The tenderest non-fluff (the wiltstein non-fluff, marasmius wettsteinii): what it looks like, where and how it grows, edible or not

Spherical refractory: photo and description

Spherical Negnium is an edible member of the Negnium family. The Latin name for this specimen is Marasmius wynnei.

What does the spherical non-iron pot look like?

The fruiting body of the spherical nonnium is represented by a small white cap and a thin stem of a dark shade. The spores are ellipsoidal, smooth and colorless.

Description of the hat

In a young mushroom, the cap is convex, with age it becomes prostrate. It differs in a rather small size, which varies from 2 to 4 cm. The surface is smooth and white, with aging it can acquire a gray-purple hue. The edges are uneven, ribbed. On the inside, rare, white and pale gray plates are located high.

Leg description

The leg of the spherical non-nylon is rather short, its maximum length reaches about 4 cm, and the thickness is 2 - 2.5 mm. Slightly widened at the top. At the base, the color of the leg is brown, smoothly turning into light, matching the shade of the upper part.

Where and how it grows

The active development of this species falls on the period from July to October. The spherical iris prefers deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests. As a rule, it grows on deciduous litter, less often it grows on conifers.

Is the mushroom edible or not

Belongs to the category of edible mushrooms. It is believed that this specimen is suitable for use in food in any form, however, it is preferable to boil or salt it.

Doubles and their differences

The spherical iris has external similarities with the following varieties of forest gifts:

1. Amanita muscaria that is poisonous. At a young age, it is difficult to confuse it, since at the stage of maturation, the cap is hidden by a veil, but with age it opens and acquires similar features with the species in question. One of the main differences from the globular nonnium is the rather large size of the fruiting body. So, the diameter of the cap of the fly agaric is more than twice and is about 10 cm. In addition, even an inexperienced mushroom picker will notice a cup-shaped volva near the base of the leg, which belongs to a poisonous mushroom.
2. Common garlic - has a similarly shaped cap, however, a distinctive feature is the frequent arrangement of the plates, as well as a noticeable speck of a darker color located in the center of the cap. In addition, the double has a pronounced smell of garlic, for which it received the corresponding name. Edible.

Conclusion

It is possible to distinguish the globular nonnium from other mushrooms by its short brown stalk, rare plates and a white hat. You can meet him in almost any forest, as well as on lawns and in artisanal thickets. Having seen such a specimen, you should not pass by, since it belongs to the edible gifts of the forest.

Wheeled Nebnichnik - description, poisonousness of the mushroom

Wheeled non-fungus is an inedible species of mushrooms belonging to the non-fungus family. The Latin name for this species is Marasmius rotula.

Description

The cap of representatives of this type of mushroom is rather modest in size and reaches only 10 -15 mm in diameter. At the beginning of development, the shape of this part of the fungus is spherical, with growth it straightens and becomes more extended.In the central part of the cap, you can see a characteristic, albeit narrow, but rather deep depression. The surface of the cap itself has a fibrous structure, which makes it possible to clearly see all its details (tubercles, depressions). At the first glance at the mushroom, it may seem that the cap of the non-pot has absolutely no pulp, nevertheless, the latter is very thin and almost visually inseparable from the lamellar body. At the beginning of growth, the cap of the specimens is very light; with the growth of the fungus, it acquires a gray-yellow color. The aroma of the pulp, although weak, is quite sharp.

White plates are located with small gaps, most often grow to the characteristic collar bordering the mushroom leg. The spore powder has the same color as the lamellar body.

The Negnichnik has a rather thin leg, the length of which reaches 80 mm. This part of the mushroom is dark in color, almost black at the base.

Similarities with other species

Often this type of inedible mushroom is confused with Bullar's non-fungus, which has almost the same appearance (white color of the fruiting body, and a characteristic wheel-like shape). Nevertheless, the main difference between the wheel-like non-nipple is the presence of a pronounced collar located in the upper part of the leg, to which the plates descending from the lamellar body are attached.

Edibility

According to the available information, the wheel-shaped nonnium does not belong to the poisonous species of mushrooms, however, it is also not used in cooking, which is due to its very modest size.

Features of the view

The main feature of this type of mushroom is that during dry periods the non-fungi dry out almost completely, however, this does not mean their complete death. With the onset of the rainy season, the representatives of this species are completely restored to their previous form, and they begin to bear fruit and grow again.

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that this type of mushroom, in fact, has no practical value. The only thing that scientists stand out is an enzyme like MroAPO contained in this mushroom, which is a kind of biosensor used for the analysis of aromatic substances.

Other non-burners

The Marasmius family of mushrooms includes about 500 different species, and only a small part of them are edible. The rest of the species, as a rule, are not collected, often the reason for this is the unattractive appearance of the mushrooms and their modest size.

Such a species as the most delicate non-pot is a modest-sized fungus that does not have any nutritional value. At the beginning of development, specimens of this species have a hemispherical cap, which straightens out with the growth of the fungus. In adult mushrooms, in the center of the cap there is a small tubercle of a characteristic dark brick color. The body of the cap is rather thin, the edge is wavy with rare radial folds. At the beginning of development, the cap is white; it darkens with the growth of mushrooms. The leg, like the cap, is of a deep brown color. The peak of fruiting of this type of non-nippers is from mid-summer to mid-autumn. Most often, these mushrooms are found in mixed forests.

Lilac and late autumn mushrooms

Not all mushroom pickers know, but in addition to the Polish mushrooms mentioned above, a number of their other relatives complete their fruiting in November. Did you know that in the first half of November the life cycle of mushrooms - both meadow and forest mushrooms comes to an end?

At the same time, edible umbrella mushrooms, which are gaining popularity among gourmet mushroom pickers, are encountered. Unlike the variegated summer-autumn season that is rich in mushroom-umbrella, in November it is much more common to find another species of it - the mushroom-umbrella reddening.

The well-known and beloved autumn mushrooms, which appear at the end of August, feel quite good at the beginning of the last month of autumn. Generally speaking, it turned out that autumn mushrooms are not one type of mushroom, but several species similar to each other.Auricularia membranous Auricularia mesenterica Due to its gristly consistency, it is a very interesting edible mushroom.

Although the taste of the mushroom is fresh, you can eat it ... raw with salt, or you can simply fry it in a pan. In the Moscow region it grows locally, along deep ravines and hollows, on dead fallen trees, quite massively. Common chanterelles Cantharellus cibarius The edible mushroom is well known to all.

mushroom picker notes

In the middle of this October, young chanterelles have already climbed. Last year they met until mid-December. Stropharia blue-green Stropharia aeruginosa Edible mushroom, although not very tasty.

Last year I met until early December. Orange tremor Tremella mesenterica An original edible mushroom for real gourmets. It has a delicate texture, and the orange color will decorate the original dish.

People have voted. It is well known that the mushrooms were November and December and years. October of this year also encourages lovers of quiet hunting ... Of course, at the end of October you can still see white, boletus, boletus, and autumn mushrooms. But they do not make the weather in the mushroom kingdom in late autumn.

With a shiver, you can make an omelet that melts in your mouth or a delicious soup. It grows throughout the winter, during the thaw, and in early spring.

The best place to look for the fungus is in the hazel tree on dead branches. Last year, it grew especially massively in the first half of December. Collybia oily Collybia butyracea Edible mushroom, but not very tasty, so it is better to take young mushrooms with caps not yet opened.

One of the most widespread late autumn mushrooms, it grows in groups on the soil. Can be dried. Last year, the collibia met until the first half of December. Ice mushroom Tremellodon gelatinosum Another original edible mushroom with a gelatinous consistency.

Its cap is decorated with translucent spines. Unfortunately, the ice mushroom is quite rare and scarce. Last year it was met at the end of October, and this October the author has already come across a couple of times. Strobilurus edible Strobilurus esculentus These edible mushrooms grow on spruce cones. Usually, they grow massively in the spring, but they are not uncommon in the fall. The mushrooms are small, of no particular interest.

Negniichnik dry: photo and description

Dry Negniychnikov is a member of the Negniychnikov family. The Latin name for this species is Marasmius siccus, which also has a number of synonyms: Chamaeceras siccus and Agaricus siccus.

What does a dry non-drip look like?

The mushroom is shaped like an umbrella

The fruit body of the specimen in question consists of a small cap and a long stem. The pulp is very thin, has a slight odor and a bitter taste.

Description of the hat

Always grows in large groups

At the initial stage of ripening, the cap of the dry non-pot is bell-shaped or cushion-shaped; as it grows, it acquires an almost prostrate shape. In its central part, there may be a tubercle or a pronounced flat zone, less often - a small depression. The cap is small in size, it is only 0.5 to 3 cm. It is painted in bright red-brown or orange-brown shades, it fade in old mushrooms. In the central part of the cap, the saturated color lasts longer than along its edges. The surface is smooth, dry and matt with a pronounced radial groove.

On the inner side of the cap, there are rare, almost free, or adhered toothed plates. Painted in light cream or pale yellow tones. Spores are cylindrical or fusiform, smooth, sometimes slightly curved.

Leg description

Grows throughout the summer and in the first half of autumn

For such a small cap, the leg of a dry non-nylon is considered to be rather long, the height of which ranges from 2.5 to 7 cm. Its maximum thickness in diameter reaches about 1.5 mm.It is characterized as central, rigid, straight or slightly curved, even, without bulging. The surface is shiny, smooth to the touch. The upper part of the leg is colored white or light yellow, while the lower part is dominated by dark brown or black shades. At the base there is a white felt mycelium.

Where and how it grows

The optimal time for growing is the period from June to September. Most often, dry non-nipple dwells in deciduous forests on shallow deadwood or leaf litter, less often on needles. Widely distributed in Asia, America and Europe, including Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. This species does not tend to grow one at a time, usually occurs in large groups.

Is the mushroom edible or not

Dry non-fungus belongs to the category of inedible mushrooms. Due to the small size of the fruit bodies, it has no nutritional value and is not suitable for human consumption.

Doubles and their differences

According to its external features, dry non-nipple plant is similar to the following gifts of the forest:

1. Blood-headed firebrand. It is an inedible and rare species that has the ability to glow at night. You can recognize the double by a small domed red hat and a rather long stem of dark shades.
2. Wheeled nonnichi - this specimen is very similar in shape and size to the described species in the shape and size of the fruiting body. However, the distinguishing feature is the color of the mushroom. So, the hat of the twin in young specimens is painted white, and in mature specimens it is grayish-yellow. Not edible.
3. Smelly stinker. It belongs to the group of inedible and poisonous mushrooms. A double can be distinguished by a yellowish-brown cap and a black, shorter stem, the maximum length of which is 3 cm. In addition, this species grows on old hardwood.

Conclusion

Dry firebug is a fairly common species of the Negniychnikov family, which can be found not only in Russia, but also abroad. However, such a specimen is not of interest to mushroom pickers, since it does not represent any nutritional value.

Useful properties of meadow mushrooms and their application

Hats are a great addition to dishes because they have an excellent aroma. Also, broth is cooked from them, it tastes even better than from the king of mushrooms (white).

Meadow mushrooms are used in the preparation of various sauces. And also for pickling, drying, snacks

For the dishes to work out, it is very important to know the rules for cleaning and preparing mushrooms.

Mushroom cleaning rules

Marasmius oreades dry out quickly and need to be cleaned faster after harvesting. Before the process, select only good specimens, discard old, moldy, dry, rotting ones.

Wash thoroughly, because under their caps there may be dirt, debris, bugs, etc. In addition, edible and poisonous specimens grow in close proximity to each other. Particles from dangerous can get on honey mushrooms.

If the mushrooms are dried, you do not need to wash them. It is enough to clean the place under the cap with a knife, cut off dry and moldy areas.

Cleaning before pickling:

After harvesting, soak the mushrooms for 20-30 minutes in water warmed to room temperature.
Remove the hard legs.
Carefully remove the film from above with a knife, being careful not to damage the hat itself.
You can leave the film on the inside or put the mushroom under running water to rinse it off.
Rinse the caps well.

After cleansing, proceed to the next step.

Cooking features

Before using mushrooms, they must be pre-cooked. The cooking time depends on what will happen to the mushrooms next:

Frying and braising. Boil for an hour in salted water. This happens in 2 stages. First, the mushrooms are simply boiled for 20 minutes. Then add onion, lavrushka and other spices, keep on the stove for another 40 minutes. Before further cooking, take it out of the water and dry it a little.

Freezing. It usually takes about an hour to cook. First, cook for 20 minutes, then drain the water, pour boiling water and keep on fire until tender.

Marinovka.Cook for 60-80 minutes so that the mushrooms are completely cooked. The old water is drained and boiled water is poured, salt and spices are added.

Cooking dried mushrooms. In order for the mushroom to regain its shape, it is brought to a boil in salted water. This takes about half an hour.

Boiled honey mushrooms are fried in a preheated pan for half an hour. If meat ingredients or potatoes are added, the time is increased to 40 minutes. There is no need to defrost frozen mushrooms.

If the mushrooms are not pre-boiled, the frying time is increased to 40 minutes. Before that, they need to be kept in warm water for half an hour.

Other areas of application

Non-fluff found their application in alternative medicine. A tincture is prepared from them, which contains a lot of marasmic acid. This substance helps to destroy many pathogenic microorganisms, incl. and Staphylococcus aureus.

However, the therapeutic effect has not been clinically proven, self-medication can lead to undesirable consequences. Therefore, before using the alternative method, you must consult a doctor. In addition, unconventional treatment methods can only alleviate the symptoms, but not cure the disease. This requires complex therapy.

Previously, girls collected hats of meadow mushrooms on a full moon. They applied them to the face, believing that mushrooms remove freckles, relieve inflammation, even out skin tone and improve its elasticity.

Doubles - you should be on your guard!

An illustrative example allows you to identify real meadows from false ones after the first quiet hunt, carried out together with an experienced mushroom picker. The experience and knowledge transferred at the time of mushrooming is unlikely to be replaced by an encyclopedia, a short description and photo examples. However, if there is no such option for studying the distinctive features, you can start OZS with the help of alternative options. Combining all the minor options, a beginner who decided to join the mushroom business can easily cope with the first hunt.

The most common mistake, both for beginners and experienced mushroom pickers, is the collection of wood-loving colibia. Instead of meadow representatives, it often ends up in baskets and buckets of lovers of quiet hunting. True, in comparison with other similar outward types, this twin is harmless. Its alternative name is spring (summer) honey agaric. Germination lasts until mid-August. You can meet him not only in the forest zone, but also in open areas, where grass and weeds grow. The representative of the Negniychnikov species belongs to conditionally edible mushrooms and is well suited for consumption after heat treatment and primary boiling. And although its value is minimal, the mushroom has connoisseurs who prefer mushroom dishes without a pronounced aroma and taste.

The second counterpart of meadow mushroom is oil colibia. Another conditionally edible mushroom of large size. The appearance is almost identical to the meadowsweet. It differs only in the absence of aroma and bright taste of mushrooms.

Not to confuse meadow mushrooms with colibia or other mushrooms, simple but understandable distinctive features will allow:

1) the bulge located in the middle of the hat. In edible mushrooms, it is more pronounced than in fellows;

2) the plates should be sparse, but uniform, painted in the same color. If there are blotches and irregularities, red or reddish spots, the mushrooms have nothing to do with the mushrooms. Most likely there was a collibia on the way;

3) any mushrooms smell good, and meadows are no exception to the rule. Comparing edible non-nippers to colibia, the latter have a repulsive scent, reminiscent of spoiled food or mold. Honey mushrooms have an unusual aroma, combining notes of mushroom with spicy cloves.

The poisonous counterpart of meadow honey agaric remains the white talker. Its alternative name is whitish. After its use, the symptoms appear quickly, regardless of the chosen method of heat treatment and the amount of use. Symptoms of poisoning become well pronounced after 45-70 minutes.Signs entail: dizziness, loss of consciousness, cold sweat, sudden dizziness, stabbing pain in the abdomen.

Only a beginner mushroom picker who has no experience in quiet hunting can confuse a white talker with a meadow mushroom. Striking distinctive features are striking even from afar. The first are large, reminiscent of autumn mushrooms, with a snow-white hat, turned towards the leg. The smooth edge has no jags or irregularities.

Today, there are many varieties of talkers. Some are conditionally edible, the second are inedible, and the third are completely poisonous, capable of bringing irreparable harm to health. In total, there are more than 200 species.

It is worth being extremely careful when collecting meadow mushrooms in certain regions where fibrils grow. Despite the large number of varieties, every mushroom in the family is poisonous. By external signs, it clearly differs from honey agarics. The plates are grayish, darken in adulthood, becoming yellow-brown and even brown.

Description of the mushroom

Meadow honey fungus (Latin name Marasmius oreades, Agaricus oreades) is a mushroom with a conditionally edible purpose, belonging to the IV class in the edibility classification. Belongs to the genus Marasmius, the family Marasmiaceae, the class Agaricomycetes.

Also referred to as:

• Marasmius meadow;
• Meadow nematodes;
• Clove mushroom;
• Meadow;
• Meadow talker.

Other names of honey mushroom speak for themselves. Its flesh on the cut has a spicy clove aroma, and it was nicknamed the non-pot for its unique property of self-regeneration and the absence of decay processes. Over time, the mushroom simply dries up on the vine, and after getting wet, it comes to life and can bear fruit again.

You can distinguish a meadow from other similar mushrooms by the following characteristics:

The hat with a diameter of 3 to 9 cm has a spherical shape with a tubercle in the center and uneven and ribbed, almost transparent edges that differ in color from the central part. With aging, it becomes slightly convex, cupped or flat, but the tubercle remains. The color varies from reddish brown, ocher to yellowish. In dry weather, the cap becomes lighter and changes its tone to pale brown or cream, and in high humidity it becomes sticky and sticky.

The hymenophore (the lower part of the cap, covered with a spore-bearing layer - hymenium) belongs to the lamellar type. The plates are rare, wide, The color changes depending on weather conditions: during rain it becomes ocher, and in drought - white or light cream. In young fruiting bodies, the plates fit tightly to the stem, in old ones, they are located at a distance from it.

The pulp is thin, light yellow or milky; when cut, it does not change its color. The aroma contains subtle notes of bitter almonds and cloves. Has a slightly sweetish aftertaste.

The height of the leg ranges from 4-11 cm. It is cylindrical in shape, sinuous, thin, closer to the cap it is narrower. It has a velvety structure, covered with a powdery coating. The color is similar to the hat's palette.

A bit of history

Marasmius oreades was first described by the British scientist, mycologist and ornithologist James Bolton. He is also mentioned in the illustrated collection of mycology by Jacob Christian Gottlieb Schaeffer, a German scientist, biologist and mycologist.

Edible wild mushrooms

Among the edible mushrooms that most often grow in meadows are meadow mushrooms or meadow mushrooms, champignons and ryadovki. Somewhat less common are white and white milk, white and black milk mushrooms, usually near groves and forests. Most species of meadow mushrooms do not differ in nutritional value and taste from their counterparts collected in the forest.

As experienced mushroom pickers know, it is possible to return home with "prey" not only from the forest, but also from the meadow. Meadow mushrooms are varied and tasty, but you should be careful when picking so that the mushroom feast does not turn into poisoning.

Edible non-nippers globular

Spherical non-flammable mushrooms are edible mushrooms that are suitable for eating in any form, but they are most delicious when boiled and salted.

The similarity of spherical non-fungi with other mushrooms

Some mushroom pickers confuse spherical non-fungi with small mushrooms - garlic mushrooms. But there is nothing dangerous in such a similarity, because the garlic plants, like the non-nippers, belong to edible mushrooms. You can distinguish a garlic by its red-brown cap and a pronounced garlic smell, as well as the often located plates.

Other mushrooms of this genus

The blood-headed firebrand is an inedible mushroom. It is one of the rarest mushrooms in the world. A distinctive feature of the blood-headed nonnie is the ability to glow in the dark. There is very little information about these rare mushrooms.

They have large, deep red caps and thin legs. The hat is shaped like an umbrella or a dome. The surface of the cap consists of symmetrically spaced stripes. Inside the hat is white.

Bloodheads grow on old fallen branches.There is no information about the toxicity of these mushrooms, but they are inedible species.

The wheel-shaped iris is an inedible species. This mushroom is characterized by an extremely small cap - its diameter is 0.5-1.5 centimeters. In youth, the shape of the cap resembles a hemisphere, and over time it becomes prostrate. Its surface is radially fibrous.

The color of the cap is pure white, but with age it turns gray-yellow. The pulp is thin, it is practically absent. The leg is thin, up to 8 centimeters long. The color of the leg is black or brown.

The wheel-shaped non-nippers choose places of high humidity. They settle on dead trees in deciduous and coniferous forests. These mushrooms are found in large groups, quite often. Since they are very small in size, they are difficult to detect.