Quince the best varieties

Quince is a plant belonging to the Rosaceae family. Reaches a height of 7-9 meters. The beneficial properties of tart fruits have been known since antiquity. Some historians claim that it was the quince that was the apple, with the inscription "fairest", which Aphrodite received as a result. Lemon yellow fruits are prized for their pleasant aroma and sweet and sour taste. Quince is a great addition to meat dishes; it makes good compote, jam and preserves.

Experts divide the quince into 5 main groups, including about 400 varieties. Garden groups differ in leaf color, crown shape and fruit. Do you want to plant quince on your site, but do not know which variety to give preference to? This article presents the best of the best that deserve attention first.

Beretsky

The variety was bred in Hungary. The trees are tall. The crown is pyramidal. The fruits are large, pear-shaped, weighing 250-270 grams. Sometimes there are specimens of 350-400 gr. They ripen in October. Its characteristic feature is its thin skin. It is noteworthy that the quince does not crumble when ripe. Stored without losing its original appearance and taste for 80 days. The tree begins to bear fruit at 2-4 years of age.

Anzherskaya

Early ripening, obtained in France. Quince is shaped like apples. The skin is smooth, yellow. The pulp is firm, granular in the middle. The variety attracts with fast ripening, high yield and resistance to fungal diseases. Angerskaya quince is stored for up to 60 days.

An excellent pupil

The variety was obtained by employees of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. The tree is medium-sized, with a lush crown. On nutritious soils, it gives consistently high yields - 45 kg per tree. The plant tolerates low temperatures and drought well. An important condition for growing is abundant watering. Compliance with this simple rule increases the yield by 1.5 times. Productively bears fruit for 27 years. Quince ripens in early October. Stored for 80 days.

Golden

Weak variety. Branches are thin, intertwined. The crown is spherical. Fruit weight varies from 200 to 400 grams.Quince resembles an apple, the fluff on the surface is weak. The pulp is creamy, tough. Harvesting can begin at the end of September. One tree gives 30-40 kg.

Crimean early

A variety that begins to bear fruit from 3 years of age. The tree is of medium height, with a round crown. Quince is bright yellow, smooth. It ripens at the end of September. The taste is tart, sweet and sour. Poorly tolerates long-term transportation. When transported over long distances, each fruit is wrapped in paper. The yield is at a good level - up to 40 kg per tree.

Kuban yielding

As the name implies, the main advantage of the variety is its yield. One tree gives up to 100 kg of fruit. At the same time, the quince is of excellent quality.

Large, juicy, aromatic, sweet and sour. The pulp is a little rough, creamy. Fruit mass - 500 gr. It tolerates low and high temperatures well.

The variety is resistant to pests. The fruits ripen at the end of September. Stored for a long time without losing their presentation.

Muscat

Medium-sized variety, unpretentious in cultivation. Easily adapts to environmental conditions. Grows successfully even on compacted, scarce soils. He is not afraid of frosts and prolonged drought.

Nutmeg quince has a strong immune system - it rarely gets sick. Fruits are of medium size, weight - up to 250 gr. Quince is covered with a dense fluff, similar to felt. The pulp is light beige, fibrous, harsh. The taste is pleasant, sweet with a pronounced sourness.

One tree produces 35-45 kg of fruit. They ripen in September-October.

Rumo

This variety is a favorite of many gardeners. A medium-sized tree is characterized by winter hardiness and disease resistance. The fruits are large. In some cases, the mass reaches 600 grams.

Quince has an oval shape and juicy flesh. Taste - sweet and sour, without astringency. The harvest begins at the end of September. Productivity - 65-70 kg per tree.

Kaunchi-10

Differs in high consumer qualities. A medium-sized tree produces beautiful pear-shaped fruits. Weight varies from 200 to 400 gr. The pulp is juicy and sweet. Ripening occurs in the first decade of October. Quince can be stored for up to 90 days. It is quite possible to collect from 50 to 60 kg from each tree.

Teplovskaya

The variety was obtained in Astrakhan. The breeders wanted to develop a quince that is resistant to low temperatures and yields good yields. They succeeded. The tree is not afraid of cold weather. Produces yellow fruits resembling apples. Sizes are different - from small to large. The pulp is juicy, dense, aromatic. The taste is sweet and sour. Stored up to 4 months.

Here are 10 of the best varieties. Everyone is the perfect candidate for growing. They are resistant to low temperatures and drought, are practically not affected by fungi, give juicy and tasty fruits that are distinguished by high commercial qualities and can be stored for a long time.

Video review of quince, harvesting

Quince is a plant belonging to the Rosaceae family. Reaches a height of 7-9 meters. The beneficial properties of tart fruits have been known since antiquity. Some historians claim that it was the quince that was the apple, with the inscription "fairest", which Aphrodite received as a result. Lemon yellow fruits are prized for their pleasant aroma and sweet and sour taste. Quince is a great addition to meat dishes; it makes good compote, jam and preserves.

Experts divide the quince into 5 main groups, including about 400 varieties. Garden groups differ in leaf color, crown shape and fruit. Do you want to plant quince on your site, but do not know which variety to give preference to? This article presents the best of the best that deserve attention first.

Beretsky

The variety was bred in Hungary. The trees are tall. The crown is pyramidal. The fruits are large, pear-shaped, weighing 250-270 grams. Sometimes there are specimens of 350-400 gr. They ripen in October. Its characteristic feature is its thin skin. It is noteworthy that the quince does not crumble when ripe. Stored without losing its original appearance and taste for 80 days.The tree begins to bear fruit at 2-4 years of age.

Anzherskaya

Early ripening, obtained in France. Quince is shaped like apples. The skin is smooth, yellow. The pulp is firm, granular in the middle. The variety attracts with fast ripening, high yield and resistance to fungal diseases. Angerskaya quince is stored for up to 60 days.

An excellent pupil

The variety was obtained by employees of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. The tree is medium-sized, with a lush crown. On nutritious soils, it gives consistently high yields - 45 kg per tree. The plant tolerates low temperatures and drought well. An important condition for growing is abundant watering. Compliance with this simple rule increases the yield by 1.5 times. Productively bears fruit for 27 years. Quince ripens in early October. Stored for 80 days.

Golden

Weak variety. Branches are thin, intertwined. The crown is spherical. Fruit weight varies from 200 to 400 grams. Quince resembles an apple, the fluff on the surface is weak. The pulp is creamy, tough. Harvesting can begin at the end of September. One tree gives 30-40 kg.

Crimean early

A variety that begins to bear fruit from 3 years of age. The tree is of medium height, with a round crown. Quince is bright yellow, smooth. It ripens at the end of September. The taste is tart, sweet and sour. Poorly tolerates long-term transportation. When transported over long distances, each fruit is wrapped in paper. The yield is at a good level - up to 40 kg per tree.

Kuban yielding

As the name implies, the main advantage of the variety is its yield. One tree gives up to 100 kg of fruit. At the same time, the quince is of excellent quality.

Large, juicy, aromatic, sweet and sour. The pulp is a little rough, creamy. Fruit mass - 500 gr. It tolerates low and high temperatures well.

The variety is resistant to pests. The fruits ripen at the end of September. Stored for a long time without losing their presentation.

Muscat

Medium-sized variety, unpretentious in cultivation. Easily adapts to environmental conditions. Grows successfully even on compacted, scarce soils. He is not afraid of frosts and prolonged drought.

Nutmeg quince has a strong immune system - it rarely gets sick. Fruits are of medium size, weight - up to 250 gr. Quince is covered with a dense fluff, similar to felt. The pulp is light beige, fibrous, harsh. The taste is pleasant, sweet with a pronounced sourness.

One tree produces 35-45 kg of fruit. They ripen in September-October.

Rumo

This variety is a favorite of many gardeners. A medium-sized tree is characterized by winter hardiness and disease resistance. The fruits are large. In some cases, the mass reaches 600 grams.

Quince has an oval shape and juicy flesh. Taste - sweet and sour, without astringency. The harvest begins at the end of September. Productivity - 65-70 kg per tree.

Kaunchi-10

Differs in high consumer qualities. A medium-sized tree produces beautiful pear-shaped fruits. Weight varies from 200 to 400 gr. The pulp is juicy and sweet. Ripening occurs in the first decade of October. Quince can be stored for up to 90 days. It is quite possible to collect from 50 to 60 kg from each tree.

Teplovskaya

The variety was obtained in Astrakhan. The breeders wanted to develop a quince that is resistant to low temperatures and yields good yields. They succeeded. The tree is not afraid of cold weather. Produces yellow fruits resembling apples. Sizes are different - from small to large. The pulp is juicy, dense, aromatic. The taste is sweet and sour. Stored up to 4 months.

Here are 10 of the best varieties. Everyone is the perfect candidate for growing. They are resistant to low temperatures and drought, are practically not affected by fungi, give juicy and tasty fruits that are distinguished by high commercial qualities and can be stored for a long time.

Video review of quince, harvesting

These unusual fruits, in which rose, lemon and apple are combined, are infrequent guests in our gardens. Although with proper care they will not yield to others in any way

fruit trees

.

Quince

(Cydonia) like

Apple tree

with

pear

, belongs to the pink family (Rosaceae) - we can say that they are sisters. To understand this, just look at their equally large snow-white or pale pink flowers.

Quince flowers open only when the danger of return frosts has long passed, therefore, even if the spring was cool, nothing threatens the harvest.

Ay yes quince

This fruit was highly valued in antiquity, and quince is grown no less four thousand years... She was well known to the ancient Greeks and Romans, who helped her advance to Northern Italy, France and other Western European countries. In England, for example, in the Middle Ages, baked quince was served at gala receptions as an exquisite dessert dish. And in the 17th-18th centuries, together with immigrants from Europe, she went on a journey around the rest of the world, including America and Australia.

And today it is grown in more than 40 countries, albeit mainly in private gardens, while large plantations are available only in the USA, Mexico, Australia and some European countries, for example, in Germany.

Since time immemorial, this southern culture has been known in the Transcaucasus, including the North Caucasus region of Russia, and Central Asia. But now the quince is successfully "moving" to the north, of course, only to places with a temperate climate. You can already see it with your own eyes in Sweden and Norway, and in Russia - in the Volga region and the Central Black Earth zone (Saratov, Samara, Voronezh, Tambov regions). Moreover, each region has its own varieties: in the Volga region - ‘Skorospelka’, ‘Maslenka Pozdnaya’, ‘Anzherskaya’, ‘Krasnoslobodskaya’, ‘Teplovskaya’; in Dagestan - ‘Vraniska Daniya’, ‘Gurdzhi ayva’, ‘Ktyun-Zhum’, ‘Buinakskaya large-fruited’, ‘Zabutlinskaya’; in the Krasnodar Territory - ‘Muscat’, ‘Yantarnaya Krasnodar’, ‘Kubanskaya’, ‘Zolotistaya’ and others.

The advantages of quince

Compared to apple and pear, quince has a number of advantages. She:

• weak (it can even be formed in the form of a bush), which greatly facilitates the collection of fruits;
• blooms later, therefore, leaves from late spring frosts;
• early ripening and very fruitful.

In terms of winter hardiness, our "southerner" is, of course, inferior to apple and pear trees, but not too harsh winters endure quite easily. Damage - freezing of annual shoots - occurs only at temperatures below -37 ° C, but the plants then quickly recover.

But in comparison with its cold-resistant "sisters", quince is more drought resistantbesides, she can grow even on saline soilsthat rarely any culture can withstand. And on fertile and moist soils, the yield of quince reaches a maximum - more than 100 kg of fruits from one tree!

Harvest starts at the end of September and lasts until about the end of October, depending on the quince variety and weather conditions. The fruits are picked one at a time and placed neatly in fruit crates for storage.

The perfect moment to harvest - shortly before full ripening, as soon as the green color of the skin of the fruit turns into yellow or lemon. 

Useful properties and application

Quince fruits not only have an incomparable aroma, but are also considered a valuable dietary product. They are rich in substances useful for human health, such as organic acids with a predominance of apple and citric, sugar (mainly fructose and glucose), vitamins (C, group B, PP, etc.), pectins and minerals.

The healing properties of quince are also known. The fruit is recommended for indigestion as a wonderful astringent, and the seeds as an anti-inflammatory, emollient and mild laxative. A decoction of seeds is considered a good cosmetic product for skin care, is used to gargle with sore throat and as a lotion on the eyes.

For food quince is best consumed after processing.At home, you can use it to make aromatic jams, compotes, juices, jellies, jam, marmalade, candied fruits, pie filling and much more (see recipes in No. 4 of our magazine on pages 44-47). Baked, steamed and pickled quince is especially tasty and healthy: its pulp in this case becomes more juicy and tender, and the astringency almost completely disappears.

Fruit dessert varieties (‘Sovkhoznaya’, ‘Krasnoslobodskaya’, ‘Ilmenskaya’, ‘Dessertnaya’, ‘Portuguese’, etc.) are also used fresh. You can even dry and freeze them. For this, apple-shaped quince is more suitable.

Generally, by the shape of the fruit common quince (Cydonia oblonga) - this is the only type of quince in the culture - is divided into two varieties: round apple fruit (C. oblonga maliformis) and with oblong pear-shaped (C. oblonga piriformis).

In rounded fruits, resembling an apple, most often hard and very aromatic flesh, penetrated with numerous hard stony cells.

Pear-shaped fruits softer and sweeter in taste. Interestingly:for food use it is better to take quince after 4-8 weeks of storage, when it acquires a characteristic taste and aroma. At the same time, the content of "bad" tannins in the fruits decreases and the amount of "good" organic acids and pectin increases.

Do not forget and

about the decorative properties of quince ... Blooming trees with fruits are a great decoration for a small garden, as well as for a park or square. In addition, this plant is reliable - durable and unpretentious, requiring almost no maintenance. The branched root system of quince strengthens the slopes and slopes well.

And one more wonderful property of quince. In many countries, including Russia, it is widely used as rootstock for pear... Seedlings are grown from seeds and a varietal pear is grafted onto them with an eye or cuttings. This grafting gives the pear a short stature and accelerates the onset of fruiting.

Low growth of some varieties of quince - its great advantage. Harvesting quince is easier than the fruits of other fruit trees, and the yield under favorable weather conditions can reach up to a centner from one tree!

In nurseries, it is easier to care for trees and protect them from fires, of which the quince is very afraid.

Favorite varieties

Constantinople apple

Supposedly originally from Turkey. The sour flesh with stony cells and golden skin exude a pronounced aroma. If the fruits were harvested during the season from the beginning to the end of October, then they can be stored until the end of December.

Giant from Leskovac

The gigantic quince from Leskovac is more than a hundred years old, the variety comes from Serbia and gives fruits weighing 200-500 g. The smooth surface is only slightly covered with fluff. Unlike most other varieties, Leskovac's pulp and juice do not turn red when cooked, but remain light yellow.

Champion

Pear quince, first grown in North America in 1870, is considered excellent in taste and aroma. The pulp does not turn brown even when fully ripe, all fruits ripen at the same time, have the same size and each weigh from 300 to 400 g.

Lies

'Vranya' trees are naturally tall and should be pruned regularly to reduce growth. This variety is a good pollinator, therefore it is often used for replanting other varieties of quince. The thick skin of pear-shaped angular fruits is covered with a velvety layer of cannon.

In autumn, jam is made from golden fruits, and the juice carefully made by cold pressing is processed into jelly or frozen for further canning. Fresh tart and viscous quince, after heat treatment, shows its best taste.

Read the most unusual recipes for making quince in the magazine "Country. Style and way of life "№4.

Quince has been known to people for many centuries, so its scientific classification has changed along with the development of botany and the improvement of taxonomy. The plant was successively transferred from one genus to another, initially it, together with apple trees, pears and mountain ash, belonged to the genus Pyrus, or pear, then it was allocated to a separate genus Pyrus japonica, or Japanese pear.

It also included species at that time: Japanese quince, or henomeles, Chinese quince and evergreen quince, or dotsinia. All these plants had a number of common features: polyspermous fruits, tough flesh with a stony structure and a specific rather strong aroma, but there were also numerous differences between them.

Therefore, already in 1822, the English scientist Lindley singled out the Japanese quince into a separate genus, called Chaenomeles, and the genus of quince received the name Cydonia. Chinese quince at different times was attributed to both Chaenomeles and Cydonia, until finally, at the end of the 19th century, it was separated into a separate monotypic genus Pseudocydonia, as well as evergreen quince, now referred to the genus Docynia.

Thus, according to the modern classification, the genus of quince (Cydonia) is monotypic. It consists of a single species - common quince (C. Vulgaris Pers), or, another name - oblong quince (C. Oblonga Mill.).

Classification of varieties

Common quince

The common quince is usually divided into 5 varieties or garden groups, differing in the shape of the fruit and a number of other biological features.

Two of them are varieties of decorative quince: marble (f. Marmorata), in which the surface of the leaves is variegated, covered with white and yellow spots, and pyramidal (f. Pyramidalis), characterized by a pyramidal crown.

The remaining three groups are garden quince, grown for the purpose of producing fruits and differ in their shape. This is a pear-shaped quince (f. Pyriformis or typica), with pear-shaped fruits; apple-shaped (f. maliformis), with round apple-like fruits; and Portuguese (f. lusitanica), the fruits of which have a ribbed pear-shaped shape.

Decorative quince

All varieties of decorative quince are distinguished by increased drought resistance, unpretentious to soils, can grow in conditions of increased dustiness and gas pollution.

Plants tolerate cutting and pruning well, allowing the crown to be shaped, very decorative in spring, as they bloom effectively and for a long time (about 3 weeks), and in autumn, when the tree is decorated with long-lasting red leaves and bright yellow fruits.

Such qualities make the culture very promising not only for an ornamental garden, but also for urban greening.

Garden quince

Garden quince grown as a fruit tree has about 400 varieties, of which 39 are cultivated in our country.

They differ in winter hardiness, yield, disease resistance, shelf life, taste and size, as well as a number of other biological characteristics.

There are several main characteristics by which they are classified, usually the ripening period, the shape of the fruit and crown, and habit.

Pear-shaped quince

So, according to the ripening time, early (they form a harvest in 115-127 days after the end of flowering), medium (130-136 days) and late (141-152 days) varieties of quince are distinguished. According to the shape of the fruit, they are divided into apple-shaped and pear-shaped.

The varieties of apple quince are considered more early ripening, and pear-shaped ones - more juicy and sweet. Some authors distinguish a larger number of fruit shapes: spherical, apple-shaped, elliptical, pear-shaped, cone-shaped and convex-cone-shaped.

By the type of crown, trees can be divided into pyramidal, wide-pyramidal and spherical. Finally, according to their habit, vigorous, medium-sized and low-growing plants are distinguished.

The most common varieties of quince

Since the area of ​​cultivation is limited by average annual temperatures from 8 to 9 ° C and an absolute minimum of minus 15 ° C, on the territory of Russia most varieties are zoned for the North Caucasus region and the Lower Volga region (Astrakhan and Volgograd regions).

In neighboring states, the plant is also grown on the territory of Ukraine (Crimea, Odessa region and Transcarpathia), in Azerbaijan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

Recently, a number of winter-hardy varieties have appeared that make it possible to cultivate quince much north of the usual area, in the Baltic States, Belarus and the Tambov region.

The most common early quince varieties:

Muscat, zoned for the North Caucasus region, with a pyramidal crown, round fruits of medium size (up to 200 g), smooth or slightly ribbed, with weak pubescence. The pulp is juicy, fine-grained, of good taste. Self-fertile, early fertile.

Gold of the Scythians, a high-yielding zoned variety, with round fruits of medium size (250 g), bright yellow, slightly pubescent. The pulp is juicy, of medium density, sweet and sour, with a strong aroma, recommended for growing in the North Caucasus.

Persian sugar, a local quince with pear-shaped fruits, common in the Volga region, as well as in Ukraine and Crimea.

Known early cultivars also include Blagodatnaya, Van Diemen, Fuller, Childs.

The group of popular mid-season varieties is more numerous:

Krasnoslobodskaya, recommended for cultivation in the Volga region and the Caucasus, is distinguished by its short stature and high yield. Large (up to 400 g) apple-shaped fruits practically do not have stony cells, their flesh is juicy, medium-dense and very aromatic.

Gurdzhi, zoned for Dagestan, with a spherical crown and apple-shaped fruits of an average (225 g) size. Technical purpose.

Ktyun Zhum, common in southern Dagestan, is one of the most vigorous and large-fruited varieties grown in the Caucasus. The crown is wide-rounded, the fruits reach 800 g, highly cylindrical, with tomentose pubescence.

The Kuban, Crimean variety, is also zoned for the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories of Russia, the Caucasus and Moldova. Differs in early maturity, medium (170-250 g) fruits of the same size.

Krasnodar large-fruited, medium-sized, early-growing and winter-hardy, with large and very large fruits (average weight - about 400 g), pear-shaped, strongly ribbed, having a weak pubescence that is easily erased when ripe. It is resistant to diseases, has a canning and table purpose.

Teplovskaya, productive, medium-sized, zoned for the Lower Volga region. Fruits are apple-shaped, weighing 120-150 g, with strong pubescence and dense fragrant pulp.

Amber Krasnodar, grown in the Caucasus, medium-sized variety, distinguished by yield, early maturity, high quality of fruits and products of their processing.

Of late-ripening varieties, the following are popular among gardeners:

Zubutlinskaya quince of folk selection from Dagestan, zoned in the Caucasus, winter-hardy, resistant to diseases and strong winds, gives consistently high yields. Fruit weight reaches 800 g, they are well stored and transported.

Vraniska Denmark, country of origin - Yugoslavia, high-yielding, with fruits of medium and above average size (180-270 g), appreciated for high taste, wind-resistant, not affected by diseases. Distributed on the plains and in the foothills of Dagestan.

Jardam, zoned in Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, has large pear-shaped fruits weighing an average of about 500 g, is used fresh and processed, stored for up to 5 months.

Fertile mitch, a variety of American selection, is widespread in Turkmenistan, the mass of pear-shaped fruits is about 500 g, they are distinguished by good keeping quality.

Golotlinskaya apple-shaped, grown in Dagestan, apple-shaped fruits weigh an average of 130 g, are stored for up to 4 months.

Late-ripening varieties also include Champion, Ahmed Zhum, Armenian Tursh.

In addition to the varieties officially entered in the register of individual countries, there are many other equally valuable cultivars of local origin.

Quince is one of the largest fruiting plants found in temperate climates.In some varieties, fruits weigh 2 kg or more (Papysh, Giant from Vranja, Giant from Leskovac), in others - 1 kg (Beretsky, Champion, Van Diemen, Monstrous from Bazin, etc.).

Separately, we note the frost-resistant northern quince, bred by I.V. Michurin by hybridizing the wild common quince and the semi-cultivated variety growing in the Volga region. It is very drought-resistant and more frost-resistant than the parent specimens.

It is interesting that the still grown and quite popular Portuguese quince is the oldest European variety, bred in ancient Rome.

Currently, a large selection work is underway to create plants with improved properties. So, a number of super-fast-growing varieties have been bred that yield a crop already a year after planting - Dessertnaya, Mir, Muse, Excellent student, Nakhodka, etc., and Yantarnaya, Selena, Canned late are not only early-growing, but also stunted. A valuable quality of new cultivars is self-fertility, which is possessed by Canning Late, Selena, Mir, Excellent, Firstborn and a number of others.

Photo gallery: quince varieties (click on the picture to enlarge):

Of course, with skillful care, the cultivation of quince is possible in medium-level conditions, however, the fruits of such trees are strikingly inferior to their southern relatives in quality.

What a quince looks like: a photo and description of the species and varieties of shrubs

Quince Is a very ancient culture that has been cultivated for over 4000 years. In ancient times, quince was known in Egypt, China, but the Caucasus and, mainly, Georgia, then Azerbaijan and Armenia are considered the center of its culture. Central Asia is almost not inferior to them, where there is no garden without quince. In Ukraine, Crimea and the North Caucasus, in the Astrakhan region, quince was brought from the South Caucasus.

Below you can familiarize yourself with the description and see a photo of the most common types of quince - common and Japanese.

Common quince. All wild quince of Asia Minor, Dagestan belongs to this species. Its varieties differ in the shape of the fruit - apple or pear-shaped.

This is a shrub or a low tree up to 2-3 m in height. The leaves are glabrous above, felted below, whitish.

As you can see in the photo, this type of quince has short leaf petioles, which makes them seem almost sessile:

The flowers are white-pink, solitary, on short pubescent pedicels. Blooms later than other breeds - in mid-May. Fruits are large, fragrant, firm, dark yellow in color. Ripen in October. This type of quince is winter-hardy and drought-resistant.

Japonica - homeland China and Japan, found in a wild form in the Mediterranean. It is a shrub with a height of 0.5 to 1.5 m.

Branches are erect, glabrous, leaves are elliptical, up to 8 cm long, sharp, with serrated edges. From above, they are shiny, dark green, leathery. Flowers are arranged in bunches of 2-6 on last year's wood. They are almost sessile, large, purple-red, varying to pink and white. Fruits can be spherical or ovoid, medium-sized (up to 5 cm), yellow or yellowish-green, very fragrant.

Japanese quince is photophilous, does not bloom in the shade and has no decorative effect. It has the same requirements for heat as the common quince, i.e. grows only in the south.

See what the Japanese quince looks like in the photo below:

Common quince fruiting occurs in the 4th-5th year. Shoots grow up to 4-10 cm, and then a large sessile white-pink flower appears at the top. The shoot stops growing after fruit set. If the fetus is not tied, the lateral bud awakens. The shoot from it grows intensively and for a long time, until autumn, ending with a mixed-type apical fruit bud.

Good to know:

• The constantly flaking bark of a fruit-bearing quince is normal.
• Quince is an excellent honey plant, from 1 hectare of quince garden bees collect up to 18 kg of honey.
• Quince bushes are relatively durable. They live up to 70 years, and bear fruit abundantly up to 50 years.

Next, we offer you a photo and description of the most popular quince shrubs.

"Aurora" - a high-yielding medium-sized variety. Fruits are yellow, large, ripen in early October. Shows high resistance to fungal diseases, tolerates drought well.

"Anzherskaya" - French variety, medium-sized and early-growing. The fruit is apple-shaped, the skin is smooth, lemon-yellow in color. The pulp of the fruit is dense, around the heart with granulations. They are used both for processing and for fresh consumption.

"Golden" - the trees of this quince variety are weak, with a rounded crown and thin hanging branches. Fruits are large (250-400 g), slightly pubescent, apple-shaped, ripen in the third decade of September. The pulp is creamy, sweet and sour. Harvest 40-60 kg per bush.

"Kubanskaya" - a low-growing variety.

Pay attention to the photo - this variety of quince has medium-sized fruits, round-cylindrical, in shape:

Fruits ripen in the first - second decade of October. The pulp is creamy, juicy.

"Muscat" - medium-sized variety. The fruits are large, with dense tomentose pubescence. This quince looks like "Kuban", but the fruit pulp is lighter, coarse. The fruits ripen in late September - early October. Harvest 30-45 kg per tree.

"Harvest Kuban" - medium-sized variety. The fruits are large (280-500 g). The pulp is creamy, juicy, sweet and sour, edible fresh. The fruits ripen in the second, third decade of September. Productivity - up to 100 kg per tree. The variety is winter-hardy and drought-resistant, not susceptible to fungal diseases.

"Amber Krasnodar" - medium-sized variety. Fruits are medium (120-200 g), apple-shaped, slightly ribbed. The pulp is creamy, sweet and sour. The fruits ripen in the second, third decade of September. Harvest 30-45 kg per tree.

Such varieties are also popular as:

• "Oil early",
• "Samarkand large-fruited"
• and "Khorezm apple-shaped".

How to grow quince and how to care for it

Quince blooms later than apple and pear, it is cross-pollinated, but does not differ in its selective ability to pollinator varieties.

How to grow quince on your garden plot? To get a good harvest of fruits in the garden, at least two quince bushes should be grown side by side.

Quince does not have a fruiting frequency, which compares favorably with other pome species. In terms of frost resistance, it is inferior to apple and pear. But because of the deep dormancy, the buds of the quince are rarely damaged in winter. And only at -30 ° C frost can freeze all the buds. In spring, after such frosts, it hardly recovers.

Quince tolerates heat well if the temperature is combined with high relative humidity. It would seem that quince, as a thermophilic breed, should be afraid of autumn frosts, just when its fruits ripen. However, only frosts of -22 ° C can damage the fruits, and in this sense they can be equated with the resistance of rowan berries.

Quince is a light-loving breed. In the wild, it is found mainly in clearings, forest edges. It does not bloom in the shade, withers and may die.

Quince can do without water for a long time - 2-3 months. At the same time, it is able to withstand prolonged flooding. She is not afraid of nearby groundwater and soil salinization. But the fruits of quince with excessive moisture become woody and astringent, on dry soils they become smaller. With optimal soil moisture and high relative humidity, the fruits are sweet and aromatic.

Despite the unpretentiousness of quince to soils, its successful culture is possible only on rich light loams with high organic matter. Harvests are then annual and plentiful, but on fertile light soils, quince lives much less than on heavy ones.

In the process of caring for quince, it is necessary to apply organic fertilizers (manure, compost, peat) at the rate of 6-7 kg per bush. This is usually done in the fall.

For varieties of medium vigor, a feeding area of ​​3 x 3 m is sufficient.For vigorous varieties, this area can be increased to 4 x 4 m.

On heavy wet soils, in conditions of a snowless winter and prevailing dry winds, quince should be planted in spring. And only in a mild climate, autumn plantings are preferable.

The row spacing of the garden for quince can be tinned, but the trunks should always remain clean of weeds, loose and mulched - best with humus.

Care and growing of quince: pruning and propagation by cuttings (with photo)

It is necessary to prune quince annually, shortening only one-year growth. First of all, you need to properly form a young plant. The pruning length depends on the vigor of the shoot. If the shoot is 40-50 cm, it is shortened by 1/3, at 75 cm - more than half. With this pruning, the bush turns out to be low, and therefore the quince suffers less from dry winds.

To enhance fruiting at maturity, young shoots are systematically pinched. And if the pruning of branches is done in early spring, then the pruning is done in the summer and is repeated several times during the season. The consequence of such a pinching is the formation of fruit buds.

The photo "Leaving and growing quince" shows how to properly prune and pinch branches:

Reproduction of cultivated quince is carried out by budding and cuttings. Quinces are circled on its own wilds grown from seeds. Seeds taken from the fruit are sown immediately, because they cannot stand drying out. In a year, seedlings grow, ready for budding, which is produced at the time usual for apple and pear. The survival rate is generally good.

Propagation of quince cuttings is much easier. Woody annual cuttings take root better. They are harvested in the fall after leaf fall, when the sap flow has stopped, and are placed in the sand in the basement, where they remain all winter. Callus forms by spring. In this state, the cuttings are planted in the ground. The optimum length of the cuttings is 20-30 cm. They are immersed in the soil, only 2 eyes remain on the surface. The inclined or vertical planting of the cutting does not matter.

Good to know:

• The fruits must be kept on the tree until fully ripe. The picking time is determined by the partial or complete cleansing of the fruit from the felt pubescence. They turn yellow and easily detach from the branch.
• Fruit harvesting is a very delicate process. Even light bruises cause dark spots and negatively affect keeping quality. The fruits rot. High-quality fruits can last until February - April. The optimum storage temperature is + 1.5 ... + 2 ° С.

Why is quince useful for the body and how to use it

The fact that quince is useful for the body was well known back in the days of Ancient Egypt, because it was not these woody plants that were so widespread.

Quince fruits contain from 5 to 12% sugar (glucose, fructose, sucrose), organic acids (malic, citric). They contain a lot of pectin and tannins, iron (30 mg / kg), copper (14 mg / kg) and vitamin C (about 20 mg%), as well as essential oil.

The seeds contain up to 20% mucus, fatty oil, starch. These useful properties of quince give reason to use them in pharmacology.

In ancient medicine, quince was considered a good remedy for indigestion. Specially prepared quince juice with honey and vinegar was recommended for stimulating appetite, “strengthening the stomach” and “weak liver”. For a long time, the fruits of quince have been used in their natural form and in the form of decoctions for diarrhea and bleeding. The beneficial properties of quince fruits allow the use of these fruits in the manufacture of diuretics, as well as in the production of drugs for dropsy. Quince seed tea is recommended for coughing.

What else is quince useful and how is it used in traditional medicine? In many countries, compotes and quince jam are used for gastrointestinal diseases, to improve the functioning of the digestive tract.Grated boiled fruits are also used for liver diseases, as an antiemetic.

But fresh quince is almost never used because of the large amount of tannins. But there are local varieties, the fruits of which are very sweet and not tart. They are used fresh and as a seasoning for various national dishes.

An iron-containing extract is prepared from fresh quince, which is used for anemia and other diseases. For medicinal purposes, mature quince seeds are also used. In water, the seeds give a large amount of indifferent mucus, which is used for burns and skin irritations.

Useful properties of quince for the body, aroma, abundance of sugars, peculiar fruit consistency, color, and most importantly, late ripening make quince valuable for making jams, jams, marmalades, candied fruits at convenient times, when the summer-autumn fruit and berry conveyor ends.

Cosmetologists can tell you how else to use quince, because cleansing lotions, creams and masks for the care of the face and hands are prepared from this valuable fruit.

Quince has been known to people for many centuries, so its scientific classification has changed along with the development of botany and the improvement of taxonomy. The plant was successively transferred from one genus to another, initially it, together with apple trees, pears and mountain ash, belonged to the genus Pyrus, or pear, then it was allocated to a separate genus Pyrus japonica, or Japanese pear.

It also included species at that time: Japanese quince, or henomeles, Chinese quince and evergreen quince, or dotsinia. All these plants had a number of common features: polyspermous fruits, tough flesh with a stony structure and a specific rather strong aroma, but there were also numerous differences between them.

Therefore, already in 1822, the English scientist Lindley singled out the Japanese quince in a separate genus, called Chaenomeles, and the genus of quince received the name Cydonia. Chinese quince at different times was attributed to both Chaenomeles and Cydonia, until finally, at the end of the 19th century, it was separated into a separate monotypic genus Pseudocydonia, as well as evergreen quince, now referred to the genus Docynia.

Thus, according to the modern classification, the genus of quince (Cydonia) is monotypic. It consists of a single species - common quince (C. Vulgaris Pers), or, another name - oblong quince (C. Oblonga Mill.).

Classification of varieties

Common quince

The common quince is usually divided into 5 varieties or garden groups, differing in the shape of the fruit and a number of other biological features.

Two of them are varieties of decorative quince: marble (f. Marmorata), in which the surface of the leaves is variegated, covered with white and yellow spots, and pyramidal (f. Pyramidalis), characterized by a pyramidal crown.

The remaining three groups are garden quince, grown for the purpose of producing fruits and differ in their shape. This is a pear-shaped quince (f. Pyriformis or typica), with pear-shaped fruits; apple-shaped (f. maliformis), with round apple-like fruits; and Portuguese (f. lusitanica), the fruits of which have a ribbed pear-shaped shape.

Decorative quince

All varieties of decorative quince are distinguished by increased drought resistance, unpretentious to soils, can grow in conditions of increased dust and gas pollution.

Plants tolerate shearing and pruning well, allowing the crown to be shaped, very decorative in spring, as they bloom effectively and for a long time (about 3 weeks), and in autumn, when the tree is decorated with long-lasting red leaves and bright yellow fruits.

Such qualities make the culture very promising not only for an ornamental garden, but also for urban greening.

Garden quince

Garden quince grown as a fruit tree has about 400 varieties, of which 39 are cultivated in our country.

They differ in winter hardiness, yield, disease resistance, shelf life, taste and size, as well as a number of other biological characteristics.

There are several main characteristics by which they are classified, usually the ripening period, the shape of the fruit and crown, and habit.

Pear-shaped quince

So, according to the ripening time, early (they form a harvest in 115-127 days after the end of flowering), medium (130-136 days) and late (141-152 days) varieties of quince are distinguished. According to the shape of the fruit, they are divided into apple and pear-shaped.

The varieties of apple quince are considered more early ripening, and pear-shaped ones are more juicy and sweet. Some authors distinguish a larger number of fruit shapes: spherical, apple-shaped, elliptical, pear-shaped, cone-shaped and convex-cone-shaped.

By the type of crown, trees can be divided into pyramidal, wide-pyramidal and spherical. Finally, according to their habit, vigorous, medium-sized and low-growing plants are distinguished.

The most common varieties of quince

Since the area of ​​cultivation is limited by average annual temperatures from 8 to 9 ° C and an absolute minimum of minus 15 ° C, on the territory of Russia most varieties are zoned for the North Caucasus region and the Lower Volga region (Astrakhan and Volgograd regions).

In neighboring states, the plant is also grown on the territory of Ukraine (Crimea, Odessa region and Transcarpathia), in Azerbaijan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

Recently, a number of winter-hardy varieties have appeared that make it possible to cultivate quince much north of the usual area, in the Baltic States, Belarus and the Tambov region.

The most common early quince varieties:

Muscat, zoned for the North Caucasus region, with a pyramidal crown, rounded fruits of medium size (up to 200 g), smooth or slightly ribbed, with weak pubescence. The pulp is juicy, fine-grained, of good taste. Self-fertile, early fertile.

Gold of the Scythians, a high-yielding zoned variety, with rounded fruits of medium size (250 g), bright yellow, slightly pubescent. The pulp is juicy, of medium density, sweet and sour, with a strong aroma, recommended for growing in the North Caucasus.

Persian sugar, a local quince with pear-shaped fruits, common in the Volga region, as well as in Ukraine and Crimea.

Known early cultivars also include Blagodatnaya, Van Diemen, Fuller, Childs.

A more numerous group of popular mid-season varieties:

Krasnoslobodskaya, recommended for cultivation in the Volga region and the Caucasus, is distinguished by its short stature and high yield. Large (up to 400 g) apple-shaped fruits practically do not have stony cells, their flesh is juicy, medium-dense and very aromatic.

Gurdzhi, zoned for Dagestan, with a spherical crown and apple-shaped fruits of an average (225 g) size. Technical purpose.

Ktyun Zhum, widespread in southern Dagestan, is one of the most vigorous and large-fruited varieties grown in the Caucasus. The crown is wide-rounded, the fruits reach 800 g, highly cylindrical, with tomentose pubescence.

The Kuban, Crimean variety, is also zoned for the Krasnodar and Stavropol regions of Russia, the Caucasus and Moldova. Differs in early maturity, medium (170-250 g) fruits of the same size.

Krasnodar large-fruited, medium-sized, early-growing and winter-hardy, with large and very large fruits (average weight - about 400 g), pear-shaped, strongly ribbed, having a weak pubescence that is easily erased when ripe. It is resistant to diseases, has a canning and table purpose.

Teplovskaya, productive, medium-sized, zoned for the Lower Volga region. Fruits are apple-shaped, weighing 120-150 g, with strong pubescence and dense fragrant pulp.

Amber Krasnodar, grown in the Caucasus, medium-sized variety, distinguished by yield, early maturity, high quality of fruits and products of their processing.

Of late-ripening varieties, the following are popular among gardeners:

Zubutlinskaya quince of folk selection from Dagestan, zoned in the Caucasus, winter-hardy, resistant to diseases and strong winds, gives consistently high yields. Fruit weight reaches 800 g, they are well stored and transported.

Vraniska Denmark, country of origin - Yugoslavia, high-yielding, with fruits of medium and above average size (180-270 g), appreciated for high taste, wind-resistant, not affected by diseases. Distributed on the plains and in the foothills of Dagestan.

Jardam, zoned in Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, has large pear-shaped fruits weighing an average of about 500 g, is used fresh and processed, stored for up to 5 months.

Fertile mitch, a variety of American selection, is widespread in Turkmenistan, the mass of pear-shaped fruits is about 500 g, they are distinguished by good keeping quality.

Golotlinskaya apple-shaped, grown in Dagestan, apple-shaped fruits weigh an average of 130 g, are stored for up to 4 months.

Late-ripening varieties also include Champion, Ahmed Zhum, Armenian Tursh.

In addition to the varieties officially entered in the register of individual countries, there are many other equally valuable cultivars of local origin.

Quince is one of the largest fruiting plants found in temperate climates. In some varieties, fruits reach a weight of 2 kg or more (Papysh, Giant from Vranja, Giant from Leskovac), in others - 1 kg (Beretsky, Champion, Van Diemen, Monstrous from Bazin, etc.).

Separately, we note the frost-resistant northern quince, bred by I.V. Michurin by hybridizing the wild common quince and the semi-cultivated variety growing in the Volga region. It is very drought-resistant and more frost-resistant than the parent specimens.

It is interesting that the still grown and quite popular Portuguese quince is the oldest European variety, bred in ancient Rome.

Currently, a large selection work is underway to create plants with improved properties. So, a number of ultra-fast-growing varieties have been bred that yield a crop a year after planting - Dessertnaya, Mir, Muse, Excellent student, Nakhodka, etc., and Yantarnaya, Selena, Canning late are not only early-growing, but also stunted. A valuable quality of new cultivars is self-fertility, which is possessed by Canning Late, Selena, Mir, Excellent, Firstborn and a number of others.

Photo gallery: quince varieties (click on the picture to enlarge):

Quince or noble apple, as it is often called, is a valuable tree with many qualities. Many varieties of quince are ideal for growing in a garden or vegetable garden. Plants are unpretentious to care for, but very beautiful: in summer, curly bright green leaves and pink flowers delight the eye, and in autumn, golden foliage keeps on the branches until November, retaining a minor autumn charm. In addition, all varieties of wood are excellent honey plants.

The benefits of the fruits of the noble tree have been known since time immemorial. Indeed, quince is a real storehouse of vitamins! Moderately sweet, viscous fruits with a rich spicy aroma in high concentrations contain vitamins and minerals, have an anti-inflammatory, fixing, hemostatic effect. Many historians suggest that it was the quince that was the bone of contention from the ancient Greek myth about the judgment of Paris.

We offer you to understand in more detail what a quince is, what is the difference between planting and caring for this tree, which variety of "golden apple" to choose, how to achieve a good harvest.

Classification of varieties

The existing classification of quince is the result of many years of work by botanists. This was preceded by a long "wandering" of the plant from one genus to another. First, the quince was combined into a common genus Pyrus with apple, pear and mountain ash. Over time, it was separated into a separate genus Cydonia.

Common quince

Today, about 400 varieties of quince are known, about 20 of which are resistant to severe frosts, suitable for growing even in a temperate continental climate.

The common quince is divided into five independent varieties, differing in biological characteristics (ripening rate, fruit shape, crown shape, appearance, etc.).

Decorative quince

Representatives of decorative quince - marble and pyramidal, respectively possessing variegated, spotted white-yellow foliage and a crown in the form of a pyramid, come in the form of common quince. Plants are grown mainly to decorate the urban landscape. Both varieties are resistant to dry, polluted conditions, unpretentious to the ground. Plants tolerate pruning well, especially beautiful during the flowering period. In autumn, the trees are adorned with bright red foliage and small yellow fruits.

Garden quince

It is the variety of garden quince that unites most of the known varieties. Plants differ in shape, size, taste, rate of ripening and storage of fruits. The names of the most famous varieties are associated with the shape of the fruit - apple quince, pear-shaped, Portuguese quince. The latter variety has a pear-shaped and ribbed surface.

Pear-shaped quince

Unlike apple-shaped, pear-shaped quince ripens more slowly, but much sweeter and juicier in taste.

Quince tree description

Quince is a fruiting plant belonging to the Pink family. Most varieties are suitable for the climate of South Africa, America, Central Asia, the Caucasus, temperate regions of Asia, Central and Southern Europe. The shrub prefers loose, moist, fertile sandy soil, often found on heavy loamy, red and black soil. The plant has a superficial root system, therefore it grows mainly in the coastal regions of rivers, lakes, as well as on forest edges and clearings.

Depending on the variety, a tree or shrub grows from 1.5 to 5 meters in height. The trunk is dark gray or black-brown in color, reaches 50 cm in diameter, covered with thin, scaly bark, which constantly flakes off.

On massive spreading branches, large alternate leaves of an ovoid or oval shape flaunt. The color of the foliage itself is attractive: the bases of the rich green leaves in some varieties are slightly tinted in dark gray shades. The length of the leaf ranges from 5 to 12 cm, the width is about 7.5 cm.

In May-June, when the flowering period begins, short pedicels are decorated with large, single white or pink flowers. Each variety has its own, unique color of flowers. Blooming quince is a truly mesmerizing sight, not inferior to the flowering of the famous Japanese cherry blossoms.

A description of quince is impossible without mentioning the tart, aromatic fruits. Depending on the variety, spherical and pear-shaped fruits are distinguished. The color of the peel ranges from delicate to deep yellow. The pulp is tough, astringent, and cannot be classified as juicy fruit. Numerous brown bones are located closer to the core. The diameter of the fruit is about 15 cm. Wild quince is much smaller in size - about 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter.

The average life span of a tree is about 60 years, 30-50 of which, the plant bears a harvest. Fruiting begins at 3-4 years. All varieties of quince are conventionally divided, based on their term of fruit ripening. The early varieties bring the harvest 115-127 days after the end of flowering, the middle ones take about 130-160 days, in the later varieties the fruits ripen on 141-152 days. As a rule, the fruits do not change in size all summer long, they begin to pour only at the end of August. The ripening and harvesting period for most varieties falls on September-October. The collected fruits are eaten fresh, used in preparations or added to meat dishes. With the time of storage, the fruits become sweeter, softer and more juicy.

How to plant a quince

Almost all varieties and species are thermophilic, but at the same time frost-resistant trees. The tree is less demanding on conditions than unpretentious pears and apple trees. As a rule, planting quince differs little from planting ordinary garden trees.

It is advisable to plant quince in an open, unshaded place, as protected from the wind as possible, on the southern side of the garden or vegetable garden. It is preferable that there are other fruit trees from the Rosaceae family at a distance of 2 meters: pear, apple or quince. This neighborhood promotes cross-pollination and increased yields. Most varieties take root well in areas where groundwater occurs at a depth of more than one meter.

The most common method for breeding shrubs is growing with seedlings. When purchasing annual plant seedlings, carefully examine the root system, it must be healthy, whole, without any signs of decay. Depending on the variety, you can plant the tree in autumn or early spring.

Planting quince in autumn or spring has its own characteristics, but it consists of similar main stages:

1. Preparing the seat. After choosing the right place, dig a hole about 40 cm deep, 60-80 cm wide. Lay the bottom of the planting hole with a small layer of clay.
2. Fertilization. Mix part of the soil with mineral and organic fertilizers (wood ash, superphosphates, chalk) and pour the resulting mixture back. If the soil is highly acidic, you can add a little lime. After 2-3 after feeding, you can start planting seedlings.
3. Planting seedlings. Remove some soil from the hole, place the seedling in the center, sprinkle with earth. Gently tamp the soil so as not to damage the root collar of the tree. Form a near-stem circle that will retain water when watering.
4. Watering and mulching. Water the plant abundantly; this will require about 30-40 liters of water. Immediately after absorbing moisture, sprinkle the near-trunk circle with earth, peat or dry foliage (in autumn 10 cm, in spring 5 is enough).
5. If you cut the branches of the seedling in half or a third, the roots will develop faster. Pruning is done a couple of centimeters above the kidneys. Also, for enhanced development of the root system, you can remove some of the leaves.

When planting spring varieties, preliminary digging and fertilization are required in the autumn period, and, conversely, for autumn varieties, it is necessary to prepare the soil from spring.

Reproduction methods of quince

Quince, like many fruit plants, can multiply in several ways. Growing trees occurs:

• Cuttings. For this method, the lower annual shoots are carefully cut from the trees, they are planted obliquely or vertically in the ground and lightly sprinkled with earth (1-2 cm). After 3 weeks, the first roots appear. Then the soil around the seedling is leveled, watered, covered with a layer of sawdust and peat. Cuttings grow better in greenhouses, open ground is destructive for them.
• Root shoots. The root offspring is carefully cut off, trying not to damage the root, the side leaves are removed from it and planted in the ground. Regardless of the variety, quince grown in this way will yield smaller fruits.
• Seeds. Seeds from ripe fruits of a suitable variety are collected, washed, dried, stratified for 2-3 months. After the appearance of two true leaves, the seedlings are dived and placed in a temporary place, keeping a distance of 5 cm. A month later, when the seedlings grow to 17-20 cm, they are transplanted again. In the second year, the seedlings are rooted on the site. The tree will begin to bear fruit later than the plants grown vegetatively, even if they belong to the same variety.
• Arcuate or horizontal layering. The lower branches gently bend the lower branches, cut the bark and cover it with earth. In the spring, roots appear at the site of the incision, and in the autumn period the daughter plant is separated and added to the garden.
• Vaccination. In the spring, when the active movement of the juice begins, healthy cuttings from suitable varieties are grafted to garden plants. Quince, hawthorn or mountain ash is suitable as a stock. Grafting a quince is very similar to grafting an apple tree.

Quince care

Growing and caring for a plant is also not a difficult task. It tolerates drought, floods well, does not require air humidity. The tree is more resistant to cold weather than many garden fruit plants. The optimum average annual temperature is 8-9 degrees. The buds freeze at temperatures of -28 ... -30 degrees, which is detrimental to the plant. Unfavorable conditions affect the harvest - small, tough fruits ripen.

Caring for quince - first of all, timely pruning, watering and feeding the plant, tedious to get a noble, tasty harvest.

Quince processing

Unlike many plants, quince is rarely exposed to diseases and pests. But even a perfectly healthy shrub, regardless of the variety, requires timely processing. As the saying goes, prevention is the best tactic.

• After winter, even before the buds awaken, the tree is treated with PREPARAT 30 plus insecticide, which destroys insects that have overwintered in the bark and soil.
• With the formation of kidneys, antifungal spraying with the drug "Abiga Peak" or 1% Bordeaux liquid is carried out. After that, the trunk and skeletal branches of the quince are whitewashed. Re-whitewashing is carried out as needed.
• During the flowering period, the buds are treated with the preparations "Kemifos", "Horus", destroying the leaf rollers and the fungus, respectively.
• 7 days after pollination, treatment is carried out with the preparations "Strobi", "Inta Vir". Chemicals are effective against aphids, moths, moths, but they should not be used unless they are clearly needed.
• Since the period of fruit ripening is in August-September, the last processing of quince is carried out from July to mid-August. For the growth of fruits, trees are sprayed with the preparation "Skor". Fungicides are used against fungi and the second generation of the moth.

After harvesting, the quince is treated with a 7% urea solution and watered abundantly.

Although extremely rare, the plant is susceptible to disease. It is worth figuring out what quince pests exist, how effective the fight against them is.

The question of what to do if the tree is sick is visited by almost every novice gardener. As a rule, the removal of all diseased, dried up or injured plant areas, as well as treatment with chemical preparations of a different spectrum of actions, helps. Diseases and pests of most varieties of quince include:

• Fruit rot or moniliosis is a fungal disease that stops fruit growth. Affected fruits become brownish and grow in size. With such changes, the pulp loses its taste, becomes loose, over time, the fruit falls off. Non-fallen fruits remain on the branches, change color to violet-blue and harden significantly. Most fungicides are effective against fruit rot (beard liquid, copper sulfate, Abiga Peak, Rovral, Teldor, etc.).
• The brownishness of the leaves is also provoked by fungi. The leaves are covered with numerous brown stains, dry and fall off. To prevent disease, the tree is treated with a fungicide after the flowering period. Fallen leaves are collected and burned.
• Powdery mildew is a fungus that infects young shoots. The plant is covered with a white or reddish bloom, which eventually turns into a dense brown film. The fungus stops the development of shoots, deforms the leaves and ovary, and leads to the drying of the tree. To eliminate the lesion, treatment with a fungicide is carried out after the flowering period, after 2-3 weeks the spraying is repeated.
• Rust is also a fungal infection. Brown bumps appear on the top of the leaves, and small pustules form on the bottom. Spots eventually stretch into stripes, provoking premature leaf fall. To destroy the pest, a two-time fungicide treatment is carried out: at the time of leaf blooming and 2 weeks after it.
• The decay of the ovaries begins with the darkening of the leaves, after which the fungus penetrates the buds and flowers, destroying the ovaries. It is necessary to cut off all affected areas, treat the shrub with Fundazol during and after the flowering period.
• Gray rot develops on shoots and leaves, covering them with brown spots and bloom. The disease easily moves from one plant to another and can cause the death of all garden dwellers. For the fight, drugs "Kuproksat", "Champion" or "Topaz" are used.
• The leaf-dominating moth refers to the many insects that parasitize trees. The affected plant is weakened, does not bud, and is subject to frostbite in winter. This leads to a decrease in the quantity and quality of the crop. To get rid of the pest, at the end of the flowering period, the shrub is treated with a solution of Fundonazole or Dipterex.
• The larvae of fruit mites, in particular brown and red, feed on sap and stop the development of young plants. Timely treatment with a urea solution prevents the appearance of mites.
• Aphids also suck sap from leaves and shoots, after which the affected areas become covered with black fungus. To make matters worse, aphids carry many viral diseases that cannot be treated. You can destroy aphids using insecticides or alternative methods, for example, treating the plants with soapy water. This is a safe method suitable for all types of quince.
• Apple moth butterflies are selected from the ground immediately after the end of flowering. In its entire life, one caterpillar spoils only 3-4 fruits, but the pest is extremely fertile - about 2-3 generations are hatched per season. The invasion of apple moths will nullify even the most careful efforts of the gardener. You can get rid of an insect with the help of solutions of Bitoxibacillin, Lepidocide or Dendrobacillin.

Watering quince

The key point in the question of how to care for quince is timely and sufficient watering. All varieties of quince have a positive attitude to moisture, they even easily tolerate flooding.

During the growing season (from spring to autumn), it is worth watering the tree at least six times:

• In early spring, a couple of days before flowering;
• During flowering;
• After the ovaries have fallen off;
• During the growth of shoots;
• 3 weeks after the shoot growth period;
• During the formation and growth of fruits

Frequent but insufficient watering will not bring tangible results. It is important to moisturize the soil well in the root areas. Young trees take root at 40-80 cm, the roots of adult plants go into the soil to a depth of one meter. The irrigation rate for a tree is from 400 to 800 liters, depending on the variety and age. Good watering contributes to the formation of a rich harvest. You can also remove the weeds and loosen the soil around the trunk after a heavy watering.

Top dressing of quince

Top dressing during the growing season is no less important than watering.

When planting a shrub in the fall, mineral and organic fertilizers are applied, which should be enough before the beginning of the growing season. In early spring, the soil is re-enriched, watered abundantly to evenly distribute fertilizers. Closer to summer, the soil around the trunk is fertilized with nitrogen and potassium-phosphorus mixtures. As the fall-winter precipitation subsides, top dressing will penetrate the soil and nourish the plant, which will increase the yield by about 25-35%.

Additionally, it is recommended to mulch the trunk circle with compost or peat in a layer of 5 cm.

How and when the quince is cut

Since the quince is light-requiring, it needs regular pruning and crown formation. This helps prevent insects from developing in dense foliage. Correct pruning and tying is required during the active developmental stage until the plant is five years old.

Pruning is best done in early spring.It is necessary to remove all damaged, dry, weak and frozen branches, shorten healthy ones by half or a third. Branches should not be shortened too much, as this will lead to increased shoot growth and slow down the fruit. Or vice versa, there will be a lot of fruits, but they will be small. It is advisable to leave no more than 10-15 branches on the bush, parallel to the ground.

In August, the pinching of annual shoots that appeared in the autumn-summer period is carried out. Fragile trees will not have time to overgrow with wood and will die in frost.

Wintering quince

Frost-resistant quince varieties tolerate winter well if they are insulated. Preparing for winter is extremely simple - the plant needs to be insulated. To do this, cover the root section and the lower part of the trunk with humus and dry foliage. It is also recommended to wrap the tree in a covering material, for example Lutrasil or Spunbond, and tie it with spruce branches.

Additionally, wooden or plastic shields are placed around the trees and spruce branches are laid, which allows you to hide branches and roots under the snow. The rise of branches above the layer of snow will lead to frostbite and death. In case of snow retention, the "covered" quince will tolerate persistent and harsh cold weather well.