Chrysanthemums from seeds, planting and care in the open field

Eastern wisdom advises everyone who wants to live a happy life to grow

chrysanthemums

... According to an ancient Chinese legend, the white dragon tried to encroach on the sun itself. He tore it with teeth and claws, and sparks fell to the ground and turned into yellow flowers, which were later called chrysanthemums. They are depicted on the Japanese coat of arms, coins and seals, which does not bother Asians

cook with chrysanthemums

cakes and salads. As a garden flower, chrysanthemum has been known for three millennia, but interest in it is only growing.

Breeders are constantly striving to get as large-flowered varieties as possible, but gardeners are more attracted to small-flowered Korean chrysanthemums, since they are resistant to low temperatures, are good outdoors in combination with other flowers, have high decorative qualities, bloom for a long time and profusely almost until November ... Therefore, it is not for nothing that chrysanthemum is considered the queen of autumn. In addition, it is grown in pots to decorate houses, and in cut form, it lasts for a long time - up to 30 days, so it is ideal for bouquets.

In the open field, chrysanthemum blooms in August and pleases with its lush flowers all autumn, withstand frosts down to -7 ° C.Depending on the variety, the stems reach a height of 30-80 cm and are decorated with double, semi-double and simple inflorescences of unusually diverse shades.

In the northern regions of Russia, it is believed that it is impossible to grow chrysanthemums outdoors, but in fact, they can successfully winter with light

hideouts

in central Russia and even in Siberia! In these areas, after cutting the stems, hemp hemp 10-15 cm high is well spud

peat

, cover with foliage and insulate

spruce branches

.

Planting chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemums do not like the slightest shading and moisture retention, so the place for them should be sunny and at least slightly elevated. This is a guarantee that the shoots will not stretch, change the time and period of flowering. However, the root system of chrysanthemums is superficial, so the soil should not be overdried either.

The ideal soil for them is loose, moisture-permeable, with an optimal amount of various nutrients. With dense and low-fertile soil in the garden, a little peat, compost or rotted manure is introduced into the soil before planting cuttings, but do not abuse them, otherwise the plants will be too tall to the detriment of flowering. Add a small amount of coarse sand to the soil for drainage. The soil mixture is preferably neutral or slightly acidic.

The ideal day for planting is cloudy or rainy. In hot, sunny weather, plant cuttings in the early morning or late evening when the sun is less active. Pour holes 35-40 cm deep with plenty of water, put drainage, earth mixed with vermicompost in a ratio of 20: 1. Chrysanthemum is placed and covered with earth. The roots grow parallel to the soil, so they are not buried too deep. For tall varieties, additional support is needed.

Immediately after planting in the ground, the first pinching is carried out - the growth point on the plant is removed. 3 weeks after planting, break out the upper part of the shoot with 2-3 nodes - the second pinch. The first days after planting, artificially shade the seedlings so that they do not suffer from bright sunlight. The best option is a non-woven fabric, but it is advisable that it does not come into contact with the leaves.

Reproduction of chrysanthemums

Since varietal characteristics are not preserved when propagated by seeds, chrysanthemums are propagated

cuttings

, dividing the bushes or root shoots, which are separated from the mother bush.

In any case, it is necessary to plant and transplant chrysanthemums. in the spring, in May, when frosts and cold snaps pass. It is also acceptable at the beginning of summer - this will not affect the development of chrysanthemums.

In the next video, you can see the process of reproduction of chrysanthemums by dividing the bush in the spring.

If you got hold of the planting material closer to autumn, then plant it in the ground

until September 15 , so that before the onset of frost, the plants have time to take root well. If you did not have time during this period, then plant the seedling in a shallow wide pot, cutting low. Send the container with chrysanthemum to a dark place to a warm loggia or a heated terrace, where until spring the temperature will be at the level of 4-6 ° C - these are the optimal conditions for the successful development of plants. Moisten the ground periodically throughout the winter.

From the end of February, chrysanthemums are planted in a greenhouse and watered more often. By the end of March, the shoots will grow back, and it will be possible to do cuttings - cut off the shoots no more than 10 cm.

Carefully plant the cuttings in a box filled with a mixture of earth, sand and humus in a 1: 2: 1 ratio, close tightly with glass. After a month, the cuttings will take root, they can be planted in wide containers. As soon as the danger of an unexpected cold snap passes, it will be possible to transplant the mother plant and seedlings into the ground.

Chrysanthemum care

The watering regime should be moderate, in which the root system will not rot from excess moisture. This is despite the fact that chrysanthemum is quite hygrophilous.The exception is the dry period (during which water more abundantly, so that the stems do not become rusty, and the flowers do not lose their decorative effect) and the period before flowering. It is better to take water standing or rainwater.

Once a week "feed" the flowers with mullein infusion (1:10), and before budding -

potash

and

phosphorus fertilizers

for lush bloom, sometimes

nitrogen

for building up green mass. Discard top dressing before flowering. During dressing, make sure that the fertilizer solution does not get on the leaves and cause burns.

Water only at the root .

For the development of young chrysanthemums, it is extremely important to ensure a balanced diet in the first two months, as the green mass is growing very actively. Burnt mullein and chicken droppings are very effective. The main rule is that it is better not to feed the plant than to burn it.

1. Pour a couple of buckets of mullein or a bucket of chicken droppings into a large container, fill it with water, stir and let it infuse for three days - during this time the valuable highly concentrated fertilizer will be ready.
2. Prepare a solution: add 10 liters of water to 1 liter of concentrated infusion.
3. Apply 1 liter of solution under each plant only at the root and always on wet soil.

Further care for the chrysanthemum does not require much effort - regular watering, loosening, weeding, spraying from parasites.

Despite the fact that chrysanthemums tolerate the cold quite well, at the end of October, protect the flower bed from frost by placing a frame with plastic wrap on it - and you will admire the flowering of April cuttings for another month. You will remove the frame at the end of November, transplant the bushes into pots, and they will bloom on a warm, bright veranda even in January.

If you have recently been given a potted chrysanthemum, how to keep it until spring and planting in the garden, you can find out from the answer to the question "How to keep chrysanthemums until spring?" And the article The second life of a chrysanthemum from a bouquet is confirmation that a flower you like can be propagated by cuttings, even if you do not know the exact date of cutting.

Disease and pest control

Water-loving chrysanthemum, abundant watering, especially in the absence of rain, helps prevent the defeat of aphids and mites that cannot tolerate moisture.

Many harmful microorganisms and pathogens live in the soil.

diseases

, so after every rain, treat the plants with drugs for diseases (for example, Quadris or Previkur). Protects from root rot

Fitosporin

, it can be added to the irrigation water with every feeding.

Of all the enemies of chrysanthemums (leaf rollers, snails, aphids, ticks, etc.), caterpillars are the most dangerous. Only one of them can eat several buds per night. So keep your ears open, review your plantings regularly and take action on time. Good preparations for fighting insects are Aktara, Aktellik, Ratibor, Iskra, Fitoverm, etc.

Types and varieties of chrysanthemums

The genus of chrysanthemums has more than 150 species, but in our garden they grow mainly their hybrids. The classification of chrysanthemums is quite complex. There are main garden groups of hybrid chrysanthemums:

• Korean (small-flowered, inflorescence 2-9 cm),
• Indian (large-flowered, inflorescence 10-25 cm),
• Chinese and Japanese.

By the structure of the flower varieties are divided into the following groups:

• simple,
• semi-double,
• anemone,
• terry,
• flat,
• hemispherical,
• spherical,
• curly,
• pompom,
• radial.

By the structure of the petal distinguish tubular and reed. For growing in the garden, the most popular chrysanthemums are Korean, they are unpretentious, beautiful, bloom for a long time. Large-flowered species are usually grown for cutting and arranging bouquets. Here are some popular small-flowered varieties for your garden.

Chrysanthemum Korean Alyonushka

Bright pink non-double inflorescences 5-6 cm in diameter. Bush up to 50 cm tall. Blooms in September.

Chrysanthemum Korean dune

Small orange-yellow flowers, 5 cm in diameter. The height of the bush is 60 cm.

Chrysanthemum Korean Snowball

Terry inflorescences, small, 56 cm in diameter, white with slightly pink tips. Bush up to 60 cm high.

Korean chrysanthemum Mishal

Small-flowered terry chrysanthemum, inflorescences 4-4.5 cm, pompom, lush, bright yellow. Blooms from September. Bush up to 40 cm high.

Chrysanthemum Korean Terracotta

Terry flowers, 5-6 cm in diameter, orange shades. The bush is 50-60 cm tall.

Chrysanthemum bush Saba

A very original color of chrysanthemum with a yellow-green core and reddish-lilac sharp petals with a white border. The diameter of the flower is 5 cm, the height of the bush is 60-70 cm.

You can get acquainted with the recently fashionable variety series of large and small-flowered chrysanthemums by reading the publication

"Families" of chrysanthemums

.

Read more about chrysanthemums on our website:

• Chrysanthemum - a flower of longevity and transience of life
• The love story of the Japanese for chrysanthemums
• Chrysanthemum Legends
• Chinese chrysanthemums - the charm of antiquity
• Chrysanthemums of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden (very beautiful photos and descriptions of varieties)
• 8 queens of balls of chrysanthemums of Nikitsky botanical garden
• 17 personalized chrysanthemums of the autumn ball
• Old chrysanthemums in new optics

What chrysanthemums grow in your garden?

Chrysanthemum is one of the most beautiful herbaceous plants of the Astrov family. They are high, low, perennial, annual. They can be grown from seeds, seedlings, dividing the bush. It is easy to care for chrysanthemums, even an inexperienced gardener can handle these plants. In the article we will tell you about the cultivation of chrysanthemums, we will give recommendations for care.

Growing from seeds in a seedling and non-seedling way

From seeds, you can grow not only annual, but also perennial varieties. You can get a plant in two ways:

1. Sow seeds directly into the ground (seedless method);
2. Sow seeds for seedlings.

The seedless method of obtaining chrysanthemums is less laborious. However, this method has its drawback - the flowering of the plant can only be expected at the end of summer. For annual varieties, this method is not entirely successful. But perennial species can be grown in a seedless way. Read also the article: → "How to grow a chrysanthemum from seeds."

Ball-shaped chrysanthemums in the garden

Before sowing the seeds, you need to prepare the garden bed. It is better to do this in May with the arrival of heat. In the southern regions, sowing dates are shifted by a month, and it is possible to sow seeds in open ground in April. Then:

1. The garden is watered.
2. As soon as the water is completely absorbed, holes are made at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other. Embedding depth no more than 1.5 cm.
3. Each planting place fits 2-3 chrysanthemum seeds.
4. From above, the plant is sprinkled with soil.
5. The bed is covered with a film before the first shoots appear. It will help maintain moisture and prevent the top layer of the earth from drying out.
6. After three weeks, the first shoots will appear. From this point on, the film is removed.
7. Care for seedlings is simple: they need to be watered in a timely manner, fertilized, loosened, and weeds removed.

Tip # 1. As soon as the sprouts are opened according to the third true leaf, they are thinned out, leaving one in the nest. The rest can be sent to a permanent place.

To grow seedlings, you need to prepare the soil, containers, seeds. For germination of seeds, a container is taken with a depth of at least 6 cm. Prepared soil is poured into it. Seeds are laid out on top of the soil at a distance of at least 3 cm from each other. Separate containers such as cups can be used. They sow 2-3 seeds in a nest. From above, the seeds are sprinkled with sand, a layer of 1 cm.

Crops are watered and covered with glass or a transparent plastic bag. At a temperature of 18-20 degrees, they emerge in 2-3 weeks. As soon as the shoots hatch, the shelter is removed.In an open container, the earth will dry out quickly, and the shoots may die. It is important to monitor the soil and irrigate in a timely manner.

Soil preparation for growing flowers

Growing chrysanthemums at home with seedlings

When sowing chrysanthemums seedlings, it is important to properly form the soil. The following mixture will be ideal (taken in equal parts):

• humus;
• peat;
• sifted flower land for greenhouses (sold in stores).

The mixture must be disinfected. This can be done by spilling the composition twice with boiling water or by heating the composition in the oven at 130 degrees for 15 minutes. You can use a solution of potassium permanganate for disinfection, diluting it to a rich red color. Read also the article: → "How to root a chrysanthemum from a bouquet."

Seed sowing dates

When growing chrysanthemums from seeds, it is important to observe the sowing time. They will be different for annual and perennial plant varieties.

Sowing dates	Flowering, annual chrysanthemums	Flowering, perennial chrysanthemums
End of February	The beginning of June	July - early August
March	Early July	August
April	End of July - beginning of August	September - early October
May (seeding in OG)	From mid-August	Rarely bloom in late October. Chrysanthemums usually bloom the next year.

Flowering of chrysanthemums of annual varieties, most often occurs three months after the emergence of seedlings. Perennial varieties bloom later, after about 4-4.5 months.

Temperature and lighting for growing seedlings from seeds

Growing chrysanthemums from seeds is not an easy way

When sowing seeds, it is important to observe the correct temperature and lighting conditions. It depends on how quickly the sprouts will appear and how they will develop. Seed germination occurs at a temperature not lower than 18 degrees. If you plan to sow directly into open ground, then it is better to do this not earlier than May, when the danger of frost has passed.

For the southern regions, sowing can be done a month earlier. When growing in seedlings, it is important to provide good lighting. The March crops will have enough daylight, but the February seedlings must be supplemented (at least 12 hours a day).

Seedling watering rules

After sowing the seeds, it is important to maintain the moisture in the topsoil. For this, the soil in containers is sprayed from a spray bottle. As soon as sprouts appear, you can water with a watering can with a spray nozzle or very gently along the side of the container. Watering the seedlings is necessary as the soil dries up. If the earth dries up completely, then small, not yet matured sprouts die.

Chrysanthemum seedlings in a pot

After blooming the second true leaf, the watering intensity is slightly reduced. At this time, the roots penetrate deeper into the earthen lump and can use moisture in the lower layers. Therefore, watering the seedlings from this period should not be immediately, but give a few more hours to dry out.

Tip # 2. It is necessary to loosen the soil between waterings. This will allow the roots to breathe and develop faster. The ideal scheme would be: watering - loosening - watering.

Fertilizers for feeding chrysanthemums

Different varieties of plants have their own preferences for the composition of fertilizers.

Chrysanthemum varieties	Fertilizer type	Compound	Solution preparation, dosage
Annuals	Phosphorus-potassium, nitrogen, vitamins and minerals	30 g nitrogen, 30 g phosphorus, 50 g potassium	Everything is mixed and diluted with 10 liters of water. The mixture consumption is 3 liters per plant
Perennial	Nitrogen-potassium fertilizers with a high potassium content	25 grams of phosphorus, 25 grams of nitrogen, 45 grams of potassium	Phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen are mixed in the specified proportion and diluted in 10 liters of water. It is watered at the root at the rate of 5 liters per adult plant.

Annual plants go through a faster growing season, so they need more fertilizer than perennial crops. For feeding, you can use:

• Saltpeter;
• Phosphate-potassium fertilizer;
• Biohumus;
• Agricola for flowering plants, seedlings;
• A blank sheet for flowering plants.

Vermicompost, Agricola and a clean sheet contain not only nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, but also useful microelements and vitamins.  reviews of gardeners about fertilizer Agricola. Other types of fertilizers contain mainly one substance. This can be nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium. Read also the article: → "Planting and caring for chrysanthemums in the open field."

Fertilizer for chrysanthemums

Varieties of annual and perennial chrysanthemums

The seeds can be used to grow different varieties of chrysanthemums, both annuals and perennials.

Perennial	Annuals
Indian varieties (grown as a room culture, since these species die in freezing conditions): Gazell, Valentina Tereshkova, Alec Bedser, and others; Korean varieties: Altyn Ai, Vivat Botaniku, Bairam, Dina, Zemfira, Duslyk 450, etc.	"German flag", "bride dress", "Eldorado", "Autumn bouquet", "Shisu", etc.

Prevention of diseases and pests

Chrysanthemums, like other plants, are often exposed to pests and diseases. Of the pests, they are most often affected by aphids, spider mites. Various chemicals are used against them: Karbofos, Aktara, Aktellik.

• You can use infusions on natural ingredients, for example, tobacco dust, taken at the rate of 500 grams per bucket of water. 50 grams of laundry soap is added to the composition. The solution is infused for two days.
• Garlic infusion showed a good effect on pests. To prepare it, you will need to mince 400 grams of garlic. The resulting gruel is diluted in a bucket of water and the plants are immediately treated.
• With thickened plantings, there is a high risk of developing a nematode. Signs of defeat are pale leaves, twisting, ugliness of the buds. To combat the nematode, it is recommended to change the landing sites. In place of chrysanthemums, it is recommended to plant onions, cereals, garlic and other types of plants that do not subject disease. When transplanting, the roots of chrysanthemums are well washed with water, if necessary, the bushes are divided. If any part of the plant is infected, then the bush is completely utilized (burned).
• In unfavorable regions, gray rot, powdery mildew can cause harm to plants. For the prevention and treatment of these diseases of chrysanthemums, it is recommended to carry out the treatment by three spraying of Fundazole, copper oxychloride or Bordeaux liquid. Dilute the preparations according to the instructions on the package.

To prevent the occurrence of any disease, thickened plantings should be avoided. When watering, water should not fall on the leaves. It is also important to remove fallen leaves and plant residues in time. The table below shows the most common types of chrysanthemum diseases.

Name	Description of the disease	Method of struggle
Septoria (leaf spot)	It manifests itself in the form of spots on the leaves. At first they are yellow, then they turn brown, they can turn black. First of all, the lower leaves are affected, gradually the disease rises up.	Remove all diseased leaves. Treat the plant with a preparation: Copper sulfate, Hom, Ditan M-45, Rovral, profit, Ordan, Glyokladin. It is necessary to dilute the product strictly according to the instructions.
Rust	Pale areas of damaged leaves, powdery orange spots appear on the plant. Affected bushes do not bloom well.	All affected parts of the plant are removed. With a thickened planting, thinning should be carried out to improve ventilation. When watering, it is necessary to avoid getting water on the leaves. In case of severe damage, the plant is processed. For this, preparations are used that contain sulfur: Bordeaux liquid, ABiga-Peak, Poliram, Strobi.
Plant wilting (fusarium wilting)	Plant pathology is manifested by browning, yellowing of the leaves. Affected bushes of plants lag behind in development, do not bloom.Getting into the soil, the roots become infected and the flow of water into the plant cells is blocked.	Destruction of all infected parts of chrysanthemums. Plant only varieties that are resistant to wilting. Raise soil pH to 7.0. Treatment of plants with a mixture of boric acid and potassium permanganate in a 1: 1 ratio. The composition is abundantly processed and watered at the root of chrysanthemum bushes in June. Treatment with bio fungicides: Agat-25K, Fitomporin-M, Baktofit, Vitaros, Maxim. The drugs are diluted and applied in accordance with the instructions.

The use of chrysanthemums in landscape design

Chrysanthemums are a real find for decorating the landscape. In plantings, they are often combined with evergreens such as spruces, junipers, pines and other conifers. They are also used to decorate mixborders. For this, varieties are used with very different colors, but the same height.

Landscape designers advise using chrysanthemums of different colors to create stylish compositions. Each shade has its own unusual background. For example, white and yellow varieties look perfect against a green lawn.

Chrysanthemums help add vibrant colors to the landscape

Chrysanthemum belongs to unpretentious plants. It grows well in any territory, regardless of the climatic zone. It is important for her that the location is well lit. Otherwise, the plant is not whimsical, it is easy to care for it.

Answers to the most frequently asked questions

Question number 1. Is it better to plant chrysanthemum seeds in peat tablets or in the ground?

Seeds germinate equally well in tablets and in soil. But the tablets have some advantage: if necessary, the seedlings were transferred to a larger container, the plant in the tablet is more conveniently transplanted. To do this, you just need to put a peat tablet in a container with soil. Transplanting seedlings without pills is more difficult. Her roots are injured. After such transplants, the seedlings get sick and take a long time.

Question number 2. When to plant seedlings in a permanent place?

The resulting seedlings are planted in a permanent place when the night temperature does not drop below 15 degrees.

Question number 3. Do I need to pinch chrysanthemum sprouts?

In order for the plant to begin to bush as early as possible, it is pinched. If this is not done, then the chrysanthemum will still begin to bush, but only when the central branch gains its growth.

Question number 4. Where is it better to grow chrysanthemum seedlings on a windowsill or in a greenhouse?

Seeds germinate at temperatures from 18 degrees. If it is lower, then the seeds will germinate for a long time. On the windowsill, the temperature stays at about the same level - about 18 degrees, and in the greenhouse, at night, it can drop to 10 degrees and below. Therefore, it is best to grow chrysanthemum seedlings from seeds on the windowsill, and from the moment 3-5 true leaves appear, it can be taken out to the greenhouse.

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Chrysanthemums are very beautiful flowers of various shades that can decorate various rooms. At home, they grow very well, without causing much trouble in their maintenance and care. These plants are quite unpretentious and tolerate a drop in temperature well. They do not fade for a long time when cut, so they are often used in autumn bouquets. Many people think that chrysanthemums can only be grown by rooting a shoot or dividing a bush. However, this miracle can also be grown from seeds.

Description of the plant

Chrysanthemum is loved by many gardeners not only for its beautiful flowering, but also for the fact that it is one of the last to bloom and pleases the eye with its gorgeous appearance until the very cold weather. This flower in vivo found in China, North America, Asia and Europe... Chrysanthemum has many varieties, numbering about 150 pieces.

The cultivation of this flower takes place both at home and in the summer cottage.In the latter case, only two varieties are used:

• Korean;
• ground chrysanthemum.

It belongs to the Asteraceae family of Compositae. It begins to bloom in September and ends in a month, in October. The height of the shrub is from 30 to 110 cm... The higher it is, the more flowers are formed on it, and under favorable conditions, up to 100 inflorescences with a double or semi-double surface can appear. The branched roots of the plant can penetrate the soil to a depth of 20 cm.

For growing on personal plots, the following types of chrysanthemums are most often acquired:

• Alpine;
• Crowned;
• Keeled;
• Shrub;
• Chinese;
• Korean.

Hybrid varieties tolerate temperature extremes and bad weather much easier. They are less likely to be affected by pests and various diseases, and they differ in a long flowering period.

How to grow a chrysanthemum from seeds?

Growing a flower from seeds does not require special conditions and does not take much time. Chrysanthemum is unpretentious and easily adapts to various environmental conditions. You need to know that not all types of such a plant are grown from seeds, but only Korean small-flowered and some annuals... All other species are obtained by cuttings or dividing the bush.

The seeds of annual chrysanthemums can be sown directly into open ground. This is usually done in mid-May, flowering in this case will come only in autumn. In order to see flowers early, it is best to plant seedlings that quickly adapt to open ground. Seeds of perennial flowers are sown at the end of January. If the winter is too harsh, then this process is postponed to February.

Such flowers should be grown in light soil, which is prepared according to the following scheme:

• one part of humus;
• one piece of sand;
• two pieces of leafy land.

Growing chrysanthemums at home must be carried out in a container, on the bottom of which gravel, expanded clay or any other material that acts as drainage is laid. Seeds of annual flowers are planted to a depth of no more than 1 cm... If the chrysanthemum is Korean, then in this case the seeds must be laid out on the surface. The emergence of sprouts should be expected in two weeks, and under favorable conditions this period is usually shortened.

Seedlings should be grown at an ambient temperature of +18 degrees. The soil must be constantly moist, so it must be systematically sprayed with a spray bottle so that it does not dry out. It is best to use warm and settled water. After the appearance of several true leaves, the plants begin to dive into separate containers.

Planting chrysanthemums in open ground

Growing a flower outdoors is quite simple, but you still need to adhere to certain conditions.

Lighting

Seedlings in open ground are transplanted at the beginning of summer, and in good weather conditions they do it a little earlier. In this case, you should focus on the temperature of the soil, which should warm up to +14 degrees. The area where chrysanthemums will grow should be well lit by sunlight.... Since most varieties begin to bloom in the fall, the light regime is as natural as possible.

If the chrysanthemum suffers from a lack of sun, then only flower buds begin to form, and with an excess of it, mainly axillary buds, stems and leaves will be laid. Thus, in order for the flower to develop normally, it needs a normal daylight hours.

Windless and flat area

The plant does not like drafts and wind, so it is best to grow chrysanthemums near the house or fence. Besides, for such flowers it is necessary to find a flat area... This is explained by the fact that in the lowland, due to melting snow, water will begin to drain and flood the chrysanthemum. This can also happen during rainy weather.

Care

After the seedlings are planted, appropriate care must be taken after it. First of all, the chrysanthemum must be watered after planting. Lack of moisture will not allow the formation of flower buds, from which inflorescences subsequently grow. Excess moisture is not terrible for the plant, but too juicy shoots can freeze during autumn frosts.

Chrysanthemum care includes applying fertilizers to the soil, and in moderation. It is necessary to alternate feeding using mineral and organic fertilizers... First, nitrogen fertilizing is applied, and during the laying of the buds - phosphorus-potassium. In addition, you should regularly loosen the soil and remove weeds.

Diseases and pests

Usually chrysanthemums are not susceptible to serious diseases. Mostly they are affected by spider mites, but with the help of a soap solution it is easy to get rid of it. Instead of this, you can use the solution "Piterium"... Earth parasites should not be feared either. Aphids, which can grow in the flowers themselves, do no harm and can be easily washed off with water.

Thus, growing from seeds and caring for a chrysanthemum is a fairly simple matter. Some species can be grown both outdoors and at home. Adhering to certain recommendations, you can achieve a gorgeous flowering in the fall, which will delight the eye for a long time.

Despite the fact that chrysanthemums are unpretentious flowers, it is still important to understand all the nuances of caring for them. After all, they can also get sick, suffer from pests or improper conditions of detention. In order for these beautiful autumn flowers to be covered with buds and bright green leaves, it is important to plant, water and fertilize them correctly. You will learn about all this from this article, which describes the perennial garden chrysanthemum, planting and caring for it.

When is the best time to plant?

In order for you to successfully grow perennial chrysanthemums, the planting of these flowers must be carried out correctly. To do this, it is important to immediately mention that they can be planted both in spring and autumn. When is it better to do this? Chrysanthemums are best taken when planted in early spring. During the warm season, they root well, grow and even bloom by autumn. If you plant flowers in August-October, then it will be difficult to achieve flowering in the same year. At the same time, if the plant does not take root well in the fall, it may simply not survive the winter. But since in life not everything turns out according to the rules, then you can plant when it works out. Subject to all planting rules, the plant should take root in any case.

Chrysanthemum perennial, planting and care, photo of spring planting

Planting chrysanthemums in spring is good for several reasons:

1. The plant has a long time to root and is likely to bloom by fall.
2. Perennial flowers planted in spring have enough strength for a successful wintering.
3. The plant does not tolerate high humidity. In autumn, such conditions can be difficult to organize, because at this time prolonged rains can begin.

Since spring, all flowers take root better and faster. Even if there are problems with this, by the fall, most likely, they will be able to be neutralized. With an autumn planting, you don't have much time. If the chrysanthemum could not root or did it badly, then it simply will not overwinter. As you can see, spring planting carries fewer risks.

True, the spring planting has a minus. You cannot know exactly what kind of planting material you have. Since chrysanthemums do not bloom in spring and summer, you cannot determine either the color or the size of the flowers at this time. That is, you have to rely entirely on the good faith of the seller.

Plant chrysanthemums in a place where they will receive a lot of sunlight. If the flower is in the shade, there is a high probability that its stems will begin to stretch up too much. This will happen to the detriment of flowering.

It is also worth planting chrysanthemums on a hill.Let it be very small, but it will be. This will allow excess moisture that this flower does not like to drain down.

The soil for the chrysanthemum should be loose. It is good if it is breathable and permeable. In such a land, the roots of chrysanthemums will receive enough oxygen, moisture and nutrients. Before planting a flower, you can throw a little compost or nitrogen fertilizer into the prepared hole. This will stimulate rapid establishment and growth of the plant. But you don't need to be too zealous with feeding.

Perennial chrysanthemums: planting and care in the fall

Perennial chrysanthemums can also be planted in the fall. This method is less preferable, but it also has a right to exist. The advantage of planting at this time is that you can visually identify which flowers are in front of you. In particular, you can have an idea of ​​the color palette, the size of the inflorescences, the height of the bush. This will help you choose the right place for planting so that the chrysanthemums look as beautiful as possible.

With all this, planting in the fall carries with it many risks. The plant needs time to take root before frost. If you plant it too late, then this will not happen at the proper level. The flower will be weak and simply will not overwinter. Therefore, it is advisable to plant chrysanthemums in August, September and the first half of October. Anything planted later is likely to die.

The conditions for planting chrysanthemums in the fall should be the same as in the spring. This plant does not change its preferences depending on the season.

See the photo. Chrysanthemum garden perennial planting and care.

Growing from cuttings

Chrysanthemums can be grown from cuttings. An ordinary flower included in the bouquet is suitable for this. Of course, it is better to choose the strongest and bright green specimens, as they take root faster and better. The next step is to do the following:

1. Pinch the top of the handle. It is best to do this without cutting off, but breaking off the top. Thus, you deprive the stalk of the flowering part, which pulls extra strength from the plant.
2. Place the cutting in activated charcoal water. Here he will have to take root. You can also use special root formers, which are sold in large quantities in flower shops.
3. When the plant takes root, it should be planted. Since, most likely, it will be autumn (it is at this time that chrysanthemums bloom), it is better not to plant the plant in open ground, but to use a pot.
4. In the spring, when the chrysanthemum is already a little older, you can transplant it outside.

You can bypass all these processes and immediately plant a chrysanthemum flower in the ground. To do this, you need a stalk with at least 7 leaves. At the same time, the three lower ones need to be broken off, and the cutting should be buried in the ground. Since with this method of planting the plant does not yet have roots, it must be constantly kept in moisture. Water this chrysanthemum often to get it set.

Perennial chrysanthemum from seeds: planting and care

Chrysanthemums are usually propagated by dividing queen cells and cuttings. But these are not all kinds of methods. These flowers can still be sown with seeds. It is necessary to collect them after ripening, in late autumn. Seeds are planted in the spring immediately in the ground or in a flowerpot.

If you decide to plant chrysanthemum seeds directly in open ground, then do it in May. It is at this time that it is quite warm and humid outside. After planting, the seeds need to be watered frequently. With all efforts, expect the first shoots not earlier than August.

When planting seeds in open ground, throw 2-3 seeds in one hole. This is done for better germination. Then, if suddenly the plants are too densely planted, they can be thinned out.

Chrysanthemums planted in this way will not bloom by autumn. Most likely, the buds will appear a year after the plant has overwintered.

There is no guarantee that chrysanthemums will sprout successfully. That is why many growers prefer to grow chrysanthemum seedlings. To do this, you need to sow flower seeds in a flowerpot. This is done at the end of February - mid-March. After sowing, the seeds need constant moisture. You can also cover the flowerpot with plastic wrap. It will create a greenhouse effect, which will contribute to the early emergence of seedlings. The air temperature in the room with seedlings should be at least 18 degrees. When the plants germinate, they will need to be transplanted individually into disposable cups and exposed to light. The film can be removed from them.

When the seedlings grow up a little, they will need to be pinned, that is, to break off the tops. This will provoke the formation of side shoots. You will get lush, symmetrical bushes. They can be planted outside in May. By the fall, buds are already formed on them, and then flowers.

How to care for perennial chrysanthemums in spring

Spring grooming does not require a lot of hassle, provided the planting has been done correctly. In order for the plant to grow well in spring, it is necessary to monitor the moisture and nutritional value of the soil. The latter is especially important if the chrysanthemum has been growing in a certain place for more than a year. In this case, she definitely needs top dressing. Nitrogen is used for good growth. If a chrysanthemum has been growing in one place for more than 3 years, then it is advisable not only to feed it with fertilizers, but also to transplant it.

How to improve conditions for chrysanthemums in the summer

In the hot summer period, it is important to water the chrysanthemum on time, as well as make nitrogen and potassium supplements. During this period, you need to pinch the tops of the plant so that beautiful bushes form. This is important for future flowering. After all, if a plant grows too tall, few buds are formed on it.

By the beginning of August, nitrogen fertilization should already be stopped, since too much greenery grows from them, and this is to the detriment of flowering. If you overdo it with nitrogen, you can get huge green bushes with a minimum of flowers.

By the end of August, it is necessary to apply phosphate fertilizer. It will just provoke the appearance of many beautiful buds.

It is worth noting that chrysanthemum can suffer from pests in the summer. They appear when there is a lot of moisture, which happens after rain or over-watering. If suddenly you notice traces of fungi, then spray the plant with Fitosporin. Also use a caterpillar repellent.

Autumn and preparation for wintering

In order for the chrysanthemum to overwinter successfully, flower growers also use phosphorus-potassium dressings. They increase the frost resistance of plants.

Further wintering depends on the type of chrysanthemum. There are more frost-resistant varieties that are left in the garden for the winter. Vulnerable specimens are dug up in late autumn and stored in the cellar until spring.

If you do decide to leave chrysanthemums outside for the winter, make sure that there are no holes next to it. This is necessary so that a lot of moisture does not accumulate around the plant.

Before freezing, it is advisable to sprinkle chrysanthemum roots with dry leaves and small twigs. This will protect them. You can also cover the flowers with foil on cold winter days.

It is difficult to imagine an autumn flower garden without perennial chrysanthemums. Their multicolor pleases the eye when the leaves on the trees have already flown, and there are simply no other garden flowers. Planting and caring for perennial chrysanthemums have their own nuances, but they are not particularly difficult.

Varieties and types

These perennial plants with flowers collected in baskets differ in both the height of the bushes and the size of the flowers and their color.

Alpine chrysanthemum.

These are low-growing bush chrysanthemum flowers. View for placement on an alpine hill, since the height of the plant does not exceed 14 cm. Its leaves are pinnately dissected gray-green, the flowers look like single baskets with a diameter of 3 to 5 cm. Flowering in the middle of summer. Hibernates without shelter.

Korean chrysanthemum.

It is this chrysanthemum that is most often grown in regions with frosty winters.Despite the fact that she comes from southern countries (Korea, Japan, China), the ups and downs of our climate withstand well, although it needs shelter.

Interesting varieties included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements:

• Altyn Ai. The bush is no higher than 60 cm. It bears yellow double flowers up to 8 cm in diameter on strong peduncles. It begins to bloom in mid-August. Blooms profusely and continuously for more than 2 months.
• Dina. The bush is about 45 cm high. Flowering begins after August 10. The flowers are white, 8 cm in diameter. The flowering is very long - up to 70 days.
• Zemfira. Blooms at the end of July. It blooms for almost 3 months with medium-sized and non-double flowers of light pink color.
• Autumn dreams. It blooms for almost 3 months with yellow semi-double flowers with a diameter of 7.5 cm.

There are also varieties that have not been tested, but no less interesting:

• Bacon. Bright red flowers on a bush up to 85 cm high bloom in September. They are terry, have a diameter of 5 cm.
• Evening lights. Inflorescences are simple red with a yellow ring.
• Orange sunset. Terry flowers, large (up to 11 cm), orange. The bush is about 80 cm high.
• Malchish-Kibalchish. A low-growing plant, no higher than 35 cm. It blooms with simple pink flowers in late summer.
• Umka. Tall, up to 110 cm, the bush is decorated with large pompom flowers up to 8 cm in diameter, white or slightly pinkish.
• Stranger. Winter-hardy variety, blooming from the end of July. White at first, large flowers are gradually colored at the tips in a lilac color.
• Inspiration. Flowers up to 10 cm in diameter, double, have a scent. Bloom in September. Differ in winter hardiness.

A special place is occupied by border garden chrysanthemums. Their bushes do not grow higher than 30 cm and, without any formation, take a spherical shape.

The best varieties:

• Talisman - beet-crimson flowers;
• Barbara with lilac-lilac flowers.

Perennial chrysanthemums: the nuances of growing

Chrysanthemum is a southerner and few species have been able to adapt to our climate. Fine large-flowered varieties can only be grown in the south. Even the more frost-resistant Korean chrysanthemums can freeze out in snowless winters. The peculiarity of plants is that they do not like wet wintering, so drainage is mandatory for them. Another nuance - the chrysanthemum bush is short-lived and needs to be updated every 3 years.

Landing in open ground

In the open field, you need to grow varieties adapted for frosty winters. Zoned varieties and grown from seeds grow, bloom and winter best.

Soil preparation and site

The place for chrysanthemums is chosen sunny, fully illuminated throughout the day. Even a little shading will inevitably affect flowering, and plant stems will stretch out. It is necessary to provide for protection from the wind. The site should not be dry, but this flower also does not tolerate stagnant water.

The soil for chrysanthemums must meet the following requirements:

• be loose, any mechanical composition is suitable, except for heavy clay;
• it is good to let water and air pass through;
• have a slightly acidic reaction, therefore it is useful to add peat to the planting pit;
• be fertile - flowering will be scarce on lean soils.

Digging for each square. m make up to 20 kg of humus, 100 g of superphosphate and potassium sulfate, 30 g of urea. On heavy soils, sand is added for drainage.

You can not bring fresh manure under the chrysanthemums - the plants do not tolerate it.

How and when to plant?

Usually chrysanthemums are on sale in the fall, it is at this time that their flowering and compliance with varietal characteristics are visible. They are supplied in pots and therefore need replanting. But in the fall, it is better not to disturb the flowers, otherwise attacks in winter are inevitable. The plant gives all its strength to flowering, and there simply will not be any left for rooting. The best time to plant chrysanthemums is spring. In the southern regions it is held at the end of April or in May, while in the northern regions it will have to wait until the end of the return spring frosts.

• Plants are planted in holes 40 cm deep, on the bottom of which drainage must be placed.
• A handful of humus is added to each hole and the soil is shed well. Chrysanthemums are not buried during planting.
• The distance between plants is about 40 cm, between rows - 50 cm.
• It is necessary to provide a support for the bushes in the form of strong pegs, to which the plants are tied.

Chrysanthemum care

For plants to be healthy and bloom well, they need to be properly cared for. The first thing that is done after rooting the cuttings is to pinch the top for better tillering. After 3 weeks, the pinching is repeated, forming a spherical shape of the bush. If the cuttings are received late, this operation is not necessary, such chrysanthemums are grown in a single-barrel culture. During the growing season, regular weeding, loosening of the soil, watering and feeding will be required.

Watering the plant

Chrysanthemums are sensitive to a lack of moisture, from this the stems become woody, and you cannot get full flowering. Excess water is also harmful - it promotes root rot. Therefore, you need to strive for the golden mean and focus on weather conditions. Watering is especially needed in dry weather and during flowering. Watered with settled water and only at the root.

Top dressing and fertilization

Feeding chrysanthemums requires both mineral and organic.

1. Every 2-3 weeks they are fed with a solution of mineral fertilizer. In the first half of the growing season with a predominance of nitrogen, in the second - phosphorus and potassium at the rate of 40 g per ten-liter bucket (this amount is enough for 2 sq. M of plantings).
2. 3 times per season, feeding is carried out with mullein infusion in a ratio of 1:10. Each plant will require a liter of solution.

All dressings are combined with watering with clean water. The next day, the soil needs to be loosened.

Post-flowering care and preparation for winter

This is the time to prepare for winter. In order for the wintering to be successful, a number of activities need to be carried out.

• Plants are fed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
• The bushes are pruned, leaving about 15 cm of the stem.
• They sprinkle with earth brought from another part of the site so as not to expose the roots.
• Cover with a layer of dry leaves up to 40 cm thick.
• Cover the top with a material that traps snow - spruce branches or dry branches.

Transfer

Chrysanthemums are short-lived. In the third year, the middle of the bush falls out, and the flowers become smaller.

To renew the bushes and give them new life, the chrysanthemum is divided and planted in a new place.

Transplant time is spring. The bush must be carefully dug out, shaking off the ground a little. Divide the plants with a sharp knife. Each section should have kidneys and roots. Further actions are the same as when planting cuttings.

Reproduction of perennial chrysanthemum

Perennial garden chrysanthemums reproduce by dividing the bush, cuttings and sowing seeds. The latter plants will be best adapted to the climate of the growing area.

1. Seeds for seedlings are sown in early March in a mixture of the following composition bought in a store or prepared independently: garden soil, peat and humus in equal quantities.
2. Drainage is placed on the bottom of the sowing container.
3. Perennial chrysanthemum seeds are sown superficially, slightly pressing them to the ground.
4. The container is covered with a plastic bag and placed in a bright place with a temperature of 25 degrees.

Immediately after the emergence of seedlings, the bag is not removed, but they do it gradually, accustoming the plants to fresh air. When the shoots acquire two true leaves, they are dived into separate cups.

Seedling keeping conditions:

• temperature 18 degrees;
• a lot of light, if necessary - additional lighting;
• top dressing every 14 days with a solution of complete mineral fertilizer.

Seedlings are planted in the ground after frost, trying to preserve the roots as much as possible.

With seed reproduction, parental traits are not preserved.

For spring cuttings, you need to dig up the plant in the fall, plant it in a pot and take care of it in winter like a house flower. Cuttings are harvested from young shoots 5 cm long, removing the lower leaves.Placed in a container with sand under a glass jar. After rooting, the cuttings are grown and planted in the ground.

Plant diseases and pests

When growing garden perennial chrysanthemums, you can encounter some diseases.

Fungal diseases:

• gray rot (brown spots on the leaves, covered with a gray bloom);
• powdery mildew (white bloom);
• rust (small specks of chlorosis).

All of them are treated by treatment with copper-containing fungicides, and colloidal sulfur is also effective against rust.

Viral diseases:

• mosaic (speckled spots on the leaves);
• Aspermia (misshapen flowers and speckled leaves)
• dwarfism (small growth, not corresponding to the variety, premature flowering).

There is no cure, diseased plants are destroyed.

The main pests of chrysanthemums: nematodes, meadow bugs, aphids. In the first case, the fight against the pest is impossible. The plant is destroyed. As a preventive measure, spill the earth with a solution of phosphamide. For bedbugs and aphids, you can try the treatment with infusions of onion peel or hot pepper. If this does not help, treat the plants with insecticides.

Chrysanthemums are one of the favorite plants of flower growers. This is due not only to their beautiful decorative appearance, but also to their relatively easy care. They decorate any flower garden until late autumn.

Fine chrysanthemums (cultivation and care)

Growing chrysanthemums is not difficult even for inexperienced gardeners. Well-lit areas with fertile soil of average texture are suitable for them. The soil should not contain excess organic fertilizers. When choosing a place for chrysanthemums, remember that they do not tolerate stagnant water. This plant is distinguished by its cold resistance and drought resistance.

Chrysanthemums reproduce by cuttings and division of mother liquors. Recently, the method of growing these flowers by sowing seeds in open ground and for seedlings has become increasingly used. Most often, this breeding method is used to breed rare varieties of chrysanthemums. Some experienced florists grow flowers by sowing seeds before winter.

Chrysanthemums are considered quite resistant plants to diseases and pests, but despite this, they can be affected by:

• Powdery mildew, a sign of which is a white powdery coating on all parts of the plant. This disease requires the introduction of a sufficient amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, regular removal of old leaves and root watering without moisture entering the leaves.
• Nematodosis, in which light spots appear on the leaves, limited by veins. Then they turn black and dry. Control methods: soil treatment with steam, disinfection with formalin or carbothion. Sick bushes are kept in hot water (55 ° C) for 5 minutes. After this treatment, they are planted in disinfected soil.
• A field or meadow bug that feeds on plant juices. Control methods: spraying with various insecticides (Karbofos, Decis, Fury).
• A spider mite that damages the leaves from the underside. Control methods: spraying with "Karbofos".

The following forms of chrysanthemums are grown in flower beds:

• Small-flowered, which have many shoots, crowned with numerous (up to 800 pcs.) Small inflorescences, 2-9 cm in diameter.
• Large-flowered, reaching a height of 1-1.2 meters. On their stems there are 1-10 large inflorescences.

Some growers use the biological characteristics of certain varieties of chrysanthemums to grow them in the winter under indoor conditions. To obtain flowering plants in January-March, late-flowering varieties with a budding period of 12-14 weeks are used. This method of growing chrysanthemums is very costly as it uses additional lighting.

How to grow chrysanthemums from seeds on your site?

The cultivation of annual and perennial chrysanthemums has recently become more and more popular.They can be obtained by sowing seeds in open ground at the end of April or in May. On the prepared beds, holes are made with an interval of 20-25 cm. Fill them with warm water and put 2-3 seeds each. The holes covered with earth are covered with a vegetable film. Thanks to it, the soil in the hole will be well heated and moistened, which contributes to the fastest germination of seeds.

When the first shoots appear, the shelter is removed. Caring for young chrysanthemums consists in regularly loosening the soil, removing weeds and applying additional fertilizing. A week after germination, they can be fed with liquid fertilizer, highly diluted with water. For this, preparations such as "Rainbow" and "Ideal" are suitable.

When the seedlings reach 5-10 cm in height, one plant is left in the hole. For this, the strongest specimens are chosen. The rest of the seedlings can be carefully removed from the ground and planted elsewhere. Chrysanthemums bloom 40-50 days after the seedlings appear.

Growing chrysanthemums from seeds using seedlings

Growing chrysanthemums from seeds can also be done through seedlings. At the same time, flowering occurs much faster. Perennial chrysanthemums are grown only in this way. In February-March, seeds are sown in small boxes filled with nutritious soil. For its preparation, in equal proportions, you can take soil from a greenhouse, humus and peat. Before sowing the seeds, the soil mixture is sieved and steamed at a temperature of about 120 ° C. Ready-made soil for flowering plants is also suitable for seedlings.

Drainage must be poured at the bottom of the boxes (expanded clay, small stones, broken red brick). Wet soil is poured on top of it. Seeds are poured onto its surface.

At the same time, there is a strict rule for their termination:

• the seeds of annual chrysanthemums are sprinkled with a layer of soil of 0.5 cm;
• seeds of perennial varieties are left on the surface of the soil, only by pressing them with the palm of your hand.

The earth is moistened with a spray bottle. The boxes are covered with plastic wrap. They are placed in a warm place where the temperature is 23-25 ​​° C. Crops are regularly checked, moistened and aired. The soil should not dry out. Shoots appear after 10-14 days. After that, the boxes with seedlings are placed in a bright place.

When 2-4 leaves appear, the plants dive into cups or pots. This will protect the chrysanthemum root system from damage during transplantation. Seedlings that are very elongated and weakened are not suitable for diving. After completing this procedure, the plants are sprayed with a solution of "Zircon" or "Epin-Extra". These drugs help the seedlings take root faster.

Caring for young chrysanthemums is simple. It consists in maintaining an optimal temperature of 16-18 ° C, regular watering and feeding. Plants are fertilized once every 2 weeks. If there is insufficient natural light, you may need additional. With proper care, the seedlings reach 15-20 cm in height in 1.5 months. When the air outside warms up to 15-18 ° C, the plants are transferred to the greenhouse. After the end of the threat of spring frosts in May, chrysanthemums are planted in a permanent place. Immediately after landing on the flower beds, the tops of the seedlings are pinched. When the lateral shoots reach a length of 15-20 cm, the pinching is repeated. Thanks to this procedure, dense, compact bushes are obtained, strewn with numerous inflorescences.

Cutting and dividing the chrysanthemum bush

The main way of reproduction of chrysanthemums is considered vegetative - cuttings. The breeding process begins with the selection of the best mother plants. After flowering, they are dropped in greenhouses or planted in boxes and left in a cool, dry place with normal lighting. Then vernalization is carried out - the content of mother liquors at a temperature of 1-4 ° C for 2-4 weeks. Then they are brought into a warm, well-lit room. After that, root shoots begin to grow actively on the mother liquors. It is cut into cuttings when 2-3 internodes are formed.They are planted in prepared boxes. The optimum temperature for their development is 16-18 ° C.

Reproduction by dividing the bush is less productive, but the easiest. Small-flowered chrysanthemums are most often used for division. The bushes are transplanted after 2 years, dividing them into several parts with young shoots.

Growing chrysanthemums at home (video)

Autumn garden decoration - chrysanthemums, this is a real joy for most summer residents. Already many plants are suitable only to cover the beds with their dry tops, and your flower beds continue to burn with gold. Of course, growing chrysanthemums outdoors is a very engaging experience that certainly won't hurt any grower. A bright, unpretentious flower with a tart smell is a generous gift from nature that will extend summer days.

Choice number one

Among the variety of garden flowers, chrysanthemum stands out. The selection of varieties is simply amazing, and each of them is very beautiful in its own way. No wonder she is called the queen of autumn. Today we will talk about how chrysanthemums are grown in the open field. It is not too difficult, bright flowers will willingly grow in almost any conditions. Having correctly composed the composition, you will enjoy the colorful splendor for many years in a row.

Varieties and varieties

Lush, fragrant inflorescences can not only add variety to the garden plot, they also change the life of the gardener. According to legend, they inspire optimism even in the saddest person. Growing chrysanthemums in the open field is a magical activity, and it is almost impossible to stop in the choice of forms. Every time you buy another bag of seeds, you are amazed at the magnificent color of flowers, their resistance, plant height, leaf shape, degree of terry. Moreover, over and over again purchasing sets of seeds of different varieties, you can be sure that they will not be repeated.

If you want to see a really bright and elegant flower bed, then you definitely need to combine different varieties and shapes with each other. Growing chrysanthemums outdoors is the same no matter which heads will delight you in the fall. The combination of curb and tall bushes in the background looks best.

Seat selection

Excellent growth and lush bloom - it all depends on you. Chrysanthemum is not very demanding, but very thermophilic plant. First of all, you need to choose a suitable place for her. It must be remembered that these flowers do not tolerate moisture retention and do not tolerate darkened areas very well. Therefore, the lowlands are more likely places for lily of the valley. Choose open, sunny areas that are slightly elevated. Dampness will cause the plants to die in winter, and lack of light will deform the green part.

Growing chrysanthemums in the open field for sale is even more interesting, since in the spring the plots disperse like hot cakes. However, the requirements for the conditions in this case are even higher. After all, you definitely need to get a good result. For excellent flowering and vigorous growth, a plant simply needs good soil. Only the optimal composition of trace elements will allow you to get powerful bushes with great heads. They love loose and permeable soil rich in organic matter. Therefore, if you want to prepare a place for plants in advance, dig a planting hole, fill up drainage and humus, on top - good, fresh soil. And during the warm period, be sure to make seasonal feeding. However, you should not be zealous. With an excess of nitrogen and phosphorus, the plant heals. You will have huge bushes without flowers.

Sale of cut flowers

This is a very lucrative business, so it is worth considering if you are seriously interested in growing chrysanthemums outdoors. Features of the variety Valentina Tereshkova, Alec Bedser suggest the formation of large inflorescences.Huge flowers on sturdy stems can keep fresh for a long time in vases.

Moreover, it is the large-flowered chrysanthemums that continue to delight us with bright colors even after the onset of cold weather. Here it is necessary to clarify: the warmer the climate, the easier it will be to grow such hybrids. Quite the opposite is the case in regions with a harsh climate. Where can you organize the cultivation of chrysanthemums in the open field without any problems? The Kirov region with a mild climate, without sudden fluctuations, is ideal. Here you do not have to stress the plants every time, dig them up in the fall and plant them again in the spring. Thanks to this, the bushes respond with stunning flowering.

In Siberia, large-flowered chrysanthemums are planted in large pots, which are dug into the ground for the summer. With the onset of autumn cold weather, they are transferred to a room where the temperature remains about -5 degrees throughout the winter. This will ensure a beautiful bloom every year.

Landing

Growing chrysanthemums outdoors for sale requires that you occupy a fairly large area of ​​your garden for growing. May is the best time to decorate a flower bed. Before the onset of cold weather, the plants will have time to get stronger.

In addition, it is very important not to plant the shrubs in bloom. In mid-October, such a planting is guaranteed to lead to the death of the plant. If you bought planting material late, then it is better to leave the flowers not in the open field, but indoors. A dry basement with a stable temperature is perfect. But they will not tolerate dampness and low temperatures.

Some gardeners specially arrange tall beds. There is one trick here that will allow the mother plants to overwinter well and wake up very early in the spring. The bottom layer of the bed is poured from fresh manure, and on top there is already a layer of fertile soil. Burning out, it will give a lot of heat, which will allow the plants to bloom until late autumn, and with good shelter, they will survive even in the most severe frosts.

We decorate the flower bed

With the onset of steady heat, a chrysanthemum wakes up in the street. Outdoor growing conditions should presuppose overwintering at their permanent location. For this, the gardener makes sure that there is no decay of plants, that is, a flower bed must be created on a hill. With the onset of cold weather, the roots of plants are mulched, covered with hay or sawdust. Top - covered with snow, and your plantings can safely survive the whole winter.

In the spring, with the onset of heat, it is necessary to remove all covering materials, after which the plantings will start to grow. If the planting material was stored in the cellar, at the end of May it is time to prepare it for planting. Just at this time, the first frosts end.

Planting must be carried out by varieties. Be sure to supply your flower bed with labels or other markers. A complex fertilizer is preliminarily added to the prepared trench, for example, well-rotted manure. All that remains is proper care. Growing chrysanthemums outdoors is not difficult, even an amateur can handle it.

So, the distance between the planted plants should be from 30 to 50 cm. The larger the bush is planned, the more space must be left for it to grow and develop. Planting and replanting must be done with a large clod of earth. Immediately after this, the soil should be watered abundantly with Kornevin's solution or any other preparation that promotes growth.

The climate of central Russia

In order for beautiful chrysanthemum flowers to turn out in the fall, in the summer they need to be provided with proper care, regular watering and feeding. The cultivation of chrysanthemums in the open field in the Moscow region is especially good. With high-quality shelter, they calmly endure frosts up to 30 degrees, and with the onset of spring they delight you with excellent flowers. Growing mother plants is very easy. We will now consider one of the options, and you will understand that any gardener can have a piece of the sun on his site.

These plants take root very easily. Growing chrysanthemums in the open field in the Moscow region is also facilitated by the fact that every year you can get new plants from some of the old or from green cuttings. Young root shoots, lateral shoots on old stems - all this is material for a new bush.

There is a little subtlety here. It is undesirable to leave plants in one place for a long time. We have already said that they do not like to be disturbed during the flowering period. This is true. But once every two years, they need to be planted in good fertile soil. Otherwise, it loses its attractiveness, the branches become woody. However, if the bush has already lost its charm, it can become the parent for an entire flower bed.

Growing technology in the Urals

The climate here is not so much harsh as it is unpredictable. Heavy snowfalls and frosts, winds and prolonged droughts - all this makes growing chrysanthemums outdoors in the Urals a little more difficult. To make life easier for the gardener, you can advise the following option. After flowering, the stems from the uterine bushes are cut with pruning shears. Hemp of 10-15 cm should remain. Bushes for the winter must be covered with peat crumb, along with manure. The height of the layer should be 10-15 cm. On top, for insulation, lay what is left after cleaning the garden. These are tops and branches. Snow will accumulate on them in winter.

Spring works

With the onset of spring, it is imperative to remove the tops and branches. But it is not at all necessary to sweep the peat. This is mulch and fertilizer, without which it will be difficult to wait for good flowering. After the root growth has appeared, it is removed with a pruner. Cuttings 6-7 cm long are obtained. They need to be dipped in Kornevin's solution and planted on a bed with well-fertilized soil, on top of which there is a layer of sand (about 2 cm).

It is imperative to spray and water the cuttings daily. From above, you need to stretch the film and be sure to organize shading from bright, sun rays. Do not forget to ventilate, and after 2 weeks your plantings will give good roots.

Young plants are planted in a permanent place in May, when the threat of frost has passed. Remember to water and mulch the soil well. As soon as the height of your plants reaches 15 cm, the most painstaking work begins. To get a tall stem with a lush flower, it is imperative to pinch all the side shoots and buds, leaving one. Moreover, the choice is not always obvious, the central one may turn out to be underdeveloped or ugly, so you need to carefully monitor your plant.

Gardening in Siberia

This is both a complex and very exciting process. Growing chrysanthemums in the open field in Siberia is quite possible, but additional tasks fall on the gardener. First of all, you need to choose winter-hardy varieties. It can be Cream or Raspberry early chrysanthemum, Pink Perlinka or Gift. They need to be planted on a high dry bed, but even this does not guarantee a successful wintering.

We have already talked a lot about growing chrysanthemums in the open field. Preparation for winter must be done very carefully. In autumn, the plants are cut off, covered with humus and covered with spruce branches. But even in this case, there is no guarantee that the flowers will successfully overwinter. It happens that the cold season is extremely mild. Then there is a risk that the plants will wake up very early and may die from excess moisture under the covering material. Another time, on the contrary, the ground freezes by 2 meters, which means that the chances of survival for chrysanthemums are even less. Therefore, the only option is to pick up the mother bushes in a cool place. It could be a basement or a garage.

In late autumn, when the first frost hits, the chrysanthemum is carefully dug up and placed in a 5-liter bucket. In this case, it is recommended to cut off the entire above-ground part. You can leave only lignified stumps with a height of 10-15 cm. The excavated mother liquors must be removed to the cellar and kept at a temperature not higher than +2 degrees.Somewhere at +4, chrysanthemums will begin to sprout, which is highly undesirable.

We grow a new variety

If you are lucky enough to get good seeds, you can plant amazing plants on the site, for which all the neighbors will come to you. Growing chrysanthemums outdoors from seeds is not at all too difficult. In this way, you can grow both an annual and a perennial, which will decorate your garden for a long time.

Both the first and the second should be planted in early spring. At the beginning of March, you should already have shallow boxes filled with earthen mixture on the windows. It is advisable to take a ready-made one, but you can cook it yourself. To do this, take greenhouse soil, humus and peat. All this needs to be calcined or steamed.

Now we start sowing. Annual chrysanthemums fall asleep to a depth of 0.5 cm, and perennials are simply left on the surface. Now the crops need to be watered, covered with glass and placed in a warm place. The crops are periodically checked and sprayed with water.

Planting in open ground

The gardener will have to tinker with his seedlings for a long time before they become beautiful flowering bushes. When the seedlings have sprouted, they are often very densely located. Therefore, as soon as the second pair of leaves appears, you need to make a pick into separate cups. When doing this, try not to wrinkle the stem. Now, caring for young seedlings is about timely watering. It is advisable to carry out hardening, that is, to take out the boxes to the balcony.

As soon as the threat of frost passes, you need to plant seedlings in open ground. Remember that chrysanthemum is very fond of light and warmth. Leave the dark corners to other plants, and give her a place in the middle of the site. It is in such conditions that she will reveal all her beauty. And one more thing: right after the transplant, you need to pinch all the tops. This is not the last procedure this season. As soon as the lateral shoots grow 15-20 cm, they also need to “remove their head”. Then you will get compact bushes with many inflorescences. They will delight you with long and very abundant flowering.

For newbies

If you are gardening for the first year, then growing small-flowered chrysanthemums in the open field will be an excellent option for you. These vibrant chamomile-like flowers will be a wonderful fall decoration for your garden. It should be noted that they are unpretentious and do not need warm winter houses in temperate climates. But in Siberia, you cannot give a 100% guarantee that your plants will survive the winter. If the ground gets too cold, then most likely they will not wake up.

To do this, you can leave 2-3 mother plants that can be taken to the cellar. And even easier - to sow annuals. They will delight you until the coldest days and even after the first snow they will remain bright and fresh. And then you can simply remove them and make room for new landings. In this case, you are not limited in your imagination. Flowerbeds may differ in shape and content every year.