Exidia compressed

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Birch dropsy (Erwinia multivora.)

In recent years, active foci of a poorly studied disease - bacterial dropsy of birch (Erwinia multivora Scz.-Parf.), Have been identified on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Cytosporosis of birch (Cytospora horr> Posted on 21.01.2020 by the author of APK

The causative agent is the mushroom Cytospora horrida Sacc. (marsupial stage - Valsa horrida Nits.), causes necrosis of the bark, drying out of individual branches and whole trees.

Exidia sugar (Ex> Published on 21.01.2020 by the author of APK

Head of the plant protection laboratory of AIC "Vitus" Sinelnikov K. Yu.

Specialists of the plant protection department of AIC "Vitus" carry out entomological and phytopathological examination of green spaces, develop individual plans for plant protection measures, treat green spaces with protective agents and carry out complex plant care.

It is located on trunks with thin bark and large tree branches.

Photo: Mina acacia tail-bearing moth

Alder lurker - Cryptorrhynch> Posted on 16.12.2019 by the author of APK

a - an adult; b - an adult from the side; c - damage to the trunk with a larva; d - signs of damage to young alder; e - signs of a previous lesion on alder.

Dark-colored weevil, 6-9 mm long. The body is covered with dark brown, almost black scales with very short bristles. The shield is covered with white scales on the sides. The prothorax has a deep groove between the thighs, in which the rostrum is located. The larva is white with a brown head, legless, 10-12 mm long.

Willow diplodine necrosis (Diplodina microsperma)

Diplodine necrosis of willow trunks and branches (causative agent - the fungus Diplodina microsperma).

Photo: Sinelnikova K.Yu.

Synonyms: - Plagiostoma salicellum; - Septomyxa picea; - Cpyptodiaporthe salicella;

Diplodine necrosis of willow trunks and branches (causative agent - the fungus Diplodina microsperma) is a widespread and dangerous, but poorly understood disease. Continue reading →

Black spot of willow (Rhytisma salicinum)

Xyloma salicinum Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 85 (1794) Xyloma leucocreas DC., In Lamarck & de Candolle, Fl. franc., Edn 3 (Paris) 2: 303 (1805) Melasmia salicina Lev., in Tulasne & Tulasne, Select. fung. carpol. (Paris) 3: 119 (1865)

Other names: black spot of willow, resinous spot of willow,

The causative agent of the disease is the marsupial mushroom Rhytisma salicinum, which forms black convex shiny spots on the leaves, up to 1.5 cm in diameter.

Exidia compressed: photo and description

Compressed exidia is a poorly studied mushroom, which, perhaps, only avid mushroom pickers know about. What are these gifts of the forest, it is worth finding out before the start of the "quiet hunt".

What does Exidia look like

The mushroom resembles a closed shell with a barely noticeable stem 2-3 cm long. The fruit body is erect, rounded, leaf-shaped, compact, disc-shaped, or in the form of an inverted cone. As a rule, the surface of a young exidium is compressed smooth, but over time it becomes folded and wrinkled.

Color - from yellow and amber shades to red-brown, and when dry, the pulp begins to turn black. The edge of the fruiting body is wavy-wrinkled. It is characterized by an expressionless taste and smell.

Basidia are tetrasporous with a buckle at the base and long cylindrical sterigmas, reaching sizes of 10-13 × 7-10 microns. Spores 12-14 × 3-4 μm, thin-walled, hyaline, allantoid with a pronounced apex.

Is the mushroom edible or not

Mushrooms of this genus have several varieties, some of which are edible. However, this specimen belongs to the group of inedibles, but is not considered poisonous.

Where and how it grows

You can meet this species on dead deciduous wood that grows along rivers and lakes.

The variety is widespread throughout Russia, and the favorable time for their growth is from July to September. However, in some parts of the country with a mild climate, this specimen continues to grow continuously.

For example, in the southern region of Russia, where frosts reach a maximum of -10 degrees in winter, fungi do not die. And at above-zero temperatures, they continue to develop and form spores. In those regions where winters are more severe, for example, in the European part, exsidia winters successfully and begins to grow immediately after the thaw.

In dry weather, the fruit bodies dry out, acquiring a black tint, turning into hard thin crusts, the viability of which is several years in herbarium conditions. However, with heavy rain, the mushrooms return to their original form.

Doubles and their differences

There are several types of mushrooms that are considered twins of the Compressed Exidia:

1. Exidium glandular - resembles compressed in shape and color. Nevertheless, the glandular has a more saturated black color, and small warts can be seen on the surface of the fruiting body. This doppelgänger is believed to be an edible and delicious mushroom.
2. Truncated exidia - similar in color and shape. You can distinguish a double from a real one by the presence of a lower velvety surface and small warts on its fruiting body. They are classified as inedible.
3. Exidia blossoming - has a similar color and rounded flattened fruiting bodies. However, it will not be so difficult to distinguish a twin from a compressed exsidium, since most often it grows on a birch. This variety is never found on willow. It is an inedible species.
4. Leafy shiver - similar in shape and color to fruit bodies, but this species is quite rare and grows on stumps. Experts classify it as inedible and do not recommend using it for food.

Blackening Exidia (Ex> Main Mushrooms Blackening Exidia (Exidia nigricans)

Current title

Systematic position

Etymology of the species epithet

Nigricans blackening. Part. praes. act. to nigrico, are blackish, dark in color.

Synonyms

• Tremella nigricans With., Bot. arr. veg. Gr. Brit. (London) 2: 732 (1776)
• Tremella plana F.H. Wigg., Prim. fl. holsat. (Kiliae): 95 (1780)
• Exidia plana Donk, Persoonia 4 (2): 228 (1966)

Habit

Fruit body: Gelatinous, gelatinous

Hymenophore: Smooth, not pronounced

Fruiting body

Fruit bodies are initially rounded, tuberculate, cushion-shaped, 1 - 3 cm in diameter, densely adhered to the substrate, with wide edges, developing, as a rule, immediately in groups, in which they merge into masses with a loss of isolation of individual fruit bodies, extending up to 20 cm , dark brown or black. The surface is smooth or wavy-wrinkled, shiny, covered with conical tubercles. The consistency of the fruit bodies is gelatinous. When dry, the fruit bodies become hard, black and form a smoothed crust.

Microscopy

Spores 12 - 16 × 4 - 5.5 μm, allantoid, hyaline, thin-walled, with a pronounced apex and oil droplets in the protoplast.

Basidia 12 - 18 × 8 - 10 µm, almost spherical or ovate, 4-spore, with a buckle at the base.

The hyphae of the tissue are branched, thin-walled, hyaline or slightly colored, with numerous buckles.

Ecology and distribution

It grows on the branches and trunks of deciduous trees, very rarely found on conifers.

Fruiting

The divisions correspond to the decades of the month.

Nutritional properties

Similar species

Exidia glandular (Exidia glandulosa) - when forming groups, they never merge into a single mass with the loss of isolation of individual fruit chalk.

Distribution in Western Siberia

Distributed everywhere on birch and aspen litter.

Related materials

1. Malysheva V.F. Genus Exidia (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota) in Russia. // Mycology and phytopathology. - 2012.T. 46 (6). - S. 365–376.

Link to this page for prints

Ageev D.V., Bulonkova T.M.Exidia blackening (Exidia nigricans) - Mushrooms of Siberia URL: https://mycology.su/exidia-nigricans.html (date of access: 26.01.2020).

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Definitioner

Lat. Basidia. A specialized structure of sexual reproduction in fungi, inherent only in Basidiomycetes.Basidia are terminal (end) elements of hyphae of various shapes and sizes, on which spores develop exogenously (outside).

Basidia are diverse in structure and method of attachment to hyphae.

According to the position relative to the axis of the hypha, to which they are attached, three types of basidia are distinguished:

Apical basidia are formed from the terminal cell of the hypha and are located parallel to its axis.

Pleurobasidia are formed from lateral processes and are located perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which continues to grow and can form new processes with basidia.

Subasidia are formed from a lateral process, turned perpendicular to the axis of the hypha, which, after the formation of one basidium, stops its growth.

Based on morphology:

Holobasidia - unicellular basidia, not divided by septa (see Fig. A, D.).

Phragmobasidia are divided by transverse or vertical septa, usually into four cells (see Fig. B, C).

By type of development:

Heterobasidia consists of two parts - hypobasidia and epibasidia developing from it, with or without partitions (see Fig. C, B) (see Fig. D).

Homobasidia is not divided into hypo- and epibasidia and in all cases is considered holobasidia (Fig. A).

Basidia is the place of karyogamy, meiosis and the formation of basidiospores. Homobasidia, as a rule, is not functionally divided, and meiosis follows karyogamy in it. However, basidia can be divided into probasidia - the site of karyogamy and metabasidia - the site of meiosis. Probasidium is often a dormant spore, for example in rust fungi. In such cases, probazidia grows with metabasidia, in which meiosis occurs and on which basidiospores are formed (see Fig. E).

See Karyogamy, Meiosis, Gifa.

Allantoid (Allantoid Spore)

Sausage-shaped, slightly curved, cylindrical spore with rounded ends.

Exidia blackening: photo and description

Exidia blackening, or shivering compressed, is an inedible representative of the mushroom kingdom. The species is rare, it grows throughout Russia. Prefers to grow on broken and withered branches of deciduous trees. It is impossible to pass by the variety, since the fruit body is painted in a gray, shiny color and has a gelatinous structure.

What does Exidia look like blackening

Exidia blackening at an early age has a rounded body, which eventually merge, forming a pillow with a diameter of 20 cm. The surface is corrugated, shiny, with widened edges and conical tubercles. The color can be from dark brown to gray. The watery pulp is dark and transparent. During a drought, it hardens, but after rain it takes on its former appearance, continues its growth and development. Reproduction occurs by elongated spores, which are located in a white spore powder.

Is the mushroom edible or not

The specimen is considered inedible, but it is not considered poisonous either. Due to the lack of smell and taste, it is not a valuable food product.

Where and how it grows

Exidia grows black on dry branches or trunks of deciduous trees, covering a large area. It can be found in the forests of Western Siberia. Fruiting begins in April and lasts until late autumn.

Doubles and their differences

Exidia compressed, like any representative of the mushroom kingdom, has its counterparts:

1. Spruce trembling. Grows on dried conifers. The cushion fruit body is formed by a dense gelatinous mass, black with an olive tint. The surface is smooth and shiny, hardens and forms a crust during dry periods. It can be found in all coniferous forests of Russia.
2. The trembling is glandular. It grows on dried wood of beech, oak, aspen and hazel. The fruit body has a jelly-like consistency; during mass growth, they never grow together.The shiny olive, brown or bluish surface hardens and becomes dull in dry weather. The pulp is thin, firm, without mushroom taste and smell. Considered conditionally edible. It can be eaten raw when preparing salads and dried when cooking soups.

Conclusion

Exidia blackening is a beautiful representative of the mushroom kingdom. The jelly-like pulp is colored shiny, black. Prefers to grow on dry trunks of deciduous trees. In Russia, the mushroom is considered inedible, but in China a variety of dishes are prepared from it.

Exidia compressed (Exidia recisa)

Synonyms:

• Tremella recisa
• Tremella salicus

Description Fruit bodies up to 2.5 cm in diameter and 1 - 3 mm thick, yellow-brown or reddish-brown, transparent, similar in consistency to soft jelly, at first truncated-conical or triangular in shape, later rather leaf-like, attached to the substrate at one point (sometimes there is something like a short leg), often becomes drooping with age. They grow most often in groups, but individual specimens usually do not merge with each other. The upper surface is smooth, shiny, slightly wrinkled; the bottom surface is smooth, matte; the edge is wavy. The taste and smell are inexpressive.

Ecology and distribution Widespread species in the Northern Hemisphere. Usually it is a late autumn mushroom, but in principle its season extends from April to the end of December (depending on the mild climate). In dry weather, the mushroom dries up, but after rain or strong morning dew it comes to life and continues to spore.

It grows on dead branches of deciduous trees, including dead wood, mainly on willow, but also noted on poplar, alder and bird cherry (as well as other representatives of the genus Prunus).

Edible The mushroom is inedible.

Similar species The widespread exidia glandular (Exidia glandulosa) has black-brown or black fruiting bodies of an irregular, often brain-like shape with small warts on the surface, growing together into dense shapeless groups.

Truncated exidia (Exidia truncata) is very similar in color and quite similar in shape, but it, like glandular exidia, has small warts on its surface. In addition, its lower surface is velvety.

The blooming exidia (Exidia repanda), similar in color, has round, flattened fruiting bodies that are never conical and drooping. In addition, it most often grows on birch and never occurs on willow.

The brown leafy shiver (Tremella foliacea) has larger fruiting bodies in the form of curly lobes, blackening with age.

Exidia umbrinella is similar in shape and color to fruiting bodies, but this rather rare species grows only on conifers.

Orange tremor (Tremella mesenterica) is distinguished by its bright yellow or yellow-orange color and folded fruit bodies.

Mushroom photo Exidia compressed from questions in recognition:

Exidia glandular (common names black witches oil , black jelly roll , or warty jelly mushroom ) is a jelly mushroom in the auriculariaceae family. It is a common, woody rotting species in Europe, usually growing on dead stuck oak branches. These fruiting bodies are up to 3 cm (1.2 in) wide, shiny, black and blister-like, and grow singly or in groups. Its appearance elsewhere is uncertain due to confusion with related species. Exidia psapzom .

Exidia

Exidia glandular Exidia compressed

Exidia is a widespread species of the large Auriculariaceae family; these mushrooms grow in Russian forests almost everywhere. They have a pulp similar to dense jelly and an indefinite shape of fruit chalk.They have a characteristic feature, they dry out in heat / drought, in cool rainy seasons they swell again and grow actively. Therefore, they become noticeable only in autumn and spring, although they can appear in cold, damp summers. In our region, two species are often found, both prefer alder-willow thickets, I have tasted (raw!) No taste at all!

Exidia glandular (Exidia glandulos)

Exidia glandular on birch

It is sometimes called glandular tremor. Actually, it does not look like mushrooms at all, fruiting bodies are born in the form of shapeless dense gelatinous tubercles densely adhered to wood. Growing up, as a rule, they merge into irregularly rounded or elongated blotches with clearly defined edges. The surface is glossy with numerous winding folds and peculiar rounded mini outgrowths (lat. Carrier glands).

Elastic flesh, odorless and absolutely tasteless. Colors of all shades of brown and black. Spores form over the entire surface of the fruiting bodies; therefore, drying mushrooms are often covered with a whitish spore powder. They grow on fallen trunks and thick branches of deciduous trees. Drying, they turn into a thin smoothed crust. Exidia glandular is edible and they write that it even has medicinal properties. Only eat raw!

Exidia compressed (Exidia recisa)

In Latin, "recisa" stands for abbreviation

Exidia compressed on aspen

Compressed exsidia mushrooms are compact, small (1 - 2.5 cm). Fruit bodies are rounded, wrinkled, with uneven edges and tiny, barely noticeable legs or a narrowed base. The outer surface is matt, the inner spore-forming is smooth and shiny. mobile pulp is translucent, thin, without any taste or smell. The color of the fruit bodies is brownish-yellow, orange-brown or reddish-brown, usually grows in small families, but usually does not form intergrowths. When dried, compressed significantly decreases in size, shrinks, becoming a dull dark brown color. Grows on decaying deciduous trees / branches, preferring willow trees. These nondescript woody mushrooms have hardly been studied, so their edibility is not known. Poisonous species are not described among exsidia, they are simply not edible due to their small size, unappetizing appearance and hard gelatinous pulp.

Description

Species of the genus Exidia have jelly-like mushroom bodies of irregular cerebral shape and various colors: from white transparent to black. Fruit bodies grow separately or in clusters when they can fuse. In dry weather, the mushrooms dry out, turning into hard thin crusts that remain viable for up to several years in herbarium conditions. Under natural conditions, this allows fruit bodies to withstand prolonged droughts and come to life again after rain.

In countries with a mild climate, mushrooms of this genus continue to develop continuously from early autumn to spring, so they can be attributed to winter mushrooms. Light frosts down to -10 ° C do not harm them, and during the thaw, at positive temperatures, mushrooms continue to grow and form spores. In the conditions of a more severe winter in the middle zone of the European part of Russia, fungi of some species of the genus Exidia successfully overwinter and begin to develop immediately after the snow melts. Their vital activity continues for several weeks.