Entoloma asprellum photo and description

Description and characteristics of the conditionally edible mushroom

The mushroom has other names: garden, forest or thyroid entoloma. Latin name: Entoloma clypeatum. A species of fungi of the entolomaceae family, genus entolom.

It also bears the names Thyroid pink plate, Edible entoloma, Shield entoloma, Thorny entoloma, Podslivnik, Podabrikosovik, Podzherdelnik.

The diameter of the mushroom cap varies from 2 to 12 cm. In young specimens, it has a conical or slightly convex shape; with age, it becomes almost flat with a wide tubercle in the center. As the mushroom ages, the cap cracks at the edges. It has a dark brown, gray-brown or red-brown color, sometimes with an olive or ocher tint. After rain, the surface of the cap becomes sticky. The lower part of the cap - the hymenophore - has a lamellar structure. The plates are located close to each other and are incremented to the stem. Young mushrooms have a white or grayish hymenophore; with age, the color changes to pink or brown-pink.

The pulp of entoloma is white in color with a specific mealy smell and taste.

A leg of white color, sometimes with a grayish or brownish tint, reaches a height of 4-9 cm and has a thickness of about 2 cm.

A bit of history

The gradual study of the vast genus enthol began at the end of the 19th century and has not stopped since then. Scientists are discovering more and more new species.

The first description of the Pink Platter was prepared by researchers-mycologists of the Botanical Institute. A.N. Severtsov RAS in the 70s. XX century.

Description of the garden entoloma.

In adolescence, the cap is bell-conical, it can be convex, then it becomes prostrate or concave, often a tubercle remains in the middle. Its diameter is generally 7-10 centimeters, and sometimes it reaches 12 centimeters.

The surface of the cap is smooth, after rain it becomes sticky and darker, and in sunny weather it is lighter, silky-fibrous. The edges of the cap are uneven, wavy, and may be cracked. The color of the cap is whitish-gray, gray-brown, beige or gray-brown.

Under the hat of the garden entoloma there are wide plates. They are located quite rarely. They grow to the peduncle with a jagged edge. The length of the plates is not the same. In young fruit bodies, the plates are whitish, later become dirty pink, pale pink or gray-brown, and in the old plates a reddish tint appears. The pink shade of the plates is a distinctive feature for all members of the genus. The spore powder is also pink.

The pulp of this mushroom is soft, but dense, fibrous. The color of the pulp is white or brownish. The pulp has a faint mealy smell and taste, and sometimes it is completely bland.

The stem is cylindrical, often curved and twisted. Its height reaches 10-12 centimeters, and the girth ranges from 1 to 2 centimeters, rarely reaching 4 centimeters. The structure of the leg is fragile, longitudinally ribbed. At first it is solid, but in old age it becomes hollow. Slightly furrowed under the head of the knife. The color of the leg is whitish, pink or grayish. Its base is slightly thickened and lighter. There is no ring on it.

Evaluation of the edibility of coarse entoloma

The edibility of this mushroom has not been determined; rough entolomes are not used for food.

Related species

Spring entoloma is a poisonous species of entoloma. The shape of its cap is conical, later it becomes half-open. The color of the cap is gray-brown or black-brown. The pulp is whitish, it has no smell or taste. The knife is fibrous, slightly lighter than the cap, slightly thickened.

Spring entolomas grow from May to June. They can be found on forest edges, sometimes they are found in coniferous forests. This type of mushroom prefers to settle in sandy soils.

Light brown entoloma is a conditionally edible representative of the genus. At first, the shape of the cap resembles a flat cone, and later it expands, becomes prostrate. The color of the cap is yellowish or gray-brown. Legs of young entoloms are solid, and then become hollow. The color of the leg is creamy white or white.

Light brown entolomes grow on mountain slopes. They often form mycorrhiza with apricots and hawthorns. These mushrooms like to gather in scattered groups. They bear fruit from April to June.

Definitioner

Basidia (Basidia)

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes. Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Pileipellis

Lat. Pileipellis, skin - differentiated surface layer of the cap of agaricoid basidiomycetes. The structure of the skin in most cases differs from the inner flesh of the cap and may have a different structure. The structural features of pileipellis are often used as diagnostic features in descriptions of fungi species.

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Pileipellis (Pileipellis)

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Cutis

The type of cap skin, consists of creeping non-gelatinized hyphae located parallel to the surface. The surface of the cap looks smooth.

Lat. Cutis.

See Gifa.

Interesting Facts

The rose-colored plate has an absolutely incredible relative - Entoloma blue - Entoloma hochstetteri. The mushroom of a unique, sky-blue color is found in the rainforests of India and New Zealand and due to its unusual appearance was awarded an image on the New Zealand $ 50 banknote.

Despite the fact that Podstlyvnik has been successfully used for food for a long time, there is still no consensus among researchers whether this species is edible or still poisonous.

In order for the "quiet hunt" in the mushroom season not to be fatal, it is necessary to carefully study the appearance of edible mushrooms and their possible counterparts. Garden entoloma in the hands of a competent lover of quiet hunting can turn into great luck, since it gives a bountiful harvest and is suitable for making dishes of outstanding taste.

Entoloma garden

Garden entoloma - lat. Entoloma clypeatum

In another way, this variety is called Edible Entoloma, Thyroid Pink Platter, Forest Entoloma, Thyroid Entoloma, Podzlivnik, Shield Entoloma, Podzherdelnik, Thorny Entoma or Podbrikosovik.

Translated from Latin, the word "clypeatum" means that the mushroom cap has the shape of a shield.

Mushroom cap

The diameter of the hats of the Edible Entoloma reaches 70-120 mm. Young mushrooms have a hat in the form of a bell-shaped cone or a hemisphere; in adults, it spreads unevenly: some areas become convex, others concave. Darkish mounds remain in the middle of the headdresses. The edges are usually wavy, occasionally fractured.

The surface color is white - gray, pale beige, gray - brown and gray - brown, and varies depending on the weather. On dry days, the hat brightens and remains silky - fibrous, in wet days it becomes sticky and dark.

The hats are filled with taut flesh that softens as it ripens - white or somewhat brown. It often gives off a pleasant mealy smell and tastes similar.

The hat bottom of the thyroid rose-plate is interspersed with wide sparse accrete plates with jagged edges. They differ in different lengths. Young plates are whitish, mature ones are pale pink, grayish pink or gray brown. The lamellar bottoms of old fungi become reddish.

Spores of Entoloma Gardena are in pink powder.

Stipe

The trunk of the Forest Entoloma has a curved cylindrical shape, often twisting. Its diameter is 10-40 mm, height is 100-120 mm. The leg of a young specimen is filled with fragile longitudinally ribbed pulp, but subsequently empties.

The legs of the Subslivnik have a whitish, pale pink or light ash color, at the bottom they are colored lighter. There is no ring.

Entoloma garden (Entoloma clypeatum)

Growing places

Garden entoloma is easy to find on the fertile lands of forests with deciduous trees, where there are birch, mountain ash and oak, even near roads and paths, on meadows and lawns. Also, as the name suggests, it bears fruit well in gardens, under pear and apple trees, pink, thorns, rosehips and hawthorn bushes.

Thyroid entoloma is collected on the North American continent, Ukrainian and Western European lands. In Russia, she inhabits the Leningrad region, in particular, St. Petersburg.

Fruiting usually occurs in numerous groups, extremely rarely - one by one, and falls in April (in warm regions) or June-July (in temperate climates). The mushroom can bear fruit in several stages.

Edibility

Thorny entoloma belongs to conditionally edible mushrooms, suitable for cooking various dishes after twenty minutes of boiling. It is salted and pickled. Western European residents consider this mushroom a delicacy, while residents of southern Russia consider it a traditional food product.

Definitioner

Basidia (Basidia)

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Pileipellis

According to their structure, they are divided into four main types: cutis, trichoderma, hymeniderma and epithelium.

See Agaricoid fungi, Basidiomycete, Cutis, Trichoderma, Gimeniderm, Epithelium.

Trichoderma (Trichoderma)

The type of cap skin, usually consists of straight, septate elements located more or less perpendicular to the surface and laid both at the same and at different levels; the ends of the hyphae can be morphologically modified and represent dermatocystids. The surface of the cap is velvety to almost felt.

Lat. Trichoderm.

Trichoderma, in turn, is subdivided into intertwined trichoderma and irregular trichoderma.

Intertwined trichoderm (Intricate trichoderm) - trichoderm, consisting of intertwined hyphae, located not parallel to each other and forming a tomentose pubescence.

Irregular trichoderm - Trichoderma, consisting of irregularly branching hyphae.

See Dermatotsistida, Hypha, Septa.

Cutis