Row silver

What soap rows look like

The cap is convex at a young age, later it becomes prostrate. Its edges are uneven, cracked. The surface of the fungus is covered with small scales, becomes oily in wet weather. After the fruiting body dries, the cap is rough. The mushroom is only 4-6 cm in diameter, but there are specimens that reach impressive sizes. Their caps grow up to 12 cm.

From its back side, you can see rare plates that adhere tightly to the stem. They are painted white, cream or gray-green. In adult representatives, the plates are light green; when pressed, pink juice is released on them. Spores of the fungus are white.

The leg is thick - about 3 cm in diameter. Its length at a young age is up to 4-5 cm. Adult large specimens keep on high legs, sometimes they reach 12 cm. They are cylindrical in shape, smooth, less often covered with scales. Painted off-white or gray. They acquire a rusty tint from below.

The pulp is very firm. It has a pink tint at the cut and break. A distinctive feature is its smell. Fresh mushroom smells like laundry soap, the smell intensifies during cooking. The taste of the pulp is bitter.

In the description of the soap ridge and from the photo, it can be seen that the color of the fruit is uneven, there are spots. The center is darker, and the edges of the cap are somewhat lighter. There are gray-green, brown-yellow, olive or gray-yellow mushrooms. Sometimes there is a pink-brown tint in the color.

Symptoms and signs of row poisoning

Symptoms of poisoning with inedible rows, as well as other poisonous mushrooms, are very similar. They appear 1-3 hours after eating mushrooms:

• pain in the stomach;
• weakness;
• increased salivation;
• vomit;
• diarrhea;
• nausea;
• headache.

Poisonous ryadovki often do not cause delusional states, hallucinations and confusion. But even with the appearance of the first symptoms of this nature, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

• Ryadovka mushrooms are considered a delicacy species in many countries. Therefore, some of them are grown as export commodities.
• Growing at home resembles mushroom breeding and is not difficult.
• In cosmetology, powder from the dried fruit bodies of the fungus is often used. They are added to various products that help fight excess oily skin and acne.
• The Japanese matsutake mushroom is as highly prized as the European truffle. This fried mushroom is an expensive delicacy, some of which can cost around $ 100.

Watch the video!
Row white in the forest. How to recognize

Status

Short description
... A mushroom with large lamellar fruit bodies that develop on the soil. The hat is 6-11 cm in diameter., Semicircular, then flat-convex, with a wavy, sometimes lobed edge. The plates are frequent, free, white. Stem (6-10 x x 1.5-2.5 cm, cylindrical, fibrous. The whole mushroom is white, sometimes with small carmine or blue-green spots. Spores 5.5-7.0 x 4-5 microns.

Spreading
... Found in env. village Matoksa (Vsevolozhsky district) (1). In Russia, it was also noted in the European part (2-5) and the Krasnoyarsk Territory (6). Outside of Russia, it is common in Europe. North Africa and Japan (7-9).

Ecology and biology
... Mycorrhizal symbiont of deciduous species. Found in mixed forest in September.

Limiting factors
... Deforestation, trampling.

Security measures
... Search for new locations is required.

Sources of information
: 1. Kovalenko. Morozova, 1999; 2. Kovalenko et al. 1998; 3. Psrevedsntseva, 1997; 4. Ivanov, 1981a; 5. Levitskaya, 1995c; 6. Beglyanova, 1972; 7. Nordic macromycetes, 1992; 8. Courtecuisse. Duhem. 1995; 9. Imazeki et al. 1988. O. V. Morozova

Status
... 3 (R). Rare.

Description
... Large gill-bearing fungus developing on soil. Cap 6-11 cm in diam .. hemispherical, then planoconvex. with undulate, sometimes lobatemargin. Gills crowded, free, white. Stipe 6-10 x 1.5-2.5 cm. cylindrical. fibrillose. The whole fruit body white, sometimes with small carmine or blue-green spots. Spores 5.5-7.0 × 4-5 | im.

Distribution
... In the Leningrad region found in the vicinity of Matoksa (Matoksi) (Vsevolozhsk district) (I). In Russia also recorded from the European part (2-5) and Krasnoyarsk tcrritory (6). Outside Russia distributed in Europe, Northern Africa and Japan (7-9).

Ecology and biology
... Mycorrhizal symbiont of deciduous trees.Found in mixed forest in September.

Limiting factors
... Forest felling, trampling.

Conservation measures
... A search for new localities required.

Sources of information
: I Kovalenko. Morozova, 1999; 2. Kovalenko et al. 1998; 3. Psrevsdenieva, 1997; 4. Ivanov. 1981a: 5. Levitskaya. 1995c: 6. Bsglyanova. 1972; 7. Nordic macromycetes, 1992; 8. Courtecuisse, Duhem, 1995; 9. Imazeki et al. 1988. O. V. Morozova

Poisonous species and differences from edible

Eating poisonous ryadovki is very dangerous for human health. These include the following types:

• spruce;
• white;
• toad;
• smelly;
• conical (pointed);
• brindle (leopard);
• spotted;
• scorched (tanned).

Edible ”species can only be confused with white, spotted and leopard rows. You can distinguish them like this:

1. The white ryadovka is distinguished by a snow-white, sometimes yellowish color. The hat is open and velvety. The leg is cylindrical, slightly curved. Its surface repeats the color of the cap. You can recognize the mushroom by its pulp. It tends to change its color upon contact with air, therefore, at a break, it instantly turns pink. A sharp unpleasant smell of radish emanates from the pulp.

White row
The cap of the spotted row is spread out and slippery, with a small depression in the middle. It is colored light brown. Dark brown longitudinal stripes and spots of the same shade are clearly visualized over the entire surface. The edges of the cap are slightly lighter. The leg is widened at the base. From below it repeats the color of the cap, and from above it is white.

Row leopard

Inedible mushrooms ryadovki

Easy to confuse with edible species:

1. Brown. Similar in appearance and color. Distinguished by aroma: the original has the smell of mushrooms, toadstool - of natural soap. In addition, brown individuals have distinctive smoky spots at the top.
2. Dashed. Differences are difficult to tell.
3. Isolated, strewn with pronounced brown veins, which are absent in the species under consideration.

Poisonous mushrooms: soap ryadovka

Brown

Poisonous mushrooms: ryadovka brown sweets

Poisonous mushrooms row: white

Poisonous mushrooms: white ryadovka

Row white (Tricholoma album)

• Grows up to 8 cm in height
• As the mushroom grows, the cap turns from convex to open, with a thick corrugated edge. Has a white or milky color
• Gleb is fibrous, when broken, the white color instantly turns pink
• The leg is long, thickened closer to the base, dense, white
• The plates are wide, sinuous and frequent
• Grows among deciduous trees, mainly birches
• No edible counterparts have been found. Sometimes confused with champignons
• You can distinguish from edible rows by the inherent sharp radish aroma, pungent taste and snow-white color of the entire mushroom

Microbiologists classify this ryadovka as a slightly toxic species.

The row is gray edible and poisonous: how to distinguish?

Gray Row (Tricholoma portentosum) is an edible species.

Hat:

• Fleshy
• Diameter 4-12 cm
• Initially rounded, and over time it becomes flat and uneven, with a flattened tubercle in the middle
• The smooth skin of old mushrooms bursts
• The color is mouse or dark gray, occasionally with a greenish or lilac bloom

Leg:

• Smooth
• Height from 4 to 15 cm
• Wide at the base
• Covered with a mealy bloom under the head, turns into a hollow as it grows
• Color - white with a grayish-yellow tint

Plates:

• Wide
• Rare
• First - white, gradually turn yellow or gray

Pulp:

• Turns yellow on cut
• It has a characteristic, slightly pronounced, mealy taste and a mild aroma.

Growing:

In pine forests throughout the temperate zone, September to November

Very similar to the serushka:

1. The row is pointed (poisonous). It differs from a gray thinner cap with a prominent convex bump in the middle.
2. Inedible soap row (Tricholoma). In contrast to the edible one, its cap is not colored in brown radially diverging tissue. The pungent smell of inedible ryadovka soap also will not confuse it with the one that can be eaten.

Video: Mushroom double or false. How to recognize gray rows, bettas?

Despite the fact that ryadovka makes excellent winter preparations and other tasty dishes, not all mushroom pickers collect them for processing.

The main reason for this is two negative factors:

1. The large assortment of edible and inedible rows requires special vigilance when collecting. Since there is a risk of poisoning if you make a mistake.
2. They should be collected only in environmentally uncontaminated places - these mushrooms are able to quickly absorb harmful substances. Nowadays, finding such a place is a big problem.

Interesting Facts

• In some countries, all rowers are recognized as poisonous, but if properly processed, most of them are absolutely harmless.
• Mushrooms are beneficial because they contain a large amount of vitamin B.
• Rows (including soap ones) are used for the preparation of antibiotics and medicines.

Going to collect forest fruits, you should always be extremely careful and careful. And if you are not sure of your knowledge, do not hesitate to ask experienced “hunters” for help. They will not only tell you the exact name of the fruiting body, but they will certainly tell you many interesting facts about the mushroom kingdom.

Pigeon row - Tricholoma columbetta

Written by Nikolay Budnik and Elena Meck.

Pigeon ryadovka (or glaucous ryadovka) is rare on Ulom Zheleznaya. We saw her only a few times. In the neighboring Leningrad region, it is even listed in the Red Book.

The pigeon row is edible. We cannot say anything about its taste, because we have never tried it. Firstly, we met it very rarely, and, secondly, we are somewhat wary of white mushrooms.

1. It is not by chance that the pigeon row is called this way.

2. Her cracking cap looks like pigeon feathers.

3.. and in color it resembles a white dove.

4. We cannot judge its taste, because we haven’t tried it.

5. But the smell of the pigeon ryadovka is typically ordinary,

6. Various authors describe it as a flour or smell of fresh dough.

7. We met the pigeon ryadovka in September.

eight. . in deciduous forests.

9. The fungus is also found in mixed sparse forests.

10. They say that it grows in pastures.

11. The mushroom is small in size.

12. This is its average height.

13. . and here is the diameter of the cap.

14. These are already mature mushrooms.

15. Here you see a mushroom, medium in age.

16. And this is the height of young mushrooms.

17. The hat of the pigeon ryadovka is almost white, with a slightly darker middle.

18. In youth, the edges of the cap are turned inward. Then they straighten up.

19. The cap itself is fibrous and silky.

20. Its edges are uneven, wavy, cracking.

21. This is how the cap connects to the leg.

22. Plates are white.

23. They are of medium frequency.

24. Only in youth are the records flat.

25. In adulthood, they become tortuous.

26. These are plates of mushrooms of different ages.

27. So they join the leg.

28. Here it can be seen more closely.

29. The leg of the pigeon ryadovka is also white.

30. It is fibrous-striped, sometimes with small scales.

31. The leg is usually straight, but may be slightly curved.

32.This is how the leg is attached to the ground.

33. Inside it is solid, incomplete.

34. Only in old mushrooms can a void appear in the middle of the stem.

35. The pulp of the mushroom is quite dense, white.

36. I will have to make up my mind and try the pigeon ryadovka.

Inedible varieties of rows

Row pseudo-white (Tricholoma pseudoalbum)

Habitat: deciduous and mixed forests, found in small groups and singly.

Season: August - October.

The hat has a diameter of 3 to 8 cm, at first hemispherical, later convex. A distinctive feature of the species is a white, white-cream, white-pinkish cap.

As shown in the photo, this inedible row has a leg 3-9 cm high, 7-15 mm thick, first white, later white-cream or white-pink:

The pulp is whitish, later slightly yellowish with a powdery odor.

The plates are adherent at first, later almost free, cream-colored.

Variability: The color of the cap varies from white to cream-white, pink-white and ivory.

Similarity with other species. The pseudo-white ridge is similar in shape and size to the May ridge (Tricholoma gambosa), which is distinguished by the presence of delicate pinkish and greenish zones on the cap.

Stinky row (Tricholoma inamoenum).

Where the smelly ryadovka grows: deciduous and mixed forests, in humid zones, grow in groups or singly.

Season: June - October.

The cap is 3-8 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 15 cm, dry, smooth, at first hemispherical, later convex. The edges become slightly wavy with age. The color of the cap is at first whitish or ivory, and with age with brownish or yellowish spots. The surface of the cap is often bumpy. The edge of the cap is folded down.

The leg is long, 5-15 cm high, 8-20 mm thick, cylindrical, dense, elastic, has the same color as the cap.

The pulp is white, firm, fleshy. A distinctive feature of the species is the smelly strong odor both in young mushrooms and in old ones. This smell is the same as DDT or lamp gas.

The plates are of medium frequency, adherent, whitish or creamy.

Similarity with other species. The smelly ryadovka at an early stage of growth is similar to the gray ryadovka (Tricholoma portentosum), which is edible and has a different smell, not pungent, but pleasant. As you grow, the difference increases due to the grayish color of the cap in the gray row.

In this collection you can see photos of edible and inedible rows:

Rowing, or tricholoma (Latin Tricholoma) is a genus of lamellar ground mushrooms of the Ryadovkovy family (Latin Tricholomataceae). Mushrooms of other genera of the family are often called "Ryadovki". (Lyophyllum, Lepista)

general description The genus includes lamellar mushrooms with colored, less often white, caps, which in young specimens are hemispherical and convex, later flat-spread, often with a wavy, curled or bent outward edge. The surface of the cap can be fibrous or scaly. The plates are adherent to the pedicle, often with a tooth, sometimes almost free. The leg is dense, central. There is no common blanket. Occasionally there is a filmy, rapidly disappearing private veil that remains on the leg in the form of a ring. Spores are smooth, colorless. The spore powder is white, rarely cream. Many species are distinguished by a flour, or a strong and unpleasant odor. In general, tricholas are characterized by variability of external signs, which makes it difficult to determine them in the field.

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What mushrooms can be confused with and how to distinguish

Like many other representatives of the mushroom kingdom, the soap ryadovka has many twins, both edible and toxic, due to the large number of varieties of this family. And in order not to get confused in all this diversity, it is strongly recommended to study the main external characteristics of the variety in question and the species most similar to it even before going into the forest.

Row gray

The most similar to the soap ryadovka is its closest relative ryadovka gray, which is found in the same regions, growing in small colonies.As for the differences, the main ones are that the double has a darker color of its lamellar hymenophore, a greenish color of the cap and a noticeable pink transition in the area of ​​the leg. In addition, this variety has a pungent unpleasant odor, which is felt even when the integrity of the fruit body is preserved. Another distinctive feature of the species is its cold resistance, which also affects the fruiting season, which falls at the end of summer and lasts until late autumn.

At the same time, frosts have practically no effect on the organoleptic properties of the mushroom, which are completely restored during the heat treatment. I am also glad that these fruits are completely edible, so if they accidentally fall into the basket of a novice mushroom picker, then he certainly will not lose from this, especially considering the very good taste of the described variety. As for its unpleasant aroma, it can be partially neutralized during the cooking process, allowing you to use the harvested crop for cooking all kinds of hot dishes and pickles.

Golden row

Another double of the mushroom that smells of laundry soap is the golden ryadovka, which also grows in pine forests and spruce forests, forming mycorrhiza with conifers. However, not without significant differences, the knowledge of which eliminates confusion.

Among them is the absence of yellowness on the cap and a pink tint on the lamellar layer, as well as the presence of a pleasant fresh aroma, according to some sources, cucumber, and according to others, mealy.

On a note!

It is worth noting that this variety is also edible, so it can be safely eaten, both after preliminary processing and without it.

Greenfinch

It is noteworthy that this variety also smells like fresh cucumbers or just ground wheat, much like a golden row in this regard. Among other features of greenery, it is worth highlighting its yellow-greenish, and sometimes olive color, as well as growing on well-fertilized soil found in birch forests and mixed forest zones. This variety has much in common with the brown ryadovka covered with numerous brown specks, however, unlike the first type, the second has a strong mushroom smell, somewhat reminiscent of raw wood.

Of course, ryadovka is not the most delicious mushroom, although with proper preparation it is possible to get really good snacks worthy of even a festive table. Another thing is that the taste of the soap ryadovka clearly does not justify the risks to which mushroom pickers expose themselves when they decide to independently prepare their forestry.

Answers to common questions

The paths are often the topic of discussions for mushroom pickers. Below is a list of the most frequently asked questions about rows with answers to them:

September rows are usually located among mixed forests with a predominance of spruce. Outwardly, they are pleasing to the eye, dense, stately, with a good shape. There are many lovers of these spicy mushrooms with a peculiar specific aroma.

Smelly ryadovki are often found in October. They grow very widely near paths and in forest clearings. In October, it is imperative to sniff all the mushrooms. As a result, you will quickly identify these dangerous chemical-smelling mushrooms to eat. Then you will distinguish them from similar edible pigeon rows that do not smell.

In October, you can still find beautiful edible red and yellow rows. If the frost has not passed, then they are bright and attractive. After frost, the color of the cap fades.

Before heading into the forest, find out what row mushrooms look like and where they grow.

Description of the pigeon row

The hat of the pigeon ryadovka is fleshy, its diameter can reach up to 12 centimeters. The shape of the cap is hemispherical, and in the process of growth it opens, while the ends are bent down. The surface of the cap in young mushrooms is light with scales of a uniform color.

The flesh of the pigeon ryadovka is dense and thick, at the break it becomes pinkish. The smell and taste of the pulp are mild.The stem of this mushroom is powerful and high. The structure of the stem is fibrous.

Places of growth of rows of pigeons

These mushrooms grow singly or in small groups. They bear fruit from August to September. Rows of pigeons grow in mixed forests. They prefer to settle near birches and oaks. You can find them not only in the forest, but also in pastures and meadows.

Application of pigeon rows

Pigeon rows are edible mushrooms that are suitable for preparing a variety of dishes. They are great in sauces and soups.

You can also grill the rows and dry them for long-term storage. In addition, these mushrooms are good for decorating holiday dishes.

Pigeon ryadovki give meat dishes a unique aroma. Before cooking, the rows are soaked in cold water, and then the skin is removed from the caps. After that, it is necessary to carry out a 15-minute heat treatment.

For the winter, these mushrooms can be salted and pickled. For food, you can use both young rows and mature specimens that survived the first frosts.

Other mushrooms of this genus

A crowded row or a group row is a conditionally edible mushroom. It is characterized by a hat with a diameter of 4-10 centimeters, a hemispherical shape in youth, and then half-spread, while the edges curl upward, crack and become wavy. Mushrooms of various shapes and sizes are often found in one aggregate. The color of the caps is gray-brown, and the surface is smooth. The leg length is 5-10 centimeters, with a thickness of 0.5-1.5 centimeters. The lower part of the leg is often thickened. The legs grow together with the bases. The color of the legs ranges from white to brown.

The crowded rows are late mushrooms, they are found from late August to late October. They grow in various types of forests, giving preference to such areas as forest roads, meadows and parks. Most often they bear fruit in numerous aggregates. The crowded row is an edible but low quality mushroom because it has too tough flesh.

Rowing soap - conditionally edible mushroom. These mushrooms got their name due to the strong, rather unpleasant smell of laundry soap. Rows of soap have been growing since the beginning of autumn. They are found in various forests. Rowing soap is not a poisonous mushroom, but it makes no sense to collect it, because of the unpleasant smell and bitter taste.

The diameter of a row of soapy caps can reach 20 centimeters. The color of the cap is grayish, but in wet weather it changes to brown. The edges of the cap are thin and slightly fibrous. The pulp on the break turns red, which, along with the soapy smell, is a distinctive feature of this species. The root is root-shaped, it tapers downward. The entire surface of the leg is covered with small blackish scales.

Beneficial features

Edible rows
- a dietary and very useful product. It promotes liver regeneration, has a positive effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, removes toxins and toxins from the body.

Rich chemical composition of mushrooms:

• from vitamins: group B, A, K, PP, C, D2, D7 and betaine;
• from minerals: sodium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganese;
• from amino acids: threonine, alanine, phenylalanine, lysine, glutamic, stearic and asperganic acids;
• phenols;
• clitocin and fomecin, which are natural antibiotics that fight cancer cells and bacteria;
• flavonoids;
• polysaccharides;
• ergosterol.

Chemical analysis of edible mushroom rows
confirms their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant properties and a positive effect on immunity.

In addition, with the complex treatment of certain diseases, mushrooms have a positive effect. At:

• diabetes mellitus;
• arrhythmias;
• rheumatism;
• osteoporosis;
• surges in blood pressure;
• oncological diseases;
• diseases of the genitourinary system;
• diseases of the nervous system.

Conditionally edible ryadovka mushrooms

The category of conditionally edible mushrooms includes the following types of rows:

• silvery (scaly greasy);
• golden;
• shod;
• scaly (sweetener);
• yellow-red;
• bearded;
• greenfinch.

On the territory of Russia, the most common are:

1. The scaly row has a convex or flat-convex cap. A tubercle is visible in the middle. The surface of the hat is velvety, chocolate-colored. The leg is club-shaped. From above it is painted white, and from below it has a pink-brown or yellow-brown color. The pulp can be either white or creamy. At the break, it gives off a faint fruity aroma.

Row yellow-red
The bearded one has a conical cap with a pronounced tubercle in the center. Its surface is pinkish-brown or reddish-brown in color. In the center, the color tone is slightly darker. The leg expands towards the top. From below it has a reddish-brown tint, and from above it is pure white. The pulp does not have a pronounced smell or taste.

Inedible rowers

The following types of rowers fall into the category of inedible mushrooms:

• white-brown (white-brown);
• broken;
• open-shaped;
• rough;
• soapy;
• dark;
• different (isolated);
• sulfuric (sulfur-yellow);
• pointed.

In our territory, broken, rough, dark and isolated species are extremely rare. Consider in detail the common inedible species:

The white-brown ridge has a flattened cap with a tubercle and wavy edges. The surface is mucous. It can be wine brown or reddish brown. Dark streaks are visualized over the entire surface of the cap. The edges are pale. There is always a white spot on the velvety pinkish-brown stem. The pulp is white, smells like flour.

Inedible types of rows

Pseudo white
(Tricholoma pseudoalbum)

• It inhabits singly or in small groups in mixed or deciduous forests.
• It grows from August to October.

• At the beginning of growth, the cap is hemispherical, later becomes convex, reaching a diameter of 3-8 cm. Its color is white, cream or slightly pinkish.
• The leg grows up to 3-9 cm in height and 1.5 cm in width. It is the same shade as the hat: white, pinkish or creamy white.
• The pulp with a mealy odor, white at first, then slightly yellowish.
• The plates are of a creamy shade, at first slightly adherent, and then almost free.
• It has an unpleasant taste, therefore it is not eaten.

This species is similar in shape and size to the May row (Tricholoma gambosa). But the latter has greenish or pale pink areas on the cap.

Smelly
(Tricholoma inamoenum)

• Grows in groups or singly in moist areas of deciduous or mixed forests.
• The growing season is from June to October.

• The cap usually reaches 3-8 cm in diameter, but can grow up to 15 cm. Its surface is smooth, often bumpy, ivory or white, and as it grows, brownish or yellowish spots appear. At the beginning of growth, the cap has a hemispherical shape, and with age it is convex, with slightly wavy edges.
• The length of the leg grows up to 5-15 cm, and the thickness is up to 2 cm. It has a cylindrical shape, elastic and dense, the color is identical to the cap.
• The flesh is white, fleshy and firm. The representatives of this species are distinguished by a strong smelly smell, which is inherent in both young and old mushrooms. The smell is similar to light gas.
• Adherent mid-frequency plates can be white or cream in color.
• Because of the stench, these mushrooms are not edible. Even cooking does not eliminate it.

Often, at the beginning of growth, you can confuse the smelly rower with edible sulfur (Tricholoma portentosum). But it lives up to the name and the smelly smell is hard to miss. And the gray ryadovka has a pleasant mushroom aroma.