Pear planting and outdoor care for beginners

The pear as a horticultural crop is in the top five horticultural fruit trees. Pears are not just delicious fruits, but they also have a wonderful (special) property. Allergy sufferers can safely eat them both fresh and processed. The perfect combination of grainy pulp with a pleasant aroma gives pears an exquisite taste. The amazing qualities of the pear fruit are revealed gradually. The entire aromatic and flavorful bouquet of the fruit appears only after ripening and "maturing". Pears are called a tasty medicine for the urinary system. It is the only crop that contains arbutin. A substance required for the treatment of the bladder and kidneys. Pear fruits contain a large list of trace elements and substances, the combination of which counteracts the deposition of salts in the liver and kidneys. Chlorogenic acids strengthen the capillaries and help remove bile from the body.

Pears on a branch

In general, the pear is the crop that should be grown in every country house. It is not difficult to grow it. The pear is not capricious, although it has features that must be taken into account when selecting varieties, growing and formative pruning. Recently bred varieties and hybrids of pears have made it possible to promote the area of ​​cultivation in the northern regions of Russia.

Choosing a place and planting a pear

The pear has several features. The culture belongs to the light-loving. It is tolerant of increased moisture content in the root area, but does not tolerate prolonged damp fogs. A few damp days and the pear gets sick with fungal and bacterial diseases. Therefore, in mixed country gardens, it is better to plant it in the outer rows, in the most illuminated places, accessible to the winds (but not drafts). When planting in lowlands, places with a high standing of groundwater, in drafts, pear trees develop poorly and quickly die. In areas occupied by a garden, it is rational to allocate a place for a pear on the southern, western or southwestern side. The pear is a cross-pollinated crop, so usually 2-3 trees of different varieties are planted.

Pear soil requirements

Like other crops, the pear grows normally and develops on fertile lands with good moisture and air permeability. The clay layer does not affect the development of the pear, which requires some moisture retention at the base of the root system. If the soils are physically dense, but depleted in nutrients, then a mixture is prepared from the upper layers of the earth when digging a planting pit, adding humus or compost for loosening, and mineral fat.

Planting period of pear seedlings

Depending on the region, the pear is planted in autumn or spring.Spring planting is preferable in the northern regions and central Russia with cold winter temperatures. Planting of pears begins in April, when warm weather sets in without recurrent frosts.

In the southern and other regions, with snowy winters and relatively long warm autumn, pear seedlings are best planted in the autumn. A sultry spring in warm regions often oppresses the seedling, causes the aboveground part to dry out and die. The optimal period for planting seedlings in the south is the end of September, the first half of October. With a long warm period, pear seedlings have time to take root and adapt to new living conditions. The culture does not like transplants, so the seedlings are planted immediately in a permanent place, especially 3 - 4-year-olds.

Preparing the soil for planting pears

The area for a pear orchard or individual plantings must be prepared in advance. For digging, compost or humus is introduced up to 10 kg / sq. m and up to 100 g of nitrophosphate or 50-60 g of superphosphate and 20-30 g of potassium salt. If the soil is acidic, add dolomite flour or 2 cups of ash each.

Preparation of planting holes

For the spring planting of pear seedlings, the planting pit is prepared in the fall. It is dug out quite capaciously - 70x70 cm and up to a meter deep. A 10 cm layer of clay is laid at the bottom of the pit on light soils to retain irrigation water or precipitation. A 10-15-20 cm layer of compost or humus (not manure) is placed on top. The layers are covered with a prepared soil mixture and left until spring.

For the autumn planting of pears, the planting pit is prepared 2-3 weeks before planting the seedling. In the same way, a pillow is prepared at the bottom of the planting pit, the dimensions of which correspond to the volume of the root system. In the center of the pit, a wooden support is installed, to which the pear seedling will be tied after planting. Planting a seedling in prepared pits is carried out as usual.

Digging a hole for a pear seedling

Preparing the potting mix

The soil mixture for filling the hole when planting pear seedlings is prepared from the upper most fertile soil layer, which is mixed with humus, compost or high moor peat, 50-60 g of nitrophoska or phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are added to a bucket of this mixture, 30 and 20 g, respectively, and about 100-150 g of wood ash.

Pear seedling preparation

For planting, it is better to buy 1-2-year-old seedlings. When buying, you need to pay attention to the quality of the pear grafting and the condition of the seedling itself. The bark should be smooth, uniform. The pear seedling itself is elastic, not dry. The root system is alive - on the cut, light, moist, shades characteristic of the variety. The day before planting, the roots of the seedling are dipped into a bucket with a solution of root or other root stimulant. It is also added to the water, which is poured into the planting pit.

Before planting, the central and lateral long roots are cut by 10-12 cm. If there were leaves on the stem, they are cut off, and the side branches are cut off. A ready-made pear seedling represents a shoot with a height of 75-85 cm without side shoots.

Pear planting rules

The roots of the prepared pear seedling are spread over a hill of soil mixture (in the pit) and sprinkled with earth. The stem of the seedling is shaken or slightly trampled in the pit so that there are no air voids. Having covered 2/3 of the hole, a bucket of settled water is poured (so that it is not too cold). After absorbing water, continue filling the planting pit to the top. Be sure to monitor that the root collar of the pear seedling is 3-4-5 cm higher than the soil. The root collar is located above the first roots and differs in the color of the bark on the stem.

The transition from the greenish bark of the trunk to the light brownish roots is the location of the root collar.

If the pear seedling is grafted, then the grafting site is above the root collar (for beginner gardeners). After finishing planting, the soil is lightly tamped with hands, a roller 3-5 cm high is prepared in a circle with a diameter of 40-50 cm, where another 1-2 buckets of water are poured.After soaking, the soil around the trunk is mulched, not reaching the central shoot 8-10 cm. At the end of planting work, a young pear seedling is tied to a support through a figure of eight. The entire warm period of autumn or, with spring planting, the entire growing season, the soil is mulched after watering. Mulch should not envelop the trunk of the pear: rotting of the young trunk may begin.

Pear care

Under the crown of a young pear seedling and subsequently under an adult tree, it is necessary to constantly keep the soil free of weeds. The best neighbor for a pear is the apple tree. It is undesirable to plant rowan trees next to the pear, as they are affected by the same types of pests.

Pears, even winter-hardy ones, planted in regions with prolonged frosts, at a young age need winter shelters. The trunk of a young tree is wrapped in burlap or other materials pretreated with anti-mouse drugs (diesel fuel, dust, birch tar). Straw mixed with stems of blackroot, wormwood, tansy, black elderberry, red, grass, mint and others that scare away mice is used as a heater. The lower end of the insulation is buried 3-4 cm into the soil and in winter, freshly fallen snow is trampled around.

Planting a pear tree

Watering pears

In the first year, pears are watered once a week. Enough 1-2 buckets per plant. In subsequent years, the water rate is increased, and the irrigation time is reduced to 1 - 2 per month. 1-2 grooves are dug around the tree, which are filled with water from a hose. It is preferable to irrigate adult pears by sprinkling. After watering, loosening and mulching are mandatory. The plant needs oxygen and a moist, crust-free soil surface.

Pear feeding

The pear does not like high amounts of nitrogen. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizers are applied annually in small doses in the first 2-4 years when the leaves are blooming. In the future, nitrogen fertilization is carried out only with obvious nitrogen starvation, when the tree is lagging behind in growth, the annual growth is insignificant, the leaves are clarified (the exception is the varietal color of the pear), the leaf plastic is not sufficiently developed.

For fertilizing pears, organic matter is applied once every 3-4-5 years, depending on the fertility of the soil. Mineral fertilizing, including micronutrient fertilizers, is necessary for the culture annually due to the large removal of nutrients by the crop.

It is most rational not to scatter organic and mineral fertilizers over the soil surface, but to apply them into shallow trenches dug around the crown of the tree. In the year of introducing organic matter, a phosphorus-potassium mixture is first introduced into the trench, respectively, 40 and 20 or 60 and 30 g per linear meter, depending on the age of the pear, mix it with the soil so as not to burn the roots, then cover it with humus or compost on top (0 , 5 buckets) and cover with a layer of soil. In other years, you can limit yourself to the introduction of a full complex fertilizer with a minimum nitrogen content.

Gardeners often use nitrophoska or kemira, which also contains a number of trace elements. Instead of microelements, at the beginning of the growth phase of the fruits, 1-2-3 glasses of wood ash can be added under the tree under the crown circumference for loosening. Under the autumn digging, a complete mineral fertilizer is applied, humus can be added or individual recommendations for a specific crop variety can be used.

It is good to use green manure green manure in garden plantings. Siderata can be sown in the aisles and mowed or left until spring for digging.

Protecting pears from pests and diseases

Pears, like other pome fruit crops, are affected by fungal, bacterial and viral diseases and pests - sucking and gnawing. Moreover, diseases affect separately pear leaves and fruits.

In order to harvest a full-fledged crop, crop protection should be started in early spring, using all recommended agrotechnical measures, and carried out before harvesting.Preventive protection measures play a huge role in maintaining the health of the pear, and therefore in obtaining a high-quality harvest.

Growth direction of young fruit trees

Preventive actions

Preventive and agrochemical protection measures include: maintaining a site without weeds, timely fertilizing, watering, processing trees. Timely cleaning of volunteers and leaf litter. All leaves are taken outside the garden area and used: healthy ones - for laying on compost, for digging, and the sick ones burn or put them in a separate compost pit for decay, pouring or spilling solutions against diseases in layers. When pruning is carried out, all waste should be taken out and incinerated. Trees after complete leaf fall, treat with copper or iron sulfate (2-3%) or 3% Bordeaux liquid. Repeat the treatment in the spring until the kidneys wake up from the winter rest. Timely and high-quality implementation of preventive measures reduces the likelihood of diseases or damage to trees by pests up to 70%.

Types of pear diseases and protection measures

The pear is affected by diseases common to other seed crops. The most common and harmful are:

• scab (leaves and fruits),
• moniliosis (leaves and fruits),
• black cancer (leaves and fruits),
• stem rot (cytosporosis),
• fire blight,
• powdery mildew,
• rust of leaves,
• white spot (septoria),
• milky shine.

Of the protection measures, the most safe in private estates is the processing of horticultural crops with biological products. They can be used for treatments during the entire growing season, from leafing to harvest, and some biological products are used to process fruits during winter storage to prolong their preservation.

Some hurry gardeners use chemicals. Yes, using chemicals, 2 or 3 treatments are enough and the disease will be defeated, but ... If chemicals are used incorrectly or inaccurately, you can get poisoning and damage to internal organs both for the handler himself and family members, cause the death of pets and useful insects.

Therefore, against diseases, it is practical and safe to use the following biological products in tank mixtures: trichodermin (glyocladin), phytolavin, gamair (bactericide), planriz, pentophage-C, phytosporin-M, pharmayod, alirin-B, gaupsin. The latter drug has a double effect. It is a good fungicide and insecticide. All of these biological products interact well in tank mixtures and are drugs of a wide spectrum of action, destroying up to 4-9 types of diseases. They destroy, in particular, fungal, bacterial and viral infections.

The use of biological products to protect pears from pests

The main pests of pears are:

• green aphid,
• moth,
• leaf beetle (pear honeydew),
• pear tick
• leaf roll and others.

To effectively protect the pear from pests, it is enough to have 2 biological products in the garden medicine cabinet - actofit (acarin) and bitoxibacillin. These 2 biological products destroy almost all of the above-named pests. Biological products fitoverm, verticillin, lepidocid are also effective. Bioinsecticides and biofungicides can be used in tank mixes. Mixtures can reduce the number of treatments and increase their efficiency.

Using biological products it is necessary:

• strictly follow the recommendations when preparing working solutions; when spraying, adhesives (soap, etc.) should be added to the solution,
• carry out treatments only in warm weather (air temperature not lower than +16 .. + 18 ° С) biological products are effective up to + 32 ° С,
• processing should be carried out after 7-12 days, unless otherwise recommended,
• the effect of the biological product is manifested on days 3-6 under optimal conditions; if precipitation has passed, abundant dew falls, the treatments must be repeated.

Pear tree in bloom

Pruning pear

Pear pruning is one of the main techniques for obtaining a high yield of good quality. There are 3 types of trimming:

• formative,
• sanitary support,
• anti-aging.

Formative pear pruning

Formative pruning is used in the first years of growth and development of the seedling. It aims to create a crown. Pears form high yields, but with an incorrectly formed crown, skeletal branches can break off, the tree will bend or develop one-sided. There are quite a few types of forming pruning in pear gardening - palmette, column, pyramid and others. To correctly form the crown, it is better to invite a specialist. With self-formative pruning, the most accessible and easy-to-perform types are usually used:

• tierless,
• whorled-tiered or sparsely-tiered.

When forming the crown of a pear, several rules must be strictly observed:

• the main skeletal branches should be directed evenly in different directions,
• the angle of divergence of the skeletal branch (first tier) from the stem must be obtuse and be at least 90-120 degrees,
• the optimal number of skeletal branches during tiered formation is 3-4 in the first and 2-3 in the second,
• the branches of the second tier should always be positioned so that they grow in the free space of the branches of the first tier so as not to shade it.

Non-tiered pear crown formation

The next year after planting, in the bud swelling phase, all shoots are cut off on the central stem to a height of 40-45 cm. This is a bole. The branches of the crown will be located above. A well-developed eye is left at the top of the trunk. This will be the lowest first tier skeletal branch. From this bud, measure 25-30 cm and find the next bud for the second skeletal branch. It is necessary that this bud is located in a spiral shape on the other side of the central shoot and, as it were, balances the future load of branches with fruits. If the height of the pear seedling allows, you can arrange in a spiral and the third bud - the third skeletal branch and leave the continuation shoot. He is the leader and ensures the growth of the culture. So that the tree is not too tall (preferably no more than 3 m), over time, the central shoot is shortened by 20-25-35 cm and the nearest well-developed bud or branch is left in the lead. With this method, the pear stops growing in height. With this crown formation, all branches between the main skeletal branches are cut into a ring. Form 2-3 shoots of the second order. Adhering to the same rules - uniform load of the tree from different sides. In subsequent years, they perform sanitary, thinning and rejuvenating pear pruning.

Whorled-tiered pear crown formation

1st year after planting.

In the spring, in the phase of bud swelling, a pear stem with a height of 40-45 cm is formed. All lateral shoots on the stem are cut into a ring.

Then measure on the central shoot up from the stem 70-90 cm for the first tier. In this space, 3-4 of the most developed pear buds are noted, located every 15-25 cm on opposite sides of the central stem (after 90-120 degrees). These branches are cut 1 / 2-1 / 3 so that they are about the same length. The remaining intermediate branches are removed to the ring. Some gardeners cut short and leave them on the fruitful link.

After 15-20 cm above the third bud of the first tier, the central shoot of the pear is cut off, which serves to continue the growth of the tree.

2nd year after planting

The formation of the first tier of the pear crown is completed. The central stem and skeletal branches are not touched. The growth of the central stem between the skeletal branches of the first tier is removed on a ring. Lateral shoots on the central trunk above the first tier are shortened.

3rd year after planting

In the spring, in the phase of bud swelling, about 40-45 cm are measured from the upper skeletal branch of the first tier and all pear branches are cut into a ring.

From the blossoming buds, 2 buds are selected higher along the central shoot, located 20-25 cm from each other on different sides.By their location on the central shoot, they should not coincide with the branches of the first tier, so as not to shade them in the summer. The branches of the second tier of pears are placed in intervals in relation to the skeletal branches of the first tier.

All branches between the skeletal branches of the second tier are also removed or shortened, as in the formation of the first tier. Skeletal branches are cut by 1/3, leveling in length. The central stem is shortened by 15-20 cm.

4th year after planting

The central stem of the pear is shortened to a side branch to weaken the upward growth of the tree. Pruning is carried out at a level of 40-45 cm from the upper skeletal branch of the second tier. Shorten all skeletal branches by 1 / 3-1 / 4 and some branches that grow between tiers. The rest of the growth in tiers, on the trunk and thickening tiers, is removed on the ring.

5-6 years after planting

By this time, the height of the pear reaches 2.5-3.5 m. Above the upper skeletal branch, the central conductor must be cut so that the tree stops growing upward.

In the formed crown, branches of the 2nd order should be at a distance of 90-100 cm from the central trunk and 50-60-70 cm from each other.

With normal growth of adult trees, thinning of the crown is carried out after 5-6 years (if necessary, the branch is cut into a ring) and limiting pruning of skeletal and semi-skeletal branches of the pear. Growth and branches shorter than 25-30 cm are not cut or shortened, they are left for fruiting.

In order for the tree to form correctly, it is necessary to create a strong crown, on the skeletal branches of which annual growth and fruit links will develop. To do this, at the beginning of summer (July 10-20), pears are tied, without tightening, a strong twine to the middle of 1-2 summer skeletal branches, a strong twine is tied down and tied to the central trunk. The skeletal branch should form a horizontal line and not bend into an arc. The next year, the same procedure is performed with the skeletal branches of the second tier. The branches are in the tied state until lignification. The twine is removed, and the pear branches remain in a horizontal position. Some gardeners tie the lower end of the string to heavy objects at the base of the trunk (bricks, cauldrons, etc.). With this method of bending, you need to monitor the maintenance of the horizontal arrangement of the branches. Some gardeners cut branches with a small angle of deflection annually on the outer bud. The skeletal branches of the second tier of a pear subordinate to the length of the branches of the first tier (they are left shorter).

Sanitary Supportive Pear Pruning

Pruning is carried out annually after leaf fall and in early spring. The main goal is to remove thickening, growing inward crowns and diseased branches. Regulate the growth of skeletal branches. With spring pruning, the annual growth of the previous year is shortened.

Rejuvenating pear pruning

Rejuvenating pruning of pears is carried out when the tree is heavily thickened, the annual growth is greatly reduced. Skeletal and semi-skeletal branches of the culture on both tiers are barely covered with overgrown branches and stand bare. During this period, the crown is strongly lightened, removing some skeletal branches. The central trunk of the pear is shortened to a lateral branch, which allows redistributing nutrients to the longline branches and overgrown branches. Shortening and thinning contributes to a more intensive supply of nutrients to the fruit-forming branches, which contributes to an increase in fruit set and an improvement in their quality indicators.

Pear varieties for different regions of Russia

The varietal variety of pears selected in recent years has made it possible to promote the culture even to the northern regions with frosty winters. The success of growing and obtaining good yields of excellent quality depends on correctly selected zoned varieties and crop hybrids. For the northern regions, it is necessary to select frost-resistant varieties of pears with an early ripening of fruits.

For the northern regions, frost-resistant varieties of pears are most common: "Cathedral", Severyanka, Fields, Lada, Otradnenskaya.

In the Moscow region and other regions of central Russia, good harvests are formed by pear varieties: Lada, Bugristaya, Chizhovskaya, Tenderness, Moskvichka, Skazochnaya. Muscovites especially distinguish the Skazochnaya variety for its large-fruited and keeping quality, good taste and transport qualities. The Chizhovskaya pear variety is self-fertile, does not require a partner for pollination, is resistant to fungal diseases and begins to bear fruit early. Good yields are formed by the pear varieties "Prosto Maria", "Avgustovskaya dew" and others.

In the southern regions, the varietal variety of pears is much greater than the northern ones. Here, varieties are grown that form the harvest from July to late autumn (October). The best for dacha cultivation gardeners consider early ripe pear varieties "Ilyinka", "Lastochka", "Melting". Of the late winter varieties, the Dicolor pear variety is necessarily grown, it ripens in October and is stored until January. The fruits are large, bright, juicy. High-quality harvests are obtained from pear varieties "Summer Duchess" and "Lyubimitsa Klappa", "Rosie Red Bartlet" and others.

Sweet juicy pears from your garden are not every gardener's dream? Planting a pear tree in a suburban area is not at all difficult. We propose to figure out what are the features of planting pears.

The bright and rich taste of pear fruits, perhaps, cannot be compared with anything else. The pear contains a lot of vitamins (A, B1, B2, E, C) and nutrients: folic acid, iodine, potassium, carotene, etc.

Pear planting dates

Planting apple and pear seedlings can occur both in the spring and in the autumn. The time for planting pears depends on the climatic conditions typical for a particular area.

The northern regions are used to planting pears in spring (late April - early May), while in the southern regions, where spring is usually early and very warm, it is preferable to plant pears in autumn (late September - first half of October). Planting pears in spring gives the seedling time to get stronger, gain strength before wintering, and autumn planting will harden the plant and help it adapt to difficulties in the future.

How to choose a pear for planting?

One of the rules for buying good planting material is not to trust “spontaneous” markets, where instead of a healthy seedling of the desired variety, you risk buying a low-quality product. It is much wiser to contact a specialized nursery. Even if the seedling turns out to be of poor quality, you can return it to the seller.

Selecting seedlings for most plants, including pears, is much more attractive in the fall. But spring is a good time to save a lot on the purchase of planting material, because at the beginning of the season the market is traditionally filled with "leftovers": sellers, trying to get rid of slow-moving goods, sell them at a discount.

It is best to choose annual seedlings as they take root better. Unlike an apple tree, a pear seedling can have branching even at such a "young" age: usually it is 1-2 branches up to 12 cm long. Pay attention to the appearance of the planting material: a healthy seedling has a smooth bark, elastic moist roots, there is no damage, and if the bark is pry a little, you will see bright green wood under it.

It is recommended to prune the pear when planting, shortening the long roots by 10-12 cm. Also, the leaves of the seedling need to be cut off, if any.

• How to buy quality apple and pear seedlings?

  We study in detail the signs by which you can determine a good apple and pear seedling.

Planting pear seedlings: preparation

When choosing a place for a tree in your garden, do not forget that a pear loves well-lit areas protected from strong winds.If there is an unoccupied hill in your garden, plant a pear there: this plant has a deep root system, so that the roots will have much to reach. The ideal soil for pears is clay and loamy.

Pear planting scheme
Pear type	Distance between seedlings, m	Distance between rows, m
Tall varieties	4-5	6-7
Medium-sized varieties	4	5-6
Low-growing varieties	3,5-4	5
Columnar varieties	0,4-0,5	1,25

A pit for planting pears is harvested in the fall: for autumn planting no later than 2-3 weeks before the start of planting work, for planting in the spring - before the onset of frost. The soil is dug onto a shovel bayonet, adding 4-6 kg of organic matter, 10-15 g of potassium sulfate, 30-60 g of superphosphate per 1 square meter (if the soil is too acidic, add 0.3-0.5 kg of lime or 1 tbsp. ash). Then a hole is dug (90-100 cm deep and 70-80 cm in diameter), folding the top layer of soil separately from the bottom one.

It is necessary to prepare the soil mixture in advance by mixing 50-60 g of nitrophoska (can be replaced with 20-30 g of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer), 150 g of ash and 2-3 kg of compost or humus. This fertilizer is applied when planting pears mixed with fertile soil, after the bottom of the planting pit has been loosened with a shovel.

Planting a pear tree

So, the seedling is purchased, the pit is ready, the soil mixture is prepared - let's start planting! At the bottom of the pit, pour a small hill of the mixture and fertile soil, place a seedling in the center of the pit, spreading the roots along the mound. While holding the plant, fill the hole 2/3 full with the mixture and pour 10 liters of not too cold water. When the moisture is absorbed, continue pouring the mixture with the soil so that the root collar of the seedling (the place where the root system passes into the aerial part) rises 3-5 cm above the ground.

Tamp the earth and form a low earthen roller around the perimeter of the tree, then pour 2 buckets of water under the pear again. Mulch the soil (leaving 10 cm around the trunk), install a support (2 wooden pegs) next to it and carefully tie a young tree to it.

Planting a columnar pear

Dwarf pear shapes with a columnar crown type are compact in size and unusual in appearance. In shape, the crowns of such trees (with a certain method of formation) resemble columns, which is widely used in landscape design.

To grow such a tree on your site, it is enough to follow the standard rules for planting pears, making a "discount" only for smaller seedling sizes: for example, trees need to be planted at a distance of 0.4-0.5 m from each other (1.25 m - between rows).

• Columnar pears - photos and descriptions of varieties

  6 proven Column Pear varieties for your garden.

Caring for a pear after planting

Watering the pear after planting should be done regularly throughout the season. It is convenient to do this with a watering hose, putting its end in the near-trunk circle, but such watering will be effective only after the earth has compacted, and before that, water the soil in the near-trunk circle from a watering can. After each watering (about 3 buckets per 1 square meter), the soil must be loosened so that it is easier for oxygen to reach the roots.

In the first year of fertilization under a young pear, it is not necessary to apply, but in the second year of the tree's life, organic matter can be added to the trunk circle (then repeat the procedure every 2-3 years) and mineral fertilizers (every autumn). Fertilization rate under a pear (per 1 square meter of the trunk circle):

• 40-50 g superphosphate;
• 8-9 kg of humus;
• 25 g of potassium chloride.

Pruning the pear sapling after planting is necessary to restore the balance between the roots and the above-ground part of the stressed plant. In the spring, shorten the branches by ¼ of the length - this will be enough for the first pruning. In the future, carry out regular pruning of pears for 5-6 years.

• 8 rules for pruning pears

  The quality and quantity of the harvest will also depend on the shape of the crown of the tree. Here's how to prune a pear correctly.

Having correctly planted the pear and provided it with timely watering and annual pruning, showing care, you will receive a good harvest of tasty fruits "in gratitude" from the tree. But do not forget - the enemy (read: pests and diseases of fruit) does not sleep, but how to protect the garden from him, find out in our material:

• Apple and pear protection measures

  A useful calendar for the processing of trees in the garden.

The pear is a popular fruit tree that delights gardeners with delicious fruits. In care, it is quite demanding, so beginners often have the question of how to plant a pear and take care of it. First of all, you need to choose the right time for planting and root the seedling. How to plant a pear, choose high-quality seedlings and care for them, we will consider in this article.

The best time to plant a tree

When choosing the time to plant a pear, you need to take into account the peculiarities of the climate in the region in which the site is located. In the south of Russia, where warm and sunny weather lasts for a long time, it is good to choose the right autumn period for planting fruit trees, because in summer the seedlings can simply die under the scorching sun. The best period in the north of the country for rooting of plants - spring. In April-May, warm weather sets in, the land warms up enough for sowing.

The most difficult choice is faced by the inhabitants of the central part of Russia. Therefore, they need to evaluate all the possible pros and cons of planting a pear at one time or another. Spring disembarkation is safer, the probability of frost return is much lower. In the summer, the tree can root properly, get enough nourishment and prepare for the upcoming winter. The best time to plant a pear is from early to mid-April.

The autumn planting also has its advantages: at this time of the year it is easier to choose a suitable seedling in special places, their choice is simply huge. Those trees that hibernate after autumn rooting get used to the climate faster and tolerate temperature extremes more easily. Some experienced gardeners combine the two planting methods and buy the best seedlings in the fall, store them and plant them when the spring warms up. It is best to plant them before mid-autumn., this is the right time.

Choosing the best site for spring planting pears

The pear tree is very fond of warmth, so the planting site should be on a plain, well lit and dry. Low-lying areas with poor lighting are absolutely not suitable for this, they are usually too humid due to groundwater. With the onset of frost, this can cause frostbite of the roots of the tree and its death.

The site must be light throughout the entire period of growth of the pear, therefore, next to it, you should not plan the construction of buildings and tall structures. You should also protect the pear from other tall plants, which can create shading with their foliage. Other trees must be at least 2 meters away. Remember that the pear tree grows for a long time, its life span reaches 90 years, and over the years it can grow up to 35 meters in height.

The planting site should be of the highest quality soil. The most suitable soil for a pear is a well-ventilated soil, fertilized with mineral supplements and capable of stopping and retaining excess moisture at the roots of the tree. It is not recommended to transplant a pear. during the entire fruiting period, therefore, the place for planting must be chosen carefully and once.

Choosing a seedling for planting pears

You can choose a seedling for planting in any season, the most important thing is that it is healthy, strong and subsequently becomes a tree with a high yield. The most suitable seedling age for rooting is 1-2 years. If he is older, it will be harder for him to adapt after landing. Such seedlings often die before they reach the first frost.An annual tree is an excellent choice for the southern regions of our country, in the center you can choose a healthy seedling at the age of about 2 years.

When choosing a pear seedling you need to take into account external characteristics:

• Elastic body of the trunk and branches in the crown;
• Number of root processes;
• Healthy appearance, no scratches, wounds and other damages.

Before planting a pear on the site, you need to prepare it. Dry twigs are cut with a garden knife and the root system is examined. It is better to pre-dip the roots in a bucket of water so that they are saturated with moisture, and leave there for 24 hours... Can be added to a bucket of water some honey, the nutrients in its composition will speed up the process of root formation. Just one tablespoon of honey is enough for a bucket of water. All this will help the plant to take root faster in the open field.

A hole for the pear must be dug so deep that the root collar is not completely covered with soil (this can lead to the death of the plant). The neck at the root of the tree is in the place where the roots begin and the trunk ends. It is slightly different in color from the rest of the bark: the desired place is darker than the entire root system.

How to properly prepare a pit for planting pears

Site preparation should be started in advance. If it is decided to plant a pear in the spring, then a pit for it can be prepared in the fall. So the soil is better saturated with water when the snow melts.

It is necessary to have time to prepare a place for planting before the onset of the first autumn frosts. In the central part of Russia, it is better to have time to finish all preparations before the beginning of November. So the seedling pit will be saturated with all the vitamins and minerals necessary for plant rooting, and the earth will acquire the necessary softness. There is one more advantage early preparation of the site: during the wintering period in the pit, all harmful bacteria and infections will die, the place will become safe for the young tree. It is important to take into account that during the wintering period, the soil in the pit will drop by about a quarter of its original volume.

When digging a pit for a pear, you need to remove the top layer from the ground and temporarily remove it nearby. The soil from this layer will be the basis for planting. The lowest layer, which is at a depth of about half a meter, does not need to be used... There are few useful substances in it.and it is considered infertile. The ideal planting depth for a seedling is 55 to 80 centimeters.

Alternate layers while rooting you need as follows:

1. humus;
2. clean river sand;
3. any phosphate fertilizer;
4. a layer of potassium nutrient fertilizer.

Before placing the last layer of mineral fertilizers in the pit, the pit must be watered abundantly. This is done in the following sequence: a bucket of water with diluted limestone is poured in, then they are filled with clean settled water.

Before wintering, the pit must be covered with a flooring..

Step-by-step instructions for planting pears in spring

• In the spring, you need to have time to plant a pear seedling before the onset of the growing season, that is, before the first leaves or buds grow on it. The most suitable time for this is from April 20 to May 10. Cloudy weather is more suitable for planting, you need to protect the young plant from direct sunlight.
• In a pre-prepared hole, a hole is dug into which the root system of the plant will be placed. Therefore, its size must be suitable so that the roots fit completely into it.
• Next to the hole, you need to drive a stick up to 50 centimeters high. A sapling will subsequently need to be tied to it.
• Fertile soil is poured into the pit, into which the pear root is placed. From above they are covered with the remaining earth and lightly knocked on it to compact. It is important to remember that the root collar is not placed in the ground, it must be above the soil.

It is recommended to water the rooted tree 2 times a month. When it stands steadily in the ground, it will be possible to tie it with a nylon rope to a stick prepared in advance.In order not to injure the young and thin bark of the seedling, at the place where the rope will be tied, you need to fix a piece of rubber.

As you can see planting a pear in spring is easy... There are many benefits to spring planting. If you follow all the rules for caring for a young seedling, the tree will grow healthy and will bear fruit for many years.

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In the gardens of our fellow citizens, the pear is a fairly common fruit tree. However, it is less popular than the apple tree, since it does not have a high winter hardiness. For this reason, it is only bred in warm regions. In the northern regions, its cultivation is an inexpedient occupation.

Pear: positive properties

Like any tree, it has its advantages:

• durability... Healthy can produce a good harvest of fruits for 100 years;
• the crown of the tree has a pyramidal shape... That is, its thickening does not occur as the tree develops;
• the pear has an amazing early maturity... After planting a tree in the ground in spring or autumn, already in the fifth year, the gardener can get the first harvest.

Planting pears in spring

Many gardeners who decide to grow a pear in their garden area most often choose the spring period for planting it in the ground.

The first task that needs to be solved is to decide on the pear variety. Preference should be given to zoned varieties. In this case, the ripening period can be chosen, focusing on your preferences. Another important point is choosing the right landing site. You also need to take care of the preparation of the pit. If you decide that you will plant the tree in the spring, then in the fall you need to carry out the necessary work.

Planting pears: choosing a place

So that the tree grows well and pleases with a large harvest, it is necessary to choose the right place for landing fruit tree. The best option is the illuminated part of the site, which has an even relief and, at the same time, is rather dry. In order for the tree to be fully pollinated during the growth of the tree, it is necessary to plant several varieties on the site at once, which bloom at the same time.

The optimal substrate for planting pears in the ground is loose, water and air permeable, which is able to retain sufficient moisture in the root layer. To achieve high results in terms of pear fruiting, seedlings should be planted in spring in soil that is rich in nutrients. It is better not to plant this tree in the lowlands.because such places usually have a high level of groundwater. In combination with the cold that prevails there in winter, planting a pear in a lowland can lead to the fact that its development will be extremely slow. When choosing a place for planting a tree in spring, you need to pay attention to the fact that there is no shading.

How to plant a pear correctly: when to plant

Experts recommend planting two-year-old seedlings in open ground. You can do this not only in the spring, but also in the autumn. If the gardener decides to plant seedlings in the spring, then it is best that all work is completed before the beginning of May, when the buds of the trees are blooming. Gardeners who live in the southern regions should not forget that spring comes very early in this part of our country, so it is best to plant a pear in open ground in the fall.

How to plant a pear in the spring: instructions

Before planting a tree in open ground, you need to take care of creating a planting pit in advance. When digging them out, they are guided by the size of the root system of the seedlings. Usually the pit for planting this tree has the following dimensions:

• width - 60-70 cm;
• height - 70-80 cm.

Doing earthwork it is necessary to leave sheer walls, while in one direction it is necessary to throw off the fertile layer, and clay and sand in the other. Pour into the pit:

• humus;
• turf;
• fertilizers. They should be mixed with earth.

Before planting the pear in the planting hole, it is necessary to drive a wooden peg about half a meter high. It should be located on the south side. This will prevent overheating of the seedling in the summer and prevent sunburn, which a young tree can get in the early spring period. In addition, the peg will ensure the stability of the seedling, which in the first two years of development is not able to withstand strong gusts of wind.

A fertilizer mixture is poured into the pit and a small mound is formed. Then it is necessary to place a pear seedling on it, while its root system must be straightened. The soil is poured in such a way that the root collar is 6 cm above the soil level, and the upper roots should be at ground level. To avoid voids between the roots of the seedlings when planting, hold by the trunk and shake it periodically, pouring soil into the trunk circle.

To ensure the rapid survival of the tree in a new place, it is necessary to add a small amount of nutritious soil under the seedling, to which are added:

• humus;
• calcium sulfate;
• superphosphate.

If the soil in your area is quite dense, then coarse river sand can be laid at the bottom of the planting pit.

Caring for a pear in the garden

Having planted a young seedling in open ground, further care for it consists mainly in its regular watering and the formation of the crown of the future tree. Particular attention should be paid to weeds that should not germinate next to the young seedling. In order to prevent this from happening, it is necessary to regularly engage in such a procedure as loosening the soil.

Weeds should be feared for the reason that they are a good breeding ground for aphids. And she really loves to eat the juice of young seedlings. Therefore, weeding the soil near young trees after irrigation is of great importance. The pear is susceptible to pest attacks. Therefore, after planting a tree on your site, you should learn how to deal with them.

In the first two years of life feeding the seedling is simply necessarybecause the nutrients in the soil are not enough. In order to avoid the state of drying out of the soil and prevent the slowdown in the development of young pears, it is necessary to provide the seedling with additional watering in hot weather. If it does not have enough moisture, then ripening begins faster, while very small fruits are formed. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the tree with the necessary care and follow all the recommendations that experienced gardeners give. In this case, the tree will develop normally, making you happy with a good harvest.

Conclusion

Garden owners grow seedlings of various crops on their land plots in order to have a harvest of fragrant fruits in the fall. Most people have apple trees. However, many are not limited to them only and grow a pear. For beginners who want to plant this fruit tree on their site, many questions arise. One of them is how to choose the right variety. Many are also interested in how to plant a pear correctly and when it should be done.

Those land owners who have a desire to plant this tree should know that a pear compared to an apple tree is a more thermophilic planttherefore, an attempt to grow a tree in the northern regions will fail. Before planting, you must choose the right landing site.

Spring or autumn are good times for planting this tree. If you live in the southern regions of our country, then the best time for disembarkation is the autumn months. The young tree should be planted in a well-lit area. The seedling pit should be prepared in advance. Its depth should be no more than 80 cm. Having completed the excavation work, a mixture consisting of upland soil, humus and mineral fertilizers should be applied to the bottom. This will ensure the normal development of the plant. Be sure to drive a peg into the mound.It will protect the seedling from strong gusts of wind, and also exclude burns of the young tree during periods of extreme heat in summer.

Before planting a pear, it will be useful to familiarize yourself with the recommendations of experienced gardeners in order to properly plant this fruit tree. In this case, the plant will develop normally and will delight you with a good harvest of fruits, subject to regular maintenance.