Hygrophorus hedrychii

Growing a hygrophoric mushroom

Gigrofor can be grown at home. To do this, you will need a mycelium powder available in specialty stores. One package of such a powder is designed for 1 sq. m. area. Before sowing, the seeds should be mixed with a little dry soil or sand. The place for breeding the hygrophor is chosen under the trees.

The soil must be loosened to get a depression of 5-15 cm. Sprinkle a mixture of mycelium with sand on the prepared surface. Cover the top with forest or garden soil with the addition of humus.

Carefully water the site at the rate of ten liters of water per square meter of area. After that, pour the earth from above, which remained after loosening the soil. Planting mycelium can be done at any time of the year and under any type of tree. You can harvest four times a year: twice in the spring and the same in the fall.

The mushroom picker will delight you with fruits all the years as long as the tree is alive. To maintain high yields, fertilize the area with humus every year. This should be done only during the period when the mushrooms are not growing.

Sometimes hygrophors are grown indoors, like champignons. But this method gives a small yield and a low percentage of germination.

Although the hygrophor is not very popular among fans of "quiet hunting", it also has its fans. He deserves it with his wonderful taste and aroma that will decorate any dish.

Mushroom Gigrofor benefit and harm.

Almost all types of edible hygrophors have a similar composition and nutritional value. This mushroom has a very low calorie content - up to 18 kcal per 100 grams of product. In the finished form, most of the nutrients are preserved in the pulp of the mushroom unchanged. Who is this mushroom good for?

• For people with problems with the cardiovascular system. Calcium and magnesium, which these mushrooms are rich in, strengthens the heart muscle, and rutin and ascorbic acid have a beneficial effect on the walls of blood vessels.
• The hygrophor is also useful in diabetes mellitus - in the early stages, its use can even stop the further development of the problem.
• The mushroom can be an indispensable source of protein for vegetarians. It is easily absorbed by the body.
• Also, the mushroom is suitable as a choleretic agent - it increases appetite and helps cleanse the liver.

We must not forget about contraindications, ignoring which can lead to the fact that the mushroom will bring harm, not benefit. Pregnancy and lactation, gastric ulcer, serious disorders in the functioning of the kidneys and liver are contraindications for the use of this mushroom in any form.

Edible gigrofor is often underestimated by mushroom pickers, but its useful properties and taste deserve attention. The mushroom is useful not only boiled or fried, it can be harvested for the winter without losing its taste and nutritional value.

Description of the spotted hygrophor

The diameter of the cap ranges from 2 to 5 centimeters. In young hygrophors, the caps are convex and later become open, while the central part is concave. The color of the cap is grayish, the edges are lighter in comparison with the center. The surface of the cap is densely covered with small scales. In wet weather, the cap becomes covered with a layer of mucus, and the scales become less noticeable, and the color of the mushroom in general appears to be lighter.

The flesh of the cap is fragile, thin, white, without any special taste or smell. The plates are rarely located, they descend deeply on the leg, their color is white. The spore powder is also white.

The leg reaches a height of 4-8 centimeters, and its diameter is approximately 0.5 centimeters. The leg is covered with dark, well-defined scales; this is a distinctive feature of the spotted hygrophor. The flesh of the leg is fibrous, more durable than in the cap.

Distribution of spotted hygrophors

Spotted hygrophors grow in mixed and coniferous forests.They form mycorrhiza with spruce trees.

Under good conditions, these mushrooms bear fruit in very numerous groups, but they are inconspicuous, therefore they are not very popular with mushroom pickers. Spotted hygrophors are found from September to October.

The edibility of spotted hygrophors

The spotted hygrophor is an edible mushroom, like most hygrophors. Their taste is sweetish. Soups, main courses are prepared from them, and also used fresh, after boiling for about 5 minutes.

Similar species

Many hygrophors are very similar to each other, like two drops of water. But the spotted hygrophor differs from its counterparts in well-defined pimpled scales on the cap and stem. In addition, large-scale fruiting is their characteristic feature.

Other mushrooms of this genus

Gigrofor reddish or reddish - an edible mushroom. The shape of his hat is domed; over time, it opens up. The color of the cap is pinkish-white with yellow spots. The texture of the cap is uneven.

Reddening hygrophors grow in mixed and coniferous forests. They bear fruit from August to September. Most often they are found under spruce and pine trees. Many people use reddening hygrophors in food, but they are not very tasty, without a special smell and taste.

Poetic Gigrofor is an edible mushroom. The shape of its cap is at first spherical, then it becomes prostrate and becomes bumpy over time. The edges are uneven and slightly curved. The skin of the cap is silky, shiny, not sticky. The color of the cap is light red, pink, white with a yellowish tinge. The leg is very strong, in the upper part it is widened. The lower part of the leg is sticky with silvery fine hairs. The color of the leg is white with a reddish or fawn tinge. The pulp is dense, white with a jasmine scent.

Poetic Gigrofor is a good edible mushroom. These mushrooms can be cooked in a variety of ways and can be dried, canned, fried, and boiled. They grow in deciduous forests. They bear fruit in small groups. They grow in the hills. They are found from summer to autumn.

Gigrofor olive-white

Family: Hygrophoraceae.

Synonyms: blackhead, sweet tooth, brown hygrophor

Description. The cap is 2-6 cm in diameter, hemispherical to conical, then prostrate with a rounded tubercle, slimy, in young mushrooms, gray or olive-brown with a dark brown, sometimes almost black center, slightly brightens with age. The plates are sparse, thick, pure or creamy white. The pulp is dense, white, usually lemon-yellow in the tubercle under the skin, without any special taste or smell. The leg is 4-10 X 0.4-1 cm, cylindrical, in young mushrooms it is covered with a mucous blanket connected to the edges of the cap, above the zone is covered with dry and white, below it is mucous, olive-brown, with age with dark olive-brown concentric scaly belts.

The olive-white hygrophorous fungus is found in coniferous and mixed forests on acidic soils and among mosses, throughout the forest zone of Russia, forms mycorrhiza with spruce and pine. Fruiting in August-November.

Similar species. The most similar to this mushroom is the Persona hygrophor (H. persoonii) forms mycorrhiza not with conifers, but with deciduous ones.

Pharmacological and medical properties. Derivatives of cyclopentenones, called hygrophorones, were isolated from the fruiting bodies (the fungus produces them as secondary metabolites). They have shown high antibacterial and antifungal activity, especially against gram-positive bacteria. In view of this, H. olivaceoalbus may become a promising source of antibiotics directed primarily against those bacteria that have already acquired resistance to many modern drugs (methicillin, ciprofloxatin, and vancomycin).

Traditional and folk medicine. The mushroom is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for its general health benefits due to the presence of 4-, 6-, or 4,5,6-tri-O-acetyl (hygrophoron B14).

Cooking use. A good edible mushroom, eaten fresh, pickled and salted.

Cooking applications

Hygrophors have a delicate taste.Before cooking, be sure to cleanse it of mucus.

They are used for pickling, pickling, cooking and frying.

Cabbage and mushroom pie

For cooking you will need:

• 250 g minced meat;
• 200 g of mushrooms;
• 700 g cabbage;
• 2 onions;
• 4 eggs;
• 50 g flour;
• sunflower oil;
• greens;
• salt, ground black pepper to taste.

Mushrooms are washed, peeled, boiled for 15-20 minutes in salted water. Chop the onion, fry until golden brown, mix with minced meat, mushrooms, salt, spices. The cabbage is finely chopped, eggs, flour, herbs, salt are added to it. Put half of the cabbage in the pan, on top of the mushroom filling, then the rest of the cabbage. Fry the cake on both sides until tender. Garnish with herbs before serving.

Mushroom gratin

To prepare mushroom gratin you will need:

• 1 kg of potatoes;
• 500 g of mushrooms;
• 250 g heavy cream;
• 2 eggs;
• 1 onion;
• 20 g mayonnaise;
• 2-3 cloves of garlic;
• salt, spices to taste.

Mushrooms are peeled, washed, fried with onions. Cut the potatoes into small pieces, then spread them evenly on the bottom of the baking dish. Put on top (evenly, over the entire surface of the potato) mushroom filling. Filling is done - cream, eggs, garlic, salt, spices, mayonnaise are mixed. It is poured over gratin. In the oven, the dish is baked at 180 ℃ for 60 minutes. Serve cut into portions.

Gigrofor late - universal mushroom.

Sweet Mushrooms - Hygrophors. How to recognize. Little known edible mushrooms.

Gigrofor is a delicious and edible mushroom, in the late November forest for an experienced mushroom picker

Gigrofor golden edibility, where it grows, what it looks like, collection rules, photo

Gigrofor golden: is it possible to eat, description and photo

Golden Gigrofor is a lamellar mushroom of the Gigroforov family. This species grows in small groups, forming mycorrhiza with different trees. In other sources, it can be found under the name of the golden-toothed hygrophor. In scientific circles, it is listed as Hygrophorus chrysodon.

What does the golden hygrophor look like?

The fruiting body of this species is of the classical type. The hat initially has a convex bell-shaped shape with an edge concave downward. As it ripens, it straightens out, but a small tubercle remains in the center. The surface is smooth, sticky, covered with thin scales closer to the edge. In young specimens, the color of the upper part is whitish, but later it becomes golden yellow. The diameter of the cap reaches from 2 to 6 cm.

The pulp is watery, soft. It is characterized by a light shade and does not change when cut. The smell is mild, neutral.

On the reverse side of the cap there are rare wide plates descending to the pedicle. The hymenophore initially has a whitish tint, and then becomes yellow. The golden hygrophor has white elliptical spores with a smooth surface. Their size is 7.5-11 x 3.5-4.5 microns.

The leg is cylindrical, narrowed at the base, sometimes slightly curved. Its length reaches 5-6 cm, and its width is 1-2 cm. In young fruits, it is dense, and then a cavity appears. The surface is sticky, white, with a light fluff closer to the cap and yellow scales along the entire length.

Where does the golden hygrophor grow

This mushroom is common, but it grows singly or in small groups. Prefers conifers and deciduous forests with humus-rich soil. Forms mycorrhiza with oak, linden, pine. The fruiting period begins in mid-August and continues through the second decade of October.

The golden hygrophor is widespread in Europe and North America. On the territory of Russia, it is found everywhere.

Is it possible to eat a golden hygrophor

This mushroom is considered edible. But it does not possess high taste, therefore it belongs to the fourth category.

False doubles

At the initial stage of development, the gigrofor is golden in many ways similar to its relatives. Therefore, in order to avoid error, it is necessary to study the characteristic differences of twins.

1. Fragrant gigrofor. It has a pronounced almond scent, and in rainy weather it can spread for several meters around. You can also distinguish it by the gray-yellow shade of the hat.This mushroom is considered conditionally edible and is characterized by a sweetish pulp taste. The official name is Hygrophorus agathosmus.
2. Gigrofor is yellowish-white. The fruit body is medium in size. The main color is white. A distinctive feature is that when rubbed, wax is felt on the fingers. The mushroom is edible, its official name is Hygrophorus eburneus.

Collection rules and use

Mushroom picking should be done with a sharp knife, cutting off the fruiting body at the base. This will prevent damage to the mycelium.

Before use, forest fruits must be cleaned of litter and soil particles. Then rinse the mushrooms thoroughly. It can be consumed fresh and processed.

Conclusion

Gigrofor golden belongs to the category of unpopular, but edible mushrooms. This is due to its poor fruiting, which makes harvesting difficult, and its neutral taste. Therefore, most mushroom pickers bypass it. Since during the fruiting period, more valuable species can be harvested.

Types of mushroom hygrophor

Fragrant, aromatic, or fragrant hygrophorus (Hygrophorus agathosmus)

An edible mushroom with a fleshy fruiting body. The hat is 4-8 cm in diameter, convex in shape, gradually becomes flat-convex, the edge is tucked up, the surface is sticky and slimy, especially at high humidity. The color of the cap is gray, yellowish brown or off-white, rarely with a green tint. The plates are rare, grow to the stem, white. The flesh is whitish or pale gray in color, soft, with a strong aroma reminiscent of bitter almonds, celery or anise, fresh in taste. The length of the leg is 4-10 cm, the thickness is 0.6-1.5 cm. The leg is central, cylindrical, dry or wet, the surface is not mucous. The color of the leg is white, gradually turning gray. Spores are white.

Grows from August to September in coniferous and mixed forests. Widespread in temperate climates.

Hygrophorus yellowish white (Hygrophorus eburneus)

Edible mushroom, also known as ivory wax bonnet and cowboy handkerchief. Found in Europe, North America, North Africa.

The fruit body is white. In wet weather, the hat becomes covered with a thick layer of mucus. Feels like wax.

Early hygrophorus (Hygrophorus marzuolus)

A rare species, which is also found under the names of the hygrophor of March and snow mushroom. The diameter of the cap is 4-10 cm, the structure is thick, fleshy, the shape of the young mushroom is convex, flattens with age. The surface is curved, the edges are wavy. The skin is smooth, dry, slightly pubescent. In young mushrooms, the cap is light gray or whitish, in mature ones it is lead-gray or blackish with spots. The pulp is dense, white, turns gray with age. The aroma is weak, pleasant, the taste is not pronounced. The leg is 3-8 cm long, 1.5-4 cm wide, cylindrical, curved, solid, thinning downwards. The color is whitish or gray, with a silvery tint. Spores are white.

Unlike other hygrophors, the species is very early, appears in March and grows until the beginning of May. Found in coniferous and deciduous forests, often under beeches.

An edible mushroom used in soups and garnishes for meat dishes. Since the March hygrophor appears very early, it cannot be confused with other mushrooms, including poisonous ones.

Hygrophorus olive-white (Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus)

The diameter of the cap is 2-6 cm, the shape is hemispherical in young mushrooms, in old ones it is convex or flat, covered with a layer of mucus. The color of the cap is gray-brown or olive-brown, darker in the center, becomes lighter as it matures. The pulp is strong, white, yellow in the center, the pulp is fibrous in the stem. Aroma and taste are poorly expressed. The leg is 4-8.5 cm long and 0.4-1.0 cm thick, central, cylindrical or fusiform, olive brown in color. Spores are white.

An edible mushroom that is eaten fresh.

It grows from August to November in coniferous and mixed forests next to spruce. Widespread in Eurasia.

Gigrofor russula or russula (Hygrophorus russula)

A fleshy edible mushroom that grows in the deciduous forests of the Northern Hemisphere.

The diameter of the cap is 5-12 cm, the shape is hemispherical, gradually becoming convex, flattened, the edge is turned up. The surface is smooth, in wet weather it becomes sticky-mucous, in young mushrooms it is whitish or pinkish in color, with pink spots, then it becomes pink-red and in a mature mushroom - wine-red. The pulp is dense, white, pinkish at the cut, the smell is weak, flour, the taste is not pronounced. The leg is 6-8 cm long, 1-2.5 cm thick, central, tapers downward, clavate or fusiform, white with pinkish-brown spots. Spores are white.

Edible mushroom, used fresh, pickled or salted. It is considered the best in taste of all species of the family.

It grows from August to November in deciduous and mixed forests, next to an oak tree.

Definitioner

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. The specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Pileipellis

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

By structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderm and epithelium.

See Agaricoid mushrooms, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Pileipellis (Pileipellis)

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

By structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderm and epithelium.

See Agaricoid mushrooms, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Ixotrihoderma

Trichoderma, consisting of hyphae immersed in mucus. The surface of the cap is oily, slippery or slimy.

Lat. Ixotrichoderm.

See Trichoderma, Gifa.

Ixokutis

Cutis, consisting of hyphae immersed in mucus. The surface of the cap is oily, slippery or slimy.

Lat. Ixocutis.

See Cutis, Gifa.

Gigrofor beautiful (Hygrophorus speciosus)

Current title

Systematic position

Fungi, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae, Hygrophorus

Etymology of the species epithet

Speciosus, a, um, beautiful, beautiful.

Synonyms

• Hygrophorus lucorum var. speciosus (Peck) Krieglst., in Krieglsteiner, Ahnert, Endt, Enderle & Ostrow, Beitr. Kenntn. Pilze Mitteleur. 13: 33 (2000)
• Hygrophorus speciosus var. kauffmanii Hesler & A.H. Sm., North American Species of Hygrophorus: 279 (1963)

Taxonomy

This species was described by Charles Horton Peck (1833–1917) in 1878 in the Botanical Reports of the New York Museum of Natural History. Since then, the position of the species and its name have not changed.

Habit

Fruit body: Cap and stem (agaricoid)

Hymenophore: Lamellar (including folded or with rudimentary plates)

Hat

The cap is 15 - 80 mm in diameter, initially convex, hemispherical, with a bent edge, when ripe it is bell-shaped and prostrate, with a tubercle in the center, the edge remains lowered for a long time. The surface is smooth, sticky, slimy. The color of the cap in young mushrooms is of a rich orange color, then gradually lightens to golden yellow. The center of the cap is colored somewhat brighter and darker than the edges.

The plates are descending, sometimes widely accreted, rare, with veins at the base; cream or light yellow.

Leg

The leg is 30 - 100 mm high, 4 - 15 (20) mm in diameter, cylindrical. The surface is smooth, in the upper part with a powdery whitish bloom, below it is slimy, golden yellow.

Pulp

The pulp is white or yellowish, without much taste or smell.

Chemical reactions

KOH on the surface of the cap is negative.

Microscopy

Spores (7.5) 8.0 - 10.0 (10.5) × 4.5 - 6.0 (8.0) μm, Q = 1.56 - 1.80, ellipsoidal, smooth.

Basidia 40 - 75 × 5.0 - 8.5 μm, very long, narrow-clavate, 2-, 4-spore, with a buckle at the base.

There are no cistids.

Pileipellis - ixotrihoderma 100 - 280 µm thick, consists of elements 3 - 4.5 µm in diameter, with rounded terminal elements; partitions with buckles.

Ecology and distribution

Substrate: Soil, litter

Grows in forests with the participation of larch (Larix), forms mycorrhiza with it. A common species in mixed moist dark coniferous forests of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug with an admixture of larch, it prefers raw sphagnum microdepressions. All the specimens we saw grew in places with deep litter among damp mosses and were often "suspended" in sphagnum.

Fruiting

Aug. Sept.

JanFebMarAprMayJun

JulAugSenOctNoveDec

The divisions correspond to the decades of the month.

Nutritional properties

Edible

Similar species

• Hygrophorus late, variation golden-yellow, or golden hygrophorus (Hygrophorus hypothejus var. Aureus) - generally very similar, sometimes indistinguishable in appearance, mushroom; well distinguished by the size of the disputes. The samples we saw were distinguished by a slightly more intense golden-orange color of fruit chalk. On the territory of Western Siberia noted in the vicinity of the village. Ugut in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. It forms mycorrhiza with pine, but in practice, it can be problematic to determine the confinement of a fungus to a particular tree species in mixed forests.
• Larch hygrophorus (Hygrophorus lucorum) is also confined to larch, it is distinguished by a lighter color of fruit bodies: its cap is whitish with a yellow center, the leg is white or yellowish. We have no data on the distribution of this species in Western Siberia.

Edible types of hygrophors

About four dozen species belong to the genus Hydrophorus, many of which are edible, tasty and useful for the human body.

Early Gigrofor

Hygr.mаrzuolus is an early edible species also known as the March or snow mushroom. Forms a thick, fleshy, centrally located or eccentric cap, convex or flat, rarely slightly depressed. The superficial part with a very uneven curvature and wavy edges, covered with smooth and dry, with a slight fibrous pubescence, with a light gray, whitish, lead-gray or blackish skin with numerous spots.

Edible and quite dense in consistency, the pulp has a white or slightly grayish tint, a weak and pleasant mushroom aroma. Solid leg of a shortened type, rather thick, irregularly cylindrical or slightly curved, often thinning in the lower part. The coloration of the leg is white or grayish.

Brown

The edible species is also known as the late hygrophor with a classic cap of olive-brown or brownish-brown color, slightly convex in shape with slightly curled inward edges. The superficial part has a slimy coating, lighter edges and a dark colored central part.

The stem is cylindrical in shape, with a yellowish or olive coloration. Young specimens have a special ring that disappears with age. The classic type is yellow or light orange, relatively sparsely located, but thick plates. The soft part is fragile, without a pronounced mushroom smell.