are tied. Collect from the tree up to 80 kg of apples.

Pollinator varieties:

• Bogatyr;
• Grushovka;
• Orlik.

The shape of the fruit is round or slightly oval. Their main color is a shade of lime, the cover color is stripes of a red Crayola shade, a very bright blush. Tiny whitish dots are visible under the skin.

Delight.

Read more about the Delight apple tree in this article.

Orlovskoe striped

Created by crossing Macintosh and Bessemyanka Michurinskaya. Fruits weighing 120-150 g. Their color at technical ripeness is lime color, at consumer ripeness it is golden, integumentary color is purple stripes and specks. It is easy to see whitish dots under the skin. When eating the pulp acidity is strongly felt, but there is also sweetness. The fruits are tied for 4 years.

Orlovskoe striped.

You can find out more about the Orlovskoe striped apple tree here.

Lead

Wood 8 m high, and the crown diameter is 9 m. It is perfectly adapted to low temperatures. It bears fruit only for 8 years. Fruits weigh 100 g. Their main color is a shade of lime, Covering - scarlet stripes. The pulp is creamy, pinkish closer to the peel. From an adult apple tree collect up to 300 kg.

But the apples quickly rot during storage... Variety poorly resistant to drought.

Lead.

You can read more about the Shtrifel apple tree here.

Bolotovskoe

Trees height 5-8 m. The first fruits can be tasted for 5-6 years. The apples are wide-ribbed, large, slightly flattened. Fruit weight 150-170 g. Their main color at removable maturity is a shade of lime, the cover color is a scarlet blush with a large number of specks and dashes. If the apples are not harvested by the end of September, they will fall off.

Bolotovskoe.

You will learn more about the Bolotovskoe variety from this article.

Pepin saffron

Pepin saffron self-fertile, but if apple trees are pollinated with other varieties, then the amount of fruit increases. Fruit is tied for 4-5 years. From one trunk remove 220-280 kg... They are removed from the trees around September 30th.

Fruits fully ripen in 1.5 - 2 months after removal. They are stored for 220 days. Their weight is 80-140 g. At the stage of technical ripeness, they have a shade of lime, over which a scarlet blush appears. Small dots under the skin are clearly visible. Fruits have taste and acidity and sweetness, as well as a delicate spicy aroma.

Pepin is saffron.

Read more about the Pepin saffron apple in this article.

Gift to Grafsky

Fruits are tied up after 5-6 years, but on a small part of apple trees after 2 years.

Large fruits, weighing 350 g... Their cover color is a very bright scarlet color and many red lines. They have a creamy pulp with medium juiciness, aromatic and tender. The taste contains both sweetness and acidity..

The fruits are harvested from October 30th. If the fruits are carefully picked and stored, they retain their flavor until April. Apples are tied annually.

The variety good immunity to bacteria, fungi and harmful insects. But apple trees have a drawback - the fruits fall off.

Gift to Grafsky.

You can find out more about the apple tree Gift to Grafsky here.

Aphrodite

Bred in 1981 by E. N. Sedov and co-authors at VNIISPK by planting seeds collected after pollination of form 814. Aphrodite immune to scab... Trees high, intensive growth.

Fruit weight 125 g, they are flattened. Them harvested from September 15... They are are stored for 3 months. Their main color is initially light green, with consumer ripeness - yellowish light green. The cover color is a blurred blush, tourmaline specks and stripes when cut off from a tree and crimson when used, with many gray dots.

The pulp has salmon-colored veins, there is sweetness and acidity in the taste.

Mature tree gives 150 kg of fruit. Apples are tied for 3 years. Apple trees frost-resistant.

Aphrodite.

You can read more about the apple tree Aphrodite here.

Welsey

The apple tree blooms, and she fruit is tied in 4-5 years. Produces fruit slowly and periodically.

Welsey does not get scab.

Fruit is harvested from September 15, if you remove them later, then they crumble. Fruits are stored for up to 5 months.

Onion apples or flattened-rounded, weighing 100-125 g. Their main color is greenish yellow when the apples begin to pick and golden when ripe. The cover color is brownish-crimson stripes.

The pulp is light green, may have scarlet streaks, fragrant, both acidity and sweetness are present in the taste.

But there is a drawback - in rainy, cloudy seasons, the fruit can taste herbaceous.

Important! This tree is considered one of the most productive. Remove up to 300 kg from a tree.

Welsey.

You will learn more about the Welsey variety in this article.

Rating of apple trees

The lists below will help you decide which apple trees are best to plant in the country.

By maturity

Summer varieties:

• Orlinka;
• Grushovka Moscow;
• Arkadik;
• Lungwort;
• Wonderful;
• Melba;
• Apple saved.

Read more about summer varieties here.

For more information on early varieties, check out this article.

Autumn varieties:

• Bessemyanka Michurinskaya;
• Slav;
• Zhigulevskoe;
• Sun;
• Marat Busurin;
• Delight;
• Orlovskoe striped;
• Lead.

You will learn more about autumn varieties in this article.

Winter varieties:

• Aphrodite;
• Bolotovskoe;
• Pepin is saffron;
• Gift to Grafsky;
• Flagship;
• Welsey.

Flagship.

More details about winter varieties are written here.

By sweetness

Sweet varieties - this is Arkadik, Medunitsa.

Scab resistance

Among the new breeding, there are more common tree varieties that are resistant to diseases, especially scab. Scab immune varieties:

• Arkadik;
• Aphrodite;
• Orlinka;
• Bolotovskoe;
• Marat Busurin;
• Lungwort;
• Orlovskoe striped;
• Flagship;
• Wonderful;
• Slav;
• Sun;
• Apple saved.

New

The newest varieties:

• Arkadik;
• Marat Busurin;
• A gift to the count.

Partially self-fertile varieties

• Arkadik;
• Bessemyanka Michurinskaya;
• Melba;
• Pepin is saffron;
• Welsey.

Low

Natural dwarfs:

• Wonderful.

Semi-dwarfs:

• Sun;
• Marat Busurin;
• Arkadik;
• Delight.

Growing of other varieties can be done on a dwarf rootstock, for example, Melbu, Zhigulevskoe.

The best varieties of dwarf apple trees are described in this article.

Useful videos

Watch a video about promising apple varieties for the Moscow region:

Watch a video review about winter varieties of apple trees:

Watch a video about autumn varieties of apple trees:

Watch a video about summer apple trees:

Conclusion

Above, we have analyzed which variety is better to plant in the Moscow region, taking into account the climatic characteristics of the region. Large annual temperature drops will not leave a chance for too pampered southern apple varieties, and a damp summer requires excellent scab resistance.

The Moscow region is located on an area of ​​300 km, and the conditions for gardening are different. The most favorable for garden cultivation are Domodedovsky, Kashirsky, Stupinsky and a number of other gardens in the regions of the southwest and southeast. The soil there is almost ideal for fruit trees, the groundwater is deeply located, but apple varieties for the Moscow region should be zoned, that is, recommended for this area.

Conditions for gardening in the Moscow region

The climatic features of the Moscow region are constantly monitored by scientists. Warming has been clearly observed in the Moscow region since 1960. Winter comes a little later, winter temperatures are lower than average, and there are frequent thaws in the middle of winter. This is due to many factors, including the activities of the metropolis. The maximum humidity is observed in the winter months, the total amount of precipitation is about 800 mm. At the same time, more rain falls in the summer months than in other months. In general, the climate is favorable for gardening. The cultivation of the best varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region is carried out on farms and on personal plots.

Usually, a fruiting tree gives a large harvest every two years, sometimes more often. To have a year-round supply of a vitamin product, it is recommended to grow apple trees:

• winter varieties of ripening 50%;
• autumn varieties 30%;
• summer varieties 20%.

The taste and vitamin value of the fruit make this tree a universal source of useful products. The apple tree is desirable in every garden for its early maturity, winter hardiness and decorativeness. From August to November, harvesting is carried out if there are apple varieties in the garden for the Moscow region of three ripening periods. One of the defining indicators for the zoning of a variety is its frost resistance. At the same time, the taste of the fruits of the winter-hardy apple tree and the ability to ripen at different times should be preserved.

The determining factor remains - the roots of an apple tree tolerate a temperature of minus 200. In severe winters, not only the roots, but the trunks and branches of trees can be damaged. Last year's growth and young trees are suffering. Despite the good keeping of low temperatures within certain limits, the garden can be severely damaged in severe winters with little snow.

An important quality is the early maturity of the variety, that is, the beginning of fruit formation in the first years after planting the seedling. Such trees are mainly dwarf-sized and standard varieties.

When laying a garden, it is required to take into account that apple trees are cross-pollinated plants. Therefore, there must be various trees, including tall pollinators.

The best varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region

Breeders have created hundreds of apple varieties of different ripening periods, taste, and crown formation. You can find the characteristics of each variety or hybrid of interest in the catalog. In the article, as examples, several of the best varieties of apple trees of the Moscow region will be presented in detail. Even the great breeder Michurin laid down the theory of creating zoned varieties and hybrids. The resulting new variety must carry characteristics that would ensure its survival in a particular area. For the Moscow region, he believed that dwarf varieties are the most acceptable. A representative of such a selection is the Yabloko Zhigulevskoye variety, the description and photo of which are presented here.

Variety Zhigulevskoe

Zhigulevskoe apple is a short and early-growing tree. It gives its first harvest 3-4 years after planting in a permanent place. This early-growing tree bears fruit every year when it is fed a balanced diet. This yield is achieved due to the developed root system. The main root is deepened, and the feeding area extends far beyond the trunk circle and amounts to 80 squares. The growth of young branches in this apple variety is also intense.

Apples of medium ripening are red-orange, large with a dense skin and can be stored until the end of winter under appropriate conditions. The peculiarities of the variety are the requirements of agricultural technology. The planting of such apple trees can be done compacted, and the fruits can be collected without using improvised means. At the same time, the yield of the tree increases every year. High groundwater does not affect the plant, which distinguishes dwarf trees from tall varieties of apple trees. The tree grows old early. Its life span is measured in two decades. In order for the tree not to deplete the supply of strength, not to weaken the immune system, in the spring it is necessary to regulate fruit formation, leaving the optimal amount of fruit on the branches.

Apple-tree Grushovka Moscow

Another representative of Moscow gardens is the Grushovka Moscow apple tree. The tall pyramidal tree of folk selection Grushovka Moskovskaya was included in the catalog as a variety in 1797. The bark of this tree is yellow, the branches are red-brown. The fruits are not large, ripen in summer. The apple tree in bloom attracts admiring glances with its large pink flowers. Fruits are green when filled, later change color to yellow with a slight pink blush. Grushovka Moscow apples are fragrant, sweet and sour. Not everyone grows high-yielding, unpretentious trees with proven winter hardiness in the conditions of the Moscow region, since their apples, relative to other varieties, are small.

Uslada variety

Apple-tree Uslada is a representative of semi-dwarf early autumn varieties. The photo shows an apple tree of this variety 4 years old. The variety was bred in 1961 by breeders of Moscow State University by re-crossing the apple of the People's variety and the Severyanka. The bark of the tree is gray, the branches are brown. Since the branches are prone to overgrowth, the tree must be shaped. The variety is characterized by early maturity and productivity, but the apples are medium in size. They are slightly tapered red with crimson stripes. The fragrant sweet-sour pulp is pink in color and has a raspberry aroma closer to the skin. The variety is appreciated for its scab resistance and winter hardiness. A very productive variety, but if the crown is thickened, the fruits are uneven in size.

Sort Chudnoe

You can taste the fruits of the Chudnoye variety, the apple trees of the Chelyabinsk breeders in any climatic zone where fruit trees grow. It is a natural dwarf that can also be called a self-supporting variety. The branches grow horizontally at a height of no more than one and a half meters. They are grafted onto a dwarf stock or seedlings. The apples are yellow, weighing up to 200 grams, sweet and sour with a pleasant flavor. The fruits ripen for the Apple Savior and are stored for a month. The apple tree begins to bear fruit in the third year after planting in a permanent place. The variety has good winter hardiness. The tree is scab resistant and very responsive to feeding. The fight against aphids on this type of apple tree should be carried out systematically.

Apple tree Shtrifel

The apple stem is one of the ancient varieties that came from the Baltic states. The variety is prized for the yield and taste of raspberry striped fruits and for the beauty of the tree, see for yourself. Large beautiful apples of autumn harvest look amazingly beautiful. The apple tree Strifel, on which they grow, has a powerful spreading crown.

When harvesting, the thick branches withstand the picker, who climbs to the top for the most delicious fruits. The tree spreads its crown 8 meters in diameter and grows up to the same height. Apple tree Strifel quickly recovers after frosty winters. The tree begins fruiting in the ninth year, the peak yield is 15 years. The tree is not resistant to scab and other diseases.

Medunitsa variety

The description of the Medunitsa apple tree should begin with the fact that this variety can be a godsend for inexperienced summer residents. It is resistant to scab and rot and tolerates the proximity of groundwater. Fruiting of the variety is summer, at the end of August. Flat-rounded 100-gram apples have a creamy pulp. The variety got its name for the honey taste of the fruit. The tree is broad and prone to overgrowth. Therefore, an annual competent pruning is required. Fruiting begins in the fourth year and the tree bears fruit for up to 60 years, gradually reducing the yield. The fruits are stored for up to two months after harvesting at the end of August.

Orlinka variety

Apple Orlinka, its description and photo completes the selection of the best varieties of apple trees that can bear fruit in a continental climate. This variety is distinguished by increased winter hardiness of both the root system and skeletal branches. But it should be especially noted the very high resistance to scab. The tree is early-growing, the first harvest gives already in the fourth year. The variety is distinguished by stretched ripening of fruits. The first apples can be tasted in August, the last in October.

Apple tree care tips - video

Apples have been grown in Russia for a long time, despite the harsh climate in some regions. And, it would seem, domestic gardeners have selected the varieties most suitable for our territories.

At the same time, something new appears every year, and summer residents are trying to grow some curiosity in their garden. In this article, we will bring to your attention the best varieties that can give a good harvest of apples in the Moscow region.

Features of growing apple trees in the Moscow region

The Moscow region is a rather vast territory with a cross-section of 300 km, so the conditions for gardening are not the same everywhere.The most favorable for growing horticultural crops are Kashirsky, Domodedovsky, Stupinsky and a number of other southwestern and southeastern regions.

The soil here is well suited for growing fruit trees, the groundwater is deep. In general, the climate is considered favorable for horticulture.

However, there are a few things to keep in mind.

To get a supply of apples all year round and be saturated with its vitamins, it is recommended to grow:

• winter varieties - 50%;
• autumn varieties - 30%;
• summer varieties - 20%.

Winter apples are harvested in late autumn at incomplete maturity and stored in a cool place until spring, while apples do not lose their taste and vitamins.

Autumn varieties are removed from the tree in late summer - early autumn, they are stored less than winter ones, but they have excellent taste and amazing aroma.

Summer fruits ripen in mid-July - early August, have a juicy and sweet pulp, but are stored for a minimum amount of time - up to 4 weeks.

One of the defining indicators for choosing a variety is its frost resistance. The roots of an apple tree are able to withstand temperatures not lower than -20 º C, and in the Moscow region the temperature sometimes drops below -30 º C. In severe winters, not only tree roots are damaged, but also trunks and branches. Young trees are especially affected.

Resistance to various diseases is a significant criterion for selecting a variety. Apple culture is easily exposed to fungal infections: cytosporosis, scab, powdery mildew. And since summer in the central zone is wet and cloudy, which is a favorable condition for the development of diseases, apple trees for the Moscow region should have high immunity to these fungal diseases.

An important factor in choosing a variety is its early maturity, that is, the beginning of fruiting in the first years after planting the seedling. These include mainly dwarf and standard varieties.

When setting up a garden, also keep in mind that apple trees are cross-pollinated plants. Therefore, the garden should contain various trees and, necessarily, tall pollinators.

Scientists have developed many modern varieties that are resistant to sudden changes in temperature, cold and disease. All of them can give a high yield in the gardens of the Moscow Region both in industrial agricultural complexes and within the framework of a private farm.

How to choose a variety that has all of the above qualities? Next, we will consider in detail the varieties of apple trees that are best suited for growing in the Moscow region.

The best summer varieties

Most summer varieties can be grown in the Moscow region.

However, the following are considered the best:

Grushovka Moscow

This variety of local breeding, known to all for a long time, is very popular. Medium-sized yellow fruits with a slight blush taste sweet and sour. The pulp is firm, very aromatic. The variety is characterized by high frost resistance. The yield is high - from 80 to 170 kg per tree.

Lungwort

The high-yielding variety ripens at the end of August. The fruits are very sweet, with a honey flavor. The rind, greenish-yellow, with a bright blush, covers most of the fruit. This variety is resistant to cold, powdery mildew, scab and other diseases.

The only negative is that the fruits are not stored for a long time, less than 4 weeks. The yield of apples of the Medunitsa variety increases gradually. In the first 2-3 years of fruiting, you can collect only 35-40 kg of apples from a tree, and by the age of 10, the yield can be calculated up to 180 kg of products from one apple tree.

In trees over 13 years old, the frequency of fruiting can be more and more clearly manifested: if at the beginning only fluctuations in yield can be observed, then from about 13 years of age the variety can produce production only after a year.

Nectar

It is a columnar variety that pleases with its fragrant yellow fruits by the middle of summer. The tree belongs to semi-dwarf: the maximum height is only 2 m.But the fruits are large, the pulp is very juicy, sweet, grainy, with a characteristic honey aroma. The variety is resistant to scab and cold.

The maximum yield of apple trees of this variety is gained in the fifth year of life. The average yield is 6 - 9 kg of large fruits per tree (from 80 to 100 tons per hectare). Proper tree care can double the yield.

Candy apple

This variety is considered the best in taste. Its fruit, actually sweet as candy, is removed from the branches in August; if they are not removed in time, they quickly end up on the ground.

The candy tree perfectly tolerates frost, but at the same time it is often affected by fungal diseases. The yield of the variety is average. 30 - 50 kg of fruits are removed from a five-year-old tree.

Wonderful

A compact and undersized variety with large (up to 200 g) fruits ripens by mid-August. The peel of the fruit is bright yellow, the flesh is sweet and sour. The variety is frost-resistant, has an increased immunity to scab, but it is often affected by aphids.

The yield of this columnar apple tree is regular and abundant, up to 80 kg of fruit can be removed from one tree.

Folding

A well-known variety with small, light, round fruits. Apple trees do well in the regions of the Moscow region, bear fruit regularly and are resistant to spring temperature changes.

The fruits are not stored for a long time, but they can be used for making juices, jams, compotes. At the age of 10 - 12 years old, paping brings from 14 to 28 kg of apples.

The best autumn varieties

Autumn varieties are distinguished by their special juiciness and aroma. And they are stored longer than summer ones.

The best of the autumn varieties for growing in the Moscow region:

Antonovka

This variety is rarely ignored by any gardener. It includes more than 15 varieties: Antonovka golden, red-sided, one and a half pounds, etc.

Apples are distinguished by dense, juicy, sweet and sour pulp, delicate apple aroma and impressive fruit sizes, which can reach up to 600 g. Depending on the care, from one tree, you can collect from 40 to 120 kg.

Strafling

This is also a very popular variety of autumn apples, albeit smaller (120–160 g). The fruit is characterized by a yellowish color with red stripes. The sweet and sour pulp exudes a delicate aroma.

The variety is winter-hardy, apples are stored for a long time, they tolerate transportation well. The fruiting of the apple tree increases every year. According to statistics, in the 10th year they collect - about 12 kg; for 20 years - 180 kg.; at the age of 30 - up to 350 kg.

Zhigulevsky

High-yielding variety, with large (up to 350 g) fruits of bright red color. Harvested at the end of September, but apples are stored until January. Up to 250 kg of aromatic fruits can be harvested from one apple tree.

Vasyugan

A fast-growing columnar apple tree. Its peculiarity is that the tree begins to bear fruit from the first year of life, subject to autumn planting. The yellow apples with a bright blush are of medium size (150–220 g).

The pulp is dense, crispy, juicy, sweet and sour taste. The variety easily tolerates frosts down to -40 ° C, is highly resistant to scab and other diseases, and is well transported. The average yield of one adult apple tree is 5–6 kg, the maximum yield is up to 10 kg.

The best winter varieties

When choosing winter varieties, 2 main goals are pursued: so that the apples are stored for the maximum time and at the same time have a good taste until the end of the storage period.

Among these varieties for the Moscow region, the following are suitable:

Star

This is a domestic hybrid variety, bred specifically for growing in the Moscow region. Small fruits (100-130 g) are covered with a bright blush.

Apple trees easily tolerate frost of any strength and are resistant to disease. From an 11 - 18-year-old tree, up to 100 kilograms of apples can be harvested per year. The record harvest of this variety is 211 kilograms.

Moscow winter

A fairly common winter-hardy variety is characterized by medium-sized fruits, greenish-yellow color with a slight blush. The pulp, firm and juicy, has a sweet and sour taste. The variety is rarely exposed to pests. With proper care and annual pruning, a tree of this variety is capable of producing up to 160 kg of fruit.

Moscow necklace

Very late ripening columnar variety. Fruits are medium-sized (170-200 g), spherical in shape, have a yellowish peel, completely covered with a pronounced blush.The pulp is juicy, dense, sweet and sour.

The apple tree "Moscow Necklace" is loved by gardeners for its frost resistance and exceptional yield. The demand for this columnar variety is so great that it is not easy to buy seedlings even in a nursery. The maximum yield from a five-year-old tree is 6-10 kg of apples.

Pepin Saffron

This famous variety was bred by Michurin himself. Fruits of medium size, yellow color with a dark blush have an amazing wine-sweet taste and pronounced aroma. Apples are stored for a long time, almost until the new harvest. From a 20-year-old apple tree, you can harvest 220-280 kg.

Belarusian varieties of winter-ripening apples take root well in the Moscow region.

For example, the Belarusian sweet apple is distinguished by its sweetness and regular fruiting. Alesya apples are stored until April, and the tree is compact and does not get scab. The Syabrynya variety is winter-hardy, high-yielding, and immune to scab.

By the time of ripeness, the fruits acquire a special sweetness, covered with a beautiful golden-red blush.

In the south of the Moscow region, you can grow apple trees of such winter varieties as:

1. Academician Kazakov (the fruits are juicy, sweet, with a slight sourness, persist until April, the average yield is 183 c / ha);
2. Vikor (apples are sweet and sour, with strawberry notes, but they persist only until February; yield - about 80 c / ha).

Lovers of small-fruited varieties will like the so-called "paradise apples" of a high-yielding and winter-hardy variety of the Canadian selection Kitayka Kerr. Apples, although small (20 - 50 g), but juicy, tasty, are stored until February - March; the tree gives about 110 kg per tree.

As you can see, many good varieties of apples can be grown in the Moscow region, which will provide a vitamin supply throughout the year. By choosing several of the varieties presented above, you can grow a wonderful apple orchard on your site near Moscow, which gives a high yield of tasty, healthy fruits.

The development and fruiting of apple trees largely depends on climatic conditions. For the Moscow region, despite the warming of the climate in the northern hemisphere over the past 50 years, a rather cold winter is typical. Severe frosts down to -30 ° C are often followed by thaws when the temperature rises to 4 ° C. Autumn in the Moscow region is long and humid, in the third decade of September the first frosts come, in October it is cold and rainy, and the November average daytime temperature drops to minus values. Return frosts are not uncommon in spring. Therefore, it is necessary to purchase varieties adapted to the climate of the central region.

The best apple varieties for the Moscow region

When choosing fruit trees for the garden, one should take into account not only the taste characteristics of the varieties, but also the ripening time. By planting summer, autumn and winter varieties, you can harvest the whole season and keep it until spring. In this case, one should be guided by the following varietal ratio: the proportion of fruit trees of summer ripening - 10%, autumn - 30%, winter - 60%.

If it is not possible to store apples for a long time, it is enough to plant two apple trees of the autumn and summer varieties and one of the winter varieties.

Having planted different varieties, you can not only feast on apples in season, but also prepare them for the winter

Summer varieties

Apples that ripen in July-August can be eaten off the tree, but they are poorly stored. The crop is processed for the production of juices, fruit purees, marshmallows, marmalade.

Summer apples are not stored for a long time and are used to make jam and juices

Melba

Melba is a common variety, known since the 19th century. Received nationwide recognition for the impeccable taste of apples - sweet and sour, caramel, like the parent variety Mekintosh. The tree can grow up to 5 m high and bear fruit from the fifth year. The ripening period of the crop is mid-August. If not harvested in time, ripe apples may crumble.Young trees bear annual fruiting, old apple trees are characterized by periodicity.

The average weight of apples is 140 g, but even larger specimens grow, up to 300 g. Rounded, slightly flattened fruits with a greenish-yellow oily skin in the sun acquire an orange-red blush. They are not damaged during transportation and can be stored for about 4 weeks.

Apple-tree Melba is a summer variety loved by gardeners for the candy taste of the fruit

Video: Melba apple tree

Grushovka Moscow

Grushovka Moskovskaya is a favorite variety of gardeners: although the apples are not large, weighing about 100 g, they are unusually tasty and aromatic. A tall tree (6 m) yields 80–170 kg of fruit. Ripening of apples is not close, from the last decade of July to mid-August. The bright red integumentary color with pink stripes gives the ripe fruit a splendor. Ripe fruits are sweet and sour, juicy, overripe become dry. If apples are placed in the cellar immediately after picking, they will not spoil for 2-3 weeks.

The variety is also popularly called Pestrushka, Sadchina, Spasovka, Skorospelka. It is believed that the name Grushovka is associated with the name of a resident of Tula - the gardener Grushovsky, who was engaged in breeding the variety.

Grushovka Moskovskaya is an old local variety that is still popular.

Grushovka Moskovskaya is able to withstand severe frosts (down to -45-50 ° C), but it is not drought-resistant enough - it can shed fruits in the heat. Old plantings are often affected by scab, the yield decreases during periods of mass appearance of the moth.

Apple Spas

The apple tree, obtained in 2006 from Redfrey and Papirovka, is a new generation variety with improved characteristics: it is resistant to scab, winter-hardy - with a frost of -25 ° C, the bark and buds are only slightly damaged. The tree begins to bear fruit in the 3rd year. The apples are large, weighing 215 g, ripen in mid-August. The yield increases gradually, reaching 50 kg per plant by the age of 10.

Golden-yellow fruits of a round-elongated shape acquire a raspberry striped color when ripe. The pulp, unlike most varieties, is not creamy, but greenish, juicy, sweet with sourness. The shelf life of the fruits is about a month, so the harvest is mainly used for processing.

Large bright fruits of the Apple Spas variety ripen in mid-August

Arkadik

Arkadik is a modern variety derived from the well-known Arkad yellow apple, crossed with the American type SR 0523. Not inferior in taste and winter hardiness to the old Russian variety, but more productive, immune to scab.

A 4-meter tree, characterized by rapid growth, gives its first harvest in the 3rd year of planting and does not grow so quickly. The wide crown and sparsely spaced thick branches make the apple tree durable, not reducing productivity, even in seasons with unfavorable weather. The harvest ripens in early August, 305 centners can be harvested per hectare. Large fruits with light skin weighing 120-340 g, when ripe, are covered with a raspberry blush. Apples with a fragrant aroma have a good sweet and sour taste. Do not delay harvesting - ripe fruits quickly fall off. They are stored for no more than 30 days.

Arkadik apples have excellent taste - sweet and sour, with a strong aroma

Autumn varieties

In apples of autumn varieties, removable maturity occurs by the end of summer - beginning of autumn. Once removed, they mature within 2 weeks and are stored for 2–4 months.

Striped anise

Popular folk variety known as Anisovka, Anise variegated, Anise gray. The tree is vigorous, with a spreading dense crown and winding branches. It has many advantages: durability - bears fruit up to 70 and even 100 years, resistance to frost and drought, and most importantly - a unique aniseed apple aroma. Begins to bear fruit in the 6th year. At first, the yield indicators are moderate, and at the age of 15 or more years, trees can produce a record number of apples - 320 kg.Small fruits weighing 70–90 g are turnip-shaped immediately after picking, greenish, lying down, turn slightly yellow. The cover color is pink with specks and stripes. Sweet and sour pulp with aniseed flavor retains its juiciness for 60 days.

Anise striped apples after picking can be stored for 2 months

Antonovka ordinary

Despite a wide variety of new varieties, Antonovka is firmly in the lead. Gardeners are attracted by the yield of the tree, increased resistance to cold weather and pathogens, but above all - delicious fruits with a unique "Antonov" aroma.

The tree is vigorous, with an oval crown, acquiring a wider shape over time. Large fruits of a round-flattened shape, weighing more than 170 g, greenish-yellow tint, with a waxy coating. Begins to bear fruit in the 7-8th year. Few varieties of apple trees can be compared with Antonovka - yields exceeded 500 and even 1000 kg per plant. But fruiting is irregular.

A rare apple variety can be compared in yield with Antonovka ordinary

The pulp is white, juicy, sweet and sour. Until ripening - mid-September - apples are firmly held on the branches. Ripe fruits emit a strong pleasant smell, which is why the variety has gained popularity. Apples tolerate transportation well, they are stored for 3 months. But when pressed and bruised, dark spots are formed, which reduce the commercial quality. Antonovka is tasty both fresh and soaked; compotes are prepared from it, added to vegetable salads and sauerkraut.

Antonovka vulgaris apples have a unique aroma peculiar only to this variety.

Autumn striped

The variety, whose history goes back more than one century, is famous for its unsurpassed rich harvests, unique taste and aroma of fruits. It comes from Holland, came to Russia from the Baltic States and in 1947 was entered in the State Register. The variety of folk selection is also known under other names: Autumn striped, Starostino, Strefel, Shtrifel.

The tree is powerful, tall (8-10 m), with a wide crown of medium thickening. Strong dark brown branches are almost parallel to the ground, the ends are slightly drooping. The first fruits appear in the 5th year, a seven-year-old tree gives 10 kg of harvest, at the age of 20 and older - more than 300 kg.

In the 30s of the twentieth century, a record harvest was recorded in Orel - 430 kg per plant.

Apple variety Autumn striped is famous for its harvests

Fruits weighing 140 g have a dense, shiny rind with a light matte bloom. Apples look bright, elegant: when ripe, yellowish fruits become ruddy, with dark stripes and dots. Light flesh, pinkish under the skin, tender, juicy, sweet and sour, with a wine flavor. The strong peel allows the fruit to be well stored until December.

The variety is winter-hardy, retains the ability to bear fruit even after the harsh winter cold of northern latitudes due to its ability to quickly recover. Apple trees grow up to 50 years old, rarely get sick, only in rainy years a slight lesion with scab is noted.

Brown new

Bred from Striped Brown and Welsey, it has been recommended for temperate horticulture since 1965. A tree with a high spreading crown begins to bear its first fruits at the age of 7 years, gradually increasing its yield. The average rate of a 15-year-old tree is 18 c / ha. Apples ripen at the beginning of September and reach consumer maturity in 3-4 weeks. Ripe fruits are firmly held on the branches, well stored for about 3 months.

Greenish-yellow apples weighing 150 g acquire a speckled dark red color by the time they are picked. Juicy, creamy, sweet and sour pulp with aroma. A viable tree is resistant to scab and a number of fungal diseases. It tolerates winter cold well, but in terms of frost resistance it is somewhat inferior to Brown striped.It was also noticed that after a hot summer, with the onset of prolonged rains, the fruits often crack.

The fruits of the New Brown apple tree are firmly adhered to the branches

Winter varieties

Ripening of winter varieties occurs at the end of September - beginning of October. Apples are stored for a long time - 4–8 months. During the ripening period, they are quite hard, ripening occurs during storage, their taste improves. Fruits of winter varieties, due to their dense consistency, are well preserved during transportation.

Winter apples can lie until spring

Moscow winter

The late winter variety has been grown in the gardens of the Moscow Region since 2002. There are practically no wormy or rotten fruits on the tree, it is not damaged in extremely harsh winters, and the wonderful taste of apples and keeping quality (stored all winter) favorably distinguish this variety among other apple trees.

A medium-sized tree with a heavy round crown enters the fruiting period in the 7th year. The yield is gradually increasing and reaches 137 centners / ha, which exceeds the average by 37 centners. The beautiful greenish-yellow fruits are covered with a bright blush. Average weight - 200-280 g. For the yellowish pulp, sweet and sour taste, a special spicy aroma is characteristic. Harvest at the end of September.

Large apples of the Moscow Winter variety can be stored all winter until spring

Pepin saffron

Recognized as the best Michurin variety. Obtained in 1907, it is found everywhere in the gardens of the center of Russia. A tree with a spreading weeping crown gives record yields - up to 280 kg, without having a fruiting frequency. Very tenacious - if damaged in a harsh winter, it quickly recovers.

The early winter variety ripens at the end of September. The apples are small, weighing 85 g, smooth, orange-yellow with red strokes. The taste of the creamy yellow pulp is unusual, wine-sweet. The fruits have good transportability and keeping quality, do not deteriorate until February, over time their taste only improves.

The apples of the Pepin saffron variety, although not large, are very beautiful in appearance

Bogatyr

Late winter domestic variety, grown by crossing Antonovka and Renet Landsberg and taking the best properties from the parents - cold resistance, good immunity to diseases, keeping quality, yield and excellent fruit taste. The tree is a real hero: tall, with a mighty crown, stretching 5 m. It begins to bear fruit in the 7th year.

More about the variety - in our article: Planting and growing the Bogatyr apple tree.

Apples ripen by mid-September, but it is advisable not to immediately remove them from the branches: with early harvest, they often shrivel. The fruits are well stored throughout the winter. Every year, 80 kg of large apples weighing 120-200 g can be harvested from the tree. Round, slightly flattened greenish-yellow fruits, after lying down, acquire a light yellow hue. The pulp is dense, refreshing taste, slightly juicy, the sugar content is higher than that of Antonovka.

The Bogatyr apple variety fully justifies its name: a powerful tree annually presents with large fruits

Video: apple tree Bogatyr

Oryol dawn

The variety has been in the State Register since 2002, it resists disease well, and is adapted to the climatic conditions of the central regions of the country. A tree of medium size, with straight brown shoots forming a pyramidal crown back, early-growing - gives the first harvest in the 4th year. Fruits are round, flattened, weighing 120 g, greenish-yellow in color, becoming crimson-red by the time of harvest. Consumers and tasters unanimously recognize the excellent taste of apples - sweet and sour, which is rated 4.8 out of 5. Average yield - 180 kg per plant. Ripening of fruits - in the second decade of September, they can be consumed immediately after picking or laid in the cellar - they do not lose their presentation for 120 days.

The fruits of the Orlovskaya Zarya apple tree were highly appreciated for their excellent taste

Columnar apple trees

If the area does not allow growing large trees, columnar varieties can be planted. A miniature apple tree gives much less fruit than a tall one, but due to the effective use of the area, placing several trees in a small area, you can get bountiful harvests. For the Moscow region, frost-resistant varieties should be chosen. You just need to remember that columnar apple trees bear fruit for no more than 15 years, then they should be replaced, although they can grow up to 50 years.

Nectar

A domestic variety of an apple tree with a summer ripening period: the crop can be harvested at the end of August. Apples are not stored for a long time, they should be eaten immediately after picking, dried fruits, juices and preserves should be cooked.

A small tree (2.2 m) has a crown only 25 cm wide. The variety is fast-growing - the first fruit ovaries are formed already next season. The average yield is 9 kg, the weight of yellowish rounded apples is 100-250 g. The light flesh is sweet, with a distinct honey flavor, which explains the name of the apple tree.

Medoc is also prized for its frost resistance: it is not damaged at very low temperatures (up to -42 ° C), therefore it is grown not only in the Moscow region, but in Siberia and the Urals.

Columnar apple trees Medoc begin to bear fruit already in the 2nd year

Gin

Refers to autumn varieties. The tree does not exceed 2 m in height and blooms the next season after disembarkation. The miniature apple tree is famous for its bountiful harvests. At first, they are about 4 kg, but they increase annually and from the age of 5 the apple tree shows its potential - 15 kg. Large (150-200 g) smooth ruddy fruits with their sweet and sour taste and appearance resemble the Melba variety. Apples ripe in mid-September do not fall from the tree; after being picked in a cool room, they can lie for 5 months.

Up to 15 kg of harvest can be harvested from a low Gin apple tree

Moscow necklace

The winter apple-tree variety has been zoned for the Moscow region since 2008. A short tree with a narrow crown and strong shoots easily survives a short-term drought and a drop in temperature to -30 ° C. A year after planting, it gives the first harvest. Ball-shaped green fruits weighing 130–250 g by the time of ripening acquire a strongly manifested reddish blush. Apples have a dessert taste that they do not lose even after long-term storage - 90 days. During the season, you can get 10 kg of harvest from a tree. Compact green trees, decorated with bright fruits, like beads, are often used for decorative purposes.

Miniature columnar apple tree Moscow necklace gives its first harvest a year after planting

Features of growing apple trees in the Moscow region

Future yields and longevity of an apple orchard largely depend on location, soil preparation and planting material.

Tree planting

Apple trees like to grow in sunny areas, sheltered from the wind, a short distance from hedges or buildings. They prefer loose sandy loam or loamy soil, well fertilized, with neutral acidity, without flooding by groundwater.

Tall trees need a spacious area - at least 4 m should be left between them. Miniature columnar apple trees are planted at a distance of 40-50 cm from each other.

To increase productivity, different varieties should be planted, which will pollinate each other.

A sunny, spacious area should be allocated under the apple orchard so that the trees do not shade each other.

For planting, it is better to use two-year varietal seedlings grown in a container - they can be planted by transshipment all season. Plants with open roots should preferably be planted in early spring, before bud break, when the temperature is above zero. Planting at the end of the season is discouraged. Autumn in the Moscow region is usually rainy, short periods of warmth are replaced by a significant drop in temperature, early frosts are frequent, and apple trees planted in September can freeze and die.

It is better to purchase seedlings in containers - they take root painlessly

A site for an apple orchard should be prepared in advance, dig holes 100 cm wide and 70 cm deep and fill the soil well: add 3 buckets of humus, 90 g of superphosphate, 80 g of potassium salt (or 500 g of wood ash).

At a high level of acidity, 500 g of lime is added to the soil.

Step-by-step planting process:

1. In the center of the pit, a part of the fertilized soil is poured with a mound.
2. A seedling is placed in the pit, the roots are straightened. A plant with a closed root system is transferred from the pot along with the earth.

   A seedling in a hole is placed with straightened roots

3. A stake is driven in from the side.
4. They cover the tree, and, holding it by the trunk, shake it slightly so that there are no voids around the roots. The soil is compacted.
5. The root collar must not be buried; it must be 5 cm higher than the ground level.
6. Tie the seedling to the support.
7. Form a groove around the trunk and water the tree with 20 liters of water.
8. For less evaporation of moisture, mulch (hay, straw, humus) is laid out in the root zone.

Immediately after planting, the tree is shortened at a height of 50 cm - this pruning stimulates the growth of the lateral branches. Young trees can suffer from the bright spring sun or return frosts, so at first they should be covered with agrofibre.

Video: planting an apple tree in spring

How to care for an apple tree in the Moscow region

Comfortable conditions and regular care have a beneficial effect on the productivity of the apple tree: the yield increases by 1.5-2 times, the fruits become much larger and tastier.

Watering and loosening

Apple trees can withstand short periods of drought, but with a constant lack of moisture, the foliage begins to dry out and fall off, and the fruits become less juicy. Watering is especially important for young, intensively growing trees. They are moistened every week using 3 buckets of water per plant. Mature trees are watered three times per season:

• when budding;
• after flowering;
• after picking up the fruit.

60 liters of water is enough to moisten the soil half a meter deep. In the rainy season, apple trees do not need additional watering, and in dry autumn, it is necessary to carry out pre-winter watering (80 l / plant).

Water under the apple trees is brought into the ring grooves

In many varieties, apples crack at high humidity, losing marketability. Therefore, during the period of fruiting, trees are not watered.

After watering or rain, it is necessary to loosen the soil in the near-trunk zone to a depth of no more than 10 cm so as not to damage the suction roots that are close to the surface. And then lay mulch, which will keep the soil moist for a long time and prevent weeds from growing.

Top dressing

The apple tree, as it grows, consumes all the nutrients stored in the soil during planting. Therefore, already in the next season in early spring, it should be fed with nitrogen fertilizers (70 g of urea). In September, it is necessary to add a phosphorus-potassium solution (2 tbsp. L / 10 l).

In fruit-bearing trees, the need for feeding increases. After the snow melts, saltpeter (40 g / m2) is scattered under the crown, before flowering during watering, a superphosphate solution (70 g / 10 l) is added, after the buds fall off, they are fed with nitrophos (50 g / 10 l). In order for the tree to grow stronger after fruiting and prepare for wintering, potassium-phosphorus fertilizer is applied along the perimeter of the crown and embedded in the soil.

Dry fertilizer is scattered around the crown perimeter and then embedded in the soil

Instead of mineral additives, you can use organic matter: mullein, chicken droppings, horse rotted manure. The nutrient fluid is applied under the trees in early spring, and after the end of the season, the trunk circle is covered with rotted manure (25 kg / tree). When ovaries appear, it is useful to feed the apple tree with ash (300 g / m2), which contains a large amount of potassium in its composition.

Pruning

Pruning is an important part of apple tree care. For young trees, it is necessary for the formation of a compact crown, usually of a sparse-tiered appearance. In subsequent years, they carry out regulatory pruning, removing excess and twisted branches, broken and damaged by diseases. With age, the productivity of the apple tree decreases, the tree needs rejuvenating pruning: old branches are cut off, replacing them with new side shoots.

In early spring, before budding, the apple tree is pruned

Fruit rationing is a peculiar form of pruning. If you do not remove part of the ovaries, fruiting can be intermittent, and the apples are smaller.

A columnar apple tree growing into one trunk does not need formative pruning. She only shortens the lateral shoots, removes the branches that bear fruit, and at the age of 5 years, the top is cut off to stop the growth of the column.

Frost protection

The varieties of apple trees recommended for growing in the Moscow region tolerate a significant drop in temperature in winter and do not require insulation. But the trees should be prepared for wintering. On the eve of cold weather, the trunk and skeletal branches are cleaned of dry bark and whitewashed with a lime solution. This will save the tree from cracking the bark during sudden temperature changes and sunburn.

In the fall, the stem and skeletal branches of the apple tree should be whitewashed with garden paint or lime mortar

But young plantings can be damaged by frost, especially in winters with little snow, so in the first 2-3 years they should still be covered with non-woven material that allows air to pass through, and tied with coniferous branches.

Disease prevention

Improper care or unfavorable weather conditions can contribute to the activation of pathogens or pests, therefore it is necessary to carry out preventive treatment of trees annually.

1. The first spraying is carried out in early spring in order to prevent the spread of fungal diseases and exterminate insects that overwintered under the bark of a tree (Nitrafen - 300 ml of a 3% solution per 10 liters of water, a solution of copper sulfate - 100 g of a 1% solution per 10 liters).
2. Repeatedly spray from ticks, moths, flower beetles before and after flowering (urea solution, Karbofos - 60 g per 10 liters of water).
3. After harvesting, the crown and soil are treated with insecticides as a prophylaxis for diseases and to exterminate parasites preparing for hibernation (solution of urea, copper sulfate).

If you plant fragrant flowers next to apple trees: lemon balm, calendula and marigolds, you can not only decorate the garden, but also protect fruit plantings from pests.

Video: apple scab treatment

Reviews

It is impossible to imagine the gardens of the Moscow region without apple trees. They not only delight the eye with snow-white flowers in spring and green foliage in summer, but also generously present with fruits. You just need to choose the right varieties adapted to the climate of Central Russia, and carefully look after the apple orchard. Having a large plot, you can plant tall trees of different types: old ones, grown by our grandfathers, and new ones, genetically resistant to diseases. For the owners of small gardens, a real find are miniature columnar apple trees.