Fertilizers for potatoes: features, how and when to apply

During the entire flowering period, potatoes consume mineral fertilizers very actively. The roots of the plant are weak, and the tubers grow large and numerous, which is why it regularly lacks micro and macrocomponents. In autumn, after harvesting, the land becomes depleted, and if it is not fed, then next year there will be nothing to harvest. Consider how to properly fertilize a crop outdoors.

Excellent harvests of potatoes will be after you have acquired the site and began to cultivate it. Virginia has many nutrients that potatoes need to grow.

Over the years the land is getting poorer... Potatoes need fertilization at the stage of preparing the land for planting, and throughout the cultivation time.

When landing in a hole in the spring

This must be done directly into the nest when disembarking. A shovel of sand can be added to the prepared nest along with the feeding, then the tubers will be clean and the parasite wireworm will not harm them.

Into the nest at the same time as the sand thrown in a volume with a liter container of manure or compost... If the soil is rich in minerals, then you can add 1⁄2 liter can of organic matter. Then pour a handful of ash into the hole, mix everything thoroughly and you can plant potatoes.

If the additives are mineral, then they must be added to the hole strictly according to the instructions on the package. They can also be mixed with sand and then planted with tubers.

Mineral fertilizers and green manures: what you need in spring

These supplements are great enrich the land and greatly increase the yield... In the fall, you need to take care of feeding the earth. For this purpose, vetch is sown in winter. It is an excellent herbal supplement that collects nitrogen and other micro-components in its stems.

Other siderates are also known. These are: mustard, oats, lupine, wheat. These plants help the growth of tuberous microbes, they release nitrogen.

The method of application is not complicated. Before planting potatoes, sow siderates when plowing the land.

Nitrophoska

The drug is made from a mineral material with a large amount of phosphorus, which is treated with other compounds: nitric acid, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride.

As a result, they receive additional nutrition, consisting of:

• Ammonium and potassium nitrate;
• Superphosphate;
• Calcium chloride and ammonium.

Its composition depends on how it was made.

There is three types of fertilizer:

• Sulfuric acid;
• Sulfate;
• Phosphorite.

For potatoes, phosphate rock is most suitable.On very sandy and soddy-podzolic lands, it is possible to use the sulfuric acid type. Fertilizer should be free of chlorine, which reduces plant growth.

Potatoes that have been set aside for germination after six days, they are treated with a fertilizer solution... This is done only once.

Complex fertilizer

Many plants love complex feeding - they provide potatoes with all the useful and necessary substances.

Mineral are chemical compounds from salts used by gardeners for feeding.

Separate fertilization improves certain qualities potatoes at all stages of growth. A combination of some species is more effective for the overall growth of potatoes.

There are several types of these supplements today. They have two or more essential components and trace elements. Let's consider the most effective of them and the order of processing.

Ammophos

Highly productive, nitrogen-phosphorus - in peas. It is used on different types of land for main and separate use, for feeding potatoes during growth.

Ammofoska

Not a simple, three-component substance, consisting of: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is used on different types of land, for a variety of crops.

Diammofoska

Concentrate, highly effective top dressing, consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Manufactured in granules. It is used on lands depleted in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Nitroammofoska

Highly productive, compound fertilizercomposed of sulfur.

Ash when planting potatoes

Wood ash is the remains of plants after a fire. They contain 74 chemical components that are necessary for the growth of potatoes. Due to its heterogeneous composition, it serves as an organic substitute for non-natural mineral fertilizing with which tubers are fertilized.

To obtain an excellent harvest, it is necessary to correctly apply this additive, and not just pour in "the more, the better."

The chemical composition depends on from what ash is obtained:

• Wood (birch or pine) - 14% potassium and 7% phosphorus, perfectly limits acidic lands;
• Sunflower and buckwheat - Potassium and 35% calcium;
• Wheat and rye - Phosphorus;
• Potato stalks - 30% potassium, 20% calcium, 8% phosphorus;
• The absence of chlorine distinguishes it from other similar dressings, but there is no nitrogen in it either, therefore it must be used in a complex.

Potash fertilizers

For potatoes, it is best to use these low chlorine fertilizers. Potash is:

• Potassium sulfate;
• Kalimagnesia;
• Dust from cement in granules;

Its advantage is the presence of wood ash. It contains potassium without chlorine, which is very has a good effect on the collection and properties of potatoes.

In addition to potassium, they contain phosphorus, calcium and trace elements necessary for potatoes. On average, the consumption standard is 150 kilograms per hectare.

For sandy soils, the standard is increased, and on clay soils, the doses are reduced.

Nitrogen fertilizing

They are used in the form of ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate.

You need to be careful with them: they required most during growth, if you increase the dose, then all the benefits will go to the stems, and the fruits will be poor.

Nitrogen increases plant growth and vegetation. If the saturation is high, then the roots can get burned, and harmful substances can accumulate in the fruits.

Of all the types of these dressings, only urea is put into the ground in autumn and spring.Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate are used only in the spring, before they plan to plant the tubers.

Additives do not bring deep into the ground, and sprinkle them on the surface. It is forbidden to mix ammonium sulfate with dolomite flour, and urea with superphosphate.

Phosphoric

Phosphorus-based products increase root growth, color and fruiting of potatoes. It is very important to apply them at the very beginning of plant development. Phosphorus increases the frost resistance of the plant, and has a good effect on the storage properties of tubers.

Phosphorus is needed in moderate amounts, but excess or deficiency does not have a detrimental effect on potatoes.

When choosing a top dressing, you need to remember that there is phosphorus in the ash, humus and good nitrogenous manure.

Planting potatoes with manure in the nests

In order for manure to work well for collecting potatoes, it must be added to the soil in a rotten form. Manure must be distributed over the areas and dug up. Manure is applied at the rate of 400 kg per area.

There is another method of adding it when planting potatoes. Manure is added at 300 g per well. For even distribution use a measuring container... After adding manure to the hole, it is covered with soil, and potatoes are placed on top.

Superphosphate

An excellent result of foliar fertilization of potatoes gives superphosphate. It is brought in after the flowering of potatoes, as it contains hydrolysis.

The introduction of chemical components into foliage can lead to the binding of photosynthesis. This can result in root disease and poor harvest. To prevent this from happening, you need to withstand the feeding time.

Urea

It is a chemical containing 45% nitrogen, ensures the growth of potatoes... Feeding potatoes with this product does not harm fruits and foliage.

Liquid fertilizers

They are prepared by diluting mineral supplements and nutrients with water. For this they take mullein, bird droppings, slurry of manure and others.

They are used before flowering, when the growth of the plant has reached 15 centimeters.

For the manufacture of liquid fertilizers, H2O is diluted:

• 4-5 shares of cow dung;
• 2-3 shares of slurry manure;

Mineral supplements - according to the instructions.

The wells are filled with liquid dressings, or watering between rows... Top dressing is performed twice.

Humus

Humus is added in the spring either directly to the hole or to the furrow when planting. This is the cheapest option. It increases soil fertility, helps to increase the yield.

Humus is an excellent addition to potatoes. It is best to cook it yourself, then it turns out clean.

This requires take 9/10 waste and 1/10 soil... Fold into a prepared container, move carefully. After one or two months, you can use it.

Organic fertilizers

In rural areas, there are no problems with organic matter. In any village there are cattle, poultry, which provide excellent organic fertilizers.

If there is a lot of manure, then it is simply distributed over the fields and dug up. Do not overuse organic matter.

There are also such organics as:

• Bird droppings;
• Humus;
• Ash;
• Compost.

Planting potatoes with chicken droppings

Do not use undiluted chicken manure. To use it, you need to prepare a solution in a ratio of 1 to 15.

The solution must be watered at the root of the bushes.

Root and foliar fertilizers

Top dressing of potatoes can be root or foliar. When root fertilizers can be put under the root, and when foliar fertilizers are sprayed.

Root includes:

• Organic;
• Mineral.

Extra feeding potatoes are carried out:

• Magnesium;
• Phosphorus;
• Potassium;
• Bor;
• Potassium permanganate.

What are the requirements for fertilizers

The types of fertilizers and how they affect are indicated in this table.

Features of feeding

Factors affecting potato yield

The amount of potato harvest will depend on the full range of conditions and factors:

• The quality of the planting material;
• How correct will be processed potatoes before boarding;
• Was the technology followed during landing;
• In what area and under what weather conditions the crop was grown;
• What kind of soil potatoes are planted;
• How was the watering done;
• Whether the standards were observed when planting potatoes;
• How was the pest control of the plant carried out.

How to fertilize potatoes

Many gardeners are interested in the question of how to properly fertilize potatoes. Here are some methods:

1. Solid... This method assumes that fertilizers will be applied to the entire sown area;
2. Local... With this method, fertilizing is applied directly to the ground near the plants.

Professionals advise using the second method, as it is more effective. Chicken manure, manure, ash and minerals are used as fertilizers.

It must be remembered that you should not overdo it with supplements, you need to maintain a balance and always calculate the dose correctly.

Autumn soil preparation

Preparing the soil in the fall is the key to a good potato harvest next year. The soil is being prepared before the onset of frost.

Today gardeners use two methods of preparing the soil in the fall:

1. Gentle preparation, deep loosening.

The site is dug on a shovel bayonet, while all weeds are removed and the necessary fertilizers are applied. It is better if manure is taken as a top dressing. They make it out of the calculation 7 kilograms of manure per m2... Potassium sulfate and superphosphate can be added.

2. The use of siderators.

The soil is dug up and planted on the site with green manure plants, which are mowed in spring and covered with ten centimeter layers of earth. This enriches the soil very well.

If feeding is not done on time

Better feeding to carry out at the first hilling of tubers... After that, within three weeks, the plant will grow by a third, it needs to be huddled and fed again. Also, during hilling, you can feed the tubers with mineral supplements containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.

How to fertilize during the period of formation and ripening of tubers

Conducting foliar feeding, the plant is saturated with microelements, as a result, the potatoes will be large and tasty.

Top dressing is done two times:

1. After the flowering period plants need to be fed with manganese and boron. This will improve the palatability of the potatoes and prevent cavities in the tubers.

To carry out top dressing, it is enough to buy mineral dressings in the store and breed them in accordance with the instructions.

2. One month before harvest carry out the second feeding.For this, a universal fertilizer is used, which includes phosphorus and superphosphate.

How to feed after germination

After the first shoots have appeared, the potatoes can and must be fertilized. At this time, the plant needs nitrogen, which will increase and strengthen its growth.

The main requirement for top dressing is compliance with the dosage. If the plant is overfed with nitrogen, then all the power will go to the tops, and the tubers will not get anything.

Also, if the dosage is exceeded, leaves potatoes may get burned, which will not have a very favorable effect on the harvest.

Fertilization methods

There are two methods of adding top dressing to the soil: spreading and local.

At the first dose, take a dose and scatter it on the ground by hand, evenly. Foliar dressing of potatoes is also done with the same technique. After that, the earth is dug up and watered.

Local application is divided into two types: in a row and in a hole... It consists in mixing fertilizers with a small amount of soil and forming centers saturated with fertilizers.

By time: there is regular feeding during planting or fertilization during plant growth. The most effective is the addition of additives at the same time as organic.

The process of fertilizing the soil

Share three techniques fertilizers soil:

• Direct-flow;
• Reloading;
• Transshipment.

The overloading method assumes section of machine and technological functions... Fertilizers are loaded into one machine, transported to the field, and unloaded into another vehicle for dispersion across the field.

The transshipment method is used to distribute organic fertilizers on the field. Organics are piled at the edges of the field, and then transported across the field using special equipment.

Calculation of the amount of fertilizer

The norm is considered for the active substance - for the% of the nutrient content for one component.

Not all gardeners can calculate the rate using difficult and inconvenient formulas. Therefore, already calculated norms are often used.

Organic matter is brought in into the soil mainly buckets... One 10 liter bucket holds about 5-9 kilograms of humus, compost or peat.

Mineral fertilizers are measured in jars or glasses. One glass contains the following amount of fertilizers:

• Saltpeter, ammonium sulfate-160-180 g;
• Superphosphate, a mixture for fertilizers-200g;
• Phosphorus-350g;
• Potassium chloride-190g;
• Lime-120g;
• Potassium-260g;

Different regions have different soil composition. Fertilizers can correct any imperfections in the soil, which, with the correct dosage and subject to planting technology, will help to grow a decent crop.