Ground and air temperature for planting potatoes

Potatoes are a root vegetable that all owners of vegetable gardens and summer cottages plant. The method of cultivation, the time of collection and planting largely depends on the region, so gardeners have many questions in this regard. When planting potatoes in the Moscow region, you need to strictly monitor the temperature, and also know whether it is possible to plant tubers without sprouts, and if there are any, do it with long sprouts up or down.

If you plant potatoes at a soil temperature of 11-12 degrees, then seedlings will appear on the 23rd day, 14-15 degrees - for 17-18 days etc.

The buds of potato eyes "wake up" at an air temperature of 5 degrees, but in order to avoid diseases, it is better to wait until the air warms up to 12-15 degrees.

Traditional methods of determining optimal weather

When planting potatoes, people are guided by the flowering time of apricots and bird cherry. Also pay attention to the appearance of small leaves on the birch. This indicates that the soil and air have warmed up well.

Permissible soil moisture

The moisture requirement of potato tubers differs at different periods of development. During the germination period, at the beginning of the formation of tops, the need for moisture is minimal.

After flowering and the appearance of foliage, it increases significantly. During landing soil moisture should not exceed 75%, otherwise the fruits will simply rot.

Planting tubers without sprouts

Before planting potatoes, it is recommended to germinate them in a warm room so that sprouts appear on the tubers. Thanks to this, the root crop bears better fruit. However, the quality and quantity of the crop is influenced not only by this parameter, therefore there is no clear relationship here.

If the soil is fertile, and the climatic conditions are good, then it is possible at all do without preliminary germination.

Is it possible to plant non-sprouted potatoes

It is difficult to give an exact answer. If other planting conditions are met, then it will sprout already in the ground, release leaves and give a crop.

How to plant tubers without sprouting step by step

1. Sort out the potatoes, discard all low-quality fruits... For germination, potatoes are kept in a warm room for 1-2 weeks, but if you plan to plant them without sprouts, then you do not need to do this. You can start disembarking immediately after you took it out of the basement or purchased it in a store.
2. Further landing technology is almost no different from the classical one. Since you do not have sprouts, you can put the fruits in the hole. by either side... Do not forget that the potatoes need to be fertilized and hilled in time. Another important point is regular watering.

Please note that potatoes that were planted without fruit need more time to ripen.

Planting technology for sprouted root crops

Potatoes with eyes begin to be prepared for planting in early spring in the last days of February.The fruits are sorted out, only the strongest and highest quality... If there are sprouts, you need to pick them off.

Arrange the potatoes in small boxes in 3-4 layers and transfer to a warm place. It is important that the tubers are well lit by indirect sunlight.

Landing

Prepared sprouted potatoes are planted late March-early April... The exact time depends on the weather conditions.

The day before disembarking, boxes with sprouted potatoes are immersed in a solution prepared from 10 liters of water, 1 tsp. copper sulfate and boric acid. The water should turn dark pink. Leave the box in the solution for 10-15 minutes. The rest of the boxes can be processed in the same solution. Put the prepared potatoes to dry under a canopy.

The disembarkation itself takes place the next day. Sprouted potatoes are planted in holes, planting depth 16 cm... Between the rows, it is necessary to maintain an optimal distance of 60 cm.

Care

Immediately after the first shoots appear, do a shallow loosening with a walk-behind tractor... After the bushes grow to 10-15 cm, carry out the second loosening. Be sure to free the soil from the grass. You do not need to throw it away, spread it between the beds.

After the bushes reach a height of 20 cm, make a deep hilling. If bushes with signs of disease appear. Start a massive cleaning at the end of July... The leaves are completely dry.

How to plant sprouted potatoes

Traditionally, potatoes are planted sprouts up... It is believed that the sprouts stretch out faster and foliage appears on them. However, you can achieve a good harvest when planting potatoes with sprouts down, and potatoes with sprouts up. When choosing the appropriate method, several important factors must be considered.

1. If you plan to plant potatoes early when the ground has not yet had time to warm up enough, then the tubers should be laid out sprouts down.
2. If you are used to plant potatoes shallow, then the method of planting sprouts up is suitable for you.

Benefits of sprouting down:

1. The sprouts grow in different directions, do not accumulate and do not "gather" in one heap. Thanks to this, they do not interfere with each other and receive adequate nutrition.
2. The first leaves appear later than when planting sprouts up. This allows them to easily survive the threat of frost.

Flaws:

1. You cannot plant the tubers deeply, since the sprouts already need to "travel a long way."
2. The soil for planting must have a sufficient level of moisture. To do this, it is enough to cover the soil with a layer of grass.

Plant some of the beds with fruits, laying them with sprouts down, and some with fruits, laying them with sprouts up. At the end of the season, you will already know exactly which planting method suits you best.

With long branches

If the potatoes were stored too warm room, long shoots appear on it. This is not very good, since the fruit itself spends strength on germination and loses its elasticity.

If the length of the shoots more than 10 cmthen the potatoes are not suitable for planting. If the sprouts are smaller, then you should carefully prepare the fruits for planting so that they give a rich harvest.

First, cut off the longest shoots and leave only those that are does not exceed 3 cm... In the upper part of the root, it is advisable not to break off the sprouts.

Place the processed tubers in a box, provide them with diffused sunlight. The temperature in the storage room for potatoes should be 13-16 degrees.After 14 days, the tubers will be fully prepared for planting. Irrigate the tubers with water 1-2 times a day so that the sprouts do not plant. Prepared potatoes are planted according to the classical scheme.

Landing conditions in the Moscow region

Each region has its own climatic characteristics, which must be taken into account when planting potatoes. Moscow region is a rather cool region, therefore do not rush to land.

Timing

The main condition for good sprouting of potatoes is heated soil... Here it is appropriate to focus on the appearance of leaves in bird cherry and birch. In the suburbs, this happens at the end of May.

Of great importance for the timing of planting potatoes in the Moscow region is soil moisture... In May, the soil moisture is sufficient for planting potatoes, but in June the soil becomes too dry. For this reason, it is not worth delaying planting potatoes until the beginning of June.

June 1-5 - this is the deadline for planting potatoes in the Moscow region. In very dry soil, potato tubers do not do well, so there is a good chance they will not sprout at all.

Depth

If the soil moisture is sufficient, and the weather is good outside, then potato tubers in the Moscow region can be planted at a depth 10-15 cm.

Landing with siderates

Positively affects the growth of potatoes nitrogen and phosphorus... These useful substances are found in large quantities in legumes: vetch, peas, melilot and alfalfa. You can also use wheat, mustard, rape, etc. before planting. Plants not only enrich the soil, but also protect it from leaching and blowing away.

White mustard has another useful property - it repels pests... Beans do the same job perfectly. You need to plant it between the rows of potatoes. But after the potatoes, you can plant cabbage. In the place where it grew, it will give a rich and very high quality crop.

How to use green manure

Grown plants need regular watering. They are sown 1.5 months before the onset of cold weather... For a hundred square meters of land, you will need from 800 g to 2 kg of green manure seeds.

If you did not succeed in sowing the plants in the fall, you can do it in early May. Siderata should be cut a couple of weeks before the intended planting of potatoes. During this time, they must rot and enrich the soil.

Tuberless technology

The technique is called tuberless. It is not new, but for some reason it is rarely used by gardeners. This method was used by breeders when they wanted to quickly multiply a valuable variety.

What they were doing? Separated sprouts from potato tuber and planted them in insulated ground. Modern experiments have shown that the quantity and quality of the crop when planting potatoes with sprouts is the same as when planting tubers.

There are 2 types of sprouts on potato tubers: light and shadow. The former are formed as a result of keeping potatoes in the sun, and the latter as a result of keeping them in the basement.

Most often used for reproduction shadow sprouts... They have a very delicate structure, so you cannot keep them at high temperatures. They must be planted immediately after separation from the tubers. For planting, it is better to use sprouts 6-8 cm long. Light sprouts are strong, therefore they are highly productive.

Training

It begins in 30-45 days before the intended planting of potatoes. Seed tubers are selected first. It is better to give preference to mid-season varieties.

Make a small box out of the boards, set it on the southern windowsill. Cover the bottom with sand, put cups filled with nutrient mixture on top.There should also be sand drainage at the bottom. It will protect the soil from drying out. Pour the soil in cups with a solution of boric acid or potassium permanganate.

Planting seed tubers

In the first row of cups (the one closest to the window), use for planting seeds. Make indentations here, plant the tubers. Wait until sprouts appear on them long 6-7 cm... Cut them off and transplant them into the cups of the next two rows.

Water the seeds 2-3 times a week... After they are rooted, replant them to their permanent location.

After the first rain, spud the potatoes. In dry weather, it is enough to loosen the beds. Be sure to remove weeds that prevent plants from growing fully. After 2-3 weeks, carry out a second feeding and spud them again. It is better to plant potatoes in this way after May 10.

Cleaning

As soon as the tops began to dry out, you can proceed to harvesting. Something like this comes after 50-60 days... It is impossible to wait for the harvesting of potatoes, since the fruits decrease in volume, lose their density and nutrients.

Proper preparation and planting of potatoes is the key to obtaining a quality harvest. It is important to take into account the temperature of the air and soil, soil moisture, planting depth, variety of tubers, location of sprouts.

The landing time is largely determined by the climatic features of the region. Pay attention to detail and you will enjoy delicious DIY potatoes.