Light ocher webcap

Recipes for the winter

Cooking a yellow webcap is easy because the process is quite simple. The mushroom does not require soaking and boils quickly. It will take a little patience and time to prepare it for the winter.

Salting

Pre-boiled mushrooms are placed in a prepared container, sprinkling each layer with salt. There should also be salt below and above. It is not necessary to use any spices for salting, the spider web is good in its natural form, its taste will be excellent. On top, put cheesecloth folded in several layers, a plate and press everything down with a load.

After 2-3 days, the mushrooms will be covered with brine, you need to periodically rinse the gauze or change it to a new one. This will help to avoid the appearance of mold. After 3 weeks, you can try the mushrooms.

Many housewives add various spices to improve the taste of salted mushrooms. May come in handy:

• Bay leaf;
• Dill;
• Carnation;
• horseradish and currant leaves;
• garlic and others.

You can use them at will, the proportions are also respected at personal discretion.

Drying

If you want to keep the cobwebs in a dried form, then preliminary boiling is not required. It is better not to wash the mushrooms, it is enough to clean the forest debris. After that, string on a string and hang in a sunny, well-ventilated place.

You can dry the fruits in the oven, for this, the oven is heated to 70 degrees, the pans on the baking sheet are installed inside. Turn them over from time to time to dry evenly. After 6-7 hours, the mushrooms are removed. Fruiting bodies should be cooled and placed in a closed container. Store in a dark place free of foreign odors.

Canning in jars

In order to preserve the podolotnik, for 2 kg of mushrooms you will need:

• salt - 300 g;
• dill - 3 umbrellas;
• horseradish leaf - 3 pcs.;
• garlic - 3 cloves;
• vegetable oil - 200 ml.

Cooking process:

1. The washed and peeled mushrooms should be boiled in salted water for 40 minutes.
2. Arrange the fruits in jars, add dill, garlic to each, and place a horseradish leaf on the bottom.
3. Pour everything with broth, add 2 tbsp. To each jar on top. l. oils.
4. Now you can roll up, cool and put away in a cool dark place.

This recipe is very simple, the main thing is that the jars are pre-steamed with boiling water and completely clean.

Definitioner

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi.In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Pileipellis

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Webcap purple

The purple webcap (Latin name - Cortinarius Violaceus) is an edible mushroom of extraordinary beauty. Quite often it can be found in deciduous and coniferous forests. This plant is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, as it is a very rare species of mushrooms.

The webcap belongs to the Lepista genus, to the Buttercup family. The following characteristic will present all the features of this plant.

Edible: conditionally edible.

Description

The purple spider web, or sometimes it is called the purple spiderweb, is the adornment of any forest. Despite the fact that it is conditionally edible, it is not recommended to collect it due to its uniqueness. During the mushroom season, it can be found only once. Its number decreases every year.

The mushroom cap can be up to 15 cm in diameter. It can be hemispherical or flat. There is a tubercle in the center. A young mushroom has a purple cap. In rare cases, its color may be red. It can fade over time. In the lower part there are wide plates.

The pulp at the break has a blue tint, and the smell of the mushroom is almost not felt. The pulp is quite fragile, it is easy to break it in your hands.

The stem of the mushroom is long and pleasant to the touch. The same can be said about armor. A thickening can be seen towards the base. During maturation, the stem can become tubular. The outer layer of the fungus is purple in color.

Where do they grow?

Very often, a purple cobweb can be found in damp birch forests. It can appear under spruce and pine trees. The most popular are single specimens, but groups of cobwebs are also rare.

Types of cobwebs

There are many varieties of cobwebs. The following are the most common ones:

• White and purple spider web. This mushroom cap belongs to the lamellar group. Its cap can reach 12 cm in diameter, and its edges are connected to the stem with a cobweb blanket. The flesh of the mushroom can be brown or light brown. It tastes and smells good.

• Scaly webcap. Its cap can be about 10 cm in diameter, it is convex or flat. In wet weather, it is slimy and shiny.

• The webcap is yellow. The most common representative of cobwebs, sometimes it is called yellow or triumphant spiderweb.

Beneficial features

The webcap contains many vitamins. It is composed of B1 and B2, zinc, copper, manganese. This mushroom is characterized by stearic acid and ergosterol. The medicinal properties of this plant are noted by many pharmacists. Such a conditionally edible mushroom is used in the manufacture of remedies for fungus, antibiotics. It is able to lower glucose levels. It can also be used to create drugs that control hypoglycemia. The cobweb has anti-inflammatory properties, it perfectly supports the activity of the immune system. Due to the large amount of vitamins, it helps to normalize the digestive tract, it also protects the body from infections and prevents overwork, fatigue.

Contraindications

If you take into account how much benefit this mushroom has in itself, you can understand that the contraindications here are insignificant.Some edible mushrooms can be confused with inedible mushrooms. The threat is posed by cobwebs that were collected near the road. They managed to absorb all the toxic substances. Such mushrooms are contraindicated for people with gastrointestinal diseases.

How to make a purple spider web salting?

To salt such a mushroom, it must be thoroughly washed and cleaned of contaminated areas. Then they are boiled in salted water. The water needs to be drained and then you can proceed to pickling the mushrooms.

You need to marinate them with vinegar, sunflower oil, salt and pepper. The mushrooms need to be immersed in a saucepan, add the listed ingredients and put on low heat. Spiderweb mushrooms will secrete a liquid in which salting occurs. Then they can be laid out in banks and stored for no more than 12 months in a cool place.

Autumn feeding

Caring for lilies in the fall consists in properly preparing the plant for winter, and it must be carried out long before the onset of cold weather. Immediately after flowering, it is recommended to feed the lily with potassium superphosphate, this will help the bulbs ripen and grow stronger faster.

In September, the lily should be treated with a Bordeaux mixture, since prolonged rains can provoke the appearance of pests and diseases, which is definitely not desirable in the final phase of the growing season. To do this, using a spray bottle, they are sprayed with the drug.

For 1 sq. meter of soil area is taken:

• 30-40 g of superphosphate (or 20 g of double superphosphate);
• 35 g of potassium magnesium or potassium sulfate.

The introduction of top dressing helps to obtain nutrients and nutrients for the bulbs.

Fertilizer powder is scattered around the flowers, the soil is slightly loosened to a depth of 4 cm and the flower garden is watered abundantly.

Instead of superphosphate and potassium magnesium, you can apply special fertilizers for the autumn feeding of bulbous flowers. Garden shops sell the corresponding mixtures under the brands of Kemir, Fertik.

For supporters of organic farming, it is recommended to add to the soil:

• bone meal rich in phosphorus,
• wood ash containing potassium.

2-3 weeks after top dressing, the soil around the plants is spilled with a Bordeaux mixture. You can buy it ready-made in a store or make it yourself from an aqueous solution of lime and copper sulfate.

Bordeaux mixture has a disinfectant effect and destroys pathogens of fungal diseases, pests. Liquid consumption - at least 10 liters per 1 sq. m.

Plants that are not planned to be dug up for the winter should be processed.

Top dressing

Immediately after these perennials have faded, fertilizers should be applied under them, which include potassium and phosphorus. For example, you can use potassium sulfate (potassium sulfate) and superphosphate, 30-40 grams per 1 sq. meter of a bed or flower bed, or a special ready-made mineral fertilizer marked "Autumn". For lovers of organic farming, bone meal (phosphorus) and wood ash (potassium), 100 grams per 1 sq. meter.

Such a potassium-phosphorus fertilizing will allow the plants to mature by the onset of winter, recuperate after abundant flowering and prepare for the onset of cold weather. These fertilizers will allow the root system to receive a large amount of nutrients and better withstand cold weather, as well as in the spring will make it possible to grow faster in the aerial part of the flowers.

The main feeding is over, but the care of flowering perennials continues.

This is followed by a couple of times sprinkle the lilies with copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid. Such treatment will protect the plants from possible diseases during the rainy season.

Nitrogen fertilizers and manure are not applied in the fall under the lilies. Nitrogen contributes to the active growth of greenery, which is not needed in the fall.

Only ash obtained from burning wood or grass (hay, fallen leaves) is suitable for fertilization. Ashes from paper, polyethylene, plastic are poisonous!

Common webcap (Cortinarius trivialis) what it looks like, where and how it grows, edible or not

Common webcap: photo and description

The common webcap (lat.Cortinarius trivialis) is a small mushroom of the Cobweb family. The second name - Pribolotnik - he received for preference to growing conditions. It is found in wet, swampy areas.

A detailed description of the Common Webcap with photos and videos is presented below.

Description of the common webcap

The mushroom was called a cobweb for a kind of "veil" of a cobweb film that is present in young specimens. The rest of the appearance is unremarkable.

Description of the hat

Pribolotnik's cap is small: 3-8 cm in diameter. At the initial stage of development, it has the shape of a hemisphere, which is later revealed. The color of the cap ranges from pale yellow tones to ocher and light brown shades. The core is darker than the edges.

The cap is sticky to the touch, there is a small amount of mucus on it. The surface of the hymenophore is lamellar. In young fruit bodies, it is white, and in mature specimens it darkens to yellowish and brown tones.

The pulp is dense and fleshy, white, with a harsh odor.

Leg description

The leg is 6-10 cm in height, the diameter is 1.5-2 cm. Slightly narrowed towards the base. There are specimens with a reverse structure - there is a small expansion at the bottom. The color of the leg is white, closer to the ground it darkens to a brown tint. Above from the cobweb blanket are brown concentric fibrous bands. From the middle of the leg to the base - weakly expressed.

Where and how it grows

Podbolnik can be found under birches and aspens, rarely under alder. It rarely lives in coniferous forests. Grows singly or in small groups in damp places.

In Russia, the distribution area of ​​the species falls on the middle climatic zone.

Fruiting from July to September.

Edible webcap common or not

The nutritional properties of the Common Webcap have not been studied, but it does not apply to edible mushrooms. This species cannot be eaten.

Related specimens contain dangerous toxins in the pulp.

Poisoning symptoms, first aid

The danger of toxic species of this family is that the first signs of poisoning appear gradually: up to 1-2 weeks after eating mushrooms. Symptoms look like this:

• intense thirst;
• nausea, vomiting;
• stomach ache;
• spasms in the lumbar region.

If you find the first signs of poisoning, you must urgently consult a doctor or call an ambulance. Before receiving qualified treatment, you need to:

• flush the stomach using activated charcoal;
• plentiful drink (3-5 tbsp. boiled water in small sips);
• take a laxative to cleanse the intestines.

Doubles and their differences

The podbolnik is confused with other members of the family, as they are quite similar. The greatest similarity is noted with the mucous webcap (lat.Cortinarius mucosus).

The hat is 5-10 cm in diameter. It has a thin edge and a thick center, abundantly covered with transparent mucus. The leg is slender, cylindrical, 6-12 cm long, 1-2 cm thick.

It differs from Pribolotnik in abundant mucus and the shape of a cap.

Grows in coniferous and mixed forests under pine trees. Bears fruit singly.

The slime webcap (lat.Cortinarius mucifluus) is another twin of the Pribolotnik, which is confused with the mucous webcap because of a similar name. The hat with a diameter of 10-12 cm is abundantly covered with mucus. The stem is 20 cm long in the form of a spindle, also covered with mucus. Prefers coniferous forests.

It differs from Pribolotnik in abundant mucus and a longer leg.

Conclusion

The common webcap is an inedible mushroom, its properties have not been fully studied.Can be confused with other members of the family, the use of which is not recommended. The greatest similarity is noted with the Slime Webcap and the Slime Webcap, but they can be distinguished by their cap. In the latter, it is abundantly covered with mucus.

Additional information about the common webcap:

Myxacium (Fr.) Loud. - Mixcium

Oiled webcap

Spider web yellowish white

Webcap blue

Dripping cobweb

Trembling cobweb

Fruit bodies are medium fleshy.

The cap is hygrophilous or non-hygrophilous, slimy, sometimes sticky. The hyphae of the skin are 7–20 µm in diameter.

The leg is slimy, sticky.

The covers are mucous.

Spores are ellipsoidal, almost spherical, almond-shaped or lemon-shaped, rough or coarsely warty.

• Cortinarius aerugineoconicus E. Horak, 1990
• Cortinarius archeri Berk., 1860
• Cortinarius arvinaceus Fr., 1838 - Fat webcap
• Cortinarius austroalbidus Cleland & J.R. Harris, 1948
• Cortinarius basipurpureus (Bougher) Peintner & Mos., 2002
• Cortinarius bellus E. Horak, 1990
• Cortinarius betulinus Favre, 1948 - Birch webcap
• Cortinarius bundarus Grgur., 1989
• Cortinarius causticus Fr., 1838 - Acid webcap, or pungent
• Cortinarius collinitus (Sow.: Fr.) Fr., 1838 typus - Staining webcap
• Cortinarius costaricensis Ammirati, Halling & Garnica, 2007
• Cortinarius croceo-coeruleus (Pers.: Fr.) Fr., 1851 - Saffron-blue webcap
• Cortinarius crystallinus Fr., 1838 - Crystal webcap, or crystal clear
• Cortinarius cucumeris E. Horak, 1990
• Cortinarius cycneus E. Horak, 1990
• Cortinarius delibutus Fr., 1838 - Cobweb smeared, or oiled
• Cortinarius eburneus (Velen.) Henry ex Bon, 1985 - Yellowish-white webcap
• Cortinarius emollitus Fr., 1838 - Soft or softened webcap
• Cortinarius emunctus Fr., 1838 - Steel-blue webcap
• Cortinarius epipoleus Fr., 1838 - Epipolean webcap
• Cortinarius erythraeus Berk., 1845
• Cortinarius favrei Mos. ex Henderson, 1958 - Favre's Webcap
• Cortinarius ignotus E. Horak 1990
• Cortinarius illibatus Fr., 1838 - Whole webcap
• Cortinarius indolicus E. Horak, 1990
• Cortinarius iodes Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1853
• Cortinarius lividoochraceus (Berk.) Berk., 1836 - Lead-buffy webcap, or high
• Cortinarius magellanicus Speg., 1887
• Cortinarius marmoratus E. Horak, 1990
• Cortinarius metrodii Henry, 1985 - Metrod's Webcap
• Cortinarius microarcheri Cleland, 1933
• Cortinarius mucifluus Fr., 1838 - Slimy webcap
• Cortinarius mucosus (Bull.: Fr.) J. Kickx f., 1867 - Slimy webcap
• Cortinarius ochroleucus (Schaeff.: Fr.) Fr., 1838 - Cobweb ocher-white, or reddish-whitish
• Cortinarius olorinatus E. Horak, 1990
• Cortinarius pluviorus (J. Schaeff.: Mos.) Mos., 1967 - Rain webcap
• Cortinarius pluvius (Fr.) Fr., 1838 - Rainy webcap
• Cortinarius porphyrophaeus E. Horak, 1990
• Cortinarius pumilus (Fr.) J. Lange 1940 - Dwarf webcap
• Cortinarius salor Fr., 1838 - Blue webcap, or lilac
• Cortinarius sinapicolor Cleland, 1933
• Cortinarius stillatitius Fr., 1838 - Dripping webcap, or blue-footed
• Cortinarius subarcheri Cleland, 1928
• Cortinarius subarvinaceus Cleland, 1927
• Cortinarius taylorianus E. Horak, 1990
• Cortinarius trivialis J. Lange, 1935 - Common webcap
• Cortinarius vanduzerensis A.H. Sm. & Trappe, 1972
• Cortinarius vibratilis (Fr.) Fr., 1838 - Trembling webcap, or bitter, or iridescent
• Cortinarius viscoviridis E. Horak, 1990

Yellow webcap (Cortinarius triumphans)

• Other names for the mushroom:
• Triumphal webcap
• Pantaloons yellow
• Pantaloons triumphal

Synonyms:

• Triumphal webcap
• Pantaloons yellow
• Pantaloons triumphal

Yellow Webcap Hat:
Diameter 7-12 cm, in youth it is hemispherical, with age it becomes cushion-shaped, half-extended; noticeable scraps of cobweb cover often remain along the edges. Color - orange-yellow, in the central part, as a rule, darker; the surface is sticky, although it can dry out in very dry weather. The flesh of the cap is thick, soft, white-yellowish in color, with an almost pleasant smell, not typical for cobwebs.

Plates:
Weakly adherent, narrow, frequent, light cream in youth, change color with age, acquiring a smoky and then gray-brown color. In young specimens, they are completely covered with a light cobweb blanket.

Spore powder:
Rusty brown.

Leg:
The leg of a yellow spider web is 8-15 cm high, 1-3 cm thick, in youth it is strongly thickened in the lower part, with age it acquires a regular cylindrical shape. In young specimens, bracelet-like remains of the cortina are clearly visible.

Spreading:
The yellow webcap grows from mid-August to the end of September in deciduous forests, forming mycorrhiza mainly with birch. Prefers dry places; can be considered a companion of the black mushroom (Lactarius necator). The place and time of the most intensive fruiting of these two species often coincide.

Similar species:
The yellow webcap is one of the easiest cobwebs to define. Nevertheless, there are indeed a lot of similar species. The yellow webcap is classified only by a combination of characteristics - from the shape of the fruiting body to the time and place of growth.

Edibility:
The yellow webcap in foreign sources is classified as inedible mushrooms; Russian authors have a different opinion. SOUTH. Semenov in his book calls the yellow spider web the most delicious cobweb.

Remarks Black milk mushroom and yellow webcap are what stands in front of your eyes after several days of forest fermentation in mid-September. A lump in a basket, a cobweb in the forest. I'll have to try the other way around somehow. It is interesting to get acquainted with the yellow spider web from the culinary side, but of course, it is not possible to collect both abundant mushrooms at the same time. You have to choose.