Primrose planting and care outdoors in siberia

One of the first spring plants to bloom in the garden is a gentle primrose, planting and caring for which in the open field does not require too much effort and knowledge. From the Latin language, the name of this charming culture is translated as “the first, early”. The plant will delight lovers of flowering crops not only with early flowering, unpretentiousness, but also with a variety of bright and delicate colors.

It is a perennial plant. Primrose flowers not only look beautiful visually, but also have a pleasant aroma. There are about 500 varietal varieties of the plant, which allows flower growers and landscape designers to choose a suitable and effective variety. At the same time, some varieties of primrose begin to bloom with the first rays of the warm, spring sun, while others - only in the middle of summer.

In the wild, primrose can be found in the forests and mountainous regions of Eurasia and America. Some varieties of the flower are protected by the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

Features of planting primrose in open ground

To the question of novice gardeners "When to plant primrose in the open field?" experienced summer residents unequivocally answer that primroses are planted in open ground both in spring and autumn. If the flower is planted in spring, then it is best to postpone planting until the last days of May.

It is also important to choose the right landing site. Better if it is a shaded area. You can choose a place under trees or bushes so that the direct rays of the sun do not fall on the flowers. However, in the northern regions, when planting, it is advisable to choose, on the contrary, a sunny area.

The soil for growing crops must be loose, drained and breathable. Stagnant moisture is dangerous for the plant. Clay soil is also suitable for planting crops. If the soil is too heavy, then it is recommended to add sand, manure to it. Vermiculite or crushed sphagnum moss is also suitable. The reaction of the soil requires slightly acidic or neutral.

Before planting, the soil is recommended to be loosened and cleaned of weeds.

If large varieties are planted, then it is recommended to leave a distance of about 25 cm between them. If compact, then at least 15 cm.However, there should be no extra space and gaps between the bushes, primroses prefer thickened plantings.

The photo shows a perennial primrose. In the ground, planting is carried out using seedlings of this culture. Growing from seed is a long and difficult process. Usually, seedlings are planted on the garden plot no earlier than two years after the first shoots appear.

Features of primrose care

Primrose is an unpretentious perennial plant.She is able to endure both drought and excessive exposure to the rays of the sun, but you should not neglect the rules of planting and care.

When caring for a garden primrose, you need to follow a number of recommendations that will help grow a healthy, abundantly flowering culture:

1. Watering the plant should be regular. Watering is especially important in spring, but it is necessary to prevent moisture retention in the soil, since this is detrimental to the culture. Also, do not allow drops of water to get on the leaves of the plant.
2. The primrose responds well to feeding. Manure is the best fertilizer. Fertilizers are applied during vegetative growth.
3. In the fall, it is required to add a little soil to the plant bush, and cover it with dry foliage on top. This will protect the plant and its root system from freezing out in winter. Shelter is especially important in the northern regions.
4. It is important to regularly loosen the soil around the primrose bushes and remove weeds. Weeding protects crops from disease.

Planting primroses outdoors is possible in Siberia and in other regions with a harsh climate. Plant care is not much different there. However, it is better to plant the plant in the sun there, and in winter it is necessary to protect the culture from freezing. Dry leaves are suitable for shelter.

Primrose in garden design

Landscape designers love primrose for its vibrant and showy blooms and excellent compatibility with other flowering crops. When creating landscape compositions, the timing of flowering of plants should be taken into account.

Culture partners can be:

• daffodils;
• peonies;
• periwinkle;
• astilba;
• spring navel;
• host;
• fern;
• and others.

Primroses can be a decoration of garden ponds, where they are in perfect harmony with daylilies, water lilies and swamp forget-me-nots. Also primroses are suitable for creating rockeries and rock gardens. Planting primrose near low-growing conifers is also an excellent option.

Even planted next to greenery, for example, with sorrel, primrose looks more than impressive due to its bright, variegated flowers.

Primula is a primrose that attracts the attention of the florist and landscape designer. Planting and caring for primrose will not be difficult, and bright, but at the same time delicate spring flowers will not leave you without a pleasant impression.

Video about planting primrose in open ground

Primula or Primrose is a perennial flower that blooms one of the first in spring. It can bloom when there is still snow. They are short flowers with five petals and wrinkled leaves. Planting outdoors and caring for primroses is not very difficult for flower growers, which is why spring primroses are so popular.

Distribution in nature

The homeland of these flowers is considered to be South and North America. Primroses grow in the forest and forest-steppe zone. In Russia, they grow in the forests of Siberia.

In the old days, people believed that these flowers have magical properties, and they were widely used to treat various diseases. Decoctions of leaves are taken when:

• Rheumatism;
• Bronchitis;
• Headaches;
• Inflammation of the lungs.

Types and varieties of primrose

There are many varieties of primrose that differ in color, height and leaf shape.

1. Primrose large-cup. Found in the southern regions of Russia, in the Caucasus, in the south of Siberia. It has wide leaves and flowers with elongated cups. Flowers are collected in inflorescences on long stems.
2. Primula stemless. A short plant covered with small flowers. This species is most often used for breeding. The following varieties have been bred:

• Danielle - white flowers with an orange center;
• White coquette - white flowers with a yellow center;
• Bicolor - yellow center, white edging and pink edges of flowers;
• Pagint Blue - blue flowers with a yellow eye;
• Danova cherry with a border - burgundy flowers with a silvery border and a yellow center.

3. Primrose medicinal. Grows in Central Russia in dry meadows and forest edges.Yellow flowers resembling bells are framed with wrinkled leaves.
4. Chinese primrose. Serrated leaves, yellow flowers on a long stem.
5. Primula cus. Leaves with a jagged edge, green with a white bloom. The flowers are yellow.
6. Japanese primrose. The leaves are wide, the stem is one, and crimson flowers are located on it with an umbrella.

Reproduction methods

There are three methods of reproduction of primroses:

• Seeds. When stored in an apartment, primrose seeds quickly lose their germination. Therefore, it is best to sow them immediately after harvesting them into the ground. In September-October, seed bolls are harvested. The seeds themselves are dried for one or two days and planted in the ground as usual - in the grooves, sprinkling with earth on top. When sown in autumn, the seeds germinate in 4-5 months.

You can plant primrose seeds in a greenhouse in February. They are sown in boxes superficially, put in a plastic bag and put into a freezer with a temperature of -10 degrees. They are kept there for about a month. After that, put on the windowsill and watered. The bag should be opened a few hours every day and removed completely after two weeks. At a temperature of +17 degrees, seedlings appear in 25 days. To speed up the process, you can sprinkle the box with snow several times.

• By dividing the bush. Plants that are four or five years old are growing and need to be divided into several. In August, a bush is dug up, the soil is shaken off from the roots and carefully cut into several pieces with a knife. Slices must be sprinkled with ash and immediately planted in a new place. After that, the flowers are watered.

• Cuttings. A leaf with a bud is separated from the flower. It is cut off near the roots, and the leaf is reduced by a third. This petiole with a part of the shoot is planted in a pot with soil. It must be kept in a bright place, shaded from sunlight, with a temperature of 16-18 degrees. The plant is planted in open ground in the spring.

Landing

When primrose is propagated by seeds, seedlings dive in the phase of two true leaves. If it is already warm outside, then they can immediately be planted in the ground. Typically, primroses are planted with a solid carpet so that there is no space between the leaves of neighboring plants.

Therefore, you need to choose a planting scheme based on the variety of flowers and their size. Primroses bloom only for 2-3 years of life. For the winter, they must be covered with 10 cm thick foliage.

An important point: in nature, primroses grow on soils that feed on mountain rivers and melt water. Therefore, the place for them should be chosen sufficiently humid and slightly shaded.

Primrose care

Before planting primrose in the garden, the soil can be fertilized with rotted manure, forest floor or compost.

Tip: in order to increase the moisture content of the soil, you can add peat or rotted leaves.

For abundant flowering, mineral fertilizers are applied. It is recommended to feed the primrose three times a year - before flowering, during and after.

Primrose is a non-capricious flower. All care for it consists in watering and loosening the soil. Naturally, it is necessary to remove the weeds in time so that they do not interfere with the growth of flowers.

For the winter, these plants must be covered. The thickness of the covering layer depends on the severity of winters in the growing region.

Once every few years, it is necessary to plant a primrose. If he has slowed down his growth, and the flowering has become less lush, then it's time to plant the bushes.

Timely watering, loosening, shading from the bright sun and shelter for the winter - this is such a simple care that primrose requires.

Transfer

If the primrose is already 3-4 years old, and it has begun to bloom worse, then it's time to plant it. These flowers can grow so wide that they begin to interfere with each other's growth. In addition, the root can be exposed and dry out. A plant transplant will save you from these problems.

Most often, primroses are transplanted in the fall after flowering. During this period, they lay the buds for the next season.

First you need to moisten the soil. Carefully dig out the bush and clean the roots from the ground.Divide the bush into several parts with a sharp knife. Each part must have at least one kidney. The sections are sprinkled with ash and immediately planted in a new place. Do not allow the roots to dry out - the primrose does not tolerate this.

It is better to plant new bushes in a greenhouse or greenhouse. Mineral fertilizers are applied to the soil and plants are planted. They need to be shaded, in the bright sun the primrose can die. It is better to keep the winter in a greenhouse, and in the spring to transplant the bushes into open ground.

Important: it is better to do the transplant with gloves, because the primrose can cause an allergic reaction on the skin.

Diseases and pests

All flowers are susceptible to diseases and pests, primrose is no exception. The following diseases and pests are found:

1. Downy mildew. Brown spots appear on the upper side of the leaves, and a white cobweb bloom on the back. It is necessary to process the leaves with Bordeaux mixture. You also need to disinfect the seeds. It is necessary to remove weeds in time and examine neighboring plants for the presence of this disease.
2. Powdery mildew. A white bloom with black dots forms on the outside of the leaves. Spores can overwinter on plant debris. Severely affected plants are completely removed. Neighboring plants are treated with special solutions for powdery mildew.
3. Gray mold can attack leaves and flowers. A gray fluffy bloom appears on them. It is necessary to remove the affected parts and spray the plant with Bordeaux mixture. For prevention, aphids and ants are removed, as they carry this infection.
4. Phytophthora - root decay. In this case, the ground parts of the plant wither. Appears when over-watered. Infected plants must be removed immediately.
5. Aphid. Almost all garden plantings are affected. Therefore, it must be identified as early as possible and removed with special chemicals.
6. Slugs. Pests that feed on plant leaves and harm them. To prevent this problem, you can sprinkle the ground around the primroses with ash. If they have already appeared, then the affected leaves must be removed, the slugs must be collected by hand or with the help of special baits, and the earth must be dug around.

Advice: if slugs have already appeared, in the fall the upper layer of earth around the plant must be turned over, then they will not reach the leaves the next year.

Combination with other colors

Primroses are well suited for growing on alpine slides, especially varieties that naturally grow on rocky slopes:

• Allioni;
• Auricula;
• Rocky.

They go well with bells, cinquefoil, gentian.

In a flowerbed, primroses look good with other spring flowers - tulips, daffodils, adonis, black hellebore.

A multi-colored primrose carpet will diversify any flower bed, will look good on the curb and will attract the eye in the front garden. And growing primroses outdoors is not very difficult.

The spring flower, also known as primrose, is capable of blooming even before the snow completely melts. Thanks to this feature, the plant attracts the close attention of many landscape designers and amateur flower growers. A perennial primrose, planting and caring for which does not take much time and effort, captivates with the spring attractiveness of bright inflorescences against the background of nature that has not yet awakened.

Perennial garden primrose: cultivation features

Each gardener or gardener has a plot that is unsuitable for further cultivation of crops on it, in their opinion. However, an unpretentious primrose can fully develop in such territories, delighting the owner with spring paints. And although the beauty of the primrose is not able to overshadow the surrounding flowers, but it is able to give its flowers over a long period - from mid-spring to mid-summer, and sometimes twice during the growing season.

Planting flowers

Proper planting is the key to successful plant growth.

Site and soil preparation

Different types of primrose have their own preferences: some like sunny areas, others - areas shaded by other plants, and others - damp shores of water bodies. The best solution would be to plant a crop in a shaded area or on the east side of the house, which will protect it from drying out by the scorching midday sun. If the planting of flowers is planned for the decoration of the rock garden, then the south side should be avoided.

Primrose prefers light, fertile soils with high humidity and a good drainage system, preventing stagnation of water, which the flower most of all needs in the phase of intensive development and flowering. In the case of severe depletion of the soil, additional enrichment with nutrients is carried out by introducing organic matter with a rate of 20 kg of a mixture of compost, humus and peat in a ratio of 2: 1: 1 per 1 m2 and mineral fertilizers - 20 g of nitroammofoska per similar area.

How and when to plant?

Planting of perennial primrose in the garden is carried out in spring or autumn in the second year of development. Compact varieties are seated with a distance of 15 cm between specimens, and large species are spaced 20 cm apart.

Important! The bushes should be planted in such a way that when the planting growth is completed, the planting is closed: the primrose negatively refers to the excess space.

Landing rules

Planting primrose is carried out, as a rule, by seedlings, for which you must follow the instructions:

1. In early February, seeds purchased in a specialized store are distributed over the surface of a moistened soil mixture consisting of leafy soil, sand and peat in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, so that there are up to 5 pieces per 1 cm2.
2. The dishes with the crops are covered with polyethylene and placed in a freezer with a temperature of up to -10 ° C.
3. After 3-4 weeks, the container with the frozen seeds is mixed on the windowsill, where it is shaded from the direct sun.
4. A week after the appearance of the first shoots, the film is removed.
5. When seedlings, which are characterized by slow growth, form two pairs of true leaves, the seedlings dive into the boxes with tweezers

Important! Primrose from seeds is planted in the garden only after two years of growing in boxes.

Perennial garden primrose care

Primrose does not need much care. However, in order for the flower to delight its owner with flowers for a long period, it is required to adhere to the basic agrotechnical requirements for growing primroses in the open field.

Watering

The culture needs a constantly moist soil. In the spring, abundant watering is carried out once a week. In hot periods, the frequency of irrigation and the volume of water used is doubled - 1 m2 is irrigated with three liters of liquid.

Top dressing

Enriching the soil with nutrients is an integral part of complete care. During the growing season, primrose is fed weekly with a solution of complex mineral fertilizers with a concentration half as much as indicated on the package.

Advice! To avoid the build-up of green mass instead of flower formation, fertilizing with nitrogen-containing fertilizers should alternate with the introduction of potassium and phosphorus.

Flower transplant

Primrose is a highly growing plant, therefore it needs a systematic transplant every 4-5 years, during which the bush is divided.

Protection from pests and diseases

Since primrose is cultivated on moist soils in partial shade, it is prone to fungal diseases in the form of powdery mildew, rot, rust, and bacterial spots. When manifestations of fungal diseases are detected, fungicide treatments are carried out, and in the case of bacterial diseases, the affected specimens are destroyed.Of the pests on primrose, aphids, spider mites, weevils, fleas are noted, which can be fought by spraying the plantings with an insecticidal preparation.

Preparing for winter

After flowering is complete, the soil under the primroses is loosened and cleaned of weeds, after which the flowers are left alone. In the autumn, the culture begins to build up the green mass, which serves as a natural shelter for the flowers for the winter.

Reproduction

The seed method is not the only possible way to breed primrose. The flower can be propagated by vegetative methods - cuttings, dividing the bush and rooting shoots.

Dividing the bush

After the bush reaches three years old, as a rule, you can start dividing it. However, there are exceptions: some varieties reproduce using this method only after five years of age. The best time for dividing the bush is early spring or autumn - the periods before or after the flowering phase.

When carrying out the procedure, the following algorithm should be followed:

• The plant is carefully dug up, and its root system is cleared of soil residues.
• The rhizome is divided with a sharp knife into parts, each of which should have 2-3 roots and a leafy rosette.
• Places of cuts are sprinkled with wood ash as an antiseptic.
• After the separated parts of the rhizome are planted in the garden.
• In spring division, each new plant is watered daily for 12-14 days.
• If the procedure is carried out in the fall, young specimens take shelter even before the onset of serious cold snaps.

Propagation by cuttings

When using this method, the largest primrose bush is selected, from which, after being removed from the soil, parts with developed roots are separated.

Then:

• The tops of the cuttings are cut longitudinally to accelerate the rate of bud growth.
• Prepared cuttings are planted in open ground to a depth of 4 cm.

Rooting

In the case when the plant does not have a formed root system and fully developed rosettes, the rooting method is the most suitable way of reproduction.

For a successful conduct, you need to perform the following steps:

• From the very base of the rhizome, a leaf petiole with ⅓ part of the leaf plate is separated.
• The shoot is planted in a container filled with a substrate of leafy earth and sand in equal parts.
• The pot is transferred to a room with a large amount of diffused light and a temperature regime of 16-18 ° C.

When a shoot forms from the bud, the plant moves to the garden, provided the weather conditions permit it.

Application in landscape design

The variety of species and varieties of primroses, as well as the ease of cultivation, contribute to its growing popularity among landscape designers, some of whom prefer primroses over tulips or daffodils. After all, if you choose the right varietal composition, a flower garden can delight the owner with flowers from mid-spring to late summer.

Most often, primrose is used to decorate the following objects:

• The shores of artificial reservoirs are often decorated with hygrophilous primroses.
• Curbs and paths are organically set off with bright varieties.
• Rock gardens and rockeries are also often decorated with primroses due to their undemanding ground and lighting.

So, garden primrose, being an undemanding flower, is the ideal crop for any garden plot. And the species diversity makes it possible to enjoy long flowering almost until the end of summer.

The second name of this wonderful flower is primrose. This is completely logical, considering that it is he who owns the “palm” among spring flowers. Garden primrose is distinguished by a variety of varieties, is unpretentious in care and does not require much attention. The basic rules for growing spring primrose are described in our information.

Primrose varieties

A variety of varieties and colors will allow you to experiment with a suitable site design. Despite its inconspicuous size, the garden primrose has the additional advantage of bright inflorescences. The petals are double, simple and uneven in color. The classification is carried out according to the arrangement of the inflorescences.

There are the following types:

1. Umbrella primroses... The most numerous "family", which includes the spring primrose, pubescent, multiflorous, tall, auricular, rejected and pink. It will also be interesting to know how the landing and departure of Deytsia pink captivity takes place.

   Umbrella primroses

2. Capitate primroses... Otherwise, they are also called spherical, and the most common are capitate and fine-toothed primroses from this species. But how the pink ball is grown from Ageratum seeds will help to understand the photo from the article.

   Capitate primroses

3. Candelabra primroses... The arrangement of inflorescences is in peculiar tiers, among the most popular varieties are Japanese, Bulley and Bisa primrose.

   Candelabra

4. Bell-shaped primroses. The most common among them: Sikkim, mealy and primrose "Florinda".

   Bell-shaped

The differences between the species are not so noticeable, especially since breeding work allows you to get more and more varieties of this plant literally every year. On sale, primroses are often labeled not by varieties, but by the color of the inflorescences. Most often, it is the grown flowers with a pronounced decorative effect that are sold. To extend the life of such a gift, you need to know the basic rules of plant agricultural technology.

You may also be interested in learning how to plant annual phlox seeds.

Agricultural technology of primroses

The purchased plant pot should not be immediately subjected to additional stress and planted in open ground. It is usually believed that faded primrose can be simply thrown away, because it is not at all easy to achieve re-flowering. However, when it comes to a perennial plant, the main thing is to adhere to the following rules.

The main subtleties of growing primrose:

1. This plant is able to take root even on infertile soil, so it is not necessary to allocate the best site for it.
2. The distance between the bushes should be at least 10 centimeters for miniature varieties, and, accordingly, 25 cm for large ones.
3. The soil must be well moistened, it is necessary to regularly loosen the top layer.
4. Top dressing must be carried out with any mineral complex for flowering plants, only the concentration must be halved. It is undesirable to use nitrogen components for primrose, because flowering in this case will be replaced by lush foliage. Potassium and phosphorus complexes stimulate the formation of buds best of all.
5. In hot weather, the frequency of watering is doubled so that the roots of the plant do not die. In this case, it is desirable that moisture does not get on the leaves of the plant, therefore, drip irrigation will be preferable.
6. You can plant a potted plant only after the last buds have fallen off. The transplant is carried out by transferring an earthen clod into a previously prepared hole.
7. For cold climates, you need to consider a winter shelter. These can be dry leaves, straw and agrofibre. In order for the plant to be guaranteed to survive at negative temperatures, the thickness of the shelter must be at least 5 - 7 centimeters.
8. To extend the flowering period of the plant, it is necessary to cut off the faded buds. This will help save energy for new flowers. Also, damaged or dry leaves should be removed from the bush.
9. To obtain larger inflorescences, it is recommended to thin out the ovaries and buds. Usually, the largest and most promising ones are left on the bush, and the rest must be disposed of. How hyacinth leaves after flowering in the open field is described in great detail in this article.

The video shows the cultivation of a perennial garden primrose:

A very important nuance: you cannot cut the leaves in the fall. This serves as a natural shelter for the roots of the plant. After the last snow melts and the first shoots appear, the dried leaves are removed so that the bush looks neat and beautiful.

Reproduction

After the bush gets strong enough and grows, you can try to divide it into separate parts. For this, sufficiently mature plants are suitable, which are at least three years old.

The algorithm for dividing a bush is quite simple. To do this, you need to carefully dig it out of the ground and peel the roots. After that, cut with a knife approximately in the middle, leaving enough strong roots and stems on both parts.

If the plant has not yet grown very much, you can carry out the propagation of primrose by cuttings. To do this, a strong root is separated from the underground part of the bush, preferably with a layering. It must be cut off, and then planted separately from the mother plant. but how the reproduction of Aquilegia by seeds occurs, in great detail. with a photo, is described in this article.

In order for germination to proceed as successfully and quickly as possible, it is necessary to position the root horizontally, having previously made several punctures along the length. This will help to sprout up faster, and fertilization with stimulating substances and good watering will contribute to this.

Growing from seeds

Despite the length of this process, growing primrose from seeds will not be difficult even for inexperienced gardeners. Three periods are suitable for this, each of which is characterized by its own nuances.

Basic landing rules:

• Planting "in winter" is considered the most effective... The soil will receive enough moisture, and a good shelter will protect it from freezing. Planted primroses do not need additional care, and early varieties are capable of the first flowering as early as next spring.
• For the spring period, it is optimal to choose the end of February - the beginning of March. At this time, pre-germinated seeds are planted in prepared soil. For optimal temperature and humidity conditions, it is best to use plastic wrap or glass. Plants are transplanted into open ground only after the final warming up of the earth, and in case of night frosts, it is necessary to think over a sufficiently reliable shelter.
• In summer, you can plant seeds directly from dead plants. The disadvantage is the insufficient degree of soil moisture during this period. That is why it is necessary to provide partial shade, and if necessary, mulch the soil. But what low-growing flowers for a flower bed look like blooming all summer, can be seen in the photo in this article.

The video shows growing flowers from seeds:

Growing primrose from seeds will take at least two to three years, because flowering will occur precisely after this period of time. The rows of seedlings should be dense, because the primrose does not really like open spaces.

Garden primrose is a delicate spring flower that delights the eye after a long winter. There are many species of this primrose, differing in a variety of colors and the arrangement of petals. To learn how to properly plant and care for primrose yourself, our article will provide comprehensive information on this topic.