Oil for walk-behind tractor: which is better to fill in the gearbox? How to add 4-stroke engine oil to the engine? Changing transmission oil

Video: How to Change the Oil in the Gearbox of the Neva Motoblock

First of all, you need to figure out if you need to change the oil? It is possible that its level is still sufficient for the effective functioning of the cultivator. If it is still for an oil change, place the cultivator on a level surface and clean the area around the dipstick (s) to pour oil into the engine. This plug is located at the front bottom of the engine.

How to set the oil level after changing? Quite simply: with a probe. To adjust the oil level, wipe the sensor dry, and then, without twisting the plugs, insert it into the filler neck to fill the oil. From the oil print on the sensor, you can tell what level it is at. The note! The amount of lubricant in the engine must not exceed the limit mark. With excess oil in the tank, it will spill out. This will increase inappropriate lubricant costs and therefore operating costs.

The engine must be cooled before checking the oil level. Not too long ago, a running engine or gearbox was giving the wrong amount of oil, and the level would have been much higher than it actually is. When the components have cooled down, you can measure the level accurately.

How much fat should I fill in the gear?

The question of the amount of transmission oil is quite fundamental. You will need to set the oil level before answering. This is easy to do. Place the cultivator on a level platform with the wings parallel to it. Take a 70 cm wire. It will be used instead of the probe. Bend it in an arc, then insert it into the end of the filler. Then back off. Carefully inspect the wire: if it is greased with 30 cm grease, the oil level is normal. When the grease is less than 30 cm, it must be replenished. If the transmission is completely dry, you will need 2 liters of oil.

How to change gearbox oil?

Procedure yes.

Before you start pouring in new fluid, you need to drain the old one.
Place the cultivator at a height. This will make it easier to drain the fat.
You will find 2 forks on the gearbox. One of the plugs is designed for draining, it is located at the bottom of the block. Another closes the filler neck

First comes the filling plug.
Take any reservoir and place it directly under the oil drain plug.
Unscrew the oil drain plug carefully. The transmission oil will start to drain into the tank.

Wait for all the oil to drain, then you can screw the plug back in place. Tighten it to the limit with the ring wrench.
Insert a funnel into the filler neck. Get a suitable oil.
Fill to the required level. Then insert the plug into place. Now you need to find out the oil level. Secure the plug with the probe to the end. Then unscrew it again and inspect.
If there is grease on the tip of the probe, no more grease should be added.

The procedure for changing the transmission oil will depend on the engine modification. But basically, replacement is performed every 100 hours of operation of the unit. Individual episodes may require replacement more frequently every 50 hours. If the cultivator is new, the initial oil change after working on the walk-behind tractor should be done after 25-50 hours.

A systematic change of transmission oil is necessary not only because it is recommended by the manufacturer, but also for a number of other circumstances. During the operation of the cultivator, foreign particles of steel are formed in the oil.They are formed by the friction of the cultivator components, which are gradually crushed. Ultimately, the oil becomes thicker, resulting in unstable engine performance. In some cases, the transmission may malfunction. Filled with fresh grease can prevent such unpleasant events and eliminate repairs. Oil change is several times cheaper than buying and installing a new gearbox.

If you want your technical equipment to work for a long time and correctly, do not ignore a timely oil change. How to maintain and clean the cultivator's oil filter. Maintenance of the engine block air filters must be performed in accordance with the maintenance intervals specified by the manufacturer, or as required if the technical equipment is used in a dusty environment. It is advisable to check the condition of the air filter every 5-8 hours of unit operation. After 20-30 hours of operation, the air filter must be cleaned (if damaged) and replaced.

Oil for a diesel walk-behind tractor - features of choice

When choosing engine oil for a diesel walk-behind tractor, you should follow the instructions in the operating instructions. However, if the instructions for use have been lost, then you will have to study the formulations available on the market more carefully.

Diesel engine oils are classified into the following categories. To determine the type and conformity of the composition for a specific walk-behind tractor, special markings indicated on the container with grease will help:

API CJ-4 - formulations with this marking are designed specifically for motoblocks with a capacity of 10 liters or more. with. and more. The composition of these lubricants has a high viscosity, which guarantees the correct operation of all elements of the motor unit;
API CI-4 - these oils should be used for engines equipped with different types of injection and pressurization. Such oils have good dispersing properties and high thermal oxidation stability;
API CH-4 - lubricants with this marking fully comply with all modern requirements and quality standards. Among the advantages of these compositions, one should highlight the ability to fill them in diesel engines running on fuel, the percentage of sulfur in which exceeds 0.5%;
API CA - formulations of this type are optimal in cases where diesel fuel contains a small amount of sulfur. Oils with such markings protect the walk-behind tractor engine from the formation of harmful deposits on its walls;
API CB - the use of oils of this oil reduces the risk of corrosion of motoblock bearings;
API CC - such oils will be the best option for a turbocharged engine that does not have a supercharger. These compounds help walk-behind tractors to withstand prolonged loads and work properly in difficult conditions;
API CF-2 - oils of this group show themselves well when used in motoblocks that are subject to heavy loads.

After purchasing a suitable engine oil, you can proceed to pouring it into the motor of the walk-behind tractor. The procedure is quite simple:

Place the unit in a horizontal position first;
Place a wide container under the drain hole in the engine and remove the plug by gently prying it off with a screwdriver;
Wait until the old oil is drained from the motor, and screw the plug back into the hole;
Fill the engine with at least 2 liters of new lubricant.

Remember that the oil in new walk-behind tractors should be changed three times with an interval of 5 hours of moderate use. After that, it is required to replace it no more than 1 time in 25 hours of operation of the walk-behind tractor.

Difference of oils

Different cultivator models have different motors, so what do you need to know exactly? which oil is suitable for a particular motor.

For internal combustion engines

Manufacturers prescribe the use of oil for both gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines. After extensive testing, the factory establishes a list of different lubricants that are excellent for the product. For a gasoline engine, it is recommended to pour the following fluids into an oil container:

SB at medium load;
SD for working with PCV;
SA at low loads;
SE for 1980 engines;
SC without PVC;
SH is universal.

Best oils to reduce diesel consumption:

CC at increased load;
CB at medium load using high sulfur fuel;
Low load CA.

For reducer

Any walk-behind tractor includes a gearbox, for which it is also necessary to use transmission lubricant and timely replace it. For high performance, the following transmission substances should be poured into the worm gear:

TEP - 15, M-10V2, M-10G2 are excellent for the summer period and can operate in temperatures ranging from -5 degrees and above;
TM-5, M-8G2 are used in a colder period at temperatures down to -25 degrees.

For four-stroke ICE cultivators

Today, cultivator tillers are equipped with four-stroke engines, which do not have an oil pump. In them, the bearing is located just below the connecting rod head, and the lubrication process takes place by scooping it out of the crankcase. And other parts and mechanisms consume lubricant using a spray gun. This type of engine operates at unstable temperatures due to the air cooling system. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to find the right lubricant, but the manufacturer has identified several suitable options:

Expert four-stroke semi-synthetic all-season grease;
Specific for diesel and gasoline;
Supreme high quality mineral oil.

Specific Requirements

Most modern motoblocks (the rating of motoblocks can be studied in this article) are equipped with four-stroke gasoline engines that do not have an oil pump in their design.

The lower connecting rod head, which is a sliding bearing, is lubricated by scooping oil with a special protrusion on the lower connecting rod cover, the crankshaft main bearings, the gas distribution mechanism and the cylinder-piston group are lubricated with the resulting splashes.

Also, these engines have unstable temperature conditions due to air cooling.

For more information about the 4-stroke engine, see the video:

Thus, engine oil for 4-stroke engines of motoblocks must meet the following requirements:

Low kinematic viscosity in a wide temperature range is necessary to avoid oil starvation when the engine warms up to operating temperature.
The use of viscous oils in engines that do not have lubrication under pressure can lead to scuffing on the surface of the connecting rod journal, followed by the enveloping of metal in this place and engine seizure.
The stable composition of the package of antifriction and extreme pressure additives will allow the oil to retain its properties for a long time with regular heating-cooling cycles during the operation of the walk-behind tractor.
High strength of the oil film is necessary to protect the cylinder-piston group from scuffing when the engine overheats during hard work in hot weather.
The detergent properties provided by the appropriate additive package must counteract sludge and varnish build-up in the engine sump and on oil-wetted surfaces.
Low carbon content is relevant for air-cooled engines, since oil entering the piston ring zone heats up in this place to a temperature of 270-300 degrees.
The formation of carbon deposits will lead to a loss of mobility of the piston rings and a decrease in compression with a simultaneous overspending of oil.

Based on these requirements, it is possible to describe the technical requirements that the oil for 4-stroke engines of motoblocks must meet, as follows:

SAE high-temperature viscosity class no more than 30 in temperate climates, 40 - in hot. Low-temperature viscosity index - no more than 10W. These requirements are met by common oils of types 10W30, 5W30, 0W30, 5W40, 10W40 (the last two - at temperatures of 30 degrees or more).
Pure summer versions - SAE 30, SAE 40. The characteristics of the oils should be read carefully: a number of specialized oils for gardening equipment with a viscosity of 5W30 are intended exclusively for winter use.
Oil base: synthetic or semi-synthetic, since mineral oils are practically not found in the indicated viscosity ranges. In addition, they are significantly less stable than synthetics and semi-synthetics.
A number of lubricant manufacturers have special ranges of mineral-based oils for gardening equipment, in this case the low cost has a downside in the form of the need for frequent replacement.
API quality class (a complex parameter that determines the antifriction, extreme pressure and detergent properties of engine oil, as well as many other parameters) is not lower than SG.

You need to understand that common automotive oils meet all the requirements for motor oils for motor-blocks Cayman, Texas, Foreman, Viking, Sadko, Don, Profi, Carver and Husqvarna, the only difference may be its consumption and the amount of carbon deposits formed during long-term operation in an air-cooled engine ...

For this reason, although this material considers specialized lubricants, in the absence of the possibility of their purchase, you can always use automotive engine oils that meet the described requirements.

What are the gearboxes of motoblocks - types and purpose

Modern walk-behind tractors are equipped with gearboxes of different design and purpose. The mechanisms used for the operation of agricultural machines are divided into the following types:

Angle gear for a walk-behind tractor - a mechanism of this type serves as a connector for the motor and transmission of the unit. Excellent characteristics and low cost of such a unit make it one of the most popular among farmers. The design of the angular gearbox allows you to modify it, increasing, thereby, significantly increasing the productivity of the mechanism;

Reducing gear for a walk-behind tractor - the task of this type of mechanism is to increase the power of the motor and reduce the number of its revolutions. Such gearboxes are considered one of the most reliable and efficient mechanisms, since they consist of durable steel parts that are practically indestructible, and a regular air cooling system. Motoblocks equipped with such gearboxes can easily cope with any load, and can solve many economic problems;

Reverse gear - this reverse rotation mechanism is installed between the bevel gears, which, in turn, are located on the main shaft of the walk-behind tractor. This reversible circuit is quite simple, so it takes no more than 10 minutes to disassemble it. The main advantage of a reversible gearbox is the ability to reverse. Among the disadvantages should be highlighted the low performance of the mechanism and low speed when moving the walk-behind tractor in reverse;

Gear reducer for a walk-behind tractor - heavy walk-behind tractors are equipped with a mechanism of this type. It is primarily used to transfer the torque generated by the motor to the wheels of an agricultural machine. Among the main advantages of the gear reducer are high reliability and simplicity of design. The only drawback of this mechanism is the complexity of maintenance.Nevertheless, most motoblock manufacturers equip their equipment with a gear reducer. If you plan to make a homemade gearbox, then it is best to make a gear-type mechanism;

Worm gearbox for walk-behind tractor - the distinctive features of this mechanism include the presence of a special screw and a gear worm wheel. For the manufacture of each of the elements of such a gearbox, materials with increased strength are used. The gear ratios of worm gearboxes range from 1 to 4. The number of gears directly depends on the number of threaded channels on the screw of the mechanism. Among the main advantages of a worm gear, the high efficiency of the mechanism should be highlighted. It is used in the manufacture of equipment that requires a reduced angular velocity and the highest possible torque. The worm gearbox provides smooth running and low noise level during the operation of the walk-behind tractor.

Each of the listed types of mechanisms has its own advantages and disadvantages. This should be remembered when choosing a walk-behind tractor equipped with one or another gearbox.

How to change?

Naturally, if you see that there is not enough oil, then you just need to add it. This can be done either through a funnel, or through a hose, or directly from the neck of the bottle into the neck of the crankcase. Oil is poured into the crankcase of the walk-behind tractor smoothly, without haste.

After topping up, you need to measure the oil level again to make sure it is correct. After that, the oil change in the walk-behind tractor can be considered complete.

To top up engine oil, tilt it forward slightly. There is a special plug for changing the lubricant in the gearbox. Please note that you do not need to turn or tilt the walk-behind tractor, as this can lead to oil leakage, which can cause it to get into the engine cylinders.

Owners of walk-behind tractors usually change the oil for the first time after 5 hours of operation on their unit, and then change it every 25 hours. But it is advisable to change the lubricant every spring before first use.

It is worth considering before turning off the oil sensor on the walk-behind tractor, because thanks to it you can also monitor the lubricant level without any tools.

As we already said, the oil level must meet two criteria: if you measured the level without a dipstick, then add until the oil is visible to the eye through the hole in the neck. But, in any case, it is advisable to check the level with a dipstick.

To do this, simply lower it into the crankcase and make sure it is normal. In this way, you can make sure that the oil is just as much as is required for the normal operation of the unit.

Cascade walk-behind tractor reducer

What does the cascade walk-behind tractor gearbox consist of?

In order to disassemble the gearbox of the Cascade walk-behind tractor, you must first of all remove it from the walk-behind tractor. Then you need to remove the covers, then remove the screws and tap to remove the cover. Remove the input shaft sleeve, remove the lever and shift fork. Remove the input shaft with the gear on it. Remove the shaft from the bushing and remove the chain from the shaft. After that, it is necessary to remove the block shaft itself. Get the sprocket block. Take out the intermediate shaft with gears. Take out the right axle shaft, clutch and left axle shaft.

The gearbox device consists of the following main parts:

covers;
pulley;
bearings;
bushings (input shaft);
shift lever;
intermediate shaft gear;
shift axis, shift fork;
input shaft with gear;
shaft block;
double-row chain;
connector, small chain;
sprocket block;
intermediate shaft with gear;
input shaft;
washers;
oil seals;
right semiaxis;
double asterisk;
clutch;
left semiaxis;
clutch fork;
bracket;
spring.

The influence of oil on the operation of the gearbox of the walk-behind tractor Cascade

Particular attention should be paid to the lubricating fluid, oil. It is worth noting that the oil must be changed every 50 hours of operation of the walk-behind tractor.

Also, it is not necessary to load the walk-behind tractor too much, because this can lead to quick wear of the equipment. Do not forget that it is undesirable to install additional cutters with your own hands. The gearbox chains are severely affected by additional loads (bushings burst), after which the chains begin to jump. With strong side loads, the support washer wears out quickly, as a result of which the alignment of the two gears is lost, and the bushings fly off the chain. The conclusion can be made as follows: you do not need to work on the walk-behind tractor at an angle, despite the cleaner work, you harm your unit and you should turn the walk-behind tractor more carefully when working.

Oil change is performed as follows:

Initially, we put the walk-behind tractor on a flat surface and find a rod, about 70 centimeters long.
We bend the rod into an arc and push it into the filler hole of the gearbox through the entire body of the gearbox until it stops and protrude the rod.
Next, we look at the oil level in the gearbox. Ideally, the oil should be filled in at least 25 cm.After that, either add oil (1.5 liters), or pour oil into a dry gearbox (2 liters). The oil must be filled in as provided by GOST, in addition, it is permissible to mix different types of oils in any ratio.

Replacing the oil seal in the gearbox of the walk-behind tractor Cascade

Next, it will be described how to replace the oil seal on the gearbox of the Cascade walk-behind tractor. Replacing the stuffing box occurs as a result of the appearance of leaks, which will lead to rapid wear of parts, because the operation of the gearbox will run dry, i.e. without oil. The main reasons for the failure of the oil seal are: a shaft with scuffs or roughness that grinds the oil seal; deformation of the gland due to improper installation; poor workmanship; the spring tightening the edge is weakened; and just wear and tear. In order to replace the oil seal, you must first clean it of dirt, then pull out the oil seal with a catching movement, after which it is necessary to hammer the new oil seal to a light stop with a suitable socket head of the key, lubricating it with machine oil. However, if there is metal protection, then it is necessary to disassemble the gearbox.

Changing the oil in the engine of the walk-behind tractor

The working life of the engine of an agricultural unit depends not only on the quality of its components and assembly, but also on how correctly and how often you will change the engine oil. Adhering to the manufacturer's recommendations, you can extend the life of the unit and save it from typical breakdowns.

To change the lubricant in the walk-behind tractor, it is necessary to preheat the motor of the unit. To change the oil in the engine of the walk-behind tractor, you need to proceed in the following order:

First place the unit in a horizontal position. Holes for filling and draining oil are always located on the left side of the walk-behind tractor engine. The oil remaining inside the motor must be drained through the drain hole, which is closed with a conical threaded plug. If the plug is twisted too tightly, then you can unscrew it with a long screwdriver;
Place a wide container with a volume of at least 2 liters under the drain hole and slowly unscrew the plug. After finally removing it, wait 10 minutes until the lubricant is completely drained from the walk-behind tractor engine;
After that, tighten the drain plug and start filling with new engine oil. It is best if you choose 10W40 synthetic or mineral oil as a new formulation. Its volume should be equal to the amount of previously drained oil.

The lubricant in the engine of the walk-behind tractor should be changed at least once every 25-30 hours of operation. If you do not use the unit too often, and all the work takes you about the same amount of time, then you can change the oil once a year.At the same time, remember that if you do not have time to work 30 hours per season, then the oil still needs to be changed, since during the idle time of the walk-behind tractor, the properties of the composition noticeably deteriorate.

If you have just purchased a walk-behind tractor, then you need to change the lubricant in its motor after the first 5 hours of operation of the unit. The fact is that after assembling new motoblocks, small debris remaining inside the motor enters the oil, which leads to engine jamming and the appearance of minor breakdowns. In order for the motor of the new unit to be completely cleaned, the oil in it will need to be replaced three more times - 2 times after 5 hours of operation, and the third after 10 hours.

How to change the oil

Most often, the oil change rate depends on the engine and its performance. Changing the oil in the gearbox can be done in conjunction with changing the engine lubricants. It all depends on the type of engine:

Robin Subaru. First replacement process after 20 hours of working procedure, and then every 100 hours.
Honda and Lifan - 20 hours, and then after 6 months.
Briggs & Stratton - 5 hours. Subsequently, a regular check is carried out after 8 hours. A complete replacement process should be carried out every 50 hours of operation.

Replacement:

the technique is placed vertically without even a slight tilt;
the breather is unscrewed and cleaned;
after unscrewing the screw, the oil is drained into a container of at least 3 liters;
the screw is returned and tightened;
oil is poured;
the breather closes;
the efficiency of the equipment is checked.

Remember to follow the oil change instructions This is a standard lubricant change plan.

It should be borne in mind that, according to standard recommendations, the frequency of change is regulated in the following order:

running-in - 30-35 hours;
simple - 1-2 years;
working process - 150-200 hours.

Such parameters are set for the workflow without an increased load on the walk-behind tractor. In the case of an enhanced operation, it is better to change the oil every 50 hours of operation, which will allow the entire lubrication system to not clog. This will increase the chances of a full-fledged work without breakdowns.

What type of oil should be poured into the motor cultivator

There are many disputes about what kind of oil should be poured into the engine of a home cultivator (walk-behind tractor). Someone is sure that his views are correct, others deny them, but the only thing that can resolve such discussions is the manual for the unit, created by the manufacturer of the product. Any manufacturer in it prescribes a specific volume of oil to be poured in, a method for measuring this volume, including the type of oil that can be used.

What all their positions have in common is that the lubricant should be designed specifically for the engine. There are 2 types of oils - oils for 2-stroke engines and oils for 4-stroke engines. Both the one and the other samples are used for motor cultivators in accordance with which particular motor is mounted in the model. Most of the cultivators are equipped with 4-stroke motors, however, in order to establish the type of motor, you need to familiarize yourself with the manufacturer's markings.

The use of oils is distributed according to the seasonality of the operation of the cultivator. So, some modifications can be used in the winter season. Due to the thickening of natural elements that are susceptible to a drop in temperature, semi-synthetic lubricants cannot, along with mineral ones, be used in winter. However, the same oils are safely used in the summer season and thoroughly protect the equipment.

Thus, the lubricant is used not only as a lubricant for the components of the engine, but also serves as a medium that excellently restrains the soot produced during fuel combustion and metal particles that arise during component wear. It is for this reason that the lion's share of oils has a thick, viscous structure.To find out what kind of oil is needed for your particular technique, carefully study the operating manual of the cultivator. The manufacturer specifies what kind of oil you need to fill in the motor or gearbox, so it is recommended that you follow these tips.

How to properly dilute fuel for a walk-behind tractor

The main difference between a two-stroke walk-behind tractor is that it does not have a separate lubrication system. For this reason, oil is mixed with gasoline. Such an oil-gasoline mixture, when the device is operating, forms a special fog, and it, in turn, processes all the details of the walk-behind tractor.

Types of lubrication possible for motoblocks

Oil is just as important as gasoline. The stable operation of all equipment components depends on the quality. The main purpose of lubrication is to eliminate unnecessary friction. A good product must meet several requirements:

during burnout, a minimum of ash should be formed;
quickly decomposes on contact;
dissolves quickly in gasoline;
good fluidity (relevant for engines with separate oil and gasoline supply);
anti-corrosion, temperature, anti-wear properties.

When choosing an oil, they also pay attention to seasonality. Lubricant is:

Summer. It has high viscosity indexes, ensures good work of the cultivator in hot weather.
Winter product. The manufacturer marks products for winter with a conditional marking in the form of the letter "W". The viscosity of the product is lower, which ensures comfortable work in cold weather.
All-season type. A very popular type of oil as it can be used at any temperature.

Note! When purchasing an all-season grease, take into account that there are options with different levels of viscosity. When choosing, they use the rule: the stronger the frosts, the lower the viscosity level should be.

How to mix gasoline and oil

The proportions used for mixing. The classic proportion a is the ratio of 1 part grease to 4 parts gasoline. Specific values are indicated in the instructions from the manufacturer.

The fuel mixture is diluted in a separate container. Containers must be dry, petrol-resistant and clean. First, it is worth pouring gasoline into the tank, and then add oil. Only after thorough mixing is the resulting composition poured into the tank of the walk-behind tractor.

For motoblocks, gasoline up to 92 octane is used. When mixing, the tank is not completely filled, leaving a gap of 2-3 cm (when mixing, the fuel expands).

Oil in the gearbox of the walk-behind tractor - self-replacement

The standard gearbox of any walk-behind tractor needs no less lubrication than its factory engine. The gearbox is initially a complex structure consisting of several gears responsible for transmitting power from the engine to the working bodies of agricultural machinery. During the operation of the gearbox, the gears are constantly in contact with each other, which leads to the gradual erasure of their teeth. To slow this process down, you need to use a good quality lubricant.

You can check the level of lubricant contained in the gearbox at a certain point in time as follows:

Clean a 70 cm piece of wire that will act as a probe;
Bend the homemade probe into an arc;
Push the wire through the filler hole in the gearbox to the end and pull it out.

If the oil stain is 30 cm from the bottom edge of the dipstick, no oil needs to be added. Otherwise, the operator must add the missing amount of fluid.

It is necessary to change the lubricant in the cold gearbox of the walk-behind tractor only if it was found that it turned dark, almost black. Another indicator of the need for urgent replacement is the content in the lubricant of a large number of foreign inclusions and solid fractions.