Forsythia planting in the fall and care in the open field

LayersCuttingsSeeds

Before planting this plant, you need to decide on its type, this is mainly depends on the climatein which the flower will grow.

Although all varieties of forsythia withstand frost up to - 10 degrees, many can freeze even under a winter shelter. And this subsequently has a bad effect on growth and flowering.

For example, Forsythia is greenest and hanging very susceptible to frost, it is better to grow them in the southern regions. Forsythia ovoid and European are the most frost-resistant species.

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Landing

Pits for planting this plant are prepared in advance. They are filled with the following composition: 1 part of humus, 1 part of sheet soil and 2 parts of sand.

If the acidity of the land on the site is increased, neutralized lime or chalk solution (300 - 400 g) or wood ash is added to each hole for planting (200 g).

Drainage is made of crushed stone and crushed bricks, the layer of which should be 15-20 cm. A layer of sand 6-8 cm is poured on top.

The distance between each plant should be 1.5 - 2 meters, the depth of the hole is 50 - 70 cm.Its parameters are 60x60 or 70x50 cm.It is better to plant forsythia in the fall, before frost sets in.

When choosing a place, it should be borne in mind that the plant will bloom in a few years up to 3m in height and 2m in width.

Freshly planted shrubs are watered abundantly and a layer of mulch is laid (peat, humus, rotted foliage), the branches are tilted to the ground, fixed with wire and make a shelter for the plant so that it can overwinter and not freeze.

Moreover, you need to cover all types of forsythia. For these purposes, materials are used through which air penetrates. This is necessary so that the shoots and buds do not vomit during the thaw.

You can cover the bush with needles. In the spring, the material is removed from the plant, the branches are straightened, and the flooring is removed from the leaves.

Although you can plant a shrub in the spring. When buying seedlings, it is advisable to choose them with a closed rhizome. In this case, they will take root better.

Ideal drop-off location will be where there is a lot of sunshine. But also the plant should be away from drafts and wind.

But a slight partial shade will not harm the plant either. Many flower lovers prefer to plant forsythia in the country because of its unpretentiousness to watering. This is important if it is not always possible to water it in a timely manner.

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Care

In early spring, before flowering shrubs you need to feed mineral fertilizers - 1m270 grams.

When the plant has bloomed and the next flower buds are laid, you can use the kemiru wagon (100 grams per m²).

If there is enough rainfall, then additional watering for the forsythia is not necessary.

It is better adapted to dry weather than excess moisture.

But still, if in summer there is a long sultry weather without rain, then once a month the shrubs must be watered with 10 liters of water under each.

After watering, the soil around the flower is loosened and compost is added.

It should be carried out regularly weeding forsythia... When weeding, it is necessary to loosen the soil with one shovel bayonet. This allows air to freely penetrate to the roots and nourish them.

At the beginning of spring, it will be beneficial for the plant mulching the ground around manure, which at the same time will be a top dressing.

The plant is very resistant to pests and diseases... When wilting, it is sprayed with zineb or foundation.

If nematodes are found, then the soil around the forsythia is disinfected with carbation. With bacteriosis, the shrub is uprooted and removed.

Pruning

For the first year or two, the young shrub is not cut off, except that the shoots that have suffered from frost. An adult bush is also relieved of frozen branches in the spring.

The main pruning work occurs in the summer, when the flowering period ends. Branches that have faded are made half shorter.

Old or dried up branches are cut off and leave only 5-6 cm from the ground level, from them new lateral shoots will grow in the future.

By pruning, you can shape the plant into a ball or bowl, and control the density and height of the shrub.

To activate growth and make the forsythia more lush in the future, it is necessary to cut it by 2/3 or even shorter once every 3 years. This is a kind of anti-aging procedure.

From the base, young shoots are activated, the number of which will be greater than before. So that the shrub does not lose its decorative appearance, it must be pruned every 3 to 4 years. If this is not done, the branches will stretch out and bloom worse.

Circumcision is performed in several stages.:

• removal of old coarse branches under the base (1/4 of the total);
• cutting off dead branches and thinning thick bushes;
• shortening of faded shoots by ½ of their length, taking into account the decorative type of forsythia.

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Reproduction

The plant propagates quite simply - by layering, cuttings, and less often by seeds.

Layers

This method is most often used because of its simplicity.

If forsythia branches bend to the ground, and they will come into contact with it for a long time, then they will soon take root themselves.

But it is better to monitor the reproduction yourself and choose the best branch, bending it to the ground and digging it in.

It is necessary to cut the bark in the place where the branch is dug. In the spring, when the shoot takes root, it can be transplanted from the main bush to another location.

In a year, the young forsythia will already bloom.

Cuttings

This method is also quite simple. Can multiply lignified and young shoots... Young green cuttings are cut in early summer.

To begin with, they are kept in a solution from the root for some time, they are planted with a priest in specially prepared soil and covered with a film so that create greenhouse conditions.

Already in the fall, the cutting will take root and take root well.

At this time, it can be assigned to a permanent place and covered with a ball of dry foliage for the winter.

Lignified cuttings are cut for planting in the fall. Their length should be up to 18 cm. They are planted in the ground 10 cm deep. Several buds are left on the surface. In order for the plant to overwinter, it is covered with dry leaves.

Seeds

This method is rarely used. The percentage of seed germination in the region of 40%. Them sown in boxes with soil in spring... The first shoots appear in a month.

During the year, young shoots grow up to 6 cm. In the second year they can grow up to 30 cm, they can already be planted in open ground and left to winter under a thick layer of leaves.

The first flowering of such a shrub occurs in the 4-6th year of life.

Forsythia is a good option for gardeners and summer residents. With this shrub, you can create a vibrant colorful fence. In addition, by giving it the desired decorative shape, you can organically fit it into the landscape design of any site.

A bright and sunny oriental guest - forsythia - a shrub, the first to bloom in an empty garden just waking up from hibernation. Forsythia (in other words, forsythia) is a shrub that grows up to 4 meters in height and reaches a diameter of 2 meters. In early spring, it blooms in an explosion of bright yellow, but in April its flowering ends. At the same time, he continues to decorate the garden all summer with its rich green or variegated foliage, turning into a golden-purple miracle in the fall.

Forsythia belongs to the Olive family. Breeders have done a great job on the plant and bred many varieties that differ in size, crown shape and leaf color.

Features of growing forsythia in the garden

In order for the flowering to be lush and long-lasting, forsythia must be looked after. One of the basic elements of grooming is pruning.

Forsythia winters well, provided that it is carefully covered.

The shrub is very fond of light, but is ready to live in a small shade, the main thing is that the place is not blown by the wind.

It will tolerate drought much easier than excess moisture. Periodic weeding and loosening of the soil near the trunk zone of the bush is necessary.

Landing in the ground

Planting forsythia is carried out in spring or autumn in pits with a depth of at least 60 centimeters and a width of at least 50 on the sides. This is due to the fact that the root ball must be dug to a depth of 30-40 centimeters. Since the bushes grow quite widely, the distance between forsythia plantings should be 1.5-2 meters.

Planting methods

Sand and peat are added to the hole prepared for planting the bush. If the soil is acidic, it is also good to add wood ash or lime. First, the bottom of the pit is drained with broken brick, large expanded clay or crushed stone. The layer should be at least 20 centimeters, then 10 centimeters of sand. At the end, soil is poured on which a forsythia bush is planted.Further, everything is completely filled with earth, compacted and watered abundantly.

Optimal planting time

The optimal time for planting is early spring with the end of frost and autumn before their onset.

Plant soil

The plant prefers slightly alkaline dry soil with the addition of leafy earth, sand and humus. In this case, the flowering of the bush will be more abundant.

Planting in autumn and spring

It is necessary to plant and transplant forsythia in spring or autumn, but there are differences in further care.

If planting is done in the spring, then care during the summer will be normal, without any peculiarities.

For autumn planting, soil mulching will be required. The mulch should be breathable so that the buds underneath do not rot when the thaw sets in.

Features of care for forsythia in the open field

Caring for the shrub is not difficult, but it is still impossible to leave the plant unattended. Forsythia needs weeding and loosening of the soil. These procedures must be done after watering. Moreover, you need to loosen forsythia thoroughly - approximately to a depth of 20-30 centimeters. This is necessary so that its roots can "breathe". After loosening, compost and dry soil should be scattered around the trunk.

Location and lighting for the plant

Forsythia feels best in a bright, sunny place. The main condition for her is that there is no draft. If there is no such place in the garden, then you can plant it in the shade - forsythia will tolerate it easier than the wind.

Many, trying to decorate their garden, plant hedges from forsythia, decorate the entrance to the site with it (with those varieties that have hanging branches, it is easier to place them on the arch frame above the entrance). The bright flowering bushes on the sides of the entrance to the house look very beautiful. If there are conifers on the site, it is worth planting a forsythia bush in front of them - it looks great against the background of their dark greenery.

Air humidity

Forsythia lives well in our temperate climate and does not require additional moisture.

How to water properly

What forsythia does not tolerate at all is excess water. It is better to underfill than to overflow. If the summer is not dry, forsythia does not need additional watering at all, it will have enough rainfall.

If the summer is too dry, then once or twice a month it needs to be watered at the rate of 10-12 liters of water for each bush.

Important! It is better to use settled water for irrigation.

Fertilizing and fertilizing plants

Fertilize forsythia three times per season. The first time is in the spring, when the shrub is just beginning to bloom. At this time, manure is scattered under the bush and watered with water. You need to spread the manure so that the lower branches do not touch it.

The second time, feeding is done immediately after flowering, that is, in April-May. This is due to the fact that the plant at this time begins to lay buds for the next flowering. Therefore, the quality of feeding depends on how this "sun" will bloom next year.

It is necessary to use mineral fertilizers at the rate of 70 grams per 1 square meter.

And the last dressing is done in the fall with mineral fertilizers.

Important! If the bush was planted in the fall, no spring feeding is done.

Pruning forsythia

Pruning is perhaps one of the most important elements of forsythia care. The splendor of flowering, and the appearance of the bush, and the duration of its life depend on this.

Pruning methods

Mandatory pruning is done in the spring and fall. After flowering, all old or dry branches are cut out, the rest are shortened by about half. In the spring, the frozen parts of the branches are necessarily cut off. If you cut off individual aged branches, leaving 4-6 centimeters from the ground, fresh shoots will go from them.

Anti-aging pruning can be done in the same way. Then all the branches are cut almost to the ground - they leave no more than 6-10 centimeters. But such pruning can be done no more often than once every 4-5 years.

Pruning can be done during the summer in order to give the bush a certain shape or in order to thin out its density a little. If this is not done, then it will be much more difficult to wade through the jungle of overgrown branches, and the quality of flowering may suffer, since old branches bloom poorly and reluctantly.

Important! Pruning is done only for mature plants. Very young bushes are allowed to grow and branch first.

Pruning in the fall

Autumn pruning is also carried out to remove old branches, but it is not decisive for the growth and flowering of the plant.

Forsythia transplant

Forsythia is transplanted most often in the fall. It is done using exactly the same technology as landing. Before the start of frost, the seedlings are carefully covered with dry foliage and spruce paws so that they can withstand the winter frosts well.

Plant propagation

Reproduction of forsythia is possible by seeds, layering, cuttings or dividing the bush.

Reproduction methods

Weeping varieties of forsitia, the lower branches of which lie on the ground, often root themselves. Sometimes they just need a little help. Propagation by cuttings and layering is the most commonly used propagation method. Seed propagation is more commonly used by breeders for species plants.

Propagation of forsythia by green cuttings

Green cuttings from young shoots are cut around mid-May after flowering has ended. Sequencing:

• the upper end of the cutting is cut straight, and the lower end is slightly oblique. The length of the cuttings should be no more than 10 centimeters
• cuttings are placed in oblique cuts for 8-12 hours in a root solution. It is necessary to immerse the cuttings in the solution by 2-3 centimeters
• cuttings are planted in a five-centimeter layer of wet sand to a depth of three centimeters
• The greenhouse with seedlings is covered with foil and watered regularly
• Before the onset of winter, the greenhouse with cuttings is carefully covered
• In the spring, ready-made plants are transplanted into open ground
• And only in the fall, the grown bushes are already planted in a permanent place.

Reproduction by cuttings is carried out in early June.

You can propagate forsythia and lignified cuttings. They are cut in November, tied into a bunch, and stored in a cold place throughout the winter. You can leave them in the garden wrapped in paper and sprinkled generously with mulch on top. They need to be planted in the spring in the same way as green cuttings.

Layers

To propagate forsythia by layering, it is enough to choose a good flowering lower branch on the bush, make a small incision on it and press it to the ground with the incision. From above, the branch must be properly sprinkled with soil and secured with something so that the branch does not rise.

Next fall, this part of the branch must be carefully trimmed together and the roots must be dug out together with an earthen lump. The finished new plant can be planted in a permanent place.

By dividing the bush

Dividing a bush is the fastest way to get a new flowering plant. To do this, the bush is completely or partially dug out, a part of the rhizome is cut off with a sharp knife and planted immediately in a permanent place.

Planting is carried out, observing all the rules described in the section "Planting forsythia in the ground"

Seeds

Seeds are planted in the fall, immediately after they are harvested, or in the spring. If the planting is postponed until spring, the seeds should be aged for two months at a temperature of +2 to +5 degrees.

The seeds are sown in containers filled with a mixture of leafy earth, sand and humus. There they grow throughout the year. After a year, they are seated in separate containers, and after two or three years they are planted in the garden in a permanent place.

Important! Bushes grown from seeds will bloom only at 4-6 years of age.

Forsythia bloom

Forsythia is good because it blooms very first after a long winter, bringing joy and awakening to life.

When the plant is in bloom (flowering period), the flower shape

Flowering begins in early March and lasts until about mid-April.Bright yellow flowers completely cover the branches almost from the base to the very tips. Small - no more than 2.5 centimeters - they are collected in inflorescences. The shape of the four-leafed flower resembles a bell. Flowers appear on the branches before the leaves bloom.

Problems, diseases and pests in the flower

In general, forsythia is quite resistant to diseases and pests. Diseases that can affect the shrub:

• withering. Can be treated with foundation;
• monoliosis. A symptom of the disease is dark spots on the leaves. In this case, the affected branches are cut;
• bacteriosis. The bush must be dug up and destroyed;
• nematodes. It is treated by treating the soil with carbation.

Popular species (varieties)

Intermediate forsion

A type of forsythia with the brightest flowers, which does not lose its decorative effect in the summer due to the lush green leaves. It is the intermediate forsythia that has several of the most popular varieties among flower growers, such as

• "Tetragold" - small, up to 1 m bushes with dark large flowers;
• frost-resistant variety "Goldsauber" - very large flowers, lemon color;
• Spring Gloria is a tall shrub with large flowers and leaves that turn yellow, purple and red in autumn;
• Melissa is a dwarf shrub, often used in the design of an alpine slide.

Ovate forsythia

Differs in good frost resistance. Shades of large numerous flowers - from bright to dark yellow.

Hanging forsythia

Delicate thin hanging branches, covered with large flowers, give the bush a delicate and slightly defenseless look.

Difficulties in growing a plant. Useful tips (Note to the flower grower)

• Autumn feeding should be carried out with fertilizer with the addition of phosphorus and potassium. Then forsythia overwinters better and the ripening of spring shoots will be ensured;
• In preparation for wintering, forsythia is insulated with spruce paws. In this case, large branches are left outside, and small and thin ones are pressed to the ground, fixed and covered with spruce branches, pre-mulching with a layer of foliage or straw.
• When pruning the bush, be careful not to cut too much. Otherwise, the bush will grow very quickly, but bloom poorly.

Answers to readers' questions

• Plant lifespan

Forsythia is a perennial plant that requires rejuvenation once every four to five years.

• Why doesn't the flower bloom

Perhaps the pruning was done incorrectly or the shrub grows in deep shade.

• Why do the leaves turn yellow (dry)?

The plant may be affected by one of the diseases listed above.

• Flower care in winter

Forsythia overwinters in the ground, the main thing is to properly prepare it for winter by carefully feeding it, mulching the near-trunk circle of the soil and covering it with spruce branches.

An ancient type of shrubs of the olive family, it blooms beautifully in early spring. Due to its decorativeness and unpretentiousness, it is widespread. Forsythia is not whimsical to care for, and planting it in open ground is very simple.

Description of forsythia

A brightly flowering shrub in early spring immediately attracts attention. Against the background of nature that has not yet awakened, the delicate golden bell-shaped flowers of forsythia remind of the arrival of spring.

The country of origin of the plant is China. Various species have a wide geography of distribution in the Balkan Peninsula, Japan and Korea. You can grow shrubs in the Leningrad region, Moscow and even Siberia. But in the latter case, they will need careful shelter for the winter.

Forsythia or European forsythia grows in height by 1-3m. In width, the shrub grows up to 2 m. After lush flowering, oval-shaped leaves bloom from 4 to 13 cm in length. Forsythia is cold-resistant, resistant to pest infestation and is easily cultivated in the middle lane.

Forsythia shrub flowers close up

Most popular varieties

Among the wide variety of varieties and types of shrubs, the following are most common:

• Greening. Distributed on mountain slopes in China. The plant is distinguished by its large size and erect branches. It has large dark green leaves. The size of yellow-green flowers is up to 3 cm.
• Hanging. The place of growth is the northern and central region of China. Cultivated in the Crimea, Moldova and the Caucasus. Hanging forsythia grows up to 3 m. The greenery of the foliage is yellow in summer, and in shades of purple in autumn. Flowers of golden color have orange corollas. It is considered the most beautiful species.
• Giralda. It is of North Chinese origin. Outwardly, the plant is similar to the European one. During the period of abundant flowering, the Giralda is covered with small yellow flowers that hide the shoots. The leaves are oval, dark green with a gloss above and pale below. It is winter hardy.
• Ovate. It grows in Korea, where the shrub grows up to 1.5 m. The flowers have elongated bright yellow petals. Leaves with a glossy dark green color have an oval shape and grow up to 7 cm. It is cultivated in the Non-Black Earth Zone.
• Intermediate - it is a hybrid derived from a dangling and verdant species. The shrub has a decorative appearance due to slightly hanging branches. Blooms in early summer. During this period, the bush is completely covered with golden yellow flowers. After flowering, leaves bloom, retaining their green color until autumn. The hybrid has several forms. All are cold-resistant and suitable for growing in the Non-Black Earth Region.
• Goldsauber. Popular view. It is prized for its large yellow flowers. Flowering period from mid-April. Flowering lasts about 3 weeks.

Landing rules shrub in open ground

Forsythia has good survival rate and growth. The best time for planting is spring or autumn, while there is still no frost. When decorating a garden plot, the shrub is assigned a place in the garden, along the fence or path.

A place for planting shrubs is chosen sunny or with a slight partial shade. Lack of light and heat negatively affects the plant and may not bloom. Dry soil is suitable for planting, because the plant does not require moisture. Sufficient for the growth of rain and melt water.

Duration of flowering forsythia is from 20 to 25 days.

How to plant a shrub?

The bushes are planted in prepared pits 50x50 cm and a depth of 60 cm.The pits are filled with drainage from broken brick or crushed stone with a layer of 20 cm.Then a layer of sand 10 cm is poured and a nutrient mixture of sand, peat, leaf earth in a ratio of 1: 1: 2 with the addition of ash (200 g).

When planting, you need to deepen the root by 30-40 cm. Sprinkle the seedling, compact and water the soil.

When planting several bushes in a group, the pits are located at a distance of about 1.5 m from each other.

In the case of a spring planting of a bush, it does not require special care. For autumn planting, mulching with "breathing" material will be required so that the buds do not disappear during thaws.

Freshly planted forsythia cuttings

Care rules after landing

The shrub is unpretentious to care for and not picky about watering. You need to water the plant only in drought 1-2 times a month, at the rate of a bucket of water per 1 bush. Moistened soil should be loosened and weeds removed. To ensure the flow of air to the root system, loosening is carried out on the bayonet of the shovel. The adjacent area is mulched with compost.

The plant needs feeding three times a season. At the beginning of spring, along the contour of the near-trunk circle, rotted manure in a thick layer and watered with water. In April, the soil is fertilized with mineral fertilizers, applying 70 g per 1 m2.

At the end of flowering, the laying of flower buds begins. During this period, forsythia also needs feeding. Use the drug Kemira-universal at the rate of 100 g per 1 m2.

Young plants do not require pruning, only in the spring they remove the frozen areas.

An adult plant is pruned in the summer after flowering. Dry and old branches are cut at a height of 5 cm above the ground. Faded branches are cut in half.By pruning, they give the shrub a decorative shape. Once every 4 years, rejuvenation is carried out, cutting the bush by 2/3. Pruning stimulates flowering and prevents the shrub from stretching.

Unusually beautiful forsythia bush near the house

Propagation by cuttings

The most common way of reproduction is vegetative. Cuttings are done in June. Twigs of 15 cm are cut and the lower leaves are removed. Treat with a stimulant. For planting, perlite or sand is prepared and planted in a greenhouse. Sometimes cuttings harvested in October are rooted. They are planted in the garden, buried in the ground to the second or third bud. Buried twigs for the winter are covered with fallen leaves. With the arrival of spring, the cuttings will begin to grow, and in the fall there will be seedlings.

Forsythia takes root well by layering. In summer or early autumn, young branches bend to the ground.

At the base, the twig is pulled together with wire. An incision is made in the area of ​​the bark that touches the ground. The shoot is fixed to the ground and covered with soil. After a short time, rooting will occur. In the spring, they are cut off from the bush and planted. Flowering occurs in a year.

Green forsythia cuttings ready for transplant

Sowing seeds in autumn

The seeds are harvested in the fall after ripening. In the last decade of March, they are placed in containers with soil, watered and covered with foil. Seedlings will be after 4-5 weeks. When the seedlings grow 5 cm, they are planted in a greenhouse or in open ground.

Young forsythia bushes with flowers

When sowing with seeds, flowering will be for 5 years.

Diseases and problems of growing

The plant is resistant to disease. However, wilting, moniliosis and bacteriosis are sometimes observed. For the treatment of wilting, spraying with 5% foundation is used. Unfortunately, bacteriosis cannot be cured. The bush will have to be destroyed.

Moniliosis disease manifests itself as brownish spots on the foliage. The fight is carried out by cutting out the lesions.

Forsythia is affected by a nematode. To eliminate the disease, the soil is treated with carbation.

Application in landscape gardening

Forsythia bushes are decorative and are planted in large alpine hills, hedges and individual plantings. When planted with muscari, it creates an attractive yellow-blue bloom. It goes well with conifers. Planting single shrubs against a background of blue and green spruce and juniper gives a beautiful composition.

With a slight investment of time, you can grow decorative forsythia on your site, which is within the power of novice growers.

The genus Forsythia belongs to the Olive family and is mainly shrubs.

The height of the species is mainly up to 3 m, the bark is brown-gray, textured, the foliage is simple, opposite, oblong, ovoid, with teeth, from 2 to 15 cm. Flowers are rich yellow, after flowering a flying box appears.

Forsythia species and varieties

Most often in our gardens it is grown European forsythia, which is a shrub up to 2 m high, foliage without teeth, its length is up to 7 cm, flowers are solitary, bell-shaped, golden yellow.

Forsythia Giralda this species looks very similar to the previous one, but its foliage is longer, and the color of the leaves is darker. It also tolerates frost worse, so it is not very suitable for growing in cold areas.

Hanging forsythia or drooping this bush grows up to 3 m, its crown grows widely, the branches droop. It has rather large yellow flowers that form bunches. There is a variegated form, as well as a form with purple branches and leaves while young.

Forsythia dark green or greenest this is a tall plant, the shoots of which grow up to 3 m. The foliage is densely placed, simple, oblong, rich dark green color, rather long, the flowers also have a green tint. Drought tolerant.

Average fortification or intermediate This is a hybrid species obtained by crossing the species of Forzitia drooping and dark green.The maximum height of this plant is close to 3.5 m, the foliage is oblong, with teeth, long, the color of the foliage is rich green. Flowering occurs by 4 years after planting, flowers form bunches of yellow color. It tolerates frost and heat well.

It has a lot of varieties due to its popularity:

• Goldsauber,

• Malukh,

• Linwood Gold,

• Golden time,

• Spectabilis.

Forsythia white or snowy relatively short view with oblong ovoid foliage. In summer, the underside of the foliage turns purple. The flowers are white, but have a yellow throat.

Forsythia oval or ovoid also a low view - 1.5-2 m. The bark on the branches is yellowish, and they themselves are quite spreading. The foliage is 6-8 cm, green in summer, and purple tones appear on it by autumn.

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Forsythia planting and care in the open field

Today, forsythia is widely used to decorate city streets and private gardens, primarily due to the fact that yellow flowers bloom in early spring, even before the leaves appear on the branches of the bush.

Planting forsythia should be carried out in the spring or at the beginning of autumn, with the expectation that the bush has time to take root before the frost, so be guided by the conditions of your place of residence. Light areas that are not blown by winds are good for planting, partial shade is also suitable, but the sun is still preferable.

The composition of the soil is also not critical, the main thing is that the substrate is not excessively wet and has an alkaline reaction. If the soil in your garden is acidic, then it must be dug up with ash to shift the reaction to alkaline.

The height and width of the planting hole should be approximately 0.5 m, and the depth 60 cm.When planting several plants, make sure that there is at least 1.5 m between them.A 20 cm drainage layer is placed at the bottom of the planting hole, then 10 cm of sand, then put mixed leaf soil, sand and peat in a ratio of 2 to 1 and to 1. Fill the hole so that after planting, the root system of the seedling is placed at a depth of 35 cm.

Next, the seedling is placed in a hole and sprinkled with earth, after which the soil is slightly trampled and watered well. In the fall, in addition to these procedures, it is also necessary to cover the area with mulch.

Lilac can also be used as a design for a garden plot; it is easily grown when planting and nursing in the open field. You can find recommendations for growing this plant in this article.

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Watering forsythia

It is not difficult to take care of this garden plant. If it rains from time to time in the summer, then you do not need to water the bush. If there is no precipitation, then once for a couple of weeks you need to pour a bucket of water under each bush.

After rain or watering, you should loosen the soil and get rid of weeds. You can cover the area with compost mulch, and the problem of weeds and loosening will disappear.

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Forsythia top dressing

Fertilizers are applied 3 times during the growing season. For the first time in the spring, compost is scattered around the bushes, but so that it touches the shoots, and strong watering is carried out. This fertilizer will serve as both a source of organic matter and mulch.

In the middle of spring, full mineral dressing is used, making 65 grams per square meter. When the flowering ends and flower buds begin to form, Kemiru-wagon is brought in 110 grams per square meter of the plot.

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Pruning forsythia

While the young bushes are only cut off from them, broken, frozen and dry branches. In large bushes, sanitary pruning is carried out in the spring, and after flowering, the shoots are cut to half, the old branches are cut off, leaving only 5 cm from the ground.

Formative pruning can also be done to give the shrub the look you want. To rejuvenate the bush, two-thirds of all branches must be cut off - this will set in motion the growth of young branches.

But we warn you that this procedure cannot often be carried out, otherwise the bush will become large, but flowering will disappear. The approximate frequency of anti-aging pruning is 4 years.

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Forsythia in winter

Preparing forsythia for winter, a thick ball of dry leaves is poured around the bushes, and the branches are bent to the ground and attached to it, and spruce branches are placed on top.

With the arrival of spring, the shelter is removed so that the buds do not trample. In snowy winters, a shelter may not be built.

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Forsythia propagation by cuttings

Forsythia is best propagated vegetatively. For this, green cuttings 15 cm long, which are cut in early summer, are well suited. The lower foliage is cut off from them, and the cuttings themselves are treated with a means to enhance root formation. Green cuttings are grown in greenhouse conditions in sand under diffused light, moistening the soil from time to time.

In autumn, woody cuttings can be rooted, while they are stuck right in the garden, so that there are a couple of buds above the ground. With the approach of cold weather, cover the cuttings with dry foliage, and in the spring they should begin to grow and by autumn it will be possible to transplant them to a permanent place.

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Propagation of forsythia by layering

You can also propagate this culture by layering. This is done according to the standard scheme - the young branch is tilted to the ground, slightly cutting its edge, and sprinkled with soil. Over time, roots will appear from the incision and next spring it will be possible to separate the layer from the parent and transplant.

This bush also propagates by seeds, but this process is complex and accessible only to specialists.

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Diseases of forsythia

This culture does not get sick very often, but it is still susceptible to some diseases and pests.

Fusarium wilting occurs due to infection with a fungus. The symptoms of this disease are yellowing of foliage, weak bloom or his absence, the general weakness of the plant, on the shoots and leaves it can be seen that the vessels are blackened from the fungus. Until the disease is developed, it is necessary to carry out several spraying with a 5% solution of foundationol.

With bacteriosis foliage becomes soft and turns black... Shrubs cannot be saved from this disease.

Moniliosis can be determined by brown spots on foliage... When a symptom appears, it is necessary to cut off all diseased parts, touching healthy tissue.

Occasionally occurs downy mildew... Wherein leaves are deformed, on them a gray coating appears... The diseased parts must be cut off and treated with Bordeaux fluid. To protect the bush from this disease, it is necessary to apply phosphorus-potassium fertilizers on time.

It happens that forsythia does not bloom... There may be a couple of reasons for this - too frequent rejuvenating pruning (note that if you have rejuvenated, then next year the flower buds will not come from and there will be no flowering either), lack of nutrients, frosting of flower buds in winter.

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Forsythia pests

Among the pests nematodes appear most often and are probably the most dangerous. These small worms slow down plant growth, make the roots thin and cause a general weakening of the bush, same the affected areas begin to turn yellow, but it is worth noting that most nematodes infect the roots, so the underground part will turn yellow.

Nematodes do not tolerate dryness and high temperatures well, but with a garden plant it is not possible to carry out the standard procedure for keeping the roots in warm water, as is done with indoor crops. Therefore, all that remains is the introduction of poisons, for example, Nemaphos, Phosphamide.

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Blooming forsythia, strewn with hundreds of bright yellow flowers, is impossible to miss! If the summer resident wants to be decorated with forsythia every spring, planting and care in the open field are key stages on the path to success.

Perennial shrubs, one of the first to break the monochrome of early spring, came to Europe from Asia and were named after the botanist who brought the first seedlings to the Old World. Today forsythia is the most popular type for landscaping and creating hedges.

How and when to organize planting and caring for forsythia in the open field at their summer cottage? What does a shrub need for friendly growth?

Conditions for planting forsythia in the open field

Forsythia is an amazing plant that changes its appearance every season. In the spring, these are branches devoid of leaves, but densely strewn with flowers. In summer, the bush is covered with greenery, which changes color to golden or purple in autumn. When looking for a place for forsythia, you should pay attention to areas where the shrub will be clearly visible and illuminated.

Although forsythia tolerate shade, in the sun the bush forms more dense and even. The plant is undemanding to soil fertility, but it develops better on soil with an alkaline reaction, good drainage. Culture:

• undemanding to care;
• has excellent frost resistance, simplifying the wintering of forsythia in the open field;
• tolerates drought well;
• responds well to haircuts and can be used for growing hedges.

There are two options for planting forsythia in the ground: in spring and autumn. In the first case, young shrubs immediately begin to grow after acclimatization, giving new shoots. Bushes transferred to the garden in autumn only take root, and begin to grow after wintering.

Timing of planting forsythia in the ground

The time for transferring seedlings to the garden is chosen depending on the region and the quality of the planting material. Many nurseries today offer young plants with a closed root system. Seedlings grown in containers are transplanted together with an earthen clod, so the roots do not suffer, the bush easily and quickly adapts to a new place of residence. And the summer resident is guaranteed easy care for forsythia in the open field after planting, whenever it happens: in spring, summer or autumn.

For seedlings with an open root system, it is better to plant in the spring months, when the threat of sudden frosts goes away, or in the fall, about a month before the onset of seasonal cold weather. During this period of time, the shrub will acclimate and be able to prepare for winter.

Since the climatic conditions in the regions of the country are seriously different, there is a significant difference in the timing of planting and caring for forsythia in the open field, in the Moscow region and, for example, in central and northern Siberia, where the heat comes later, and the summer is much shorter:

1. If you delay planting plants in the garden, their adaptation and rooting will be delayed, and the shoots that have dedicated over the summer will not have time to get stronger before the onset of frost.
2. Early spring planting threatens with the danger of freezing of the buds, tops of the shoots, and with severe frosts on the soil, damage to the points of growth and roots.

In autumn, planting forsythia in the ground also depends on weather and climatic conditions and can vary even within the same region, for example, as large as the Urals. If in the south gardeners live according to a calendar similar to that used by summer residents of the middle lane, then in the north the weather is much more severe and changeable.

Planting forsythia in open ground

Forsythia prefer dry, drained soil and do not tolerate stagnant moisture in the soil. Therefore, at the bottom of the planting pits 60 cm deep and 50 cm wide, powerful drainage is made from broken brick, expanded clay or gravel. It is especially important not to neglect this measure in areas with dense soil that retains water and where groundwater is too close. An example is planting and caring for forsythia in the Leningrad region.

A layer of sand and a previously prepared soil mixture are poured over the drainage on the basis of:

• 2 pieces of leafy land;
• 1 part peat;
• 1 part sand.

For each hole, 200 grams of sifted wood ash is mixed into the ground. The substrate is poured with a mound, on the sides of which the roots of the bush are spread. After filling the hole, the soil is compacted and watered abundantly at the rate of 10-15 liters per plant.In the fall, after planting forsythia, caring for the shrub consists in dense mulching of the trunk circle. This will help conserve water in the soil and protect the roots from hypothermia.

Mulch will help in spring, especially where summer comes quickly, and the soil dries quickly, covered with a dense, impenetrable crust.

Caring for forsythia after planting in the open field

An important advantage of forsythia is its simplicity and the absence of any special care. In the warm season, shrubs that grow rapidly with minimal care need:

• in irrigation, if there is no natural precipitation, and the soil under the plants is completely dry;
• in maintaining the cleanliness and looseness of the trunk circles;
• in a triple feeding;
• in a haircut that helps maintain the health and shape of the crown.

In hot dry times, the plants are watered abundantly once or twice a month, the field of which is loosened, weeded and mulched. Lowland peat mixed with humus and wood ash can be used as mulch. This composition protects the roots from overheating and is an excellent long-acting fertilizer. In addition, shrubs respond well to full fertilization before and after flowering.

In the second half of summer, you should not fertilize shrubs with nitrogen. It will cause active growth of young shoots, which, even with proper planting and caring for forsythia in the Urals, Siberia and in the middle lane, will not have time to ripen and will die with the onset of frost.

An important part of caring for forsythia is pruning the shrub. For sanitary purposes, the removal of dead, old or damaged branches is carried out in the spring, and a haircut to maintain shape - in early summer, when the mass flowering ends. Until recently, shoots yellow from flowers can be shortened by half the length, and old branches are cut above the ground so that several buds remain at the base.

Once every 3-4 years, forsythia is rejuvenated by evenly cutting all shoots by half or two-thirds of the length. Over the summer, the plant will restore the crown, which will be dense, uniform and young, so that next spring it will please with a friendly bright flowering.

In most regions, the plant winters excellently without shelter. If the winters have little snow, before wintering, forsythia in the open field is gently tilted to the ground, fixed and covered with spruce branches or dense non-woven material. At the first opportunity, the bushes are covered with snow.

Reproduction of forsythia in the open field

The remaining parts of the branches after pruning are an excellent material for obtaining cuttings that will serve for the propagation of forsythia. The green shoots are cut into pieces 10-15 cm long so that each one has several healthy buds. The lower leaves are cut off, and the resulting stalk, after treatment with a rooting stimulant, is planted in a greenhouse.

In the fall, another method for breeding forsythia in the open field is possible. Lignified cuttings are planted in a school organized in a quiet place protected from wind and flooding. For the time remaining before the cold weather, the seedling will give roots, and 2-3 buds left above the surface of the soil will wake up in the spring and form a young crown of a dwarf shrub. In the coming fall, such plants can be planted in a permanent place.

Planting forsythia in a permanent place - video

A beautiful spreading shrub, reaching a height of about 2.5-3 m, blooms in April-May with luxurious bright yellow bells. Forsythia, planting and care in the open field for which it is absolutely uncomplicated, immediately attracts attention. Against the background of other shrubs and trees that have not yet woken up, it looks very elegant, flowering continues for almost a month.

The most interesting and popular types:

1. European

This type is most widespread. Height - up to 2 m, flowers - rich yellow.

2. Giralda

In appearance it is similar to the European one, but it tolerates the cold worse. The graceful yellow flowers bloom in May.

3. Drooping (drooping)

Spreading crown up to 2.5 m in diameter. The flowers are quite large (up to 3 cm), bright yellow. It has such varieties: deceptive, variegated, Fortune, etc.

4. Ovoid

A small shrub with leaves that acquire a purple hue by autumn. It can be successfully grown even in regions with severe winters. The varieties are known: Tetragold, Spring Glory, etc.

5. White (snowy)

A low (up to 1.5 m) bush, which stands out among other species with an unusual color for forsythia.

6. Greenest (dark green)

Drought tolerant, but very thermophilic shrub, suitable for cultivation in the southern regions. Yellow-green flowers are collected in small bunches.

7. Average (intermediate)

It grows up to 4.5 m in height, bright yellow flowers open in April. It grows very quickly.

Principles of planting forsythia

Planting is carried out in August – early September, so that the plant can take up before the onset of winter cold weather, or in spring. The places for this shrub are sunny, although it can grow normally in partial shade. Planting forsythia in open ground is carried out taking into account the fact that the bushes must have enough space for full development.

The landing pit is formed 50x50 cm in size and 60 cm deep. Drainage (broken brick, expanded clay) is laid at the bottom, then compost or mineral fertilizers (with a predominance of potassium and phosphorus) are added. This culture is completely undemanding to the composition of the soil.

Care after planting for forsythia is reduced to abundant watering of seedlings and mulching with dry fallen leaves. For the winter - be sure to cover with materials that allow air to pass through. The next spring, the shelter is removed.

Rules for caring for a plant in the open field

To get a beautiful healthy plant, do the following:

• watered only in very dry times (waterlogging is detrimental to the plant) - 1 bucket per plant;
• top dressing is applied starting from the third year after planting, at the rate of 100 g of complex fertilizer per bush - 2 times a year: after winter and after flowering;

If the plant lacks nutrients, the number of flowers, their size and color saturation decrease, the shrub loses its decorative effect.

• it is advisable to mulch the near-trunk circle to retain moisture and prevent the growth of weeds;
• pruning is performed correctly and on time - after flowering (removal of faded inflorescences) and in early spring (main);
• weeding and loosening the soil near the bushes.

Pruning and shaping forsythia

Since caring for forsythia in the open field necessarily includes pruning, it must be carried out in accordance with all the rules.

1. The plant is not touched for the first three years after planting.
2. Starting from the 4th year, sanitary and formative pruning of forsythia is carried out in the spring. The first involves removing dead and old branches, thinning the bush for better lighting.
3. Additionally, to add splendor, the shoots are slightly shortened (by 3-4 cm). For greater decorativeness, using a haircut, you can give the bush the shape of a ball.

During the flowering period, forsythia is not pruned.

The thickest unnecessary branches are cut "on a ring", and those that have just faded are shortened a little.

How to prepare a plant for winter?

At the end of the season, you need to pay attention to preparing forsythia for winter. Watering is completed around mid-September so that it could be sheltered by the onset of stable cold weather.

More frost-resistant species of this culture can be simply sprinkled with snow. And, for example, ovoid forsythia requires a full-fledged shelter for the winter, otherwise there is a risk of freezing of flower buds or the death of the entire plant.

Breeding methods for forsythia in the open field

This flowering shrub has 3 methods of propagation: seeds, layering and cuttings. How to propagate forsythia, each grower chooses independently.But the seed method is used extremely rarely, since it is quite laborious and does not always give the expected results (germination rate up to 40%).

For this, seeds are collected in autumn, stored in a dry place in winter. In March, seeds are sown in shallow boxes and covered with foil. The first shoots will appear in a month. The film is removed, the sprouts are watered moderately. Such plants will bloom no earlier than 5-6 years. The most common are the second and third options.

A good effect is obtained when propagating by layering. For this, suitable shoots are selected (closer to the ground), fixed and covered with earth. You can water a little. Already in the spring, young seedlings are ready for separation from an adult bush, and after a year, subject to all the rules of agricultural technology, they should bloom.

In some varieties, the natural rooting of shoots occurs by itself, without outside participation. Shoots fall to the ground and germinate.

Cuttings are also quite popular among gardeners. After the plant has faded, annual cuttings with 2-3 internodes are cut. The leaves located in the upper part are shortened by half, in the lower part they are completely removed. For better rooting, they can be treated with a growth stimulant.

They are planted at a distance of 5-7 cm from each other, creating a mini-greenhouse. With regular watering, the roots are formed by the end of the fifth week. For the winter, seedlings are mulched with a thick layer of compost or dry leaves. In the spring, young specimens are seated in permanent places.

Lack of flowering: reasons

Sometimes it happens that the bush develops well, grows, but flowers do not appear. The reasons why forsythia does not bloom can be different.

1. Nutrient Deficiency

Despite all the unpretentiousness, the shrub requires periodic fertilization; on very poor soils, it may not bloom.

2. Illiterate pruning

It must be remembered that flowers are formed on one- and two-year-old shoots, so if you cut off too much, flowering will be postponed for more than one year. Pruning old branches is also best done gradually.

3. No clipping

Strongly thickened bushes also usually do not please with an abundant number of flowers: shoots not removed in time take on some of the nutrients. Plus, such a bush does not have enough sunlight on many branches.

4. Improper winter care

Especially true for delicate varieties. Freezing of flower buds (in the absence of proper shelter) will inevitably lead to the fact that forsythia will not bloom in the spring.

Planting and further caring for forsythia will not cause much trouble if you protect it from possible pests and diseases.

• Withering - with this disease, the branches begin to wither for no apparent reason. You need to deal with it by spraying the branches with foundation.
• Bacteriosis - unfortunately, this disease is incurable. Characterized by a sharp yellowing and wilting of the entire bush. Affected specimens must be immediately dug up and burned to avoid spreading the disease.
• Moniliosis - dark spots form on the leaves. Infected shoots are removed, the rest of the bush is treated with Bordeaux liquid.

Forsythias fit perfectly into the overall landscape composition. They can be planted in the center of the flower bed, supplemented with juniper. In the foreground, lower flowers or decorative leafy plants are planted.

Forsythia: features of a plant and rules for caring for it on video

You can learn more about forsythia in the video:

Plant an unusual shrub (sometimes a tree) called forsythia. From the Latin Forsythia, the beauty is also called forsythia. Outwardly, it is an ornamental flowering shrub with bright yellow medium-sized flowers. In the spring, it is covered with a golden cloud of fragrant inflorescences.

The plant is compact in size, but can reach a height of 3 meters, depending on the variety. Bell-shaped flowers bloom in early spring and are pleasing to the eye for almost a month. In Europe, beauty is found everywhere, as an integral part of urban design.It is worth paying attention to her and our gardeners.

Growing conditions for forsythia

The shrub is very unpretentious, but nevertheless, several conditions will have to be met:

• Forsythia loves sunny plots, but also tolerates partial shade.
• Slightly alkaline soils are preferred; acidic soils are recommended to be alkalized with lime or dolomite flour.
• To achieve a high decorative effect of your landscape composition with the participation of forsythia, plant a juniper or other low-growing conifers next to it.
• Keep in mind that forsythia leaves turn purple-violet or golden in autumn, which can also be used effectively in your garden.
• It is preferable to choose a place protected from strong winds.
• It is advisable to mulch the soil with a layer of needles or other mulching material.

When and how to plant forsythia

Forsythia photo landing

Planting or replanting forsythia should be done in early autumn or spring, when there is no chance of night frosts. It is important that the plant, during autumn planting, has time to take root before the dormant and wintering period begins.

• For planting, a pit is prepared, somewhat larger than the size of the roots of the acquired seedling. Usually this is a hole with a diameter of about 60 cm and a depth of half a meter.
• The distance between the forsythia bushes is at least 1.5 meters.
• If at the chosen place there is a possibility of flooding by melt water, make drainage: the pit is deepened a little and broken brick, gravel, small stones are laid on the bottom, and sand and garden soil are already on top.
• When planting in autumn, you will need a mandatory shelter for the winter with a thick layer of fallen leaves or straw (30-40 cm). It will even be possible to pre-heat the earth in the near-trunk zone, but in the spring it is imperative to remove the shelter so that the roots do not come out.

For the first two weeks, forsythia is regularly watered as the soil dries up in the holes. But you shouldn't be too zealous either: it is harmful to flood the plant.

How to care for forsythia

What all forsythia fell in love with is its unpretentiousness. Usually, the rainfall is enough for the bush. Only in conditions of abnormal heat will the plant need help, sometimes pouring a bucket of water under each bush.

Particularly attentive gardeners can take care of planting forsythia by applying organic fertilizers in the fall: rotted compost or humus, scattered over the surface of the earth with a layer of 10-20 cm, will become an excellent shelter for the winter, a source of nutrients for development in the coming season. In the spring, you can feed the plants with phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers to stimulate flowering. For example, natroamofoskoy (a tablespoon in a bucket of water, consumption of 1-2 liters of solution under a bush). At the end of flowering, top dressing with Kemira-lux or potassium nitrate is desirable according to the instructions. This will help prepare the plant for the upcoming flowering and wintering season.

Winter hardiness of forsythia

It is best to grow ovoid forsythia in central Russia, the winter hardiness of which is above average. Such a beauty survives even in the Urals and Siberia, but requires shelter for the winter.

Propagation of forsythia by cuttings

Forsythia propagation by cuttings photo

Most often, green cuttings are used: in June, green young twigs 10-15 cm long are cut and planted in cups with nutrient soil, covered with sachets or transparent plastic cups on top.

Before planting, it is advisable to keep the cuttings in a solution of heteroauxin or root for a day, which will stimulate root formation. In about a month and a half, the cuttings will release new shoots, which will be evidence of rooting. In September, they can be planted in the ground, and before frost, they can be insulated with a layer of earth and fallen leaves for a successful winter.

You can cut woody cuttings in October and bury them right in the garden, leaving them under cover for the winter. In the spring, the shelter is removed, and the cuttings quickly release young shoots.By the fall, the seedlings will be ready for planting in a permanent place.

The video will tell you about the propagation of forsythia by cuttings at home:

Propagation of forsythia by layering

Twigs, bent and pinned to the ground, slightly dug in, quickly root at the ditch. especially if you make a small incision in the bark at the pinning site. Layers can be made almost throughout the warm season, starting in spring and ending in autumn. After a year, you will get an excellent seedling that can be separated from the mother bush and planted in the place you want.

Pruning and shaping forsythia

Forsythia tolerates pruning, but it should not be abused. Young bushes are subjected only to sanitary pruning, removing frozen, dry and diseased branches. Only in the 3-4th year can you start formative pruning, giving the bush the desired shape: spherical or rectangular. Remember that you can cut no more than a third of the length of the branches to keep the forsythia blooming. Cutting off up to 6 cm at the ends of the branches, you risk nothing and can safely experiment.

If the bush is already old, it can be rejuvenated by radical pruning, leaving only a third of the length of the branches. This will stimulate the active growth of young branches. But such an operation can be carried out no more often than once every three to four years.

When to prune forsythia?

Sanitary pruning of forsythia is usually done in spring, and shaping pruning - in autumn or summer, after flowering.

Pests and diseases of forsythia

Forsythia is very rarely sick and affected by pests. However, the danger still exists.

• The appearance of brown spots on the leaves indicates the development of moniliosis. Sanitary pruning of all affected parts and treatment of the shrub with a fungicide will be required.
• The appearance of nematodes is recognized by the fact that the bush stops growing and even withers. We need to treat the soil with carbation.
• If the bush begins to wither sharply, urgently treat it with a five percent foundationol solution.
• If you notice signs of rot, spreading quickly, this is a sign of bacteriosis. It will not be possible to save the diseased bush, it must be dug up and burned as soon as possible so that the disease does not spread to neighboring plants.

Forsythia in autumn Preparing for winter

Young bushes can freeze slightly, so do not be lazy to cover them by shoveling up the ground and covering them with leaves. The branches need to be bent and pinned to the ground, covered with spruce branches. In winter, it is good to warm up the snow on top. In early spring, the shelter should be removed, the branches should be freed from spruce branches. It is important to do this on time (before the start of sap flow) so as not to disrupt the natural cycle of plant development. Mature shrubs do not bend to the ground, but root cover is still necessary.

Forsythia in landscape design

Forsythia in landscape design photo

Forsythia is often planted together with evergreens: conifers, boxwood, periwinkle, holly, etc. Blooming in early spring, the shrub looks spectacular against the backdrop of greenery.

Shrub forsythia planting and care Photo with flowers

You can plant lawn grass under the forsythia, which will also be an excellent background for the golden flowers of the shrub. And next to break a flower bed with primroses or daffodils known to all.

How to plant forsythia Bagryannik and forsythia photo

Forsythia is planted next to the canadian scarlet, such joint plantings look fantastic: delicate purple and bright yellow flowers create a great combination.

Forsythia hedge photo