Wheeled

Dry (Marasmius siccus)

Current title

Systematic position

Etymology of the species epithet

Synonyms

• Agaricus siccus Schwein., Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Leipzig 1:84 (1822)
• Chamaeceras siccus (Schwein.) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 3: 457 (1898)

Habit

Fruit body: Cap and stem (agaricoid)

Hymenophore: Lamellar (including folded or with rudimentary plates)

Hat

The cap is 0.8 - 1.5 cm, radially ribbed-furrowed, bell-shaped, convex, almost spread, matte, orange-brown to red-brown.

The plates are almost free, rare, light, cream.

Leg

Leg 4 - 6 × 0.1 cm, shiny, rigid, like a string, black-brown, white-pubescent at the top, at the base with a rosette of long dirty walnut filaments of mycelium.

Microscopy

Spores 15 - 23.5 × (2.5) 3.0 - 4.5 (5.0) µm, narrow-clavate, clavate, fusiform, sometimes slightly curved.

Basidia 20 - 40 × 5.0 - 9.0 μm, clavate, 4-spore.

Ecology and distribution

Grows in groups on dried leaves, needles, small twigs.

Fruiting

The divisions correspond to the decades of the month.

Nutritional properties

Related materials

1. Vasilyeva L.N. - L .: "Science", 1973. - 331 p. - P. 137
2. Antonin V., Noordeloos N. E. A monograph of Marasmius, Collybia and related genera in Europe. Part 1: Marasmius, Setulipes and Marasmiellus. - Eching: IHW-VERLAG, (Libri botanici, Vol. 8), 1993 .-- 229 p. - P. 81.

Link to this page for prints

Ageev D.V., Bulonkova T.M. Dry Negnium (Marasmius siccus) - Mushrooms of Siberia URL: https://mycology.su/marasmius-siccus.html (date accessed: 26.01.2020).

Share link

Discussions

OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOO OOOì

Age restrictions

Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2010 No. 436-FZ "On the Protection of Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development."

Control

2010–2019 All rights reserved.

Definitioner

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

Edible wild mushrooms

Among the edible mushrooms that most often grow in meadows are meadow mushrooms or meadow mushrooms, champignons and ryadovki.Somewhat less common are white and white milk, white and black milk mushrooms, usually near groves and forests. Most species of meadow mushrooms do not differ in nutritional value and taste from their counterparts collected in the forest.

As experienced mushroom pickers know, it is possible to return home with "prey" not only from the forest, but also from the meadow. Meadow mushrooms are varied and tasty, but you should be careful when picking so that the mushroom feast does not turn into poisoning.

Description of the mushroom

Meadow honey fungus (Latin name Marasmius oreades, Agaricus oreades) is a mushroom with a conditionally edible purpose, belonging to the IV class in the edibility classification. Belongs to the genus Marasmius, the family Marasmiaceae, the class Agaricomycetes.

Also referred to as:

• Marasmius meadow;
• Meadow nematodes;
• Clove mushroom;
• Meadow;
• Meadow talker.

Other names of honey mushroom speak for themselves.Its flesh on the cut has a spicy clove aroma, and it was nicknamed the non-pot for its unique property of self-regeneration and the absence of decay processes. Over time, the mushroom simply dries up on the vine, and after getting wet, it comes to life and can bear fruit again.

You can distinguish a meadow from other similar mushrooms by the following characteristics:

The hat with a diameter of 3 to 9 cm has a spherical shape with a tubercle in the center and uneven and ribbed, almost transparent edges that differ in color from the central part. With aging, it becomes slightly convex, cupped or flat, but the tubercle remains. The color varies from reddish brown, ocher to yellowish. In dry weather, the cap becomes lighter and changes its tone to pale brown or cream, and in high humidity it becomes sticky and sticky.

The hymenophore (the lower part of the cap, covered with a spore-bearing layer - hymenium) belongs to the lamellar type. The plates are rare, wide, The color changes depending on weather conditions: during rain it becomes ocher, and in drought - white or light cream. In young fruiting bodies, the plates fit tightly to the stem, in old ones, they are located at a distance from it.

The pulp is thin, light yellow or milky; when cut, it does not change its color. The aroma contains subtle notes of bitter almonds and cloves. Has a slightly sweetish aftertaste.

The height of the leg ranges from 4-11 cm. It is cylindrical in shape, sinuous, thin, closer to the cap it is narrower. It has a velvety structure, covered with a powdery coating. The color is similar to the hat's palette.

A bit of history

Marasmius oreades was first described by the British scientist, mycologist and ornithologist James Bolton. He is also mentioned in the illustrated collection of mycology by Jacob Christian Gottlieb Schaeffer, a German scientist, biologist and mycologist.

Growing at home and in the country

Meadow honey fungus can be cultivated in a summer cottage. For sowing mycelium, you should choose areas with a sufficient level of shade: near deciduous trees or bushes, in the beds. It is not necessary to loosen the soil and remove weeds. The mycelium is sown from September to the first days of December or from the end of February to May. One package of mycelium is enough for about 2.5-3 sq. m.

How to grow meadow mushrooms:

1. Lay a layer of humus or compost on the garden bed at least 5-10 cm.
2. Moisturize.
3. Sow mycelium.

Additional insulation is not required. This mushroom tolerates a drop in temperature normally. The first crop will appear in 2-3 months. From 1 sq. m per month receive up to 6 kg of meadow mushrooms, and the planting itself bears fruit for 4-6 years.

Periodically, the mycelium needs to be fertilized. This is done in the autumn, when the mushroom stops bearing fruit. To do this, humus is poured onto the garden bed, but dried plant residues can also be used.

For those wishing to harvest throughout the year, it is advisable to plant meadows in plastic bags or boxes, which should be installed in garages, utility rooms, basements. The temperature should be maintained within the range from + 5 ° C to 30 ° C, and the humidity should be at least 70%.

Branchless nematode (branch marasmiellus): photo and description

Branching iris or branch marasmiellus, the Latin name is Marasmius ramealis. The mushroom belongs to the family of Negniychnikovye.

The lamellar non-iron pot consists of a central leg and a cap

What does the branchless pottery look like?

Small fragile fruiting bodies with a uniform color and a darker fragment in the central part of the cap. The color is creamy with a pinkish tinge, does not change during the entire growing season.

In wet weather, the surface is slightly slimy

Description of the hat

The shape changes during the growing season, in young specimens it is rounded, convex, of the correct shape. Then a depression appears in the center, the cap becomes prostrate with concave wavy or even edges.

• diameter in mature specimens is within 1.5 cm;
• the surface is silky, glossy, with slight radial ribbing along the edge;
• spore-bearing layer of white with a pink tint;
• the plates are loose, thin, sparsely located, and do not change color when the spores mature.

The pulp is white, monochromatic, thin and fragile, the structure is springy.

Young mushrooms are all the same and proportional in shape

Leg description

The stem is cylindrical, thin, central. If the mushroom cluster is compact, it can be curved in the central part. In single specimens, it grows upright. The structure is fine-fibered brittle, the middle is hollow. The surface is colored the same as the upper part of the fruiting body, perhaps a tone darker near the mycelium.

The surface of the leg is covered with flocculent segments

Where and how it grows

The sprigel nematus is widespread in Russia throughout the European part, the Primorsky Territory, Siberia and the Caucasus. Saprophytes grow on decaying wood, mainly on branches, less often on stumps in a damp, shaded place. Long-term fruiting - from June to the onset of winter. Forms dense colonies occupying vast areas, single specimens are almost never found.

Is the mushroom edible or not

Due to its small size and fine structure of the fruiting body, it does not represent nutritional value.

There are no toxins in the chemical composition, but non-nematous sprig is a poorly studied species, therefore, use is undesirable.

Doubles and their differences

Outwardly, the oak garlic looks like a branch marasmiellus. The fruiting body is small in size, but the color is darker with a pale yellow tint and a brown fragment in the center of the cap. It grows on litter or wood debris, mainly under oak trees. The species is conditionally edible.

A mushroom with a pungent garlic smell, it is used as a seasoning

Conclusion

Twig nematozoa is a small mushroom that grows on fallen branches or decaying stumps. Due to the structure of the fruiting body and the insignificant size of the nutritional value, it does not represent a branchless inedible species. Fruiting in compact groups from the beginning of summer until the onset of frost.

Doubles - you should be on your guard!

An illustrative example allows you to identify real meadows from false ones after the first quiet hunt, carried out together with an experienced mushroom picker. The experience and knowledge transferred at the time of mushrooming is unlikely to be replaced by an encyclopedia, a short description and photo examples. However, if there is no such option for studying the distinctive features, you can start OZS with the help of alternative options. Combining all the minor options, a beginner who decided to join the mushroom business can easily cope with the first hunt.

The most common mistake, both for beginners and experienced mushroom pickers, is the collection of wood-loving colibia. Instead of meadow representatives, it often ends up in baskets and buckets of lovers of quiet hunting. True, in comparison with other similar outward types, this twin is harmless. Its alternative name is spring (summer) honey agaric. Germination lasts until mid-August. You can meet him not only in the forest zone, but also in open areas, where grass and weeds grow. The representative of the Negniychnikov species belongs to conditionally edible mushrooms and is well suited for consumption after heat treatment and primary boiling. And although its value is minimal, the mushroom has connoisseurs who prefer mushroom dishes without a pronounced aroma and taste.

The second counterpart of meadow mushroom is oil colibia.Another conditionally edible mushroom of large size. The appearance is almost identical to the meadowsweet. It differs only in the absence of aroma and bright taste of mushrooms.

Not to confuse meadow mushrooms with colibia or other mushrooms, simple but understandable distinctive features will allow:

1) the bulge located in the middle of the hat. In edible mushrooms, it is more pronounced than in fellows;

2) the plates should be sparse, but uniform, painted in the same color. If there are blotches and irregularities, red or reddish spots, the mushrooms have nothing to do with the mushrooms. Most likely there was a collibia on the way;

3) any mushrooms smell good, and meadows are no exception to the rule. Comparing edible non-nippers to colibia, the latter have a repulsive scent, reminiscent of spoiled food or mold. Honey mushrooms have an unusual aroma, combining notes of mushroom with spicy cloves.

The poisonous counterpart of meadow honey agaric remains the white talker. Its alternative name is whitish. After its use, the symptoms appear quickly, regardless of the chosen method of heat treatment and the amount of use. Symptoms of poisoning become well pronounced after 45-70 minutes. Signs entail: dizziness, loss of consciousness, cold sweat, sudden dizziness, stabbing pain in the abdomen.

Only a beginner mushroom picker who has no experience in quiet hunting can confuse a white talker with a meadow mushroom. Striking distinctive features are striking even from afar. The first are large, reminiscent of autumn mushrooms, with a snow-white hat, turned towards the leg. The smooth edge has no jags or irregularities.

Today, there are many varieties of talkers. Some are conditionally edible, the second are inedible, and the third are completely poisonous, capable of bringing irreparable harm to health. In total, there are more than 200 species.

It is worth being extremely careful when collecting meadow mushrooms in certain regions where fibrils grow. Despite the large number of varieties, every mushroom in the family is poisonous. By external signs, it clearly differs from honey agarics. The plates are grayish, darken in adulthood, becoming yellow-brown and even brown.